DE2604225A1 - Fungicides for plant and inanimate organic materials - contg. S-phenyl-carbamoyl-methyl dithio-phosphate and thio-phosphonate derivs. - Google Patents
Fungicides for plant and inanimate organic materials - contg. S-phenyl-carbamoyl-methyl dithio-phosphate and thio-phosphonate derivs.Info
- Publication number
- DE2604225A1 DE2604225A1 DE19762604225 DE2604225A DE2604225A1 DE 2604225 A1 DE2604225 A1 DE 2604225A1 DE 19762604225 DE19762604225 DE 19762604225 DE 2604225 A DE2604225 A DE 2604225A DE 2604225 A1 DE2604225 A1 DE 2604225A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- oc2h5
- alkyl
- och3
- oc4h9
- alkoxy
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000000417 fungicide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 title 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 title 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 title 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910006074 SO2NH2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000000565 sulfonamide group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 43
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004191 (C1-C6) alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004169 (C1-C6) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrogen dioxide Chemical compound O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000006526 (C1-C2) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000006536 (C1-C2)alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004890 (C1-C6) alkylamino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000031888 Mycoses Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical group [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical group [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002538 fungal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 231100000674 Phytotoxicity Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 241000235349 Ascomycota Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000221535 Pucciniales Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000009885 systemic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 3
- 125000006323 alkenyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000003282 alkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000001188 haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 abstract 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 abstract 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 24
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 18
- -1 N, N-dimethylamino Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 241000221785 Erysiphales Species 0.000 description 8
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 8
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 8
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 7
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 240000008067 Cucumis sativus Species 0.000 description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 206010061217 Infestation Diseases 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NAGJZTKCGNOGPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dithiophosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(S)=S NAGJZTKCGNOGPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000010799 Cucumis sativus var sativus Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004495 emulsifiable concentrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000855 fungicidal effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004009 herbicide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 3
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001160 methoxycarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])OC(*)=O 0.000 description 3
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000896246 Golovinomyces cichoracearum Species 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000895 acaricidal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000642 acaricide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000000229 (C1-C4)alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- CDFPXALLOJLBDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dibutylnaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid;sodium Chemical compound [Na].C1=CC=C2C(S(O)(=O)=O)=C(CCCC)C(CCCC)=CC2=C1 CDFPXALLOJLBDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VONWPEXRCLHKRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-n-phenylacetamide Chemical compound ClCC(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 VONWPEXRCLHKRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001480061 Blumeria graminis Species 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000221787 Erysiphe Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000221300 Puccinia Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001246061 Puccinia triticina Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000274 adsorptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- CWERGRDVMFNCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-mercaptoacetic acid Natural products OC(=O)CS CWERGRDVMFNCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940051881 anilide analgesics and antipyretics Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- AWZOLILCOUMRDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N edifenphos Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1SP(=O)(OCC)SC1=CC=CC=C1 AWZOLILCOUMRDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000014103 egg white Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000000969 egg white Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002363 herbicidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052622 kaolinite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001117 oleyl group Polymers [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])/C([H])=C([H])\C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003854 p-chlorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C1Cl 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003018 phosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008262 pumice Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004563 wettable powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
- C07F9/6527—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07F9/6533—Six-membered rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/06—Phosphorus compounds without P—C bonds
- C07F9/22—Amides of acids of phosphorus
- C07F9/24—Esteramides
- C07F9/2404—Esteramides the ester moiety containing a substituent or a structure which is considered as characteristic
- C07F9/2408—Esteramides the ester moiety containing a substituent or a structure which is considered as characteristic of hydroxyalkyl compounds
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Fungizide MittelFungicides
Gegenstand der Erfindung sind fungizide Mittel, die gekennzeichnet sind durch einen wirksamen Gehalt an einer Verbindung der allgemeinen Formel worin R = gleiche oder verschiedene Reste aus der Gruppe H, Halogen, (C1-C4)-Alkyl, (C1-C2)-Halogenalkyl, (C1-C2)-Alkoxy, NO2, CN, SO2CH3, COOCH3, S02NH2, R1 = (C1-C6)-Alkyl, R2 = (C1-C6)-Alkyl, (C1-C6)-Alkoxy, (C1-C6)-Alkylamino, (C3-C6)--Alkenylamino, Di-(C1-C6)-alkylamino R3 = (C1-C2)-Alkyl, (C1-C6)-Alkoxy, mit der Maßgabe, daß R2 und R3 nicht gleichzeitig Alkyl sind, R4= H oder Methyl, X = Sauerstoff oder Schwefel, und n = eine ganze Zahl von 1 - 3 ist.The invention relates to fungicidal agents which are characterized by an effective content of a compound of the general formula where R = identical or different radicals from the group H, halogen, (C1-C4) -alkyl, (C1-C2) -haloalkyl, (C1-C2) -alkoxy, NO2, CN, SO2CH3, COOCH3, SO2NH2, R1 = (C1-C6) -alkyl, R2 = (C1-C6) -alkyl, (C1-C6) -alkoxy, (C1-C6) -alkylamino, (C3-C6) -alkenylamino, di- (C1-C6) -alkylamino R3 = (C1-C2) -alkyl, (C1-C6) -alkoxy, with the proviso that R2 and R3 are not simultaneously alkyl, R4 = H or methyl, X = oxygen or sulfur, and n = a whole Number from 1 to 3 is.
Die Verbindungen der Formel I sind zum Teil bereits Gegenstand der US-PS 3 o57 774, US-PS 3 1o2 o19 und DT-AS 1 122 935 und darin als Insektizide und Akarizide bzw. Herbizide beschrieben. Es ist jedoch neu und überraschend, daß sie auch vorteilhafte fungizide Eigenschaften besitzen.Some of the compounds of the formula I are already the subject matter of US-PS 3,057,774, US-PS 3 1o2 o19 and DT-AS 1 122 935 and therein as insecticides and Acaricides and herbicides are described. It is new and surprising, however, that they also have advantageous fungicidal properties.
Bevorzugte Reste in den Verbindungen der allgemeinen Formel I sind: R = H, F, Cl, Br, (C1-C4)-Alkyl, CF3, NO2, OCH3, R1 = (C1-C4)-Alkyl, R2 = (C1-C4)-Alkyl, (C1-C4)-Alkoxy, (C1-C4)-Alkylamino, N-Allylamino und N,N-Dimethylamino R = (C1-C6)-Alkoxy 3 n = 1 oder 2 Ohne Anspruch auf Vollständigkeit sollen im folgenden einige Pilze genannt werden, gegen die diese Verbindungen wirksam sind: Erysiphe graminis (Weizenmehltau) Erysiphe cichoracearum (Gurkenmehltau) Puccinia triticina (Weizenbraunrost) Piricularia oryzae Die Verbindungen der Formel I werden nach an sich bekannten Methoden hergestellt, die in den weiter vorne genannten Schutzrechten beschrieben sind. Soweit sie darin nicht ausdrücklich ..erwähnt sind, lassen sie sich in analoger Weise unter Verwendung entsprechender Ausgangsstoffe gewinnen. Beispielsweise erhält man sie durch Umsetzung von Verbindungen der Formel II mit Phosphorverbindungen.der Formel III wobei jeweils einer der Reste R4 und R5 Halogen, insbesondere Chlor oder Brom, und der andere die SY-Gruppe bedeutet, in welcher Y Wasserstoff oder ein Metallkation darstellt, gegebenenfalls in Gegenwart eines säurebindenden Mittels.Preferred radicals in the compounds of general formula I are: R = H, F, Cl, Br, (C1-C4) -alkyl, CF3, NO2, OCH3, R1 = (C1-C4) -alkyl, R2 = (C1- C4) -alkyl, (C1-C4) -alkoxy, (C1-C4) -alkylamino, N-allylamino and N, N-dimethylamino R = (C1-C6) -alkoxy 3 n = 1 or 2 Without claiming to be exhaustive In the following some fungi are mentioned against which these compounds are effective: Erysiphe graminis (wheat powdery mildew) Erysiphe cichoracearum (cucumber powdery mildew) Puccinia triticina (wheat brown rust) Piricularia oryzae The compounds of formula I are prepared according to methods known per se, which are mentioned in the above Property rights are described. Unless they are expressly ... mentioned therein, they can be obtained in an analogous manner using appropriate starting materials. For example, they are obtained by reacting compounds of the formula II with phosphorus compounds of the formula III where in each case one of the radicals R4 and R5 is halogen, in particular chlorine or bromine, and the other is the SY group in which Y is hydrogen or a metal cation, optionally in the presence of an acid-binding agent.
Die Thioglykolsäureanilide gemäß Formel ii lassen sich nach literaturbekannten Methoden herstellen. Die Halogenphosphorverbindungen der Formel III sind bekannt und nach üblichen Methoden leicht zugänglich.The thioglycolic acid anilides according to formula ii can be according to the literature Establish methods. The halophosphorus compounds of the formula III are known and easily accessible by conventional methods.
Die Verbindungen der Formel I zeichnen sich durch gute fungizide Eigenschaften aus und können daher besonders zum Schutz von Pflanzen, vor allem in der Landwirtschaft, eingesetzt werden.The compounds of the formula I are distinguished by good fungicidal properties and can therefore be used to protect plants, especially in agriculture, can be used.
Besonders ausgeprägt ist ihre Wirkung gegen Ascomyceten (z. B.Their action against Ascomycetes (e.g.
echten Mehltau und Piricularia) sowie gegen Rostpilze. Da sie über eine gewisse systemische Wirksamkeit verfügen, können durch Behandlung des Saatguts oder des Bodens Pilzkrankheiten an der sich entwickelnden Pflanze unterdrückt werden Andererseits wirken die erfindungsgemäßen Mittel an toten organischen Substraten, so daß sie Substanzen, wie Farben, Öle, Leder, Eiweiß, Papier und Textilien, vor Pilzbefall schützen.powdery mildew and piricularia) as well as against rust fungi. Since they are over A certain systemic effectiveness can be achieved by treating the seed or the soil fungal diseases on the developing plant can be suppressed On the other hand, the agents according to the invention act on dead organic substrates, so that they contain substances such as paints, oils, leather, egg whites, paper and textiles Protect fungal infestation.
Hervorzuheben ist ihre geringe Phytotoxizität. Bei den im Pflanzenschutz üblichen Wirkstoffkonzentrationen treten keinerlei Pflanzenschäden auf.Their low phytotoxicity should be emphasized. For those in crop protection The usual concentrations of active substances do not cause any damage to the plants.
Für die Verwendung im Pflanzenschutz werden die Wirkstoffe der Formel I in Form üblicher Zubereitungen, z. B. als Spritzpulver, Stäubemittel, Emulsionskonzentrate oder Granulate und gegebenenfalls im Gemisch mit weiteren bioziden Wirkstoffen, insbesondere anderen Fungiziden, sowie Insektiziden, Akariziden oder Herbiziden eingesetzt.For use in crop protection, the active ingredients of the formula I in the form of customary preparations, e.g. B. as wettable powders, dusts, emulsion concentrates or granulates and possibly in a mixture with other biocidal active ingredients, in particular other fungicides, as well as insecticides, acaricides or herbicides used.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Mittel enthalten die Wirkstoffe der Formel I im allgemeinen zu 2 - 95 Gew.-%.The agents according to the invention contain the active ingredients of the formula I. generally from 2 to 95% by weight.
Benetzbare Pulver sind in Wasser gleichmäßig dispergierbare Präparate, die neben dem Wirkstoff außer einem Verdünnungs-oder Inertstoff noch Netzmittel, z. B. polyoxäthylierte Alkylphenole, polyoxäthylierte Oleyl- oder Stearylamine, hlkyl-oder Alkylphenyl-sulfonate und Dispergiermittel, z. B. ligninsulfonsaures Natrium, dibutylnaphthalinsulfonsures Natrium oder auch oleylmethyltaurinsaures Natrium enthalten.Wettable powders are preparations that can be uniformly dispersed in water, which in addition to the active ingredient besides a diluent or inert substance also wetting agents, z. B. polyoxyethylated alkylphenols, polyoxyethylated oleyl or stearyl amines, alkyl or alkylphenyl sulfonates and dispersants, e.g. B. ligninsulfonic acid Sodium, sodium dibutylnaphthalenesulfonic acid or oleylmethyltauric acid Contain sodium.
Emulgierbare Konzentrate werden durch Auflösen des Wirkstoffes in einem organischen Lösungsmittel, z. B. Butanol, Cyclohexanon, Dimethylformamid, Xylol oder auch höhersiedenden Aromaten erhalten.Emulsifiable concentrates are made by dissolving the active ingredient in an organic solvent, e.g. B. butanol, cyclohexanone, dimethylformamide, Get xylene or higher-boiling aromatics.
Um in Wasser gute Emulsionen zu erreichen, werden weiterhin Netzmittel aus der obengenannten Reihe zugesetzt.In order to achieve good emulsions in water, wetting agents are still used from the above series added.
Stäubemittel erhält man durch Vermahlen des Wirkstoffes mit fein verteilten, festen Stoffen, z. B. Talkum, natürlichen Tonen, wie Kaolin, Bentonit, Pyrophillit oder Diatomeenerde.Dust is obtained by grinding the active ingredient with finely divided, solid materials, e.g. B. talc, natural clays such as kaolin, bentonite, pyrophillite or diatomaceous earth.
Versprühbare Lösungen,- wie sie vielfach in Sprühdosen gehandelt werden, enthalten den Wirkstoff in einem organischen Lösungsmittel gelöst daneben befindet sich z. B. als Tribmittel ein Gemisch von Fluorchlorkohlenwasserstoffen.Sprayable solutions - as they are often traded in spray cans, contain the active ingredient dissolved in an organic solvent located next to it z. B. a mixture of chlorofluorocarbons as tributants.
Granulate können entweder durch Verdüsen des .Wirkstoffes auf adsorptionsfähiges, granuliertes Inertmaterial hergestellt werden oder durch Aufbringen von irkstoffkonzentraten mittels Klebemitteln, z.B. Polyvinylalkohol, polyacrylsaurem Natrium oder auch Mineralölen auf die Oberfläche von Trägerstoffen, wie Sand, Kaolinite, oder von granuliertem Inertmaterial.Granules can either be sprayed onto adsorptive, granulated inert material can be produced or by applying active ingredient concentrates by means of adhesives, e.g. polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic acid sodium or mineral oils on the surface of carrier materials such as sand, kaolinite, or granulated Inert material.
Auch können geeignete Wirkstoffe in der für die Herstellung von Düngemittelgranalien üblichen Weise, gewünschtenfalls in Mischung mit Düngemitteln, hergestellt ierden. Suitable active ingredients can also be used in the production of fertilizer granules in the usual way, if desired in a mixture with fertilizers.
Die Konzentrationen der Wirkstoffe in den handelsüblichen Formulierungen können verschieden sein.The concentrations of the active ingredients in the commercially available formulations can be different.
In benetzbaren Pulvern variiert die Wirkstoffkonzentration z.B. zwischen etwa 10 % und 95 ,, der Rest besteht aus den oben angegebenen Formulierungszusätzen. Bei emulgierbaren Konzentraten ist die Wirkstoffkonzentration etwa 10 % bis 80 %. Staubförmige Formulierungen enthalten meisten 5 - 20 % an Wirkstoff, verspri;hbare Lösungen etwa 2 - 20 . Bei Granulaten hängt der Wirkstoffgehalt z.T. davon ab, ob die wirksame Verbindung flüssig oder fest vorliegt und welche Granulierhilfsmittel, Füllstoffe usw. verwendet werden.In wettable powders, the active ingredient concentration varies e.g. between about 10% and 95%, the remainder consists of the formulation additives given above. In the case of emulsifiable concentrates, the active ingredient concentration is around 10% to 80%. Dust-like formulations usually contain 5 - 20% active ingredient, which can be sprayed Solutions around 2 - 20. In the case of granules, the active ingredient content depends partly on whether the active compound is liquid or solid and which granulating aids, Fillers, etc. can be used.
im Pflanzenschutz Zur Anwendvngt-.ferden die handelsüblichen Konzentrate gegebenenfalls in üblicher Weise verdünnt, z.B. bei benetzbaren Pulvern und emulgierbaren Konzentraten mittels Wasser. In crop protection, the commercially available concentrates are used if necessary diluted in the usual way, e.g. in the case of wettable powders and emulsifiable powders Concentrates using water.
Staubförmige und granulierte Zubereitungen sowie versprühbare Lösungen werden vor der Anwendung nicht mehr mit weiteren inerten Stoffen verdiinnt, Wäßrige Dispersionen der erfindungsgemäßen Mittel enthalten die Wirkstoffe im allgemeinen in Konzentrationen zwischen o,oo6 bis o,1 Gew.-%. Bei der Anwendung auf toten organischen Substraten im technischen Bereich kann die Wirkstoffkonzentration der fertigen Zubereitungen bis zu 1.o Gew.-% betragen.Dust-like and granulated preparations as well as sprayable solutions are no longer diluted with other inert substances before use, aqueous ones Dispersions of the agents according to the invention generally contain the active ingredients in concentrations between 0.06 to 0.1% by weight. When applying to dead organic Substrates in the technical field can be the concentration of active substances in the finished preparations up to 1.o wt .-%.
HERSTELLUNGSBEISPIELE Allgemeine Vorschrift Zu einer Lösung oder Suspension von 0,10-0,11 Mol eines Ammoniumsalzes einer Phosphorverbindung der Formel (III) (R5 = SNH4) in 200 ml Glykoldimethyläther gibt man bei Raumtemperatur unter Rühren 0,1 Mol eines Chloracetanilids der Formel (II) (R4 = C1).PREPARATION EXAMPLES General instructions For a solution or suspension from 0.10-0.11 mol of an ammonium salt of a phosphorus compound of the formula (III) (R5 = SNH4) in 200 ml of glycol dimethyl ether is added at room temperature with stirring 0.1 mol of a chloroacetanilide of the formula (II) (R4 = C1).
Man rührt ca. 3 - 5 Stunden bei 500C, saugt vom ausgefallenen Salz ab, verdünnt das Filtrat mit ca. 400 ml Benzol, wäscht die organische Phase gründlich mit Wasser und trocknet über Natriumsulfat.The mixture is stirred for about 3-5 hours at 50 ° C. and the precipitated salt is sucked off off, dilute the filtrate with approx. 400 ml of benzene, and wash the organic phase thoroughly with water and dry over sodium sulfate.
Nach dem Abdestillieren des Lösungsmittels hinterbleiben die Verfahrensprodukte als Oele, die zum Teil beim Antreiben kristallisieren.After the solvent has been distilled off, the process products remain as oils, some of which crystallize when driven.
Nach dem oben angegebenen Verfahren wurden die in der folgenden Tabelle zusamnengefaßten Verbindungen der Formel (I) gewonnen, deren Zusammensetzung durch Elementaran;Rlyse bestätigt wurde. Sie sind durch Brechungslndex oder Schmelzpunkt charakterisiert.Following the procedure given above, those in the following table Collected compounds of the formula (I) obtained, their composition by Elementaran; rlyse was confirmed. They are by refractive index or melting point characterized.
Tabelle
Beispiel B: Ein Stäubemittel, das sich zur Anwendung als Unkrautvertilgungsmittel gut eignet, wird erhalten, indem man 10 Gewichtsteile Dithiophosphorsäure-S [N-(4-chlorphenyl)-N-isopropyl-carbamoylmethyl]-O,O-diäthylester als Wirkstoff und 90 Gewichtsteile Talkum als Inertstoff mischt und in einer Schlagmühle zerkleinert.Example B: A dust that can be used as a herbicide well suited, is obtained by adding 10 parts by weight of dithiophosphoric acid S [N- (4-chlorophenyl) -N-isopropyl-carbamoylmethyl] -O, O-diethyl ester mixes as active ingredient and 90 parts by weight of talc as inert and in a hammer mill crushed.
Beispiel C: Ein emulgierbares Konzentrat besteht aus 15 Gewichtsteilen Dithiophosphorsäure-S [N-(4-chlorphenyl)-N-isopropyl-carbamoylmethyl]-O,O-diäthylester, 75 Gewichtsteilen Cyclohexanon als Lösungsmittel und 10 C-ewichtsteilen oxäthyliertes Nonylphenyl (10 AeO) als Emulgator.Example C: An emulsifiable concentrate consists of 15 parts by weight Dithiophosphoric acid S [N- (4-chlorophenyl) -N-isopropyl-carbamoylmethyl] -O, O-diethyl ester, 75 parts by weight of cyclohexanone as solvent and 10 parts by weight of oxethylated Nonylphenyl (10 AeO) as an emulsifier.
Beispiel D: Ein Granulat besteht z.B. aus etwa 2-15 Gewichtsteilen Dithiophosphorsäure-S [N-(4-chlorphenyl)-N-N-isopropyl-carbamoylmethyl]-O,O-diäthylester und inertem Granulatträgermaterial, z.B.Attalpulgit, Bimsgranulat und/oder Quarz sand.Example D: A granulate consists e.g. of about 2-15 parts by weight Dithiophosphoric acid S [N- (4-chlorophenyl) -N-N-isopropyl-carbamoylmethyl] -O, O-diethyl ester and inert granulate carrier material, e.g. total pulgite, pumice granulate and / or quartz sand.
ANWENDUNGSBEISPIELE Beispiel I: Weizenpflanzen wurden im 3-Blattstadium mit Konidien des Weizenmehltaus (Erysiphe gràminis) stark infiziert und in einem Gewächshaus bei 200C und einer relativen Luftfeuchte von 90-95 % aufgestellt. 5 Tage nach Inokulation wurden die Pflanzen mit den in Tabelle I genannten Verbindungen in den llirkstofSkonzenGrationen von 500, 250, 120 und 60 mg/Liter wäßriger Spritzbrühe tropfnaß gespritzt. Der Versuch wurde vierfach angelegt.APPLICATION EXAMPLES Example I: Wheat plants were at the 3-leaf stage heavily infected with conidia of wheat powdery mildew (Erysiphe gràminis) and in one Greenhouse set up at 200C and a relative humidity of 90-95%. 5 Days after inoculation, the plants were treated with the compounds listed in Table I. in the active ingredient concentrations of 500, 250, 120 and 60 mg / liter of aqueous spray liquor sprayed dripping wet. The experiment was carried out four times.
Nach einer Inkubationszeit von 10 Tagen wurden die Pflanzen auf Befall
mit Weizenmehltau untersucht. Der Befallsgrad wurde ausgedrückt in % befallener
Blattfläche bezogen auf unbehandelte, infizierte Kontrollpflanzen (= 100 %).
Tabelle
I:
Tabelle II:
Nach dem Abtrocknen des Wirkstoffbelages wurden die Pflanzen mit Sporen des Weizenbraunrostes (Puccinia triticira) stark inokuliert und fir 24 Stunden in eire Klimakammer mit 100 % realtiver Luftfeuchte und 20°C gestellt. Anschließend kamen die Pflanzen in ein Gewächshaus und wurden hier 14 Tage nach Inokulation auf Befall mit Weizenbraunrost untersucht.After the active substance coating had dried off, the plants became spore of wheat rust (Puccinia triticira) heavily inoculated and for 24 hours in A climatic chamber with 100% relative humidity and 20 ° C is placed. Afterward the plants came into a greenhouse and were here 14 days after inoculation Investigation of brown rust infestation.
Tabelle III:
Nach dem Abtrocknen des Spritzbelages wurden die Pflanzen mit einer Sporensuspension von Piricularia oryzae gleichmäßig besprüht und für 48 Stunden in eine dunkel gehaltene Klimakammer mit 250C und 100 % relativer Luftfeuchte gestellt. Anschließend wurden die Pflanzen in einem Gewächshaus bei 250C und 85 % relativer Luftfeuchte gehalten und 14 Tage nach Inokulation auf Befall mit Piricularia oryzae untersucht. Der Beffalsgrad wurde ausgedrückt in % beffallener Blattfläche bezogen auf unbehandelte, infizierte Kontrollpflanzen (= 100 %).After the spray coating had dried off, the plants were treated with a Spore suspension of Piricularia oryzae sprayed evenly and for 48 hours placed in a dark climate chamber with 250C and 100% relative humidity. The plants were then placed in a greenhouse at 250 ° C. and 85% relative Maintained humidity and 14 days after inoculation for infestation with Piricularia oryzae examined. The degree of Beffals was expressed as a percentage of the infected leaf area on untreated, infected control plants (= 100%).
Tabelle IV
Claims (2)
Priority Applications (39)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19762604225 DE2604225A1 (en) | 1976-02-04 | 1976-02-04 | Fungicides for plant and inanimate organic materials - contg. S-phenyl-carbamoyl-methyl dithio-phosphate and thio-phosphonate derivs. |
NL7700930A NL7700930A (en) | 1976-02-04 | 1977-01-28 | PLANT PROTECTION PRODUCT. |
BG035295A BG27723A3 (en) | 1976-02-04 | 1977-01-31 | Herbicide means |
BG7942073A BG28979A4 (en) | 1976-02-04 | 1977-01-31 | Insecticide means |
BG7742074A BG28980A4 (en) | 1976-02-04 | 1977-01-31 | Nematocide means |
EG58/77A EG12788A (en) | 1976-02-04 | 1977-02-01 | Pesticidal agents |
TR19568A TR19568A (en) | 1976-02-04 | 1977-02-01 | HARMFUL HERBS AND MUSHROOMS OELDUERUECUE (HERBISID AND FUNGISID) SUBSTANCES |
US05/764,995 US4140774A (en) | 1976-02-04 | 1977-02-02 | Method of combating nematodes using S-(amidocarbonyl)-methyl-O-alkyl-mono(di)thiophosphoric acid ester amides |
RO7789255A RO70320A (en) | 1976-02-04 | 1977-02-02 | PROCESS FOR OBTAINING COMPOUNDS OF THIOPHOSPHORIC ACID |
NZ183238A NZ183238A (en) | 1976-02-04 | 1977-02-02 | Organophosphorus amides and herbicidal,insecticidal,acaricidal and nematocidal compositions |
AT64177A AT355860B (en) | 1976-02-04 | 1977-02-02 | PEST CONTROL |
LU76690A LU76690A1 (en) | 1976-02-04 | 1977-02-02 | |
CH125277A CH631721A5 (en) | 1976-02-04 | 1977-02-02 | Pesticides. |
FI770368A FI770368A (en) | 1976-02-04 | 1977-02-02 | |
PH19410A PH12483A (en) | 1976-02-04 | 1977-02-02 | Pesticidal thionophosphonic acid amides |
IL51372A IL51372A (en) | 1976-02-04 | 1977-02-02 | (di)-thiophosphoric acid n-arylcarbamoyl ester process fortheir preparation and insecticidal acaricidal nematocidal and herbicidal compositons comprising them |
BR7700642A BR7700642A (en) | 1976-02-04 | 1977-02-02 | FUNGIZIDE MITTEL |
IT19896/77A IT1078001B (en) | 1976-02-04 | 1977-02-02 | PRODUCTS FOR THE PROTECTION OF PLANTS |
DD7700197194A DD129105A5 (en) | 1976-02-04 | 1977-02-02 | PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF NEW THIOPHOSPHATES |
GB4194/77A GB1565894A (en) | 1976-02-04 | 1977-02-02 | Pesticidal organic phosphorus compounds processes for their preparation and compositions containing them |
CA271,007A CA1088065A (en) | 1976-02-04 | 1977-02-03 | Pesticidal agents |
JP52010342A JPS6013039B2 (en) | 1976-02-04 | 1977-02-03 | plant protection agent |
IE226/77A IE44595B1 (en) | 1976-02-04 | 1977-02-03 | Pesticidal organic phosphorus compounds, processes for theior preparation and compositions containing them |
YU00284/77A YU28477A (en) | 1976-02-04 | 1977-02-03 | Process for preparing thiophosphoric acid derivatives |
DK45977A DK149346C (en) | 1976-02-04 | 1977-02-03 | COMPOUNDS FOR USE IN HERBICIDES, INSECTICIDES, ACARICIDES AND NEMATODICIDES FOR PLANT PROTECTION AND OTHER TECHNICAL PURPOSES AND USE OF THE COMPOUNDS |
FR7702989A FR2340324A1 (en) | 1976-02-04 | 1977-02-03 | ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS AND PESTICIDAL PRODUCTS WHICH CONTAIN IT |
PT66151A PT66151B (en) | 1976-02-04 | 1977-02-03 | PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF PHOSPHOROUS ORGANIC COMPOUNDS AND ACARICIDAL AND NEMATICIDE INSECTICIDAL HERBICIDE COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING THE SAME |
ZA770604A ZA77604B (en) | 1976-02-04 | 1977-02-03 | Pesticidal agents |
GR52705A GR70331B (en) | 1976-02-04 | 1977-02-03 | |
AU21907/77A AU506483B2 (en) | 1976-02-04 | 1977-02-03 | Thiophosphate derivatives |
OA56060A OA05558A (en) | 1976-02-04 | 1977-02-04 | Organophosphorus compounds and pesticide products which contain them. |
BE174697A BE851126A (en) | 1976-02-04 | 1977-02-04 | ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS AND PESTICIDAL PRODUCTS WHICH CONTAIN IT |
CS77752A CS199286B2 (en) | 1976-02-04 | 1977-02-04 | Fungicides,insecticides,acaricides,nematocides and herbicides and method of producing active compounds |
SE7701260A SE427663B (en) | 1976-02-04 | 1977-02-04 | PHOSPHORIC ACID EERAMIDS FOR USE AS A PROTECTIVE AGENT |
MX775415U MX4478E (en) | 1976-02-04 | 1977-02-04 | IMPROVED PROCEDURE FOR OBTAINING ACETANILIDOTIOFOSFATO DERIVATIVES |
AR266430A AR219488A1 (en) | 1976-02-04 | 1977-02-08 | NEW DERIVATIVES OF N-PHENYL-N-ALKYL CARBAMOYL METHYLLITHIUM OR DITIOPHOSPHATES, USEFUL FOR PURPOSES PHYTOSANITE RIVERS, COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING THEM AND PROCEDURE FOR PREPARING THEM |
KE3127A KE3127A (en) | 1976-02-04 | 1981-05-06 | Pesticidal organic phosphorus compounds,process for their preparation and compositions containing theim |
YU01899/82A YU189982A (en) | 1976-02-04 | 1982-08-24 | Process for obtaining derivatives of thiophsphoric acid |
MY6/82A MY8200006A (en) | 1976-02-04 | 1982-12-30 | Pesticidal organic phosphorus compounds processes for their preparation and compositions containing them |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19762604225 DE2604225A1 (en) | 1976-02-04 | 1976-02-04 | Fungicides for plant and inanimate organic materials - contg. S-phenyl-carbamoyl-methyl dithio-phosphate and thio-phosphonate derivs. |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE2604225A1 true DE2604225A1 (en) | 1977-08-11 |
Family
ID=5969008
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE19762604225 Pending DE2604225A1 (en) | 1976-02-04 | 1976-02-04 | Fungicides for plant and inanimate organic materials - contg. S-phenyl-carbamoyl-methyl dithio-phosphate and thio-phosphonate derivs. |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
BE (1) | BE851126A (en) |
DE (1) | DE2604225A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA77604B (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102260287A (en) * | 2010-05-31 | 2011-11-30 | 中国中化股份有限公司 | Preparation method of herbicide anilofos |
CN113698430A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2021-11-26 | 潍坊新绿化工有限公司 | Preparation method of herbicide anilofos |
-
1976
- 1976-02-04 DE DE19762604225 patent/DE2604225A1/en active Pending
-
1977
- 1977-02-03 ZA ZA770604A patent/ZA77604B/en unknown
- 1977-02-04 BE BE174697A patent/BE851126A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102260287A (en) * | 2010-05-31 | 2011-11-30 | 中国中化股份有限公司 | Preparation method of herbicide anilofos |
CN102260287B (en) * | 2010-05-31 | 2014-07-09 | 中国中化股份有限公司 | Preparation method of herbicide anilofos |
CN113698430A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2021-11-26 | 潍坊新绿化工有限公司 | Preparation method of herbicide anilofos |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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BE851126A (en) | 1977-08-04 |
ZA77604B (en) | 1977-12-28 |
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