DE3239953A1 - Changeable combustion boiler - Google Patents

Abstract

Published without abstract.

Description

The Erfichtung concerns an alternating fire boiler for

solid, liquid and gaseous fuels for heating a heat carrier, consisting of a fuel tank with a bottom grate and a degassing grate with bottom-side burn-off and side fuel gas discharge, one to the fuel gas discharge area subsequent furnace with secondary air supply and at least one in the flow path the hot gases routed to the exhaust pipe.

Known alternating fire boilers of this type, in which as a heat transfer medium Usually water is used, but solid fuels can only be used economically to a limited extent operated and also pollute the environment due to insufficient combustion to a considerable extent.

The cause of which are generally poor fuel economy Missing or insufficient brick lining in connection with too small combustion chambers. Although attempts have already been made, by supplying secondary air into the combustion chamber to improve the combustion, still get significant amounts of combustible Unburned gases in the fume cupboard and thus in the atmosphere, as they are in the combustion chamber cannot be opened up and burned sufficiently.

Elaborate brickwork that leads to better combustion could, but are expensive, make transport and assembly difficult and, moreover, create Problems with the regulation of such alternating fire boilers. The ones for the different Fuels to be demanded in each case optimal combustion chamber conditions can with the known interchangeable boilers cannot be guaranteed.

The object of the present invention is to provide an alternating fire boiler of the type defined at the outset to be designed in such a way that despite little manufacturing technology Effort and the calorific value if simple assembly is guaranteed at the installation site of liquid, gaseous and solid fuels such as coal, wood, peat, combustible waste, used with at least approximately the same level of efficiency can be.

This object is achieved according to the invention in that between the combustion area of the fuel container and the main combustion chamber made of refractory Shaped parts of existing burner insert is provided.

The use of a composite made of molded parts, easy in the boiler insertable fuel insert of this type causes the embers from the ember bed Coming combustion gases with different temperatures and with secondary combustion air be intimately mixed. The secondary air required for combustion becomes the fuel gases Via special inlet nozzles in the bottom of the fuel gas collection channel and the burnout channel supplied, whereby a, with great heat development, complete combustion, the combustion gases flowing into the combustion insert can be introduced. The for The secondary air required for combustion is preferably in the flue gas collection box of the boiler arranged bimetal thermostat.

This also prevents the Draft in the bed of embers by the secondary air supply creates a side draft or smaller The boiler fire is extinguished after the capacity has been accepted by such a by-pass. from It is essential that the regulation of the secondary air is always complete takes place independently and separately from the boiler draft control.

The changeover from solid fuel to gaseous or liquid fuel Fuels can be done automatically, with a parallel operation of different types of fuel can be prevented if necessary by a safety cut-out.

The control of the alternating fire boiler is more fixed when used Fuels by means of two separately arranged bimetal thermostats and the associated draft and secondary air control flaps on the front or. Back of the kettle. When operating with liquid or gaseous fuels the boiler is controlled via series-connected safety and operating thermostats, which intervene in the electrical control of these types of torches.

It is essential that the operation of the swap boiler in the case of Use of solid fuels without auxiliary equipment, such as fans or pumps, is possible, whereby an operation independent of auxiliary energies is ensured at all times is.

For assembly and repair purposes, it is important that the burner insert into the boiler body without the aid of special tools and binding agents such as mortar can be installed and, if necessary, also replaced, due to the good Degassing of the fuel tank through the built-in degassing grate is possible without Refueling at any time due to smoke nuisance.

An exemplary embodiment of the invention is described below with reference to FIG Drawing explained in more detail; The drawing shows: FIG. 1 a sectional drawing an embodiment of an interchangeable boiler according to the invention.

FIG. 2 shows a cross section with a plan view of the burner insert without Cover plate and without reheater plates with part of the boiler bottom.

Figure 3 shows a longitudinal section through the burner insert with indicated Brenngasfuhrung and the arrangement of the heat exchanger opening to the outlet opening of the Burner insert.

The swap boiler includes a fuel tank (X) with a preferably full-surface, upper cover (41), a filling opening (42) and a heating door (AO) and a degassing grate (20). There is an ash box on the bottom (23) with Zugregulierklappe (44) provided, which in a known manner by a bimetal thermostat (t4) is operated.

Next to and separate from this ash pan is a secondary air preheating room (6) provided with a door (ß9) and a secondary air regulating flap (31).

Next to it and separate from it is the burnout channel (5) with a second one Secondary air regulating flap arranged.

The regulating flaps (34) and (3) are controlled by a bimetal thermostat (Xi) actuated.

Above the secondary air preheating box (6) and immediately adjacent A fuel insert (3) with a fuel gas collecting duct is attached to the solid fuel container (1) (4)) and a burnout channel (5) in which the combustion gases are guided horizontally will.

In the outlet opening of the burner insert (4) are several small-volume Reheater plates hooked into lateral inclined slots with play.

The furnace above the reheater plates (te Radiation zone (2) and the exchanger tubes (33-) up to the flue gas collecting box (17), which is provided with a cleaning opening (2S) over the entire surface.

In the front wall of the boiler in the area of the radiation zone (Q,) of the combustion chamber an assembly device (for a burner for gaseous or liquid fuels provided. Such burners are in a known manner with controlled by the double thermostat (27).

A thermostat built into the grate (28) of the fuel tank (t) (29) automatically controls the operational diversion from solid fuel to liquid or gaseous fuels and at the same time prevents parallel operation if necessary of the boiler with different types of fuel.

The embers from the bed of embers over the grate (28) of the fuel container (1) in the combustion insert (3) flowing in the combustion gases are with the secondary air from the Nozzles (9) in the bottom of the fuel gas collecting duct (4) and the nozzles (18) at the bottom of the Burnout channel (5) intimately mixed and prepared for complete combustion.

The heated combustion gases then flow between the hot ones Blind-like inclined post-heating plates (25) in the radiation zone (,) of the combustion chamber, where the strongly heated gases release large amounts of heat burn completely.

The reheater plates (ßg have the task of radiating the heat from the burner insert (3) to reduce the achievable temperatures for digestion to keep the combustion gases in the combustion insert (3).

In addition, the post-heater plates placed between the inclined (25) the combustion gases passed through are additionally heated.

After a relatively short heating-up time, the small-volume, reheater plates set or suspended in side slits (34) of the burner insert (3) (25) their - operating temperature and are thus fully effective.

The radiant heat of the burning over the reheater plates (25) Flames are used in the radiation zone (2) of the combustion chamber. The warmth of Exhaust gases are in the connected exchanger tubes () and the flue gas collecting box (t;) transferred to the heat transfer medium, e.g. water.

After that, the exhaust gases leave with a temperature above the dew point Temperature the boiler via the exhaust pipe (34).

In the same way, the burner for liquid or gaseous Heat generated by fuels is used.

When operating the alternating fire boiler with gaseous or liquid Fuels have the existing reheater plates (25) the advantage that they due to their inclined, blind-like arrangement prevent the Hit the flames down into the burner insert (3). This prevents exhaust gases can collect in the empty fuel container (4).

the alternating fire boiler according to the invention thus provides a comparison to known boilers of this type a much better utilization of the available standing fuels while reducing the environmental impact and is also easy and economical to manufacture.

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Claims (12)

WECHSEBRANJ) KESEL -PATENT CLAIMS-1. Alternating fire boiler for solid, liquid and gaseous fuels for heating a heat carrier, consisting from a fuel tank provided with a bottom grate and a degassing grate with bottom-side burn-off and side fuel gas discharge, one to the fuel gas discharge area adjoining combustion chamber with two-way adjustable secondary combustion air supply and at least one connected into the flow path of the hot gases directed to the exhaust pipe Heat exchanger, characterized in that between the burn-off area on the bottom of the fuel container (4) and the main combustion chamber (ß) one of several refractory Molded parts of existing burner insert (3) with a fuel gas collecting duct (4) and a Burnout channel (5) is provided, in which the combustion gases are guided horizontally. 2. Alternating fire boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the burner insert (3) consists of refractory molded parts that cover the fuel container (4) can be used and, in the installed state, a combustion insert (3) with a combustion gas collecting duct (4) and a burnout duct (5) each with a secondary combustion air supply on the bottom (15) and (16) form. 3. Alternating fire boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the secondary combustion air preheating box (6) up through the in one, preferably U-EisenrShmec standing burner insert filled with firebrick flour or fine sand (8) is hermetically sealed so that the secondary combustion air from the preheating box (b) can only reach the fuel collecting duct (4) via the nozzles (e). 4. Alternating fire boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the combustion gases in the combustion gas collecting duct (4) of the combustion insert (3) horizontally and in parallel towards the combustion area of the fuel tank (d) from the heating door (d0) in the direction the fuel tank rear wall and then passed around the central wall (8) of the burner insert (3) around in the burnout channel (5) of the burner insert (3) in the opposite direction to to the upwardly open outlet opening (32) of the burner insert (3). 5. Alternating fire boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the outlet opening (/ 4) of the burner insert (3) with a blind-like cover is provided from individually suspended panels. 6. Alternating fire boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the hot gases flowing out of the outlet opening 82) of the combustion insert (3) in the main combustion chamber (2) again horizontally and in the same direction as in the fuel gas collecting duct to the openings of the heat exchangers arranged above the main combustion chamber (t). 7. Alternating fire boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that which can be regulated independently of the primary combustion air control (49) of the boiler Secondary combustion air supply (Xe under the combustion gas collecting duct (4) and the Secondary combustion air supply (16) under the burnout duct (5) via a preferably in the flue gas collecting box (X;) arranged controller (4g) are regulated together. 8. Alternating fire boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the inlet flap X) of the secondary combustion air supply b) during the opening process the intake flaps with an adjustable delay to the secondary combustion air intake flap z) responds. 9. Alternating fire boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the secondary combustion air supply (15) in a secondary combustion air preheating box (6) opens, which via a plurality of nozzles (9) with the fuel gas collecting duct (4) communicates. 10. Alternating fire boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the secondary combustion air supply 06) under the burnout duct (S) into one Secondary air channel 33) is guided, which with the Ausbrandkaaal (5) via a plurality of nozzles (18), which are preferably arranged on the side of the secondary air duct 3), communicates. 11. Alternating fire boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that on the inner wall of the fuel container opposite the heating door (40) (6t) a grate (2o) consisting of vertical bars is attached, the bars of which on the side of the fuel container (6 ') facing away from the fuel insert (3) reach to the bottom grate and its rods in the direction of the burner insert by as much are shortened so that the grate bar closest to the burner insert with the upper edge the fuel gas outlet opening (ig) of the fuel tank (4) is flush. 12. Alternating fire boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the openings of the heat exchangers (43) above, but on, the outlet opening (AZ) of the combustion insert (3) opposite side of the furnace (e) are arranged.