DE3049507C2 - Transport vehicle with a chassis with a changing device and a changing body that can be lowered onto it - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a transport vehicle with the Features of the preamble of claim 1.  

Transport vehicles of the specified type preferably have a build on how he's in the DE 29 36 254 A1 is proposed. Is on a chassis a standardized changing device with one stroke portal behind the cab, with locking hooks on Side members and with lowering cylinders at the rear of the Side rails attached. The swap body has an ent speaking standardized intervention device with Auf bearing surfaces for the lifting portal and for the piston rods the lowering cylinder-piston units and with locking shoes that engage in the locking hooks. The changing device also has sliding cylinder Piston units on with a driving device are equipped on the respective push rod head, in the engagement means of the superstructure to grab. The swap body is first put on is moved to the stroke portal until it stops lowerable beams on the lifting portal and on the piston rods heads of the rear lifting cylinder-piston units placed and is then lowered onto the chassis. There after the exchange structure becomes relative to the exchange device through the sliding cylinder-piston units so far moved until the locking shoes on the change build into the locking hooks on the changing device intervention. To secure the swap body on the Chassis is still z. B. at least one plug zen through mutually aligned holes alternately construction and push through in the chassis.

Such transport vehicles in which a change build on a chassis with changing device Lowering and moving is locked, so far little ease of use. Partly that requires Operation high skill and is only special trained drivers feasible. A problem arises e.g. B. in that the driving device on the slide rod head in previous embodiments not in  is in the right position if the change body with its engagement means in the driving device should be lowered comprehensively. This is because before lowering the swap body all the way to the front the portal is created on the means of instruction that then the swap body is lowered and then to Lock is moved forward. To remove the Swap body is first to unlock again to push it back so far that it Safety during the subsequent lifting movement does not apply the means of admission can get stuck. At the hub After the unlocking movement, the change becomes movement construction with some distance from the means of instruction moved up on the portal while he was in front of the descent movement is applied directly to the means of instruction. After unlocking, the driver device is located on the push rod head further back than this for the Intervention of the means of intervention on the interchangeable body when lower ken is required. The operator must therefore at Ab lower the means of intervention on the swap body and the driving device on the push rod head move others that the intervention can take place.

To operate the lifting and lowering movement as well as the ver locking and unlocking movement is not a constraint mechanism provided. Rather, it is a control valve to control the lift-lower-cylinder-piston units and a separate control valve for controlling the slide to operate cylinder piston units. This allows high mechanical stresses occur when z. B. the lifting movement is switched while the body is still locked becomes. Finally, the operator must also take care after locking the swap body with special whose securing means, such as. B. Secure locking pins and unlock again before unlocking.  

From US-PS 4,071,274 a transport vehicle with a movable and also removable box structure is known. The vehicle has hydraulic lifting and tipping devices. A large number of actuating valves are provided for this purpose, which result in detail from FIG. 12. This also includes the hydraulic release of a jack. Sliding and safety devices are not to be found in this document.

The invention is based, with a vehicle to design the features of the preamble such that its ease of use is increased and the operating procedures for securing the swap body on the Exchange device are positively controlled to also the safe operation by unqualified personnel guarantee.

According to the invention are in the characterizing part of claim 1 listed features provided.

To avoid the risk of operating errors, the Construction with the help of a sensibly arranged Idle stroke in a subsequent sequence, the locking and Securing in the locking stroke or vice versa Unlocking and unlocking in the unlocking stroke. It will So with a highly qualified locking system one Security created that automatically occurs and before Start of unlocking by moving automatically is unlocked. It is also not for backup Measures on the vehicle more space elsewhere needed. The invention therefore addresses a problem area with several sub-problems that have so far been related to The operability difficulties arose with several design options. As Explained in detail above, there were problems adjusting of means of intervention on swap bodies and  Exchange device to each other when lowering. So far, forced security and unlocking have not been used guaranteed. Due to the lack of a forced process, there are operating errors.

Advantageous, technically safe working configurations of two variants of the intervention and securing means treated in claims 2 to 7.

The better usability in terms of matching of interventional devices on swap bodies and swap bodies device is achieved in that the sliding cylinder Piston unit on the chassis with changing device is brought and the push rod a plate-shaped Push rod head has that on the swap body with device with a front, the sliding cylinder Piston unit facing and a rear pressure plate is attached to each other by at least the thickness of the Push rod head additionally the thickness of one at the Fasten the rear pressure plate so that it can be folded away Folding plate are spaced from each other, and that in lowered condition of the replacement structure of the push rods head lies between the two pressure plates. Through the collapsible folding plate ensures that the to the Chassis pushed up with changing device Swap bodies can be discontinued at any time without first of all an exact match of the means of intervention to be adjusted to each other. When not exactly matching rather swings the folding plate away and only at the subsequent locking movement of the push rod the intervention is made.

Finally, when it comes to the operating problems, the problem is the Securing of the locked with the changing device Swap body solved in that a transport vehicle of the type specified at the outset, which  the attached and locked swap body against Secure unintentionally moving the push rod and the driving device are designed so that the Push rod can perform an unlocking stroke, meanwhile the changeover structure is essentially fixed in is related to the changing device, and that during the Safety stroke, the safety means, the interchangeable body connecting fixed to the changing device, are operated and that during the unlocking stroke Securing device to enable the unlocking Relocation movement are unlocked. Depending on the one certain chassis with changing device and Swap body space becomes available either a latch lock or an over-dead center lock intended. Special designs and advantages the same are given in the description of the figures.

Ease of use and safety are improved when the circuit measures according to claims 8 to 10 be applied.

The forced operation of the lifting, lowering and locking Unlocking movements are also special Design of the hydraulic circuit guaranteed. By the specified measures the control valve to Control of sliding cylinder-piston units saved. Additional valves are not required. By with follow-up circuit of lowering and Locking and on the other hand unlocking and Lifting motion increases operator safety, and this with the added benefit of saving hydraulic components. Advantageous configurations and Developments of the specified hydraulic circuit are given in the description of the figures.  

Furthermore, it can be of great advantage that Driving device on the swap body easily exchangeable, preferably to be attached in a grid and one appropriate type of attachment also for the sliding cylinder Piston unit on the chassis with changing device to provide. In this case, namely for different chassis and swap bodies Standard parts are used. At different However, it is often not possible for chassis to Cylinder-piston unit on a corresponding one To attach chassis location, but because of already existing Chassis parts must be the location of the chassis type can be easily changed to chassis type. At the Provide a grid-like design with selectable Mounting locations can be the best for any type of chassis Location can be easily chosen.

The invention, along with other important ones Aspects and embodiments of the invention according to the Subclaims and advantages in the following based on Figures illustrate exemplary embodiments in more detail explained.

Show it:

Fig. 1 is a perspective schematic view of the front part of a truck with the front part of the support frame of a swap body in a free-floating view for better illustration;

Fig. 2 is a representation corresponding to Figure 1 of the rear part of the vehicle of Figure 1 with the raised position of the carrier frame for the swap body..;

Figure 3 is a hydraulic circuit with parallel GE connected hydraulic circuits for a sliding cylinder-piston unit and for series-connected lifting-lowering cylinder-piston units.

Fig. 4 is a hydraulic circuit for parallel ge connected hydraulic circuits for a sliding cylinder-piston unit and for divider over parallel quantities lifting-lowering cylinder-piston units;

Figure 5 is a partial plan view of the instruction means for assigning a swap body to be placed on a chassis;

Fig. 6 is a vertical section in the direction of travel of the driving tool according to Figure 1 by a sliding cylinder-piston unit with a push rod which engages with its push rod head in a Mitnahmevor direction.

Fig. 7 is a plan view of the parts of a transport vehicle shown in FIG. 6;

Fig. 8 is a front view of the driving device ge according to Figures 6 and 7.

Fig. 9 is a side view of a locking mechanism with pawl locking in the secured position;

FIG. 10 is a side view according to FIG. 9, but in the secured position of the securing device;

FIG. 11 shows a plan view of a securing device according to FIG. 9;

Fig. 12 is a vertical section through a Sicherheitsvor direction with dead center mechanism;

FIG. 13 shows a top view of the mechanism according to FIG. 12 in the secured position; FIG.

FIG. 14 is a top view of the safety device according to FIG. 12 in the unlocked and unlocked position of the swap body.

The transport vehicle here is a truck 10 , the chassis 11 of which has two U-shaped side members 11.1 and 11.2 . The driver's cab 12 is arranged on these. The front wheels are indicated at 13 and the rear wheels at 14 . Cardan shaft, drive axles and the like are omitted. There is only a hydraulic likpump 15 recognizable, which can be driven by the motor, not shown. The gearbox is marked with 16 be. Of the swap body, only the support frame 20 , which forms the lower part of the swap body, is shown with the two longitudinal spars 21.1 and 21.2 , the profile of which is U-shaped and which are arranged at a distance from one another which corresponds to the distance between the chassis side members that their lower support legs 21.3 and 21.4 can be placed on the upper support legs 11.3 and 11.4 of the chassis side members. The longitudinal bars 21 are connected by cross struts. Here they are equipped for example for the installation of a three-way tipper and carry a pivot tube 23.1 at the rear and further ahead a crossbar 23.2 , which has the usual width and carries the tipping bearings 23.4 and 23.5 at its ends. Corresponding tilt bearings 23.6 and 23.7 are provided on the Drehele element of the pivot tube 23.1 . In the middle there is still indicated the support device 23.8 for the tilt cylinder.

The rear ends of the two interchangeable longitudinal spars 21 have support arms 23.9 projecting downwards, to which a cross tube 24 is fastened at the rear, which has a square cross section, the diagonals of which are horizontal or vertical. This cross tube 24 is at the same time collision protection and support means for the state removed from the vehicle, namely that supports can be plugged onto its ends 24.1 and 24.2 or into the ends thereof . Other gripping means can also be used for the implementation or support during loading, unloading or production processes.

The front ends of the interchangeable body longitudinal spars 21 are raised in the manner of goosenecks, namely initially obliquely tapered struts 21.5 and 21.6 adjoin the front ends of the horizontal sections. These carry a cross-connection and support rod 24.4 , at the ends 24.5 and 24.6 can attack floor supports or other supports or slings that serve to support the removed from the vehicle to stand. This support rod 24.4 has a fixed position in a far forward area for all swap bodies if possible at a point where it does not hinder the installation of other elements. Somewhat outside before sets on the cross-connecting and support rod 24.4 heads 21.7 and 21.8 of the swap body support frame 20 or its longitudinal bars 21 are welded. They carry horizontal support arms 25.1 and 25.2 as a means of attack for the front vertical lifting device, which are designed as upright U-profiles that are open to the outside. Their ends 25.3 , of which only the right one is shown for the sake of clarity, are provided with pointing surfaces 25.4 diverging towards the front.

The front lifting devices 30 are arranged directly behind the driver's cab in the space between the driver's cab rear wall 12.1 and the swap body 20 . These have as a support frame a portal 30.1 with side columns 30.2 and 30.3 , the lower mounting feet 30.4 and 30.5 on the chassis longitudinal beams 11.1 and 11.2 in the area of the front axle 13 are attached as far as possible in the front. A cross strut 30.6 connects the lower ends of the portal columns 30.2 and 30.3 in a free space above the gear space 16 . A cross strut 30.7 connects the upper ends of the portal columns 30.2 and 30.3 . Similar cross struts can also be located in the driver's cab, since each portal column 30.2 or 30.3 consists of two corner supports, each of which leaves a slot 31 between them. Front lifting-lowering-cylinder-piston units 32.1 and 32.2 are attached to the top of the portal columns 30.2 and 30.3 . The units are arranged here as train units. This means that the piston rods 32.3 (and not visible 32.4 ) extend downwards and the load is attached to the piston rods. These are double-acting cylinder-piston units with one-sided piston rods, the diameter of which is smaller than that of the piston. There are completely identical cylinder-piston units with the same piston diameters and the same piston rod diameters seen before. They carry on their fork heads 32.51 and 32.61 a straight bar 35 , the ends of which, as illustrated at 35.2 , protrude outward through the slots 31 and represent the means of attack for the attack on the swap body 20 . They have upper flat bearing surfaces 35.4 with vertical boundary surfaces 35.5 , which are located slightly outside the portal columns 30.2 and 30.3 , in order to avoid friction of the arms 25.1 and 25.2 . On the portal pillars 30.2 and 30.3 , reinforcements can preferably be placed as guide sliding surfaces 36 , against which the guide surfaces can hit 25.4 when the vehicle is driven in under the interchangeable body. As can be seen, the front lifting devices 30 are arranged above the lower edge of the swap body. The lower edge of the interchangeable body in the sense of the application DE 29 36 254 A1 is determined by the contact surfaces 21.3 and 21.4 of the longitudinal spars 21 or the corresponding counter surfaces of the legs 11.3 and 11.4 of the vehicle side members 11 , although under certain circumstances some parts still hang down to the side and especially the rear can. This edge or surface is about the surface sliding over the vehicle. The portal arrangement and the attack means 25 and 35 are now not only arranged above this level, but in this example also next to the gear space 16 , for which a space is created between the portal feet 30.4 and 30.5 . If a larger free space is required in this area, a yoke can also be provided as a connection instead of the straight, continuous bar 35 , which yoke is approximately shaped. It is also possible, if necessary, to dispense with the connection of the piston rods of the cylinder-piston units 32 and to provide a direct attack on the piston rods. Due to the arrangement as a standing and acting as a lifting cylinder lifting devices, the cylinder-piston units 32 are accommodated in a space that is favorable for practically all vehicles, so that the spaces to the right and left of the chassis side members are shown schematically here with only the left Compressed air containers 38 and battery boxes 39 , fuel tanks or other devices can be provided. A variety of other, not shown A directions can be installed at any point.

On the portal 30.1 , a hydraulic oil reservoir 40 is also provided for feeding the lifting devices. The connecting lines and the pump line 41 between the reservoir 40 and the pump 15 are also arranged on the portal. The control devices 43 , such as valves, lines and the like, which are not specifically described in detail, for the lifting devices and other supplies of the interchangeable body are fastened to a carrier 42 which is fixedly connected to the side of the portal. These are located in the room immediately behind the cab 12 and form with the portal 30.1 a unit that can be welded to the vehicle longitudinal members 11 , for example with the aid of the support and fastening plates 30.8 , or otherwise attached.

As is apparent from Fig. 2, the rear Hebeeinrichtun gene are in the form of two hydraulic cylinders 45 are arranged in the usual manner in the region of the rear axle 14. Only the left ke hydraulic cylinder 45.2 can be seen. It is suspended from a support plate 46 . The support plate 46 is welded on the outside of the chassis side member 11 , respectively. The piston rod 45.4 can be extended upwards to raise the interchangeable body so that the double-acting hydraulic cylinder 45 works as a pressure cylinder. For attacking the two piston rods and as protection against Ver pollution cover and attack plates 47.1 and 47.2 are provided, under whose left the piston rod 45.4 , as can be seen, is simply supported when the swap body is in its corresponding position.

To mutually lock the swap body support 20 and the chassis 11 are on the longitudinal spars 21.1 and 21.2 of the swap body support frame 20 outside locking shoes 53 and on the chassis side members 11.1 and 11.2 locking hooks 52 attached. The locking hook Ver 52 sit on top of rectangular hollow profiles 51 , which are attached to the outside of the chassis side members 11.1 . Locking shoes 53 and locking hook 52 are matched and attached to each other in their dimensions and in their geometrical position so that when moving the attached body-Tragge 20 stells forward towards the cab 12, the hook 52 with its mouth 52.3 in the locking shoes 53rd intervention.

The transport vehicle according to the figure thus consists of a swap body, of which only the swap body support frame 20 is shown, and a chassis 11 with a swap device. To the changing device include all parts that contribute to locking and securing the swap body support frame 20 on the chassis 11 . The most important parts include the portal 30.1 with all associated operating parts, the rear lift-lower-cylinder-piston units 45.1 and 45.2 , the pivot tube 23.1 , the support device 23.8 , the crossbar 23.2 , the locking hook 52 , the locking shoes 53 and the driver device 80 . For the locking and unlocking displacement of the Wechselauf construction support frame 20 on the chassis 11 , a sliding cylinder-piston unit 60 attached to the portal 30.1 and a support device rod 24.4 attached to the support device 80 are provided. When putting the swap body support frame 20 on the chassis 11 engages a rod end 82 attached to the free end of the push rod 81 of the sliding cylinder-piston unit 60 push rod head 82 in the driving device 80 . By actuating the sliding cylinder-piston unit 60 in such a way that the push rod head 82 is moved forward towards the cab 12 , the swap body support frame 20 is displaced such that the locking shoes 53 and the locking hooks 52 engage in one another .

In Fig. 3, a hydraulic circuit is shown, as it is used for the cylinder-piston units on the truck 10 according to FIGS. 1 and 2. At a control valve 43 , an inflow line 50.1 is closed via a check valve 84 bypassed by a throttle 83 . The inflow line 50.1 leads into the piston chamber 45.6 of the left rear lifting-lowering cylinder-piston unit 45.2 and on the other hand into the sliding piston chamber 85 of the sliding cylinder-piston unit 60 . When switching, it should be noted that, as already described ben, the rear lift-lower-cylinder-piston units 45.1 and 45.2 are attached to the chassis 11 so that the swap body support frame 20 is pushed up by their piston rods 45.3 and 45.4 , while the front lifting-lowering-cylinder-piston units 32.1 and 32.2 pull up the supporting frame 20 . All cylinder-piston units are double-acting and each have a piston chamber and a piston rod chamber as cylinder chambers. In the piston chamber, the hydraulic pressure acts on the entire piston surface 86 of a piston head 87 , while in the piston rod chamber the pressure only acts on the piston ring surface 88 , which corresponds to the piston head surface 86 , reduced by the smaller area of the piston rod with which it attaches to the piston head 87 .

The lift-lower-cylinder-piston units are now connected in series as follows. A connecting line 50.2 leads from the piston rod space 45.8 of the rear left unit 45.2 to the piston rod space 32.8 of the left front unit 32.2 . The piston chamber 32.6 of this unit is in turn connected by a connecting line 50.2 to the piston chamber 45.7 of the right rear unit 45.1 . The piston rod chamber 45.5 of this unit is connected to the piston rod chamber 32.5 of the right front unit 32.1 via a connecting line 50.2 . The piston chamber 32.5 of this unit is connected to the control valve 43 by a valve line 50.5 .

All four lifting-lowering-cylinder-piston units are identical in construction. Since piston rod spaces are each connected to piston rod spaces and piston spaces to piston spaces, this means that the displacement paths of the piston rods are almost completely identical. Differences can occur at most through leakage losses, which can still be compensated for by leakage compensation valves (not shown in detail) in the piston heads 87 at the end of each stroke. The advantages of such circuits are e.g. B. described in the German patent application 29 36 264.9.

The push rod chamber 89 of the push-cylinder-piston unit 60 is connected to the valve line 50.5 via a pilot-operated check valve 90 which blocks in this direction.

The entire structure is based on the following consideration. A certain lifting force is required to lift and lower a swap body. The back and forth movement for locking and unlocking also requires a certain pushing force. It is now the case that the pushing force is always smaller than the lifting force, since the pushing force is calculated from the product of the lifting force with a sliding friction coefficient. The sliding friction numbers are always less than one. They become particularly low when no real glide is used at all, but when the swap body support frame 20 is placed on rollers on the chassis 11 on which the swap body can be easily pushed back and forth.

It is now a known switching principle of hydraulics that Follow-up circuits by connecting the same in parallel Cylinder-piston units can be reached when the forces occurring at the units differ are. This principle becomes the subject of the registration Benefit. The circuits for the sliding cylinder Piston unit and for the lift-lower-cylinder-piston Aggregates are namely connected in parallel. Thereby, that, as just explained, the necessary sliding force is less than the lifting force, is first a locked interchangeable body moved unlocking and there after raised only.

For the aforementioned process, the control valve 43 is in the unlocking stroke position 91 of the control valve 43 , which is shown in the symbols in FIG. 3 on the left. Hydraulic oil is pumped into the inflow line 50.1 by the hydraulic pump 15 . When a certain pressure is reached, the push rod 81 of the push-cylinder-piston unit 60 is shifted, namely to the right in FIG. 3. This shift to the right corresponds shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 of Entriege lung motion. When the pusher head 92 reaches its stop, the pressure continues to increase until it reaches a size that corresponds to the lifting pressure required to lift the swap body. Then the piston rods of the lift-lower-cylinder-piston units are moved.

In the circuit according to FIG. 3, the pilot-operated check valve 90 is controlled via a control line 94 which is connected to the inflow line 50.1 . This pilot control ensures that hydraulic oil can be led from the push rod chamber 89 into the valve line 50.5 at all. The pre-controlled check valve 90 is used for backup purposes. If the interchangeable body is locked and a leak in the hydraulic system would then occur, the push rod head 81 could yield in an unlocking manner to occurring forces. Through the rod space 89 connected to the sliding, the discharge blocking pre-controlled check valve 90 , however, such a movement is prevented. The movement is only possible if the hydraulic system is intact and the pilot control is functioning.

To lower and lock a swap body, the lowering locking position 93 is switched on the control valve 43 , which is shown in FIG. 3 on the right in the symbol of the control valve 43 . It is now pumped hydraulic fluid into the valve line 50.5 . On the other hand, hydraulic oil is pressed into the inflow line 50.1 by the pressure of the interchangeable body on the piston rods of the lift-lower-cylinder-piston units. Forces then act on the sliding piston head 92 from both sides. The pressure of the pump 15 acts from the side of the push rod space 89 . On the side of the larger area of the sliding piston chamber 85, the pressure acts, which the load of the swap body generates in the inflow line 50.1 . Since the swap body essentially decreases by its own weight and thereby presses oil out of the hydraulic cylinders and, on the other hand, since the pump 15 serves essentially only for refilling the double-acting cylinder spaces, the pressure in the inflow line 50.1 and in the valve line 50.5 is approximately the same . However, since the piston head surface 86 of the sliding piston head 92 is larger than its piston ring surface 88 , the sliding piston head 92 is held in its rearmost position into the rear end, into which it had been guided by the unlocking movement, at the same pressure on both sides.

If the swap body is completely lowered, the pressure in the inflow line 50.1 , which was generated by the weight of the swap body, drops. In contrast, the pressure in the valve line 50.5 now rises because of the pump 15 which continues to deliver . As a result, the force on the piston ring surface 88 of the sliding piston head becomes greater than the force on its piston head surface 86 . As a result, the sliding piston head 92 is pulled forward toward the cab 12 . So that the Wechselvor direction is locked, which is now in connection with the push rod 81 in connection with the settling process.

For the function of the sequential circuit, it is significant that the sliding piston head 92 remains in its rearmost position when switching from the lifting movement to the lowering-locking movement until the lowering of an attached swap body has taken place. In order to ensure this with certainty, the throttle 83 is still connected between the inflow line 50.1 and the control valve 43 in the circuit shown. By this throttle 83 , the pressure can be specified, which is generated by the load of the interchangeable body in the inflow line 50.1 . The pump pressure of the pump 15 , which determines the pressure in the valve line 50.5 , the hydraulic flow resistances and the resistance of the throttles 83 are matched to one another in such a way that the sliding piston head 92 always remains in its rearmost position until the lowering movement of the attached load has been carried out completely.

In order to ensure the following circuit also in the unlocking stroke movement, it can be provided that the piston head surface of the sliding piston head 92 is larger than the piston head surfaces in the lifting-lowering-cylinder-piston units. As a result, the force achieved at a specific hydraulic pressure on the push rod 81 is greater than the force on the piston rod of the lifting-lowering-cylinder-piston units. This ensures that the sliding is ensured even when the swap body support frame 20 on the chassis 11 is difficult to move rod 81 applies such a large force that the unlocking sliding movement to the rear takes place before the lifting movement.

In the circuit of Fig. 3 were the lifting-lowering cylinder piston units connected in series. In the scarf of FIG tung. 4 is a parallel connection of these units before. An inflow line 50.1 is in turn connected to a control valve 43 via a check valve 84 bypassed by a throttle 83 . The inflow line 50.1 leads, as in FIG. 3, to the slide-cylinder-piston unit 60 biased with a pilot-operated check valve 90 and, on the other hand, to the circuit of the lift-lower-cylinder-piston units. The latter circuit consists of a main flow divider 95 , to which two lower flow dividers 96 are connected, which in turn each lead to the cylinder piston chambers of two lifting-lowering cylinder-piston units. The circuit is closed by a valve line 50.5 , which is connected to the piston rods of the four lifting-lowering-cylinder-piston units and the sliding-cylinder-piston unit. All four units act as pressure units.

In this parallel connection of the lifting-lowering cylinder-piston units, it should be noted that with the same piston head surfaces 86, only a quarter of the contact pressure is required, which is necessary when using the series connection according to FIG. 3. The swap body now has a certain weight K, which loads the four lifting and lowering cylinders equally with the force 0.25 K. The coefficient of sliding friction of the interchangeable superstructure 20 on the chassis 11 is 0.5. Then the required displacement force is 0.5 K. It is obvious that when using the same piston head surfaces 86 in the sliding-cylinder-piston unit as well as in the lifting-lowering-cylinder-piston units, the lifting movement would first occur before the displacement movement what is not allowed. By appropriately enlarging the piston head surface 86 of the sliding piston head 92 relative to the surface of the piston heads 87 in the lifting-lowering-cylinder-piston units or by corresponding lever mechanisms, it must therefore be ensured that the hydraulic lifting pressure required for lifting the structure is greater than that for Move required pushing pressure.

The securing of the sliding piston head 92 by the pre-controlled check valve 90 and the holding of the sliding piston head 92 during the lowering movement by appropriate adjustment of the pressure in the flow line 50.1 by adjusting the throttle 93 are in the circuit according to FIG. 4, as already in FIG. 3 described, solved.

The proposed solutions are based on knowledge nis that the unlocking and lifting movement Follow movements are and that to be carried out one after the other  such movements hydraulic circuits are available stand. However, there is the problem that the Lowering and locking movements follow movements are, but with the reverse order of loading movements for the lift-lower-cylinder-piston units and for the sliding cylinder-piston unit. Independently on the design of the special hydraulic circuits for the sliding cylinder-piston units and for the Lift-lower-cylinder-piston units is the proposed one Solutions in common that the circuits mentioned directly, i.e. without switching on additional valves in parallel are switched, so that on the one hand cylinders spaces for the lowering and locking movement and others on the one hand cylinder rooms for unlocking and lifting movements supply are hydraulically coupled and that the respective Piston area in the units is selected so that the Touchdown pressure is greater than the pushing pressure. By the ge sent circuit so he will follow the desired sequence aims, and this while saving hydraulic components.

Based on the previously described Fig. 1 to 4 it has been explained that the alternating structure of the support frame 20 lowered onto the chassis 11, and by moving in Rich processing of the cab 12 is locked to the chassis. In practice, however, when lowering the swap body on the chassis 11, the problem arises that the driving device 80 on the support rod 24.4 of the swap body support frame 20 must engage the sliding cylinder-piston unit 60 . The resulting problems are explained in the following with reference to FIG. 5.

Fig. 5 shows a partial plan view of the Anlegemechanis mus between lifting portal 30.1 and the right horizontal support arm 25.1 . On the outer edge of the right-hand side pillar 30.2 , as well as on the left-hand pillar 30.3 of the lifting portal 30.1 , which is not shown, a guide sliding surface profile 36 is fastened, with an insert sliding surface whose outward-pointing normal points to the rear and at 45 ° to the direction of travel. The two lateral columns 30.2 and 30.3 and the two ho horizontal support arms 25.1 and 25.2 each have such a mutual distance that when the Wechselauf construction frame 20 is applied, the horizontal support arms rest against the lateral columns from the outside. So that the support arms can get into this position when putting on the swap body support frame 20 without snagging, they have inwardly beveled inward faces at their front ends. Such a guide surface 25.4 can be seen on the right horizontal support arm 25.1 shown in FIG. 5 at the front.

The creation of a swap body on a truck chassis with a swap device is carried out as follows. The swap body stands on supports on an area that can be driven by the transport vehicle. The chassis with change device is then moved under the change body. The retraction takes place until the horizontal support arms 25.1 and 25.2 are to the left and right of the side columns 30.2 and 30.3 and until the guide sliding surface profiles 36 bear against contact profiles 97 . In the embodiment of FIGS . 1 and 5, the contact profile 97 is a triangular profile which is fastened in the vertical direction to the inner surfaces of the horizontal support arms 25.1 and 25.2 .

After creating the swap body on the lifting portal 30.1 , the swap body is lowered and then pushed forward to lock Ver in the direction of the cab 12 . This latter movement requires that the Einweisegleitflächenprofil 36 and the application profile 97 may no longer be in contact with each other after the lowering movement, otherwise the advancement would be prevented. From Fig. 1 it can be seen that in order to enable the advancement, the Einweisegleitflächen profile 36 on the side columns 30.2 , 30.3 is not pulled all the way down. On the other hand, it must be ensured after the unlocking rear shifting that when the interchangeable body is subsequently lifted, the guide sliding surface profile 36 and the contact profile 37 cannot get stuck to one another. For safety reasons, the interchangeable body is therefore moved a little further back than the direct abutment of these two profiles 36 and 97 corresponds.

Thus, the engagement means of the sliding cylinder-piston unit 60 , with which this engages in the Mitnahmevor direction 80 on the swap body support frame 20 , after the unlocking rearward pushing further back than is required when the next swap body is replaced, in which case the two Profiles 36 and 97 can be placed directly next to each other. Therefore, in previous transport vehicles with swap bodies when lowering, care must always be taken that the push rod 81 of the sliding cylinder-piston unit 60 was brought into the correct position with respect to the Mitnahmevor device 80 . An incorrect setting could lead to inoperability due to damage to the driving device 80 or to the engagement means of the sliding cylinder / piston unit. Referring to Figs. 6 to 8 will now be explained how this adaptation difficulties can be advantageously avoided.

FIGS. 6 to 7 show various views of a device with the name 80 and a shift cylinder-piston unit 60, which are in communication with each other.

The sliding cylinder 98 of the unit 60 is fastened to the lower cross strut 30.6 of the portal 30.1 and it extends to the rear from the driver's cab 12 . A push rod 81 with a push piston head 92 runs in the push cylinder 98 . The unit 60 acts on two sides. The sliding piston chamber 85 communicates with the inflow line 50.1 and the push rod chamber 89 with the valve line 50.5 . The push rod 81 carries at its free end a circular disc-shaped push rod head 82 and a safety pin 99 placed forward on this, the function of which will be explained below. The push rod head 82 is preferably plate-shaped to enable easy manufacture and construction of the driving device 80 , but it can also be in another form that the transmission of tensile and compressive forces, for. B. conical, to bring about a centering tion, be formed.

The driving device 80 is attached to the support rod 24.4 . It has two pressure plates 100 , namely a front pressure plate 100.1 , which faces the unit 60 and thus the driver's cab, and a rear pressure plate 100.2 . On the rear pressure plate, a folding plate 101 is attached to be folded up. The front pressure plate 100.1 has a recessed from its underside pressure plate slot 102 through which the push rod 81 at the remote change build through the pressure plate 101 with its sliding rod head 82 engages plates 100 in the space between the two pressure. The two pressure plates 100 have such a mutual distance and such a position that, regardless of the position of the push rod head 82 when lowering the exchange structure, they cannot press on the push rod head 82 . However, if the push rod head 82 is very far back when lowering, it is possible that the folding plate 101 is placed on the push rod head 82 when lowering and then folds away upwards. If the push rod head 82 is then pulled forward by the push rod 81 to push the exchangeable body forward, the folding plate 101 falls down as soon as it no longer rests on the push rod head 82 . In the illustrated embodiment, the folding plate falls down by its own weight, but this movement can be reinforced by a spring ver. In the further course of the movement, the push rod head 82 is pulled forward until it finally rests on the front pressure plate 100.1 and thus pulls the entire interchangeable structure forward. To unlock the interchangeable body, it must then be pushed back again, for which purpose the push rod 81 is moved backwards with the push rod head 82 . The push rod head 82 then presses on the folded-down folding plate 101 and thus on the rear pressure plate 100.2 , which in turn pushes the entire interchangeable body backwards. In order to ensure these movements, the distance between the two pressure plates 100 must at least correspond to the thickness of the disc-shaped push rod head 82 and additionally the thickness of the folding plate 101 . In the exemplary embodiment shown, the mutual distance between the pressure plates 100 is selected to be even greater, where an idle stroke of the push rod 81 is made possible, which does not directly lead to a movement of the interchangeable body. This idle stroke is used to unlock safety means, as will be explained below.

In FIG. 6, the driving device is shown in a lowered from the form of the exchange assembly 80. The push rod head 82 stands far to the rear from a previously unlocking process, which is why the folding plate 101 of the attached driving device 80 rests upward on the push rod head 82 . In contrast, a plan view is drawn in FIG. 7, in which the push rod head 82 has moved so far forward that it bears against the front pressure plate 100.1 . The folding plate 101 then fell down, which is not clearly visible from the top view in FIG. 7. Fig. 8 shows a view in the direction of travel on the driving device 80. The folding plate 101 is shown in two positions, namely extended in the folded down position and dash-dotted lines in the folded up position in which it rests on the slide rod head 82 .

The sliding cylinder-piston unit 60 and the driving device 80 are located close above the chassis side members 11.1 and 11.2 . This results in a favorable force application point, since the force then acts fairly precisely in the plane in which the shift between the change-over support frame 20 , which rests on the chassis side members 11.1 and 11.2 , takes place. This leads to a slight sliding movement without additional compressive or tensile forces perpendicular to the sliding plane. The deep location of the unit 60 and the driving device 80 , however, requires that space difficulties can occur with respect to other chassis parts.

It therefore appears advantageous to choose an easily interchangeable type of attachment for the unit 60 and the driving device 80 . In the illustrated game Ausführungsbei this is achieved in that the lower cross strut 30.6 of the lifting portal 30.1 is provided with a series of grid holes 103 . Correspondingly spaced grid holes 103 are also recessed in the support rod 24.4 on the swap body support frame 20 . The unit 60 is connected by means of easily replaceable grid screws 104 to the lower cross strut. This possible solution allows the kits for transport vehicles with swap bodies to be standardized. It has been shown that the construction of the lifting portal 30.1 can be used essentially for all types of chassis. For the sliding cylinder-piston unit 60 , however, it may be necessary, depending on the type of chassis, to choose different mounting locations, either directly on one of the fastening feet 30.4 or 30.5 of the lifting portal 30.1 or on its lower cross strut 30.6 . This adjustment is easily possible due to the grid design.

The unit 60 does not necessarily have to be attached to a hub portal 30.1 , but rather can also be attached to the chassis with a changeover device at another point if there is more space available elsewhere. The driving device is to be attached to the swap body on a driving strut so that the push rod head of a sliding cylinder-piston unit can engage in the driving device. It is crucial that in accordance with the erläuter th proposal, the entrainment device and the sliding rod end 82 are formed to each other such that the interchangeable body can be placed at each position of the push rod head 82 without damaging the push rod head 82 or the driving device 80 is to be feared. It is also expedient to attach the sliding-cylinder-piston unit 60 as well as all lifting-lowering-cylinder-piston units to the chassis 11 with a changing device, since then no hydraulic parts have to be provided on the changing body.

In the past, measures were described as to how a swap body can easily be placed on a vehicle with a swap device and how the subsequent movements of lowering and locking and unlocking and lifting can be carried out in a simple manner and in the correct order. For operational safety, it is not only a problem-free fitting and locking that is required, but also a problem-free securing of the locked swap body. So far, it has been secured by plug pins or the like, which requires additional manipulations. It is therefore proposed that the trans port vehicle with interchangeable bodies by means of the locking stroke triggerable securing means which secure the mounted and locked interchangeable body against unintentional unlocking, that the Mitnahmevor direction and the push rod are mutually formed so that for the push rod at the beginning the unlocking movement is an idle stroke distance, and that the safety means by the idle stroke of the slide rod, with a fixed change structure, are unlocking means of unlocking. Such a means of security exists, for. B. in a pawl attached to the chassis, which occurs in a tab on the swap body during locking, thereby securing against unlocking. To unlock the sunken pawl is lifted from the tab during the empty stroke of the push rod, so that the interchangeable body is unlocked. To solve the principle that is now open for securing a swap body for the first time, to allow a locking device to come in while the locking body is being moved and to lock the sunken means in front of the unlocked shift by an idle stroke of the push rod the principle of conventional backup procedures is easy to use. Two particularly advantageous, going beyond the generally known types of securing means embodiments are described below. The Fig. 9 to 11 show the first and FIGS. 12 to 14 the second embodiment.

FIGS. 9 and 10 show side views of a backup mechanism with pawl control, even in a safe and in the case of Fig. 9 in the unlocked position. For the following description of the structure, the top view of FIG. 11 is also used. On the support attack rod 24.4 , a locking shaft 106 is mounted in shaft bearings 105 . With this locking shaft 106 two parts are firmly connected, namely a mounting finger 107 , which rests on the unlocking pin 99 on the push rod head 82 and also a pawl 108 which can engage in the locking recess 109 of a claw 110 to be described in more detail in its function. This claw 110 can be pivoted about a claw axis 111 fastened to the left chassis longitudinal member 11.2 , the axis of rotation of which lies parallel to that of the securing shaft 106 . The dimensions of the claw are such that, in its locked position of the interchangeable body, it can fall into a tab 112 fastened to the left fastening foot 30.5 of the lifting portal 30.1 . All previously described parts of the safety device can also be seen in Fig. 1.

The claw 110 has an approximately U-shaped shape, with a short front claw leg 113 and a long rear claw leg 114 . The claw axis 111 engages at the lower end of the long claw leg 114 . Ver one now rotates the claw 110 so that the long claw leg 114 is approximately vertically upward, so the claw 110 will try to twist when released due to its own weight and the attachment of its claw axis 111 . However, this rotation is only permitted over a small angular range, which is limited by a claw contact pin 115 , which is in contact with the axle holder 116 after a certain rotation. The claw 110 is attached such that in this twisted state the claw web 117 connecting the two claw legs points obliquely downwards starting from the claw axis 111 .

A state is now assumed in which the swap body is placed on the chassis but has not yet been moved. During the locking displacement, the locking shoes 53 will then first engage in the locking hooks 52 and, when the locking is moved further, the long claw leg 114 will abut the rear edge 118 of the tab 112 . When the interchangeable body is pushed further forward, the claw is rotated by the abutting tab, as a result of which the short claw leg 113 engages in the tab. If the swap body is moved all the way forward, the pawl 108 finally falls into the recess 109 of the claw 110 , thereby preventing the claw 110 from rotating in the opposite direction so that the short claw leg 113 releases the tab 112 again.

Rather, this release is only possible by triggering via the push rod 82 . In Fig. 11, the driving device 80 on the swap body support frame 20 is not shown. However, it should now be assumed that there is a driving device according to FIG. 7. In the position shown in Fig. 7 of the push rod head 82 abuts the front pressure plate 100.1. The driving device 80 is such that when inserting a push rod movement to the rear, an idle stroke is first bridged until the push rod head 82 presses on the flap 101 that has fallen down. The geo metric dimensions are now such that during this idle stroke the release pin 99 presses on the mounting finger 107 and thereby rotates the locking shaft 106 together with the pawl 108 . As soon as the pawl 108 reaches out of the locking recess 109 , the claw 110 in turn has the tendency to twist due to its own weight so that the short claw leg 113 extends out of the tab 112 . This will also take place if, during the subsequent displacement of the push rod 81, the interchangeable body is pushed back and the long claw leg 114 is then no longer on the rear trailing edge 118 . The releasing rotation of the claw can also be supported by spring force.

The above-described embodiment has a simple mechanical structure and ensures a high level of security, especially in cooperation with a driving device according to FIGS . 6 to 8. For their functioning, however, it is necessary that the short claw leg 113 engages with some play in the tab 112 , and that there is also play between the pawl 108 and the locking 109 . Otherwise, the latching and latching processes could only be ensured by strong springs, which would considerably increase the space requirement of the structure, which is very simple without these springs. However, this existing game leads to the fact that the interchangeable body can make smaller movements in the direction of travel and in the opposite direction, which means that over time there is a risk of the securing means swinging out. This embodiment therefore appears to be particularly suitable for light structures and for transport cases in which there are no large accelerations in the locking direction and in the opposite direction.

An elastic bracing of interchangeable body and chassis 11 with interchangeable device to each other by the securing means ensures an embodiment according to FIGS . 12 to 14. In the case of this embodiment, the sliding cylinder-piston unit 60 is on a plane parallel to the support plane of the interchangeable body the chassis 11 pivotally mounted on the lower cross strut 30.6 of the lifting portal 30.1 . The support attack rod 24.4 of the swap body support frame 20 is inserted into a U-shaped rail 119 which is slidably mounted in the direction of travel on a chassis side member 11.1 . To guide the U-profile rail 119 on the vehicle side member 11.1 a downward-sending U-bracket 120 is placed on the U-profile rail 119 . At the location of the U-profile rail 119 , at which it is mounted on the second chassis side member 11.2 displaceably in the direction of travel, a corresponding second U-bracket 120 is attached.

The sliding cylinder-piston unit 60 and the sliding on the chassis side members 11.1 and 11.2 U-profile rail 119 are connected to each other via a sliding and locking mechanism Ver. This water has an angle lever 121 and a shift lever 122 . The angle lever is pivotally connected at one end in a head bearing 123 to the sliding rod head 82 and at its other end pivotally connected in a pivot bearing 124 to a chassis part 125 . At the knee point of the angle lever, the shift lever 122 is pivotally mounted in a knee point bearing 126 . With its other end, the shift lever 122 pivotally engages in a shift lever bearing 127 , which is attached to the U-shaped rail 119 . This structure is shown in the secured state in Fig. 12 in a vertical section and in Fig. 13 in a plan view.

In Fig. 14, the structure described is shown in the state in which the interchangeable body on the Fahrge is set 11 . The U-profile rail 119 is pushed back as far as possible and the interchangeable body is already inserted into the U-profile rail 119 with its support engagement rod 24.4 . The push rod 81 of the sliding cylinder-piston unit 60 shown interrupted is fully extended so that the angle lever 121 is pivoted all the way back about the pivot bearing 124 . To lock the structure, the push rod 81 is now retracted, as a result of which the head bearing 123 and thus also the knee point bearing 126 with the shift lever 122 attached to it are pulled forward. As a result, the interchangeable body is also pulled forward until the locking hooks 52 have fully engaged in the locking shoes 53 . It is then provided that the U-shaped rail 119 can still perform a slight forward movement against elastic forces. To apply these elastic forces in the illustrated embodiment, an elastic element 128 is attached to the rear wall of the U-shaped rail, which is compressed when the support rod 24.4 is locked into each other by the locking of the locking shoes 53 and locking hook 52 and the U-shaped rail 119 is nevertheless is moved slightly forward.

Forces act on the angle lever 121 at three bearing points. The forces on the head bearing 123 and on the knee point bearing 126 lead to rotations of the angle lever 122 . During the locking and securing movement act on the shift lever 122 and thus on the knee point bearing 126 forces to the rear. These forces are either the displacement forces for the swap body or the elastic forces that also act to the rear. This force on the shift lever to the rear now leads to a rotation of the angle lever ent either clockwise or counterclockwise, depending on the mutual position of knee point bearing 126 , pivot bearing 124 and shift lever bearing 127 to each other. During the locking process, the pivot bearing 124 in the illustration according to FIGS. 13 and 14 lies below the connecting line between the knee point bearing 126 and the shift lever bearing 127 . Thereby, forces act, which lever the angle, in the representation of FIG. 13 and FIG. 14 try to rotate clockwise. If all three bearing points are in a line, a dead center position is sufficient, in which no more torque forces generated by the shift lever forces act on the toggle lever 129 . But if the toggle lever 121 is rotated counterclockwise by still pulling in the push rod 81 , then the pivot bearing 124 comes to rest on the connecting line of the toggle lever bearing 126 and the shift lever bearing 127 . Since act through forces that seek to rotate the toggle 121 further counterclockwise. In this direction, however, the movement is limited by an angle lever system 129 attached to the chassis part 125 .

By this angle lever system 129 and the forces that occur, the locked swap body is secured, since forces to the rear that seek to unlock the swap body only lead to the fact that the angle lever 121 moved in the over dead center position only presses harder on the angle lever system 129 . For unlocking, by moving the push rod 81 against the elastic force of the elastic element 128 or other elastic parts of the securing and displacement device, the angle lever 121 is first turned clockwise until the dead center position is reached again. In order to enable this movement, it is necessary that the sliding cylinder-piston unit is mounted so that its push rod 81 exerts a torque on the angle lever 121 with respect to the pivot bearing 124 , which counteracts the torque caused by the elastic force is exerted on the knee point bearing 126 in the securing position. In general, the position of the bearings 123 , 124 , 126 , 127 must be selected so that one another in the unlocked position, a force on the head bearing 123 leads to an opposite torque with respect to the pivot bearing 124 as an essentially opposite force at the knee point bearing 126 , and that in a secured position the torques are in the same direction with essentially opposite forces. By further extending the push rod 81 , the interchangeable body is then unlocked by pushing back the U-profile rail 119 and the state shown in FIG. 14 is reached again. By an idle stroke before the unlocking displacement movement, in which the change body is firmly on the chassis, and in which only the U-profile rail 119 is shifted, the securing means are unlocked, whereupon the shifting movement takes place.

In the illustrated and described embodiment, the safety device, safety device and displacement device are realized by the same structural members. But it is also possible to shift such. B. accept or 6 to 8 as described in the earlier German application DE 29 36 254 A1 in Fig. Vorzu and perform as a safety device specifically from Übertotpunktsicherungsvorrichtung guided to a disposal area. It is essential for the specified securing that this takes place at the end of the locking stroke and is unlocked again by an idle stroke of the sliding cylinder before the unlocking movement. The locking movement does not necessarily have to take place in the direction of travel, but a construction for locking in the opposite or oblique or perpendicular to the direction of travel can also be provided. However, the regulation in the direction of travel is the safest, since the greatest forces occur when braking.

Through the described embodiments, he is targeted progress in the usability of changeover built by moving on a chassis with this can be locked. So far had to Lower the swap body onto the chassis on it attention is paid to the fact that the associated interference have been brought into the correct mutual position. After lowering, the locking movement had to be be done. After that, the swap body was special their securing means on the chassis by hand to back up. To remove the swap body, this had to to be unlocked again from the edge and then the hydraulic units in the correct order be done in order to build up sufficiently first unlock and then lift off. Due to operating errors it could easily be damaged by incorrect ab set without agreement of the means of intervention or due to incorrect switching of the sequence, e.g. B. of Lifting process before the unlocking process.

In contrast, with the proposed improvements Operation completely without problems. The swap body will by operating a single control valve in one certain position lowered, locked and secured, without having to correctly arrange the chassis under the change structure continue on agreement of ver pushing intervention means would have to be respected. Corresponding done by a second position of the single tax unlocking, unlocking and lifting.  

It is particularly advantageous to use a transport vehicle of the type described, all measures of the subsequent switching, the automatic engagement of the engagement means and the Provide sighting of the specified type. Opposite to fro known transport vehicles with slide lock However, it is progress that has already been made and advantage if only one of the specified measures is taken. The specified functions of the automatic Intervention of the engagement means and the securing of the given type are also of a hydraulic or pneumatic type matically operated change mechanism independently and can rather be used just as advantageously if the swap body is made by a purely mechanical, either vehicle-fixed or loading-fixed mechanism put on and moved.

Reference list

10 trucks
11 chassis
11.1 right chassis side member
11.2 left chassis side member
11.3 right upper support leg
11.4 upper left support leg
12 cab
12.1 Cab rear wall
13 front wheel
14 rear wheel
15 hydraulic pump
16 gearbox
20 swap body support frame
21.1 right longitudinal beam
21.2 left longitudinal spar
21.3 right lower support leg
21.4 lower left support leg
21.5 right diagonal strut
21.6 left diagonal strut
21.7 Head of the right side attack rod 24.4
21.8 Head of the left side attack rod 24.5
22 cross strut
23.1 Pivot bearing tube
23.2 Crossbeam
23.4 right tipping bearing on 23.2
23.5 left tilt bearing on 23.2
23.6 right tipping bearing on 23.1
23.7 left tilt bearing on 23.1
23.8 Support device
23.9 support arm
24 cross tube
24.1 right end of the cross tube
24.2 left end of the cross tube
24.4 prop handle
24.5 right end of 24.4
24.6 left end of 24.4
25.1 right horizontal support arm
25.2 left horizontal support arm
25.3 front end of a support arm
25.4 Instruction area
30 front lifting device
30.1 portal
30.2 right side pillar
30.3 left side pillar
30.4 right mounting foot
30.5 left mounting foot
30.6 lower cross strut
30.7 upper cross strut
30.8 Support and mounting plate
31 slot
32.1 right front hydraulic cylinder
32.2 left front hydraulic cylinder
32.3 piston rod from 32.1
32.4 piston rod from 32.2
32.5 piston chamber from 32.1
32.6 piston chamber from 32.2
32.7 piston rod space from 32.1
32.8 piston rod space from 32.2
35 bars
35.4 Upper flat contact surface
35.5 vertical boundary surface
36 Instruction sliding surface
38 compressed air tank
39 battery box
40 hydraulic oil reservoir
41 pump line
42 carriers
43 control devices
45.1 right rear hydraulic cylinder
45.2 left rear hydraulic cylinder
45.3 piston rod from 45.1
45.4 piston rod from 45.2
45.5 piston area from 45.1
45.6 piston chamber from 45.2
45.7 piston rod space from 45.1
45.8 piston rod space from 45.2
46 support plate
47.1 right cover and attack plate
47.2 left cover and attack plate
50.2 Connection line
50.5 Valve line
51.1 right rectangular hollow profile
51.2 left rectangular hollow profile
52 locking hooks
52.3 Mouth of a locking hook
53 locking shoes
60 sliding cylinder-piston unit
80 driving device
81 push bar
82 push rod head
83 throttle
84 check valve
85 sliding piston chamber
86 piston head surface
87 piston head
88 piston ring surface
89 push bar space
90 pilot operated check valve
91 Release stroke position
92 sliding piston head
93 Lower locking position
94 control line
95 main flow dividers
96 sub-divider
97 Application profile
98 sliding cylinders
99 release pins
100.1 front pressure plate
100.2 rear pressure plate
101 folding plate
102 printing plate slot
103 grid hole
104 locking screw
105 shaft bearings
106 locking shaft
107 touchdown fingers
108 pawl
109 locking recess
110 claw
111 claw axis
112 tab
113 short claw legs
114 long claw thighs
115 claw pin
116 axis bracket
117 claw bridge
118 rear trailing edge,
119 U profile rail
120 U bracket
121 angle lever
122 shift lever
123 head bearings
124 swivel bearings
125 chassis part
126 knee point bearings
127 sliding lever bearing
128 rubber-elastic element
129 angle lever system

Claims (10)

1. Transport vehicle with a chassis ( 11 ) with a changing device and a changing body ( 20 ) that can be lowered onto it,

• - With lifting-lowering-cylinder-piston units ( 32.1 , 32.2 , 45.1 , 45.2 ) operated in a hydraulic circuit ( 50.1 , 50.2 , 50.5 ), which lift the swap body ( 20 ) from the swap device or lower it under its own weight,
• - With a control valve ( 43 ) for actuating the lift-lower-cylinder-piston units ( 32.1 , 32.2 , 45.1 , 45.2 ),
• - With locking elements ( 52 , 53 ) on the exchange device and on the interchangeable body ( 20 ) which interlock to interlock them, interlocking,
  characterized,
• - That a in the hydraulic circuit ( 50.1 , 50.2 , 50.5 ) operated sliding cylinder-piston unit ( 60 ) is provided, which with the head (push rod head 82 ) of the piston (push rod 81 ) in a driving device ( 80 ) on the swap body ( 20 ) engages and shifts the swap body ( 20 ) in the vehicle longitudinal direction relative to the swap device,
• - That the locking elements ( 52 , 53 ) are locked by moving the interchangeable body ( 20 ) as a result of a locking stroke of the piston (push rod 81 ) and unlocked as a result of an opposite unlocking stroke,
• that it has locking means ( 110 , 112 , 121 , 122 , 128 ) which can be triggered by the locking stroke of the piston (push rod 81 ) and which secure the interchangeable body which is placed on the interchangeable device and locked against unintentional unlocking,
• - That the driving device ( 80 ) and the piston (push rod 81 ) are designed to each other so that for the piston (push rod 81 ) at the beginning of the unlocking stroke there is play in the form of an idle stroke, during which the securing means ( 110 , 112 , 121 , 122 , 128 ) with a fixed swap body ( 20 ).

2. Transport vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the securing means on the interchangeable body contain a movable securing pin ( 110 ) and on the changing device a securing pin engagement means ( 112 ) which are designed and attached such that when the interchangeable body is moved in a locking manner relative to the chassis ( 11 ) with the changing device of the locking pin ( 110 ) engages in the locking pin engagement means ( 112 ) and, when unlocking, disengages again, that a lock ( 112 ) is attached, which locks the engaged locking pin ( 110 ) and which is released by the unlocking stroke of the push rod ( 81 ) unlocking the shifting via unlocking means ( 99 , 107 , 106 ) unlocks the lock ( 108 ). 3. Transport vehicle according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that
the securing pin is part of a rotatably mounted claw ( 110 ),
that the locking pin engagement means is a tab ( 112 ),
that the claw ( 110 ) is mounted in such a way that it rotates into the tab ( 112 ) when it is locked,
that the lock ( 108 ) is designed as a pawl ( 108 ) which sits on a locking shaft ( 106 ) attached to the changing device and locks into a claw recess ( 109 ), that the locking shaft ( 106 ) is part of the unlocking means on which a touch-down finger ( 107 ) is attached, which sits on the push rod head ( 82 ) and by this, the locking shaft ( 106 ) is rotated. 4. Transport vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
that the sliding cylinder-piston unit ( 60 ) is attached to the chassis ( 11 ) with a changing device and the push rod ( 81 ) has a preferably plate-shaped push rod head ( 82 );
that the entraining device ( 80 ) with a front, the sliding cylinder-piston unit ( 60 ) facing pressure plate ( 100.1 ) and a rear pressure plate ( 100.2 ) is attached to each other by at least the thickness of the push rod head ( 82 ) the thickness of a fastened folding plate ( 101 ), which can be folded away upward on the rear pressure plate ( 100.2 ), is spaced from one another,
and that in the lowered state of the interchangeable body, the push rod head ( 82 ) lies between the two pressure plates ( 100 ). 5. Transport vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the securing means ( 121 , 122 ) have an over dead center mechanism with an elastic element ( 128 ) which moves during the securing stroke by the elastic force in the over dead center position and during the unlocking stroke against the elastic force in the unlocked position becomes. 6. Transport vehicle according to claim 5, characterized in
that the sliding cylinder-piston unit ( 60 ) is pivotally attached to the chassis ( 11 ) with a changing device, that its push rod head ( 82 ) is pivotable in a head bearing ( 123 ) with one on the chassis ( 11 ) with changing device in a pivot bearing ( 124 ) pivotally mounted angle lever ( 121 ) is connected,
that on the angle lever ( 121 ) a shift lever ( 122 ) is pivotally mounted in a knee point bearing ( 126 ), the other end of which is pivotable in a shift lever bearing ( 127 ) on a driving device which can be displaced relative to the chassis ( 11 ) in the locking and unlocking direction ( 119 ) attacks,
that the position of the bearings ( 123 , 124 , 126 , 127 ) is chosen so that one another in the unlocked position, a force on the head bearing ( 123 ) leads to an opposite torque with respect to the pivot bearing ( 124 ) as an essentially opposite force on Knee point bearing ( 126 ), and
that in a secured position the torques are in the same direction with essentially opposite forces and
that an angle lever system ( 129 ) is attached to the chassis ( 11 ) with a changing device, on which the angle lever ( 121 ) rests in the secured state. 7. Transport vehicle according to claim 6, characterized in that the displaceable driving device is a U-shaped rail ( 119 ) into which the interchangeable body is lowered with an engagement means ( 24.4 ). 8. Transport vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
the sliding hydraulic circuit is directly connected in parallel with the lifting hydraulic circuit, in such a way that cylinder spaces for the lowering and locking movement and, on the other hand, cylinder spaces for the unlocking and lifting movement are hydraulically coupled,
and that the respective piston surface in the units is selected so that the contact pressure is greater than the sliding pressure and that the piston head surface ( 86 ) in the cylinder chamber ( 85 ) for the unlocking movement is larger than the piston head surface ( 86 ) in the cylinder chamber ( 45.6 ) for the Lifting motion. 9. Transport vehicle according to claim 8, characterized in that the cylinder space for locking a piston rod space ( 89 ) and that between the control valve ( 43 ) and the inflow line ( 50.1 ) of the cylinder spaces for the lifting and for the unlocking movement, a throttle ( 83 ) is present. 10. Transport vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that all cylinder-piston units ( 32.1 , 32.2 , 45.1 , 45.2 , 60 ) are attached to the chassis ( 11 ) with a changing device.