DE3036968A1 - Continually controlling mixing process by multiple weighings - and comparison with values needed for desired properties - Google Patents

Abstract

In the continuous control of a mixing process involving solid and/or liq. new materials, the deviations of the physical chemical and technical properties from the pattern of values needed to produce a semi-finished or final prod. with a given functional behaviour are individually measured and stored. The readings are converted into optimum working values, which are then used in minimising the property deviation. Alternatively or in addition the semi-finished or final prod. may be marked with indicia showing the required pattern of values and the deviating pattern actually produced. Esp. applicable to mfr. of tyre prods. in the rubber industry of glass picture for black and white or colour television, and to plastic processing. Superior to known batch methods, in using pref. multiple mechanical or electro-mechanical weighings.

Description

Patent application

!? Process for the continuous control of a mixing process with solid and / or liquid raw materials "The present invention relates to a method for the continuous control of a mixing process with solid and / or liquid Raw materials with ongoing recording of the deviations from the required physical, chemical and technological values to achieve a semi-finished product and / or end product with predetermined functional behavior.

Comes in mixing processes with solid and / or liquid raw materials it to achieve semi-finished products and / or end products with a given Functional behavior essentially depends on both the individual and the mixture forming components entered in the process in an exactly predetermined amount, you chemical behavior remains largely constant and that of the outside of the mixing process abandoned mechanical effects in fixed orders of magnitude. Such Prerequisites are absolutely necessary in order to achieve a given functional behavior of the semi-finished product or end product.

These basic requirements must, for example, in particular in the Rubber industry in the manufacture of end products for tire manufacture and in the glass industry for the production of separate mixes for black / white and Color television picture tubes must be met.

The previously known process technology only covers the weighing technology Side possible deviations of the mixed components. Sometimes that too.

changing chemical behavior of the components to be mixed with one another as well as the external influences on the mixture are not recorded. This is used, for example, in the areas of the rubber, glass and plastics industries the specified functional behavior of the semi-finished product or end product is not achieved.

The following will play on the basis of exemplary embodiments in the areas rubber production, glass and plastics processing the previous process engineering described in more detail.

In rubber production, raw material acquisition, mixing and iomogenization, the result of which is an even surface distribution of all batch components (additives) has the objective, - today preferably in the discontinuous Batch operation carried out.

Modern technologies apply combinations between a discontinuous one Kneading process (in internal mixers or punch kneaders) and downstream stainers or kneading extruders (5. Figures 1, 2 and 3).

In the past, the large rubber processing companies developments started again and again, the aim of which is a perfect continuous working loading, loading and processing technology was, without, however, a satisfactory one Achieve result.

A major problem for achieving the posed The main aim of continuous process engineering is an exact one continuous consolidation of all ingredients involved in the recipe. Conveyor scales or similar dosing equipment do not offer exactly reproducible accuracy values / time units t.

The same problem arises with the discontinuous ones generally used today Bulk scales. Even if-e.g. Batch compensation devices more mechanical or electrical type are used, is the accuracy spectrum of these weighing devices essentially only sufficient to feed batch mixers, which then use it allow to make a particle or mixture distribution so that then a more precise proportional particle distribution is created.

Continuously operating kneading or mixing extruders are not or only inadequately able to compensate for gememe errors. A major disadvantage of the existing systems lies in the fact that auxiliary additives for a rubber compound, z, .B. Soot, in the pure state, are abrasive, and the feed zones of the kneading extruder prematurely wear out.

As FIGS. 1 to 3 show, the one shown here is the most common Method, especially when processing large quantities of natural and synthetic rubber, the two-stage mixing process, which proceeds as follows: stage; i - basic mixes MB (masterbatch): In an internal mixer 1, rubber blocks are mixed with carbon black and plasticizer oils with considerable frictional heat development. kneaded and processed into a so-called masterbatch mixture. The necessary components are provided aravimetrically.

The from the discontinuously working internal mixer in lumps The resulting raw mixtures are either pellets or (not shown) in the extruder 2 processed into skins and cooled, making them suitable for dosing and storage. This completes the first stage.

Stage 2 - Ready mixes (final mix): Before entering the second stage the skins or the pelletized masterbatch raw material are used for mixing of formulation deviations are initially blended with each other and the other additives dosed gravimetrically. This mixture is then, for example, using a roll extrusion head or a rolling mill, mixed there and formed into skins or strands.

Cooling takes place again in the batch-off system (fur cooling system) in a temporarily stored state. This concludes the second stage.

Stage 2 is preheated, calendered and textile or steel cord gummed. For the time being, the last work step will be mixture batches with the same recipe but with possible deviations from the setpoint and, for example, 'zu Raw treads extruded, which later result in the tread for the tire tread.

The main disadvantages of the above-described procedure are: An extensive, expensive machinery and extremely high energy costs for that Mixing and blending of the batches. There is also no certainty, deviations from the formulation and for compliance with the vulcanization data that is individually correct for each skin (rubber strand) and often compensate for insufficient homogeneity of the mixtures. The consequence is u, .a. Danger to life and limb due to incorrect requirements that do not meet today's requirements waxed automobile or aircraft tires and other highly stressed precision rubber articles, As they did in the last few years, they often eat up due to faulty rubber qualities Aviation and road disasters.

In the glass industry, the conventional processes for the Glass batch preparation industry-standard discontinuous batch detection and Mixtures applied in batches to pan pan mix combinations.

Pelm process for the production of separate compound grades For e.g. black-and-white television screens or color television picture tubes, separate Batch approaches if only for reasons of different recipes or ingredients of additives preferred.

The measuring systems on the market, e.g. belt scales, have does not offer a sufficient guarantee of accuracy. Although the current status the technology already indicates an accuracy of 0.1%, the accuracy lies in a unit of time. In the case of continuous mixed operation, however, in fact in every second / time unit all parts of the batch additives are present. It deals the same problem as with the one described above Use case Rubber or also at plastics mixing companies.

In the glass industry, for melting reasons, either a glass recycling or broken glass material added. So with the conventional method If reproducible glass quality is to be ensured, the shards must be precise Quality requirements meet, but this means that if cullet is rejected incurred during production, these rejects are usually the result of a batch error is. Extensive laboratory tests with complex methods must then be applied so that in the end only empirical values of the batch master are a ensure exactly reproducible quality.

For the production of precision glass for e.g.

X-ray tubes or modern fiberglass communication cables one already goes over to complex new procedures that require that the individual additives belonging to the batch on granulating plates as particles are sintered together, so that the problem of adding cullet is largely eliminated.

Semi-automatic spectral color analyzes have also recently been used in large-scale systems applied, but the conversion of the color spectral values into electrically measurable Resistors voltage waves or frequency values are extensive, rather empirical Corrective measures to be considered entail a fully automatic, qu, ality, cannot guarantee loyal operation as it stands today.

In the plastics processing industry as follows proceeded: Here, too, the conventional processing method is usually used with discontinuously working processors and downstream batch mixer applied. In fact, batch corrections are not possible with this batch operation apply ,, because with thermoplastics the sintering or agglomeration process, e.g. in the production of soft PVC (also partially with hard PVC), practical makes no interim analyzes possible.

One tries, in one case or another, test or laboratory systems to determine the density in connection with temperature and viscosity monitoring variables Switching on etc., but actually always has the disadvantage that either mixtures are too cold at FerreStat, causing extrusion and plasticizing problems or that in the event of an artificial interruption to initiate other compensation quantities Overheating problems occur, known in the technical language as "burners" will.

Insertion is particularly problematic when removing plastic of fully automatic coloring or stitched finishing processes. At al] In the aforementioned systems, it is not possible to record a batch value to thaw directly on the mix. In terms of the state of the art in plastics processing, Especially in the PVC sector, there is an additional risk factor in the reinforcement or to see viscosity-influenceable fillers. In the case of hard PVC processing, B. for the production of plastic windows is the coloring, especially the addition of light protection components (lead stabilizers, etc.) in conjunction with the rest Fillers such as chalk, kaolin etc. are problematic. Chemistry therefore offers compounded additives at, quality guarantees that approximate the raw material refiner or processing plant to ensure.

However, it is from an economic point of view, but also for reasons of secrecy of the recipe hardly possible that the raw material processing market for all conceivable applications Compound or Fertiooranulate can offer.

The plastic injection or extrusion company will probably be medium to leave the processing in the long term. The coloring can be done empirically determined recipe sizes take place, but is for a fully automatic operation for the production of a reproducible color quality with the previous processing methods always remain a problem.

The invention has therefore set itself the task of providing a method develop, with which it is possible, through a continuous recording of the deviations the required physical, chemical and technological set of values in terms of process technology To be able to make corrections to both semi-finished products and End products to ensure the specified functional behavior.

To solve this problem it is proposed according to the invention that the deviations from the required physical, chemical and technological values of the semi-finished product or end product are recorded individually, then stored, converted into optimal working sizes, 'and then with the help of the converted optimal working sizes the deviations are minimized by correction and / or at the same time the manufactured semi-finished product or end product the specified and that of this deviating value image can be recorded as a carrier.

The invention and its advantages are set out below with reference to FIG Figures explained in more detail.

They show: FIGS. 1 to 3 a plant for the production of rubber mixtures in the conventional sense using the invention, in particular (see FIG. 1) the Value logging behind the plasticizing extruder, the readout (see Fig. 2) the value logging before feeding into the heating extruder and (5th Fig. 3) a value record of the end product, e.g. raw running strips for the production of tire treads; Fig. 4 shows a production line for the manufacture of a Gum base mix (masterbatch); Fig. 5 shows a production line for manufacture a rubber mix (Finalmix); 6 a the marking of the value protocol on an unvulcanized tire carcass; 6 b shows the reading of the markings from Fig. 6a, e.g. for determining the temperature and heating time during vulcanization; 7 shows, in an enlarged illustration, the area of the gravimetric merging of plastomers in ball form (rubber or rubber) with the filling and aggregates; 8 shows, in an enlarged representation, the area of the gravimetric Provision of plastomers in powder or powder form (rubber or caoutchouc); Fig. 9 an embossing log via rollers or plungers on the semi-finished product or End product of the previously recorded physical, chemical or technological values; Fig. 10 the application of an endless record carrier, e.g. tape or paper strips with downstream logging head (e.g. Hall generator for magnetization) the semi-finished product or end product of the previously recorded physical, chemical or technological values; Fig. Ll the application of a value logging in interrupted stripes or in wave form in color on the semi-finished product or End product of the previously recorded physical, chemical or technological values; FIG. 12 shows the magnetization of a device according to FIG. 11 onto the end product or finished product instead of the ribbon applied, magnetizable material trace; Fig. 13 an addition to FIG. 9, with embossing logging in.

different groove depths takes place; 14 shows a longitudinal section a logged semi-finished or finished product with different depths, Length extensions and interruptions; FIGS. 15 to 20 readout systems of the in logging systems shown in FIGS. 9 to 14; Fig. 21 shows Fig. 14 in context with a readout of the embossing protocol applied to the semi-finished or finished product; , Figures 22 and 23 the application of the invention in the mass processing of plastic, Paper or cardboard base materials; Figures 24 and 25 show the application of the invention in the preparation of glass or fine ceramic raw materials.

According to Fiq. 1 - Level 1 - MB (Masterbatch) can already be in. Application of the old method and when using a batch mixer 1 with a downstream, continuous screw plasticizer 2 granulation or pelletizing take place.

Extruding pelletizer 4 with cutting head 5 and downstream cooling unit 6 largely passes the chilled pellets via a Conveyor 7 in an intermediate storage 8.

The intermediate storage 8 is designed so that the means of separating means e.g. pellets with kaolin or Årosil lamination in different batches Cells preferably 9, 10, 11, 12 (not shown here in the picture) with continuous working rotary kiln or tumble mixers can be stored for the subsequent Avoid sintering or sticking of the pellets together.

To convert the originally continuous batch kneader operation of the internal mixer 1 is already switched on by the downstream connection of the pelletizer 2 - 6 Almost continuous product output is achieved, but this is due to the intermediate storage taken in parallel in several intermediate batch storage systems 9 - 12 if required so that, in fact, a quality blend of different weight or there are fluctuations in the quality of the raw materials.

The masterbatch production theoretically ends after the production of the Pellet or rubber heads.

Stage 2 -FM = Finalmix- (Fig. 1) begins (shown here in the picture) again according to the modern, but now in fact already old, state-of-the-art technology e, in discontinuous or continuous characterization of the elastomers or rubber pellets and the gravimetric recording of the rubber additives on stockpiling the raw materials 13 and the downstream dosing and weighing devices 14, 15 for multiple components.

A plasticizing extruder 16 of a similar design as in stage 1 is homogenized and plasticizes the Ingredients up to Rolledei 17 (roll extrusion head), which serves the purpose of an endless fur or strand formation.

At the exit of the finished rubber product (Finalmix) is located the value logger 19. The extruded and through the preparation kneading and Frictional energy heated skin 18 is then automatically in a skin cooling system with Wigwag stack or plate cutting system, labeled "batch-off system" 18 a transferred for the purpose of direct transport o, via pallets 21 (intermediate storage) by means of a forklift 20 shown here in the picture.

The further processing of the Finalmix endless skins 18 (see FIG. 2), such as shown stacked on pallets 21 in wigwag form, takes place according to the invention by introducing the sheet of fur onto a continuous weighing device 22, which only serves the purpose of a yield or processing weight control, Via the read-out head 23, which sends a message to the heating extruder rents.

The introduction of textile or steel cords, represented here by Bobines 24 and 25, via a stretching and heating tunnel 26 and merging of the heated and to a specified width and thickness cross-section dimensioning takes place in calender 27.

The resulting textile or steel cord-ord rubber compound 28 is in turn logged values according to the invention via logger 29, so that afterwards the cooling and post-treatment tunnel ~ 30 can be renewed as required Logging of values via logger 31 is a final one expression about the calendered goods.

The intermediate transport and the transfer of the continuously running Calender material is e.g.

via a dance foil group 32, via an automatic or semi-automatic Wechselwlckler 33 out, so that the finished calendered textile or steel cord material for further processing, e.g. for car, aircraft or other vehicle tires, is ready.

3 shows stage 3 assembly.

Here, Finalmix pallets 21 with wigwag stacking (shown here) e.g. Hubstaper 20 in front of the heating and profile extruder 36, 37 posed. The double conveyor belt service facilities 34, 35 are used for the purpose of changing pallets to bridge the discontinuous provision the wigwag stack 21 to a continuous feeding process of the extruders 36,37.

The extrusion of e.g. the tread profile shows before or after the check-weigher device 38 for the purpose of a, mass determination, based on a computationally determined Circumferential value of the most varied of circumferential lengths of the raw treads to be produced 39 for the tire carcasses. Immediately after the extrusion, e.g. the raw tread 39 or other Extrud'ate, the value logging 39 a for the declaration of the end raw material semi-finished product.

Another feature of the invention is the use of a Logging of values in a purely continuous process. (Embodiment of a fully continuous rubber processing process - Figures 4 through 8 -).

FIG. 4 shows the line for producing masterbatch MB. The stock of additives belonging to a rubber mixture, for example, takes place in the feed or storage containers 40 (A - F).

Located below the container discharge and discharge devices 41 the screw metering units 42.

The merging and weight recording of the products takes place, for example via two dosing units each with downstream small-step weighing devices 43 to 45-. The MB line includes three two-component small-step weighing devices'43, 44, 45 shown, which are able to in a permanently assigned forced emptying rhythm Small portion sizes at intervals, e.g. 100 g to 2000 g or depending on the design the capacity and formulation 1000 g to 2000 g, to be recorded aravimetrically and in individual or parallel emptying steps into a dry homoenization mixer 4h throw off.

The essential basic idea of the invention is that the deviation the actual weight size from the specified target weight size individually or their deviation determined from, for example, two, five or ten weighings in the following same Weighing or measuring steps in the direction of zero value deviation compensated, i.e. if z, B. the result of the first weighing process (in individual weighing or determined from e.g. ten weighings) a shortfall of e.g. 10 g compared to the specified target weight then results in the following quantity for each individual weighing or several in the result Increase successive weighings of a parallel measuring unit by this 10 g.

This achieves, in accordance with the concept of novelty, that the quantity deviation tolerances can be set up to zero error.

The mixing and homogenizing device shown in FIGS. 4 to G and 7 to 8 46 should preferably be chosen in a small volume size, so that the Püffer residence time in this' homogenization mixer 46 is only so large, that a post-homogenization of the individual batch sizes introduced discontinuously or steps are sufficiently given.

This intermediate homogenization mixer 46 can according to the Invention ideas emerged continuously by increasing the discharge rate, e.g. via the Requlierschiebergiied 47, with the output power of the downstream screw feeder mixer 48 conforms or is operated in a purely discontinuous batch operation, if the downstream screw feeder mixer 48 has a buffer and dwell size corresponding to the loading and unloading time of the upstream cone of the homogenization mixer 46 has.

The screw feeder mixer 48 stands on a (shown here) electronic balance with measuring and target value compensator 49 and is able to in Eject one batch size per unit of time in the form of a differential or differential scale. This output rate per unit of time is a function of the mass flow rate (gravimetrically per unit of time). Plastomers, natural or synthetic rubber elastomers are either in block form 51 via a discontinuous pick-up belt weigher with their weighing cells 50 and the associated weighing compensator 50 a per weight size per unit of time and via the supply belt 52 or in the form of Pellets, crumbs or preferably in powdered rubber form stored in the container 53 and about the discharge devices 54 and dosing units 54 a on the two-component small step weighing system 55 or Differential balance applied.

According to the invention, the plastomer or elastomer material is over preplasticizes a horizontally or vertically arranged stuffing or strainer extruder 56. This plug extruder stands on a mechanical or electro-mechanical weighing bridge 57 with weight display and setpoint compensator 58. This e.g. pin or screw (Shearmix) Extruder 56 can be designed according to the inventive concept so that here also injection of the plasticizer components via gravimetric portion detection and a downstream volumetric high-pressure pump 58 or purely volumetric, e.g. via preferred metering pumps or oval gear meters, or as in Fig. 7 under 59 shown, rotary lobe or double spindle pump takes place.

A Rollerdei or profile extrusion head 60 brings the premasticated and pre-plasticized strand 61, preferably in a slit tubular shape (omega-shaped> or into an endless belt profile, which by means of rollers 62 to 65 this belt into a tub or coil-shaped or, as mentioned above, in an omega-shaped hollow body cross-sectional shape 61 converts.

The quantitative ratio of the continuous flow rates of the plastomers or elastomers and the sum of all filler or aggregate components belonging to the masterbat (h, Understood here, carbon black, kaolin, aerosil or the like is a reproducible one Quantity ratio.

By ensuring a gravimetrically determined size of all Additives in one no longer look segregating compact form a rolled or closed strand package 67 ensures that in the downstream plasticizing extruder 68 shown here in the picture in the smallest extrusion section, e.g. 10 mm, all required for the recipe Mixture particles or particles are included.

By using the invention, the extruder length can be substantial are reduced, which results in price and technological advantages and also the kneading energy shear forces are less converted into thermal energy.

An additional advantage is that this extruder 68 is essentially has only one compacting and homogenizing task, which means that the kneading and Extrusion tool can be made simpler in terms of shape, so that in addition to the production engineering and economic advantage at the same time also the surface abrasion wear properties, especially in the case of abrasive mixtures that are heavily filled with soot.

A major advantage is the coating of the aggregate components through the plastomer jacket 57. This results in the sometimes very abrasive additives no longer in contact with the components of the extruder. This will reduce the wear and tear minimized.

Overall, the required drive power drops the shortening of the extruder due to the significantly lower kneading and shearing energy and because the abrasive aggregates are no longer in direct contact with essential extruder parts.

Endless logging takes place after the flexible extrusion of Masterbatch strands. The most diverse forms of logging application are described in more detail later in FIGS. 9 to 14.

With the logging device is a continuously working Yield checkweigher 70 combined. There is also the option of this scale 70 behind the logging 69. According to the invention, the scale is used 70 either for the gravimetric recording of the output of the masterbatch extruder, but can also be used for the extrusion of a semi-finished profile strand, e.g. for a rubber-foam extrusion act as a value meter of the density and thus a statement for an additional Actual value logging as characteristic data recording or also for the determination of value parameters for a further processing.

With this necessary for rubber or rubber processing technology The masterbatch preparation line is completed. It could end up the logging device, unq a batch-off system, i.e.

@ ell, Kiihl Shneid device with e.g. a Wiqwag - @@ apel device Complete the consistent manufacturing process of the masterbatch (basic) mixture.

According to FIG. 6 -configuring- a discontinuously -provided Partial portion, e.g. via transport pallets 71 with wigwag stacked goods, via a corresponding Loading device, the textile or steel cord goods laminated or calendered will.

This process is not described in more detail in FIG For the purpose of a simplified representation aemXn of the inventive concept one on this Position of the load carrier belt scale used 72, their gravimetric statement in combination with the value parameters to be recorded, other physical as well as chemical ones Quality values shown in FIGS. 9 to 14 is.

An automatic readout, e.g. via a reflection light barrier 74 (Fig. 16) or television camera 75 or a permanent magnetic Hall generator readout, is later with a differentiated description of the various logging options explained in more detail.

An essential feature of this invention is the achievement of a perfect, fully automatic and continuous preparation process, after which the deviations of the required physical, chemical and technological Value image of the semi-finished product or end product recorded individually and in optimal form Working sizes are converted and then with the help of the converted, optimal Working variables through the deviations in the value map of the solid and liquid raw materials Correction minimized and / or, at the same time as the semi-finished product produced or End product the specified and the deviating value image is recorded as a carrier so that hereafter according to 79, 7S, 77 with arrowed time loss of the Raw material semi-finished products, understood here as masterbatch mixture, with conveyor belt or other continuous conveyor systems 78 and / or directly behind the Waaoe 72 or preferably with the interposition of a skin cooling device in the stuffing or Feed extruder that is fed into the final mix line shown in FIG. According to the invention, thanks should be given immediately before the feeding, e.g. of the feeding device 79, reading 80 corresponds to the alternatives in FIGS. 15 to 21 the value logging take place. Readout devices are shown in FIGS. 20 to 15 an embossing log 18, 19, 20 and a photoelectric system or television camera for reading out a visually recognizable dashed or wavy line log shown.

The preparation process of the Fina) mix line shown in FIG. 5 is very much identical to the masterbatch line described above (Fig. 4). An essential one The difference is contrary to the basic or described under 40, 51, 52 (A - H) Filler components the rubber auxiliary chemicals shown under 28 (k - q) j which in practical application represent sulfur and accelerators, above but also identical aggregate additives, as they are designated under A - H, but which are essentially limited to raw materials with high levels of active ingredients decisive for a batch improvement correction on the masterbatch line (Fig. 4) are for quality optimization. The idea of the invention presupposes, then of course only recognized, logged and read out batch shortages through additional Weighing can be improved.

This naturally enables the recording of the masterbatch batch sizes rather driven and controlled in underfunding of these amenq-intensive additives. According to the concept of the invention, the addition components are weighed out analogously the masterbatch processing via a small step weighing 83 to 85 and one Setpoint / actual value correction by the tolerance control monitoring.

The fine-grained aggregate components are blended using a homogenization mixer 86, which is aurh vie with masterbatch in the discontinuous or can also be operated in continuous operation.

The mixing and feeding screw 87 stands on a differential or differential scale 88, - 89, also the plasticizing extruder 90 with the features as in Masterbatch closer-r described, according to which a half-pipe or omega-shaped hose 91 is extruded, which is in the form of a stuffed sausage 91 in a reproducible Mixture ratio of surcharges to plastomer and elastomer mass is controllable.

The homogenizing or strand extruder 93 is capable of either to strain a vulcanizable end product or, as shown in Figure 5, the vulcanizable strand or sheet mass via a skin, cooling or cutting system (Batch-off system) 94 by connecting a Wigwag stacking device 95 downstream on transport pallets 71 to load. After the skin or strand extrusion, values are recorded again 97, 98 according to FIGS. 9 to 14 or also according to the concept of the invention At this point, a value logging and / or reading device is used used, the value parameters either when logging in the memory or taken over and preserved on diskette or floppy disk or during the readout process the simple or primitive logging to the Remember parameters of the memory enter, whereby then the entire value parameter for the world processing process the rubber compounds are used.

FIG. 6a shows the logging of a tire carcass in 97a the vulcanization process and FIG. 6b in 98a a photoelectric or by means of Television camera or the like applied interpretation of the logging, according to which the vulcanization, ation temperatures and heating times etc. can be determined (see also Figures 15 to 21).

The logging code can also be found on the inside of the tire casing can be attached, after which, for example, the reference manufacturer in the event of any later complaints Reconstruct the at least batch or other evidence of value parameters in a laboratory can what according to an essential principle of Invention in the event of road or aviation accidents, legally credible circumstantial evidence can be provided based on the positive or negative quality status.

According to a further inventive idea according to Figures 22 and 23, e.g. a thermoplastic plastics processing, the additives of a Mixture in the storage containers A 1 to G 1 99 analogous to the rubber preparation process with downstream dosing '100 and small step weighing 101 and distributed via a subsequent compact homogenizing mixer 103. at exact batch correction and detection of target / actual deviations as well as other types of Parameters important for the preparation process can be determined by means of the process computer technology (Fig. 23) the coloring process of a mixture, e.g. to a brown or a different color Window hollow profile compound 104 or extrusion, can be set fully automatically.

In addition, the idea of the invention also carries a type of embossing or Another type of logging for a strand extrusion, described in more detail later, after which the subsequent processing process is based on the value parameters, e.g.

a polystyrene or PVC thermoformed sheet material. According to The idea of the invention is a color television camera 105 for light or photoelectric Recording of the pigment image shown. One not shown in the drawing Spectral color analysis reveals at the same time the possibly fluctuating, but due to the pigmentation Include the filler size involved, e.g. chalk, in the calculation, so that reproducible color quality values can be achieved according to the concept of the invention are.

A value logging of a finished extrudate wins, for example in importance if the plastic extrudates, e.g. for cables, a ongoing value logging, e.g. for an insulation value statement, also for a reproducible color value control.

The electrical or electronic control, Fig. 23 shows the control and computer expenditure. For the acquisition of the spectral color values the color television camera 105 serves. 10h shows a multiplayer with the measurement and control technology as a converter of the spectral color values, e.g. into electrically measurable waves, voltage, Resistance or frequency quantities. 107 shows the interface. 108 shows this symbolically illustrated software package for the computer 109 as a process computer with an attached Teletype 109 a, i.e. program or protocol writer. 110 shows the logic control the electric scales. 111 shows the general switching control values with a mimic diagram for visual monitoring of the entire process sequence with the possible manual pushbutton control, which step in by manual operation in the event of a malfunction in the fully automatic operation can. t12 shows the electrical power control for all actuators and motors Drives.

Figures 24 to 25 show the combination of two glass preparation lines, where e.g. the cullet recycling material of the line I 113 for e.g. the production from black-and-white television screens or tubes to line II 114 for production from e.g.

Color television screens or other precision glass is used.

According to the inventive concept of the new method, the individual Glass batch fractions, shown here in storage containers I - VIII 115, formed in the form that the storage containers, z, BP per product outlet 116 and associated discharge and metering systems 116 a carry. It is thus shown that all or individual products involved in the recipe in parallel or one after the other the small-step weighing devices 116 to 118 of lines I 113 and II 114 or can be dosed and processed the other way round. The one shown in Figures 24 and 25 Process engineering can take the form of a one- or two-stage (dosing and melting) or preparation process can be viewed, whereby in line I 113, for example, the recycling, sherb or frit material and analogous to process engineering rubber, plastic and paper and the like. Are brought to a value log. In the finishing process on line II 114, after the reading has taken place, the compensation of the impact components , for a reproducible quality for the precision of a mixture for e.g.

the manufacture of a color television picture tube or other precision glass For e.g. X-ray tubes or even for the production of fiberglass cables for the modern news or television transmission technology achieved through automation. However, the process technology according to FIGS. 24 and 25 is essentially the same as mentioned for line II, for the production of black and white and the line II for production of color television screens. Returning to the description according to the subject of the invention line I: Deliver the metering units 116 the promoted Products from the three small step weighing devices 1.1F to 118, where two of these devices 16 and 17, e.g. for portion detection of potash, Soda, quartz sand and a weighing device 118, e.g. to record the additives, Barium carbonate IV and feldspar V are used. The small step weighing 116 to 118 takes place in the same way as it is extensively described in the field of rubber. That the same applies to the subsequent homoenization mixer 120 (132), which the product in a continuous or discontinuously working bulk or difference or. Differential scale 127 via dosing vibratory conveyor tube 126 passes. The feed takes place directly into the melting tank 122.

The ones released by the molding press 123 and the downstream crusher 12 Shards or recycling materials are transported by means of a conveyor 125 (here as Elevator or also shown as a bucket elevator) over lifted and onto the dosing channel 126 given 'so that the Schherdwaaae 127 in the discontinuous or continuous process the mixing ratio between new glass batch aggregate fractions and the recycling material ensures.

A temperature-protected color television camera 128 observes the spectral color value of the melt and is able, as FIGS. 24 and 25 show, the spectral color values via the multiplayer 106, the interface 107 through the software program 108 the computer 109 (process computer) with its memory and a protocol via teletype as an automatically written Listino for system monitoring, a setpoint / actual value compensation of the mix.

The task of the weighing electronics above the cabinet with.

the weighing and target value compensators 110, the monitoring of the entire system takes place at the control room 111, what at the same time in the event of failure an automatic system, the system can be driven manually.

The power control is shown with 112. Line II 114 is absolutely identical to line I.

The dispensers 116 work on the two three-component waaaaen 129 up to 131S e.g. for betholite, red lead, powder etc. and an additional two-component element scales for e.g. an arsenic powder component etc.

The bulk material components are homogenized using mixers 132 and is transferred to the aggregate component weigher 133 in the same way as for line I Tub led.

That. Recycled cullet material, from a crusher or in batch transport provided via the amount or yield control balance line I or the like the scale 137 of the line II on a continuous conveyor, bucket transport 135 and the like and a transport line from line II, e.g. for color television screens on the line I is also the subject of the invention, but not in FIG more shown. The object of the invention consists mainly of the different methods of actual value logging of a string are different Materials such as rubber, semi-finished or finished products, thermoplastics, glass, paper.

FIG. 9 shows an embossing log, in which pneumatic, hydraulic or electric lifting or actuating elements 135 rollers or tappets 139, Lever 140 curl into the extrudate of the pressed or calendered product 141 or press. The marking tracks can be in the form of rolls or webs 142 left ho, low or medium deep pre-nuno, as Figure 14 shows, or also in the form of cams 143 or vibration snakes left behind similar to a record and disc device.

Flaur -10 shows a log of e.g. the rolling up of a Ton- or Magnetophonbanes 114, which is so long self-adhesive with the to be logged Material is connected until the Nachverarbeituflgs process this coding material removed again.

It goes without saying that coding materials with almost identical Quality like the extrudate can be used, which is then used in further processing zeß can thus be distributed and mixed in without a trace.

FIG. 11 shows a streak application device which, in the basic process how a glue plant 145 works in the cardboard industry. A pneumatic, hydraulic or electrical actuator 146 is capable of, e.g., a coding script a Morse code 147 to be applied to the material to be coded.

144 shows a wavy line, the meaning of which is the groove heights and distances and frequency steps, a statement about the value protocol of the respective section Has.

It is also possible instead of the colored light or dark text declaration with the help of the application device a manganese dust mixture in pieces or also to roll up endlessly or to push open. so that as Figure 11 shows, a permanent magnetic charging of this magnetizable coding strip is made possible.

FIG. 13 shows an embodiment of the embossing logging with the Control of a wide variety of signal depths, the actuator 148 die.grundliche Performs a push-in or retraction movement, and the actuator 149 has a central stop value if, for example, the signal depth 142 requires a different information statement.

Figure 19 shows the unwinding or reading device for embossing logging, wherein the joint part 150 is able to create a wavy line through any subsequent deformation of the certificate or that this wavy line through horizontal Change signal statements 151 can have, provided a wave embossing protocol is applied.

FIG. 17 shows an electromagnetic reading head, similar to that in Reverb generator of a tape recorder.

Figure 16 shows a photoelectric selenium cell and lamp, effective Read-out device 152 of e.g.

Morse code-like line logging, which is also a television camera transmission can represent optically.

FIG. 15 shows a readout device 153 in combination with a permanent magnetic, associated with a temporary weak isotopic or radioactive irradiation according to intensity and horizontal scattering angle difference also has logging statements.

Figures 20 and 22 show a scheme of a possibly.

Track coding, based on the readout option, where 1.54 to 154.1 the signal depth, 155 the signal length, 156 the complete thickness of the half or Ready-made raw material strand or plate material and 157 represent the signal pause.

Claims (1)

Method for the continuous control of a mixing process with solid and / or liquid raw materials with continuous recording of the deviations the required physical, chemical and technological values to achieve a semi-finished product and / or end product with specified functional behavior, d ad u r c h g e k e n.n z e i c h n e t that the deviations of the required physical, chemical and technological value profile of the semi-finished product or end product are recorded individually, then saved, converted into optimal working sizes, and then the deviations with the help of the converted optimal work sizes minimized and / or in the value map of the solid and liquid raw materials through correction at the same time as the semi-finished product or end product that is produced and the value image deviating from this is recorded as a carrier.