DE2219856B2 - Process for the production of sintered forged workpieces forged in one operation - Google Patents
Process for the production of sintered forged workpieces forged in one operationInfo
- Publication number
- DE2219856B2 DE2219856B2 DE2219856A DE2219856A DE2219856B2 DE 2219856 B2 DE2219856 B2 DE 2219856B2 DE 2219856 A DE2219856 A DE 2219856A DE 2219856 A DE2219856 A DE 2219856A DE 2219856 B2 DE2219856 B2 DE 2219856B2
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- die
- forged
- lower die
- central
- sintered
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/28—Making machine elements wheels; discs
- B21K1/30—Making machine elements wheels; discs with gear-teeth
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/17—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by forging
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
- B22F5/08—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of toothed articles, e.g. gear wheels; of cam discs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49462—Gear making
- Y10T29/49467—Gear shaping
- Y10T29/49474—Die-press shaping
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49462—Gear making
- Y10T29/49467—Gear shaping
- Y10T29/4948—Gear shaping with specific gear material
Description
hohlraum eingeschoben wird. 40 Dadurch, daß das Material erst beim Schmiedencavity is inserted. 40 Because the material is not used until forging
aus dem mittleren Bereich des Vorpreßkörpers vollständig in den äußeren Bereich des Gesenks verdrängt wird, verursacht durch einen bislang nicht fürcompletely displaced from the central region of the pre-press body into the outer region of the die is caused by one so far not for
denkbar gehaltenen Umformungsgrad, ist es gelun-conceivable degree of deformation, it is
45 gen, fertige Kegelzahnräder mit sehr hoher Dichte und verbesserter Zähigkeit zu erzeugen. Durch den hohen Umformungsgrad des Vorformlings wird die45 gen, finished bevel gears with a very high density and to produce improved toughness. Due to the high degree of deformation of the preform, the
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstel- Ausbildung von Bereichen geringerer Dichte vermielung
von in einem Arbeitsgang geschmiedeten Sinter- den. Dies gilt insbesondere für die inneren Bereiche
Schmiedewerkstücken, bei welchem ein gesinterter 50 des Schmiedestückes in der Nähe der Axialbohrung.
Vorpreßkörper mit zylindrischem Vollquerschnitt in Gleichzeitig wird nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Vereinem
Schmiedegesenk, dessen Hohlform quer zur fahren durch den starken Materialfluß eine gleichmä-Schmiederichtung
größer ist als der Querschnitt des ßige Druckverteilung im Gesenk erzielt, so daß Stoß-Vorpreßkörpers,
derart stark unter Stauchen ver- bzw. Schlagspitzen abgebaut werden. Die Standzeit
formt wird, daß es dabei zu einem Fließen des gesin- 55 des Gesenks ist demzufolge hoch,
teilen Vorpreßkörpers kommt. Zur Überraschung der Fachwelt haben die Unter-The invention relates to a method for the production of areas of lower density by coating of sintered areas forged in one operation. This applies in particular to the inner areas of forging workpieces, in which a sintered 50 of the forging is in the vicinity of the axial bore. Pre-press body with a cylindrical full cross-section in At the same time, according to the inventive forging die, the hollow shape of which is a uniform forging direction greater than the cross-section of the pressure distribution in the die at right angles to the drive due to the strong material flow, so that impact pre-press body is so strongly compressed under compression. or impact peaks are reduced. The tool life is shaped so that it results in a flow of the die is consequently high,
share pre-press body comes. To the surprise of the professional world, the
Demnach ist es bekannt (DT-OS 1 433 073), einen suchungen der Eigenschaften der fertig geschmiedegesinterten Rohling im Schmiedegesenk warm zu ver- ten Kegelzahnräder gezeigt, daß diese hinsichtlich ihformen mit dem Ziel der Herstellung von Fertiger- rer Zähigkeit reinen Schmiedestücken aus schmelzzeugnissen hoher Festigkeit und Verdichtung, wobei 60 metallurgisch hergestellten Materialien gleichkombei der Warmverformung ein dreidimensionaler Mate- men und hinsichtlich ihrer Festigkeit die reinen Sinrialfluß auftritt. terwerkstücke beträchtlich übertreffen.Accordingly, it is known (DT-OS 1 433 073) to search for the properties of the finished forged sintered Blank in the forging die to be turned warm bevel gears shown that these with regard to ihformen with the aim of producing paver toughness pure forgings from melted products high strength and compression, with 60 metallurgically produced materials being the same the hot deformation a three-dimensional material and with regard to its strength the pure sinrial flux occurs. significantly outperform workpieces.
Der mit den Problemen der Warmverformung ver- Im folgenden wird das erfindungsgemäße Verfah-The method according to the invention is described below with the problems of hot deformation.
traute Fachmann weiß, daß die Materialqualität der ren an Hand des in der Zeichnung dargestellten AusFertigerzeugnisse
jeweils stark von den Verfahrensbe- 65 führungsbeispiels näher erläutert. Es zeigt
dingungen im Hinblick auf das jeweils herzustellende F i g. 1 einen Schnitt durch ein Gesenk mit geöff-A person skilled in the art knows that the material quality of the ren on the basis of the finished products shown in the drawing is explained in greater detail in each case by the process example. It shows
conditions with regard to the respective F i g to be produced. 1 a section through a die with open
Werkstück abhängt. Die bekannte allgemeine Lehre neten Gesenkhälften und eingelegtem gesinterten kann daher dem Fachmann, der bestrebt ist, eine Vorpreßkörper,Workpiece depends. The well-known general teaching called die halves and inlaid sintered can therefore be the expert who endeavors to produce a pre-pressed body,
3 43 4
Fig.2 das Gesenk gemäß Fig. 1 nach dem verschiebbar aufgenommen. Das Obergesenk2 weistFig.2 the die according to FIG. 1 after the slidably added. The upper die2 has
Schmiedevorgang, mit geschlossenen Gesenkhälffen, einen nach unten in den Gesenkhohlraum hmemra-Forging process, with closed die halves, one hmemra-
F i g. 3 eine Ansicht des fertigen Sinterschmie- gender., sich nach unten leicht konisch verjungenden,F i g. 3 is a view of the finished sintered nestling device, tapering slightly conically towards the bottom,
dewerkstücks. kegelstumpfförmigen Mitieldom 6 auf.the workpiece. frustoconical central dome 6.
Der Vorpreßkörper kann entweder aus einem ho- 5 Die gesenkseitige Stirnfläche des Preßstempels 5 mogenen Pulver durch Pressen auf eine Dichte von ist kleiner als die gesenkseitige Stirnfläche des Mittelüber SO °/o der theoretisch möglichen Dichte gesintert domes 6. Dadurch entsteht beim Schließen der Gewerden. Dadurch wird erreicht, daß der Vorpreßkör- senkhälften an der Stirnfläche des Preßstempels 5 per bei Massivumformung nicht in einzelne Bestand- eine größere Pressung als an der Stirnfläche des Mitteile zerfällt, was zu Gefügestörungen führen würde. io teldorn.es 6, so daß beim fortschreitenden SchließenThe pre-press body can either consist of a hoop mogeneous powder by pressing to a density of is smaller than the die-side face of the center above Sintered domes 6. It is thereby achieved that the pre-press body halves on the end face of the press ram 5 in the case of massive forming, not into individual components - a greater pressure than on the face of the central part disintegrates, which would lead to structural disturbances. io teldorn.es 6, so that with progressive closing
Der Vorpreßkörper kann aber auch aus Pulvermi- des Gesenks das Material des Vorpreßkörpers zuerst schungen verschiedener Legierungsbestandteil ge- im Bereich des Preßstempeis 5 zum Fließen gebracht, sintert werden, derart, daß die Diffusion der Legie- wird. Dadurch wird das Material des Vorpreßkörrungsbestandteile des Sinterwerkstoffes bereits über- pers3 entsprechend dem Pfeil A von innen nach wiegend bei diesem Sintervorgang eintritt. Bei der 15 außen in den Zahnteil 4 des Untergesenks 1 verWeiterverarbeitung des Vorformlings durch Warm- drängt. Beim fortschreitenden Schließen der Gesenkschmieden ist darauf zu achten, daß das Legieren hälften wird die an dem fließenden Vorpreßkörper spätestens beim Vorwärmen auf Saimiedetemperatur anliegende Fläche am Untergesenk immer größer, bis abgeschlossen ist. die Flächenpressung an der Stirnfläche des Mittei-The pre-pressed body can, however, also be made from powder mix of the die, the material of the pre-pressed body, first made of various alloy constituents in the area of the press die 5, made to flow, sintered in such a way that the diffusion of the alloy takes place. As a result, the material of the pre-pressed body components of the sintered material is already over-pers3 according to the arrow A from the inside predominantly during this sintering process. In the case of 15 further processing of the preform by hot pressing into the tooth part 4 of the lower die 1 on the outside. As the die forging continues to close, it must be ensured that the alloying halves the area on the lower die that lies against the flowing pre-pressed body at the latest when it is preheated to Saimiedetemperature, until it is completed. the surface pressure on the face of the center
Beim Sintern des Vorpreßkörpers kommen Tem- 20 domes 6 des Obergesenks so groß wird, daß der Vor-When the pre-pressed body is sintered, the temples 6 of the upper die become so large that the pre-press
peraturen etwa zwischen 1100 und 1200 ° C zur An- formling auch im oberen Bereich zu fließen beginnt,Temperatures between around 1100 and 1200 ° C to the molding begins to flow also in the upper area,
wendung. Danach wird der gesinterte Vorpreßkörper wobei das Material in den Hohlraum 7 des Unterge-turn. Thereafter, the sintered pre-pressed body, whereby the material in the cavity 7 of the lower part
unter Schutzgas auf Schmiedetemperatur von etwa senks2 verdrängt wird. Das entsprechend Pfeileis displaced under an inert gas to forging temperature of approximately senks2. According to the arrows
1100 bis 12000C, je nach Werkstoffzusammenset- verdrängte Material wird in der Folge entsprechend1100 to 1200 0 C, depending on the material composition- displaced material is in the sequence accordingly
zung, gebracht, wobei spätestens dann eine ausrei- 25 Pfeil ß am kegeligen Umfang des Untergesenks 1tongue, brought, at the latest then a sufficient 25 arrow ß on the conical circumference of the lower die 1
chende Diffusion der Legierungskomponenten ei- umgelenkt und etwa parallel zur ZahnrichtungCorresponding diffusion of the alloy components is deflected and roughly parallel to the direction of the tooth
reicht wird. Durch das anschließende Schmieden bei schräg nach außen und ober, zum Fließen gebracht,is enough. Through the subsequent forging at an angle to the outside and above, made to flow,
einem Schmiededruck von über 10 t/cm2 entstehen Während des Schließvorganges des Gesenks wirda forging pressure of over 10 t / cm 2 will arise during the closing process of the die
die gewünschten hochgenauen Kegelzahnrädcr. der Preßstempel 5 in den Gesenkhohlraum hineinthe desired high-precision bevel gears. the ram 5 into the die cavity
Fig. 1 ist entnehmbar, daß der vorgesinterte in 30 verschoben und tritt dadurch, ebenso wie der Mittel-Fig. 1 can be seen that the presintered shifted in 30 and thereby occurs, as well as the central
das Untergesenk 1 eingelegte Vorpreßkörper 3 be- dorn 6, fortschreitend in den mittleren Bereich desthe lower die 1 inserted pre-press body 3 mandrel 6, progressing into the middle area of the
trächtlich von der Innenform der Gesenkhälften ab- Vorpreßkörpers 3 ein, so daß das gesamte Materialfrom the inner shape of the die halves from pre-pressing body 3, so that all of the material
weicht. Der Vorpreßkörper3 hat eine zylindrische des Vorpreßkörpers 3 bis auf einen aus den Fig. 2gives way. The pre-press body 3 has a cylindrical shape like the pre-press body 3 except for one from FIG. 2
Gestalt mit Fließkegel 11 auf seiner im Untergesenk und 3 ersichtlichen, verbleibenden Steg 8 von innenShape with flow cone 11 on its in the lower die and 3 visible, remaining web 8 from the inside
befindlichen Seite. 35 nach außen und oben verdrängt wird.located page. 35 is displaced outwards and upwards.
Der die Zähne ausbildende Teil des Gesenks ist im Insgesamt kommt es also zu einer beträchtlichen Untergesenk 1 ausgebildet, wohingegen der übrige Massivumformung, was die Herstellung eines Kegel-Umfangsteil des Kegelzahnrades und die dazugehö- Zahnrades 9 gemäß F i g. 3 von hochgenauer Form rige Stirnfläche vom Obergesenk 2 ausgebildet wird. ermöglicht, welches im Bereich der Zähne 10 nicht Im Untergesenk 1 ist ein zylindrischer Preßstempel 5 40 mehr nachgearbeitet zu werden braucht.The part of the die that forms the teeth is therefore a considerable overall Lower die 1 is formed, whereas the rest of the massive deformation, which involves the production of a conical peripheral part of the bevel gear and the associated gear 9 according to FIG. 3 of highly precise form rige face of the upper die 2 is formed. allows which in the area of the teeth 10 is not In the lower die 1 is a cylindrical ram 5 40 more needs to be reworked.
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE2219856A DE2219856B2 (en) | 1972-04-22 | 1972-04-22 | Process for the production of sintered forged workpieces forged in one operation |
AT441672A AT321682B (en) | 1972-04-22 | 1972-05-19 | Process for producing sintered forgings |
US00350802A US3832763A (en) | 1972-04-22 | 1973-04-13 | Method of drop-forging sintered workpieces |
CA169,044A CA983739A (en) | 1972-04-22 | 1973-04-18 | Method of drop-forging sintered workpieces |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE2219856A DE2219856B2 (en) | 1972-04-22 | 1972-04-22 | Process for the production of sintered forged workpieces forged in one operation |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE2219856A1 DE2219856A1 (en) | 1973-10-31 |
DE2219856B2 true DE2219856B2 (en) | 1974-07-18 |
Family
ID=5842979
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE2219856A Pending DE2219856B2 (en) | 1972-04-22 | 1972-04-22 | Process for the production of sintered forged workpieces forged in one operation |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3832763A (en) |
AT (1) | AT321682B (en) |
CA (1) | CA983739A (en) |
DE (1) | DE2219856B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (27)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4272877A (en) * | 1974-05-13 | 1981-06-16 | Nippondenso Co., Ltd. | Method of manufacturing mechanical parts from metal scrap |
DE2429543B2 (en) * | 1974-06-20 | 1978-02-23 | Bayer. Leichtmetallwerk, Graf Blücher von Wahlstatt KG, 8000 München | DEVICE FOR FORGING HELICAL OR CURVED BEVEL GEAR |
DE2446413C3 (en) * | 1974-09-28 | 1978-12-07 | Kabel- Und Metallwerke Gutehoffnungshuette Ag, 3000 Hannover | Device for the non-cutting manufacture of bevel gears |
DE2458291C3 (en) * | 1974-12-10 | 1980-11-27 | Bayerisches Leichtmetallwerk, Graf Bluecher Von Wahlstatt Kg, 8000 Muenchen | Forging process |
US4299112A (en) * | 1977-10-20 | 1981-11-10 | Kabushiki Kaisha Wako | Method and device for producing synchronizer ring |
US4232436A (en) * | 1978-03-31 | 1980-11-11 | Textron Inc. | Powder metallurgy production of spherical articles, such as bearing elements |
US4445936A (en) * | 1980-01-14 | 1984-05-01 | Witec Cayman Patents, Ltd. | Method of making inelastically compressible ductile particulate material article and subsequent working thereof |
US4462238A (en) * | 1982-12-20 | 1984-07-31 | Uti Corporation | Method for controlling properties of metals and alloys |
US4607515A (en) * | 1982-12-20 | 1986-08-26 | Uti Corporation | Kinetic energy penetrator |
US4483174A (en) * | 1982-12-20 | 1984-11-20 | Uti Corporation | Method for controlling properties of powdered metals and alloys |
US4798077A (en) * | 1987-02-12 | 1989-01-17 | Eaton Corporation | Method for producing a family of forged ring rolling preforms and forging die therefor |
US4856167A (en) * | 1987-02-12 | 1989-08-15 | Eaton Corporation | Method for producing near net ring gear forgings |
DE3839800A1 (en) * | 1988-11-25 | 1990-05-31 | Sinterstahl Gmbh | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR FORMING TOOTHED FLANGES POWDER METALLICALLY PRODUCED CLUTCH BODY |
JP3309344B2 (en) * | 1993-05-26 | 2002-07-29 | 日鍛バルブ株式会社 | Manufacturing method of gear with center hole |
DE4417663C2 (en) * | 1994-05-20 | 2003-12-04 | Gkn Sinter Metals Gmbh | Pressed part made of metal powder, method and device for its production |
DE4426180A1 (en) * | 1994-07-23 | 1996-01-25 | Blw Praezisionsschmiede Gmbh | Method for producing bevel gears and device for carrying out the method |
JPH0910883A (en) * | 1995-06-30 | 1997-01-14 | Hitachi Ltd | Formation of gear |
JPH11514582A (en) * | 1995-10-31 | 1999-12-14 | コルフォー マニュファクチャリング インコーポレイテッド | Method and apparatus for forging small gears into almost net shape |
JP3554443B2 (en) * | 1996-08-27 | 2004-08-18 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Compacting method |
US6168754B1 (en) * | 1999-02-17 | 2001-01-02 | Federal-Mogul World Wide, Inc. | Method and apparatus for densifying powder metal preforms |
DE10142805C2 (en) * | 2001-08-31 | 2003-10-16 | Gkn Sinter Metals Gmbh | One-piece joint body |
US7174763B2 (en) * | 2005-05-05 | 2007-02-13 | American Axle & Manufacturing, Inc. | Hotformed hubs and method |
CN101711191A (en) * | 2007-02-12 | 2010-05-19 | Gkn烧结金属股份有限公司 | Powder metal forging and processing method and equipment |
US9267594B2 (en) | 2010-08-24 | 2016-02-23 | American Axle & Manufacturing, Inc. | Controlled relative radius of curvature forged bevel gears with involute section |
US10364850B2 (en) | 2012-10-23 | 2019-07-30 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Clutch mechanism |
CN103846444B (en) * | 2012-12-03 | 2016-09-21 | 重庆聚能粉末冶金有限公司 | A kind of manufacture method of motorcycle engine oil pump gear |
CN107717352A (en) * | 2017-10-25 | 2018-02-23 | 江苏理研科技股份有限公司 | A kind of moulding process of the forging with decile rectangular end face tooth |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2494935A (en) * | 1950-01-17 | Method of forging | ||
US2285575A (en) * | 1938-02-15 | 1942-06-09 | Frank V Elbertz | Bevel gear blank and the method and means for producing the same |
US2373405A (en) * | 1941-02-14 | 1945-04-10 | Callite Tungsten Corp | Process of making seamless hollow bodies of refractory metals |
US2778064A (en) * | 1951-10-20 | 1957-01-22 | Thompson Prod Inc | Coining method and apparatus |
US3069756A (en) * | 1958-07-10 | 1962-12-25 | Clark Equipment Co | Method of forming gear blanks |
DE1433073A1 (en) * | 1961-02-17 | 1969-01-09 | Schmalz Dr Ing Heinz | Process for the production of forgings and other semi-finished products |
US3355930A (en) * | 1965-03-08 | 1967-12-05 | Zd Gomselmash | Method of, and device for, manufacturing profile articles, preferably gears and starwheels |
AT287404B (en) * | 1966-10-10 | 1971-01-25 | Max Dr Ing Koehler | Piston ring and process for its manufacture |
DE1758849B2 (en) * | 1968-08-20 | 1974-08-08 | Sintermetallwerk Krebsoege Gmbh, 5608 Krebsoege | Process for the powder-metallurgical production of molded parts |
-
1972
- 1972-04-22 DE DE2219856A patent/DE2219856B2/en active Pending
- 1972-05-19 AT AT441672A patent/AT321682B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1973
- 1973-04-13 US US00350802A patent/US3832763A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1973-04-18 CA CA169,044A patent/CA983739A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE2219856A1 (en) | 1973-10-31 |
CA983739A (en) | 1976-02-17 |
AT321682B (en) | 1975-04-10 |
US3832763A (en) | 1974-09-03 |
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