DE2552753A1 - Heat pump and refrigeration system - uses additional sources which include sub-soil water and deep water source - Google Patents

Abstract

A central heating system uses a heat pump and a refrigeration circuit with a compressor, evaporator and condenser for circulating a refrigerating medium combined with an accumulating and generating system which uses a combination of air temperature, water flow, the temperature of the ground underneath and around the site, the water contained within this region, and water pumped up from a much greater depth, and their temperature. These can be used in a closed or part closed hydraulic circuit which can be connected to the heat pump by an exchanger located at the outlet of the evaporator. The temperature and flow of water to this exchanger can be controlled in accordance with its temperature. The speed of rotation of the compressor can be controlled in accordance with the state of the refrigerating fluid at the outlet of the condenser.

Description

DIPL-ING. HORST ROSE DIPL.-ING. PETER KOSEL PATENT LAWYERS

3353 Bad Gandersheim, November 24, 1975

P.O. Box 129

Hohenhölen 5

Telephone: (05382) 2842

Telegram address: Siedpatent Badgandershslm

Our file no. 2506/57

MESSIER

Patent application, dated November 24th. 1975

'. MESSIER

38, Avenue Pierre ler de Serbie 75008 Paris / FRANCE

Method and arrangement for heating using a heat pump

The present invention relates to a heating method using a heat pump, and it also relates to an arrangement for carrying out such a heating process.

Heating arrangements with so-called heat pumps are known. Here, a refrigeration compressor pumps a refrigerant fluid the coolant then flows into a condenser « liquid through an evaporator before returning to the compressor. The liquid used for space heating flows from the radiators to the condenser before returning to the radiators. The vaporizer receives the for Evaporation required amount of heat by cooling a heat source, which is either the outside air, the ventilation air, water or the ground, i.e. a geothermal one Heat source, can be.

In the case of the known heating arrangements of this type, the heat pump has been examined in detail in theory, but the environment in which such a system has to work has never been carefully considered, i.e. the transition from the heat source by using the deepest bank account: North Germans Landesbank, branch " Bad Gandersheim, account no. 22.118.970 Postal checking account: Hannover 66715

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Temperature of the system to be combined with water, air, the soil as well as those resulting from the conversion thermal "waste products" a producer store to accomplish.

The present invention is therefore based on the objective of creating a method or an arrangement of the type mentioned, which uses such a generator memory, which is formed by a set of natural elements and in an arrangement of the heat pump type as a heat source can serve for the card carrier liquid.

According to the invention, this is achieved by the measures specified in claim 1. According to the invention can For example, the chain-like co-operation of the following elements serve as a heat source, which individually or can be used in combination; The ambient air and its water content; the water temperature in shallow soil layers; the amount of heat in the near-surface layers of the earth during warm or sunlit periods is saved; and finally

the thermal energy of the drive elements used in the system, ie the "waste heat ¹¹ that is not converted into mechanical energy".

It can be seen that this set of elements is independent of the external atmospheric conditions can be used to great advantage.

With such a heating arrangement, the combination of the natural ones is achieved in an advantageous manner Elements and the drive elements, which combination forms the generator storage, with the help of a hydraulic Circuit, which is coupled to the heat pump via a heat exchanger, the latter on the downstream side of the Expansion valve of this heat pump is arranged.

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According to a first embodiment of the invention, this hydraulic circuit essentially the following components: A pump, which sucks the water from a shallow ground well and it pumps into the heat exchanger, which is arranged on the downstream side of the expansion valve of the heat pump, and by means of two parallel circuits, one of which is direct and the other for cooling the motor-compressor group serves, with at least one line is buried in the shallow soil and serves to keep the water from To feed the outlet of the heat exchanger to a fountain and / or a septic tank, and also to the water of the fountain collecting basin, which has an overflow leading to the septic tank, so that the Water diverted into the septic tank can flow back to the well, assuming the soil temperature.

The water from the well circulates in numerous pipes made of thermally conductive material, that is usually made of steel or a steel alloy, as well as in said heat exchanger and in the cooling system of Drive elements of the heat pump.

As is well known, this water, which comes from relatively shallow phreatic layers, mostly contains numerous minerals in dissolved form, namely in the form of hydroxides, carbonates, sulfates ... various chemical substances (cations), including a relatively high proportion of iron in the form of soluble compounds (Iron salts). In use it has been shown that this iron-containing water is highly corrosive to the steel pipes worked, which made it necessary in experiments, especially the heat exchangers, which are particularly expensive to be changed quite often.

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Considerations have therefore been made to avoid these disadvantages by using chemical processes, to remove the iron compounds from the water, but the high costs of suitable devices and their complex structure make them suitable for a heating arrangement The type mentioned at the beginning is largely unsuitable, which of course makes its use within the scope of the invention in special cases does not exclude.

The invention therefore also seeks to avoid or avoid these disadvantages described above in any case largely to be avoided, while largely maintaining the advantageous described above Measures.

Surprisingly, this is achieved by simple modification or reversal in the order of use of the natural elements that make up the aforementioned producer store.

To do this, according to the invention, one proceeds in such a way that the natural elements mentioned are combined hydraulic circuit is provided, which has at least one well, which for example by means of a pump feeds a fountain, which pours into a basin that is used to draw off the under the action of the Fountain precipitated substances is formed, e.g. by decanting, floating and / or filtering, furthermore a heat exchanger arranged on the downstream side of the expansion valve, wherein the fountain is fed directly or indirectly with the water of the well, while the said heat exchanger with filirated or decanted water is fed from the pool. It has been shown in a surprising way that it is possible with the help of a fountain, in particular the various iron substances dissolved in the water To bring about precipitates or flocculations. This is attributed to the physical and chemical changes during this process, i.e. on the cooling, the pressure

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Mud and, above all, oxidation in the form of iron hydroxide. These iron substances can then be separated out, e.g. by floating or decanting in the Basin, as the particles precipitated in this way have a higher species weight than the water, or they hold on to air bubbles and thereby float up. The invention thus exploits this phenomenon in order to achieve that in the heat exchangers etc. only circulates water, which is largely de-icing.

In particular, one proceeds with great advantage so that the hydraulic circuit to which the filtered and / or decanted water can be supplied from the basin, has a pump which pumps this water to this heat exchanger by means of two parallel circles, one of which is direct and the other is used to cool the motor-compressor group of the heat pump, the control devices for regulating the flow rate and the temperature of the heat exchanger supplied to both circuits Have water as a function of the temperature of the water emerging from this heat exchanger, and further a conduit for supplying the water exiting this heat exchanger to a second fountain and / or a septic tank, so that the water diverted into the septic tank assuming the soil temperature for Well can flow back.

The line connecting the basin to said pump can be buried so that the water the temperature of relatively little deeper soil layers can assume. This line can also be in thermal communication with the Water pumped from the fountain stand on the upstream side of the fountain, or with the water in the fountain self.

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Further details and advantageous developments of the invention emerge from those described below and shown in the drawing, in none Embodiments to be understood as a restriction of the invention, as well as from the remaining subclaims It shows

1 shows a schematic representation of a heating arrangement according to the invention,

Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of a second Heating arrangement according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 1 shows a heating arrangement for heating rooms. This has a heat pump, which is used to take heat (calories) from a heat source and transfer it to a To transfer heat transfer fluid and then use this to supply the heat to the rooms to be heated.

This heat pump can usually be a motor-compressor group 1 (hereinafter abbreviated as MK group 1), which the cooling liquid to a capacitor 2 supplies which heat transfers to a central heating circuit 3 by means of a heat exchanger 4. The speed the motors of MK group 1 is controlled by a controller 5 ' regulated, depending on the state of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the condenser 2. This state is by means of a sensor member 5 is detected. MK group 1 can ζ..B. be driven by an adjustable speed electric motor or by an internal combustion engine, whose Cooling water circulates in the manner described below.

From the output of the capacitor 2 comes the. condensed cooling liquid to a second heat exchanger 6, in which it gives off more heat, and it then comes into a water separator or dehumidifier 7 and then into a Pressure reducing or relaxation valve 8, after which the liquid evaporates after passing through it and thereby in one

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Heat exchanger 9 absorbs heat, from a generator-storage group, which serves as a heat source. The gas from the heat exchanger 9 is then superheated in the heat exchanger 6, optionally dried and then the MK group 1 supplied.

This circle can advantageously be between the dehumidifier 7 and the member 8 can be provided with a liquid sight glass 10 and a solenoid valve 11.

A heating fluid flows in the central heating circuit 3, driven by a feed pump 17. Your flow rate and thus also their temperature and their amount of heat can be supplied to the input and output of the heat exchanger 4 be controlled, on the one hand by means of two slides 12, 13 connected in series and one in parallel switched valve 14, and on the other hand by means of a three-way valve 15 (return admixture), which is operated by a Temperature sensor 16 is controlled, which detects a suitable temperature, for example that in one of the to be heated Spaces. As shown, the pump 17 is located between the slides 13 and 15.

As already mentioned, the totality of the natural producer-storage unit consists of one Series circuit arrangement, which in combination contains the ambient air, the water in relatively little below the Earth layers lying on the earth's surface and / or the layers lying close to the earth's surface, and finally the motors used in the heating system, at least insofar as they emit usable amounts of heat.

The combination of these elements, which form the heat source of the heat pump, is achieved by means of a hydraulic circuit that works as a closed or semi-closed loop and which includes these elements binds together, so to speak, and thus makes it usable as a whole.

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This hydraulic circuit has a suction circuit for drawing in water from a relatively shallow depth Floor well 19 to which a pump 20 is connected.

This pump 20 leads the water, which has the temperature of the ground, on the one hand to the inlet of the heat exchanger 9 to, on the other hand the input of a cooling circuit 21 of HK group 1. The output of this Küblkreises 21 is with the Input of the heat exchanger 9 connected, so that the temperature and the amount of heat drawn from the water to the input of the heat exchanger 9, a function is of

a) the proportion of water that is sent directly from the pump 20 to the Heat exchanger 9 flows and

b) the proportion of heated water that flows to heat exchanger 9 via the cooling circuit for MK group 1.

This amount of heat can be adjusted by providing motorized control spools 22 and 23. Of the As shown, the slide 22 is on the outflow side of the pump 20 and between the inlet and outlet of the cooling circuit 21 arranged, so it makes it possible to bridge this completely, partially or not at all, and the slide 23 is as Three-way slide valve, arranged directly at the outlet of the pump and with its third outlet, to bridge this partially. Both slides 22 and 23 can be operated as shown by a common servomotor, which in turn is operated by a temperature sensor 24 is controlled, which sensor detects the water temperature at the outlet of the heat exchanger 9.

The water from the heat exchanger 9 then flows through a line 25 which is buried at a relatively shallow depth in the ground and it can absorb part of the amount of heat that e.g. during periods of solar radiation

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has been stored in the ground. .

This line 25 leads to a three-way slide valve 26 which, as shown, is connected on the one hand to the water jet of a fountain 27 which is arranged in a basin and which on the other hand is connected to a septic tank 29. It should be pointed out that the heat exchange between the water in the line 25 and the ground can be influenced by arranging a second, for example serpentine, line 31 parallel to the line 25 , namely in a deeper soil layer, which is therefore used in the colder season is warmer, the flow through the lines 25 and 31 can be controlled by a motor-driven three-way slide valve 32, the latter being controlled by a temperature sensor 33 which detects the temperature of the outside air in the vicinity of the rooms to be heated.

The slide 26 is also driven by a motor and is also controlled by the temperature sensor 33.

The water sprayed up by the fountain 27 falls back into the basin 28 in the form of drops and runs through an overflow 34 into the septic tank 29.

It should be noted that if the outside air has a high moisture content, in the area of the fountain jet, which is dissolved in the form of drops, condensation occurs, which leads to an increase in the im Basin 28 trapped water volume leads, so that this volume is greater than that given off by the fountain 27 Water volume.

This increase in the amount of water collected is therefore a by-product that should not be underestimated especially in arid areas or during dry periods.

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Of course, the water diverted into the septic tank 29 flows back to the well 19, and although via a path in the course of which it takes on the temperature of the ground again. From well 19 it will be then pumped back into the circulation. The excess water obtained by the condensation phenomenon described above can also be taken out and others Uses are supplied.

It should be pointed out that the control system, which is formed by the three-way slide valve 23, the slide valve 22 and the temperature sensor 24, makes it possible, by metering the mixture of water coming directly from the pump 20 with water coming from the cooling circuit 21, as well as through Adjustment of the total water flow rate at the inlet of the heat exchanger 9, to keep the temperature at the outlet of the heat exchanger 9 at a critical temperature t, which can be, for example, less than or equal to 2 ° C.

It is thus clear that this preferred control system is a function of the pressure at the inlet of the evaporator, and therefore in cooperation with the speed control of the MK group 1 and consequently the entirety of the Heat pump is working. Likewise, a change in the temperature in the consumer circuit has a change in pressure on the Outlet of the capacitor and consequently causes a change in the speed of the MK group 1. So it is It can be clearly seen that the entirety of the heating arrangement is optimally adapted to any change in one or the other several of its parameters respond.

Such a control, together with the recovery of thermal energy from the various sources and the by-products of the heating system, makes it possible to increase the overall energetic efficiency of the arrangement by approx. 50% , based on a conventional heating arrangement which uses a heat pump.

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If, for example, the total energy that is used for heating of the rooms to be heated the heat pump has to run through, estimates at 24,000 kcal / h, is a third of this energy required for the mechanical energy demand, and the other two thirds correspond to the heat that is in the is exchanged in different cycles.

When the water from the well 19 has 8 ° C, the pump 20 can be designed for a flow rate of 3m / h. The critical temperature at the outlet of the heat exchanger 9 is to specify, for example, 2 ⁰ C, and one can make the water return through the three-way slider 23 to zero.

The amount of water that flows through the slide 22 is then 1.2 m / h at a temperature of 8 ° C.

The amount of water in the cooling circuit 21 is 1.8 m / h and its outlet temperature is about 11.5 ° Cr

A quantity of water of 3 m / h and at a temperature of approx. 10 ° C. therefore flows to the heat exchanger 9.

The pressure of the pump 20 is approximately 2 bar effective and acts in its entirety on the fountain 27 (the three-way valve 26 is closed towards the bottom).

When the ambient temperature is 15 ° C, one obtains due to the above-described effect with a hygrometric humidity of the surrounding air of 60 to 70% about 6 g

• 5
Water per m of water sprayed.

Fig. 2 shows a second, preferred embodiment of the invention. There, of the heat pump 41 used (which can correspond to that of FIG. 1), only the two main heat exchangers are shown, namely the heat exchanger 45 at the outlet of the expansion valve and the heat exchanger 44 at the outlet of the condenser. Furthermore, the cooling circuit 61 of the MK group 42 of this heat pump is shown. In short, this heat pump 41 can be a motor-compressor group 42 in the usual way

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(in the following: MK- * Group 42), which is the coolant a condenser which gives off heat to a heating circuit 43 via a heat exchanger 44. At the exit the condenser, the cooling liquid is optionally cooled and a relief valve (see. 8 in Fig. 1) fed, which the heat exchanger 45 is connected downstream, where the cooling liquid heat from the water of a hydraulic circuit, which latter different natural elements combined to form a producer store that acts as a heat source for the Heat pump 41 is used. The gas from the heat exchanger 45 is possibly overheated and fed to the MK group 42.

As with the system according to FIG. 1, the flow rate in the central heating circuit can be 4-3 - and consequently also the temperature and amount of heat of the liquid circulating there - at the inlet and outlet of the heat exchanger 44 can be set. This is possible on the one hand by means of two slides 46, 47 and one connected in series slide 48 parallel to this, on the other hand by means of a three-way slide 49 (return admixture), which is controlled by a temperature sensor 50, which can e.g. be arranged in one of the rooms to be heated. A circulation pump 51 is also provided.

The hydraulic circuit assigned in the heat exchanger 45 has a suction line 52 which is used by means of a 54 V / water pump from a shallow well 53 suck in.

The pump 54 leads this water, which has the temperature of the ground, to a fountain 55, which is in a basin 56 pours out. As previously mentioned, the water exiting the nozzle 55 experiences physical and chemical changes, e.g. a cooling, a relaxation and an oxidation, whereby the originally The iron substances dissolved in it are precipitated and flocculated

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will. The water, which is distributed in fine droplets, whose volume is due to condensation in the surrounding air Moisture contained is possibly increased, falls together with the precipitates in the basin 56. This Precipitations, the species weight of which is greater than that of the water, settle on the bottom of the basin 56, so that it is possible to take off the de-iced water at the overflow 57.

The water from the overflow 57 is sucked in by a pump 58 via a buried pipe 59, in which it assumes the temperature of the soil, or possibly also the temperature of the water in the well 53 * the latter by heat exchange with the delivery line of the pump (block 60), or also directly with the water of the well, so this water itself. In the latter case, the Line 59 as a snake or the like. be trained that directly immersed in the cool well water.

On the one hand, the water from the line 59 is fed directly to the inlet of the heat exchanger 45 by the pump, on the other hand the inlet of a cooling circuit 61 for the MK group 42. The outlet of this cooling circuit 61 is in turn also connected to the inlet of the heat exchanger, so that temperature and amount of heat, which through the water are fed to the inlet of the heat exchanger 45, are a function of the respective proportion, that is on the one hand a function of the amount of water directly from the line 59 and on the other hand a function of the respective - heated - amount of water from cooling circuit 61 of MK group 42.

As in the first embodiment, this flow rate can be set or regulated by means of a slide 62 and a motor-controlled three-way slide 63 controlled by a temperature sensor 64 will.

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The water from the heat exchanger 45 is then directed into the ground, either directly by means of a Septic tank 66 or a second fountain similar to the first fountain 55 shown. so to further increase the amount of water that is recovered from the surrounding air by condensation, whereby a temperature or humidity-dependent switchover can be provided.

Godfather walte Dipl.-Inj. Horst Rose Oipl.-Infl. Peter Kosel

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Claims (11)

DfPL-ING. HORST ROSE DIPL-ING. PETER KOSEL PATENT LAWYERS 3353 Bad Gandersheim, November 24, 1975 P.O. Box 129 Hohenhöfen 5 Telephone: (05382) 28 « Telegram address: Siedpatent Badgandershelm Our file no. 2506/57 MESSIER Patent application dated November 24, 1975 Claims N
, 1 * j heating method, characterized in that as a heat source a heat pump, i.e. a heating system with a compressor that pumps a coolant fluid into a condenser, which in turn passes through an evaporator before returning to this compressor, uses a generator memory which is made up of a set of natural elements, such as e.g. the ambient air and its water content, the Water in the shallow soil, the layers of earth lying close to the surface, as well as the drive organs of the system with regard to that thermal energy which was not converted into mechanical energy by these organs. 2. Heating arrangement for performing the method according to claim 1, characterized in that it is a heat pump which supplies thermal energy for a consumer circuit and absorbs thermal energy from a heat source, which the latter is formed by a producer memory, which is formed from a set of natural elements. 3. Heating arrangement according to claim 2, characterized in that that said generator store is formed by the ambient air and / or the water a little deeper soil layers and / or the layers of earth lying close to the surface, and finally the drive elements used in the heating arrangement. Ra / Rg. Bank account: Norddeutsche Landesbank, Bad Gandersheim branch, account no. 22.118.970 Postal checking account: Hannover 66715 609823/0698 4. Heating arrangement according to claim 2 or 3, characterized characterized in that a closed or semi-closed to combine the elements mentioned hydraulic circuit is provided, and that this circuit with the heat pump via a heat exchanger is coupled, which is arranged on the downstream side of the expansion valve. 5. Heating arrangement according to claim 4, characterized in that the flow rate and temperature of the water at the inlet of said heat exchanger can be regulated as a function of the temperature at the outlet of this heat exchanger. 6. Heating arrangement according to at least one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the speed of the Compressor can be regulated as a function of the state of the refrigerant at the outlet of the condenser. 7. Heating arrangement according to at least one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that said hydraulic circuit essentially comprises the following components: A pump that sucks the water from a shallow ground well and pumps it into the heat exchanger, which is arranged on the downstream side of the expansion valve of the heat pump, namely by means of two parallel circuits, one of which is direct and the other is used to cool the motor-compressor group, which two circuits for regulating the flow rate and the temperature of the heat exchanger supplied Water are designed as a function of the temperature of the water leaving this heat exchanger, furthermore two pipes of different lengths, arranged in parallel and buried in the shallow soil for feeding of the water coming from the heat exchanger to a three-way slide valve (26) which connects to a fountain and / or a septic tank allows the flow rate These two lines and the three-way slide valve can be controlled as a function of the outside ambient temperature 609823/06 ^ * 6 (33) is, and finally a the water of the fountain (27) collecting basin, which has an overflow leading to the septic tank (29), so that the water diverted into the septic tank (29) can flow back to the well (19) assuming the soil temperature. 8. Heating arrangement according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a hydraulic circuit is provided for combining the said natural elements, which has at least one well which feeds a fountain, for example by means of a pump, which pours into a basin, which is designed to remove the substances precipitated under the action of the fountain, e.g. by decanting, floating and / or filtering, furthermore a heat exchanger arranged on the downstream side of the expansion valve, to which filtered and / or decanted water can be fed from the basin and finally, if necessary a seepage basin (66) to which the water coming from the heat exchanger (45) can be fed in order to facilitate its return to the well (53). 9. Heating arrangement according to claim 8y. characterized, that the hydraulic circuit, which the filtered and / or decanted water from the basin can be fed, has a pump (58) which pumps this water to this heat exchanger (45) by means of two parallel circles, one of which (62) is direct and the other (61) for cooling the motor-compressor group (42) the heat pump (41) is used, the two circuits regulating devices (64,63) for regulating the Flow rate and the temperature of the water fed to the heat exchanger (45) as a function of the temperature of the water emerging from this heat exchanger, and also a line for supplying the water from this heat exchanger escaping water to a second fountain and / or septic tank 609823/0698 10. Heating arrangement according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the fed with purified water Line (59) on the inflow side of the heat exchanger (45) runs at least partially in the ground, about a transition of the warmth in the relatively shallow depths Layers of soil to allow water in this pipe. 11. Heating arrangement according to at least one of the claims 8 to 10, characterized in that on the inflow side of said heat exchanger (45) with The line fed by the purified water is in heat exchange connection with the line pumped from the well (53) Water on the upstream side of the fountain, or with the water in the fountain (53) itself. Patent Attorneys Dip! .-! Ng. Horst Rose DipL-lng. Peter Kosel 609823/0698 Blank page