DE2158931A1 - AXLE ARRANGEMENT FOR SINGLE WHEEL SUSPENSION - Google Patents

Description

2,58931

VOLKSWAGENWERK Aktiengesellschaft

Our reference: K 1188
9704-room / Sat

11/25/71

Axle arrangement for independent suspension '

The invention relates to an axle assembly for independent suspension of non-steerable axles with one on front axles pushed and pulled on rear axles, pivotable about a substantially horizontal axis longitudinal or Semi-trailing arm from which a wheel carrier is suspended.

The turning radius of a vehicle turning a curve is determined by the distance between the front and rear axis and determined by the angle of the intersecting axes. The larger of the intersecting ones Axes included angles, the smaller the curve radius and the narrower the curve that is traversed. By a more or less strong turning of the wheels of steered axles, normally the front axles form, the angle enclosed by the intersecting axes is greater or lesser. If now due to external influences, such as cross winds or other side forces, such as when driving through a curve the centrifugal force counteracting traction, the wheels of non-steered axles around a substantially

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If you turn the vertical axis, that of the will also change intersecting longitudinal axes included angles. Venn the angle, not steered by adjusting the wheels Axes becomes larger, there is oversteering, and if the angle is smaller, there is understeer. RIn particular danger is the override of the Kurventadiua, since this is against the will of the driver smaller and thus the curve driven through by the vehicle becomes tighter. This increases the spin and Risk of accident considerable.

Longitudinal arms or trailing arms that are drawn to the rear axles and pushed onto the front axles are at one end a :? Articulated vehicle and pivotable about a substantially horizontal axis, while the other, free end the trailing arm or trailing arm from the center of the vehicle is turned away. The wheels of the vehicle are arranged at the free ends of the trailing arms or trailing arms.

Venn now baispielsveiss including driving through a curve one of the centrifugal force acting against and due to the traction side force on the wheel of such longitudinal or Sehräglenkore eimfirkt, the driver is greatly due to its Eigenelastisität and the elasticity of its mounting in one of the centrifugal force opposite direction more or less to an essentially vertical axis offset. If, for example, one looks at the wheel on the outside of the curve of a rear, drawn longitudinal or trailing arm, the H & d is pivoted outward with its half facing the direction of travel by the pivoting movement of the arm. Such a pivoting movement of the wheel increases the angle

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between the cross-cutting axes of the two wheels one side of the vehicle larger, whereby an undesirable upper control occurs. Such an oversteer phenomenon Applies to all arms of non-steerable axles sucked on the rear axles and lifted on the front axles in principle. The aim is therefore to design these axle arrangements, which tend to oversteer, in such a way that that the side force acting on the baths counteracts an override and leads to an adjustment Goes under control.

It is a rear axle arrangement with drawn longitudinal |

core known in which the acting on the wheels Lateral forces lead to a slight adjustment to understeer. This rear axle assembly has two an axle gear housing connected to semi-axles that together kit the transaxle housing into one in horizontal Level rigid system are connected. The axle drive housing is elastically supported on the rigid vehicle frame in such a way that it is in a horizontal plane can move in all directions. Each of the semi-axles is connected to the frame of the vehicle via a trailing arm tied together. The trailing arms are on both the vehicle frame and the semi-axles around vertical axes of rotation pivoted *. '

Venn one equipped with this known rear axle arrangement Vehicle drives through a curve, the centrifugal force counteracts and pushes on the road grip the frictional force to be fed back the wheels connected to the axle drive housing towards the inside of the curve, wherein the trailing arm pivotable about vertical axes wa. a pivoting of the entire axis including Guide axle gear housing. The entire rear axle with

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Both wheels are swiveled in the same direction as the turned front wheels · This type of However, it is only possible to build a rear axle if the Semi-axes with the final drive housing to one in horizontal Level rigid system are connected. In other words, this means that such a structure only in the Rigid axles connecting both wheels is possible. However, this system is not applicable to independent suspension.

The invention was therefore intended to create an axle arrangement for independent suspension of non-steerable axles with longitudinal or diagonal lugs pushed on the front axles and drawn on rear axles, in which the lateral forces acting on the wheels counteract an oversteer and lead to an adjustment in the direction of under-inflation.

This is achieved according to the invention in that the wheel carrier, which is arranged on a handlebar, by a substantially vertical axis is pivotable, seen in the direction of travel on the front axles in front of and behind the rear axles The axis of rotation of the wheel lies, and that the wheel carrier is in its central position with the aid of spring-elastic devices is resettable.

According to the invention, the wheel carrier is essentially one vertical axis pivotable, which is essentially drawn through the free end of the rear axles and the front axles pushed longitudinal or trailing arm passes through. The greater the distance between the vertical pivot axis of the The wheel carrier and the axis of rotation of the wheel, the larger it becomes

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the pivoting movement of the wheel carrier fail. If the the centrifugal force counteracting and from the grip originating force the free end of the longitudinal or To pivot trailing arm3 according to a "certain direction is looking, thanks to the inventive arrangement of the wheel carrier is exactly in the opposite direction pivoted so that the original movement towards an oversteer into a movement towards an understeer is converted to. Due to the axle arrangement according to the invention, it has thus become possible to also share the Yor the handlebars pushed on the rear axles with the I

share to unite the handlebars pulled on the rear axles =

The axle arrangement according to the invention can be produced in a particularly simple manner in that the wheel carrier has a holding arm rigidly connected to it, which is articulated to the free end of the oblique or trailing arm. In this embodiment, for example, a conventional, drawn rear-axle control arm only needs one that is essentially vertical. Axle swiveling wheel carrier to be added. A change in the other elements of the axle arrangement, such as semi-axles, bearings and the like, is not necessary. ί required.

The axle arrangement according to the invention can be special Build space-saving if the resilient device has a * between the wheel carrier or the holding arm and the Long or trailing arm arranged, combined tension and compression spring is.

Eise just as simple and effective modification of the

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axle arrangement according to the invention can be achieved by that the wheel carrier is formed with one leg of a triangular structure in a manner known per se Longitudinal or trailing arm is rigidly connected or with it consists of one piece, and the leg connected to the wheel carrier at one end with the other Legs of the triangle joint are articulated and is displaceable at its other end in the axis of the link bearing. ;

The Abwandlimgeform the invention outlined above Axle arrangement can be produced, for example, without any effort in that the articulated connection between the two legs of the triangular bandage flexible elastic connection is.

When a particularly rigid axle arrangement is created fif ^ ll, in which one caused by the side forces A change in the fall of the Radea is to be avoided, the articulated · connection between the two legs of the triangular ligament a hinge-like connection.

The spring-elastic device to reset dee with the leg connected to the wheel carrier in the neutral center position can then be incorporated into the axle arrangement according to the invention in an extremely simple manner with an optimal effect install if the spring-elastic device consists of two springs on the one in the axis of the Handlebar bearing arranged displaceable end of the handlebar leg and take up the link bearing between them and on the handlebar bearings and corresponding stops Support on the handlebars.

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Venn the wheel carrier in its pivoting movement away from the center of the vehicle through one in the pivoting path of the Badträgers or the Lenfcerechenkelß connected to the wheel carrier arranged stop is limited, the pivoting movement of each on the inside of the curve lying wheel carrier in the direction of an understeer be limited. As a result, the driving behavior of an equipped with the axle arrangement according to the invention Vehicle to be stabilized when braking forces occur.

Venn the stop the wheel carrier or the one with the wheel carrier connected handlebars during a pivoting movement away from the center of the vehicle in one of the straight-ahead travel I.

of the wheel holds the corresponding position, the wheel carrier located on the inside of the curve will go to it. refrains from taking an understeering position. In this case, the wheel carrier is rather neutral in Beiner Smock held. Due to this arrangement, the elastic devices or springs can be omitted, which move the wheel carrier or the link arm connected to the wheel carrier towards the center of the vehicle in the neutral position Preload center position. This measure also causes an oversteering adjustment by the braking forces counteracted that on a lever arm running parallel to the wheel axis between the wheel contact point and the attack essentially vertical pivot axis.

Venn the extension of the pivot axis of the wheel carrier If the ground meets approximately the line of intersection of the ground plane and the wheel plane, the drive or braking forces are achieved cannot cause any adjustment of the wheel. With this type of arrangement, it is unimportant whether the pivot axis runs vertically or is slightly inclined to the vertical. Venn the swivel axis a little against the vertical is inclined, the vehicle is raised slightly when pivoting the wheel carrier, so that the weight of the

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Vehicle after lifting the pivoting of the wheel carrier "causing the side force to reset the wheel carrier caused in the neutral middle position.

The driving or braking forces are in the same way prevented from adjusting the wheel or the wheel carrier, when the pivot axis of the wheel carrier is in the middle plane of the wheel is arranged.

In the following two exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail with reference to schematic drawings. In the drawings show:

Figure 1 is a plan view of the axle assembly of a left rear wheel according to the invention,

FIG. 2 shows a plan view of a modified axle arrangement of a left rear wheel according to the invention.

Figure 1 shows an axle assembly according to the invention for independent suspension of a left rear wheel. The direction of travel for forward travel with the inventive Axle arrangement equipped vehicle is indicated by the arrow / shown in the drawing.

The axle assembly has a conventional triangular trailing arm 1 with legs 2 and 3 on. The trailing arm 1 is in bearings 4 and 5 attached to the vehicle about an essentially horizontal axis 6 pivoted. The pivot axis 6 of the trailing arm

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can also be inclined to the horizontal. The ends of legs 2 and 3 received by bearings 4 and 5 of the trailing arm 1 are secured against displacement along the pivot axis 6. The opposite of bearings 4 and 5 Ends of the legs 2 and 3 are rigidly connected to one another. The trailing arm 1 is conventional Veise supported against the vehicle with the aid of springs (not shown) «

At the free end ¹ J of the rigidly connected legs 2 and 3 of the trailing arm 1, a hinge-like joint 8 is attached, which via a support arm 9 with an f

Wheel carrier 10 is connected, on which a Had 11 rotatable is stored. The holding arm 91 eggs also in the form of a Plate can be designed is rigidly connected to the wheel carrier 10. The pivot axis of the hinge-like The joint or the wheel carrier 10 runs essentially vertically. The pivot axis of the wheel carrier 10 can, however also be slightly inclined to the vertical, the inclination of the pivot axis to the vertical expediently is chosen so that the extension of the pivot axis of the wheel carrier 10 on the road approximately meets the intersection of the road plane and the wheel plane.

The axis of rotation 12 of the wheel 11 mounted on the wheel carrier 10 is at a distance from the hinge-like joint 8, so that between .the axis of rotation 12 and the hinge-like Joint 8 creates a certain lever arm. It is not, however, necessary that the hinge-like Joint 8 is arranged at the free end 7 of the legs 2 and 3 rigidly connected to one another, the joint can also be offset in the direction of the bearing 4. However, it is important to ensure that the axis of rotation 12 of the wheel 11 between the hinge-like joint 8 and

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of camp 4 is located.

Between the holding arm 9 T-md the leg 2 of the trailing arm 1 a combined tension and compression spring 13 is arranged. The compression spring 13 can, however, also be replaced by another Spring device to be replaced, which is a provision of the wheel carrier 10 causes in the neutral central position.

For example, when a vehicle equipped with the axle arrangement shown in FIG drives, a centrifugal force counteracts and goes back to the grip of the wheel Lateral force S on the wheel 11. A conventional semi-trailing arm of the type in question would be due to its inherent elasticity under the action of the lateral force S is slightly pivoted about vertical axes, which would be in the area of the bearings 4 and 5 corresponding to bearings. One designed in a conventional design Angled leuker would therefore be pivoted counterclockwise when looking at FIG. In in this case the end facing the direction of travel would be of the Hades can be pivoted away from the center of the vehicle. Such an adjustment of the wheel However, an obstacle to an overpriced behavior of the vehicle lead to β.

In the case of the axle arrangement according to the invention, however, the Bath carrier 10 by the side force S clockwise UJB daa hinge-like joint 8 against the action of the Spring 13 pivoted. In this case, the end of the wheel 11 facing the direction of travel is turned towards the inside

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Pivoted towards the center of the vehicle, whereby the wheel in the direction of an understeering of the vehicle ▼ is created.

However, under all driving conditions a constant neutral to slightly understeering driving behavior of the driving eye is desired, the adjustment of the RadeE in the direction of underpricing driving behavior should at least is the area of self-indulgence causing oversteer of the semi-trailing arm and its storage remain. Bas wheel should be so far in the direction of understeering driving behavior can be adjusted as the inherent elasticity "

dee trailing arm and its storage to "a deviation ▼ osj the desired driving behavior. You can either by a corresponding Dimeneionierung of the spring 15 and / or by an inclination of the pivot axis of the Reach wheel carrier 10 against the vertical. For example, if the pivot axis of the wheel carrier 10 against the Vertical is inclined, aniss when pivoting the wheel carrier 10 the vehicle can be raised a little. The weight of the vehicle acts to adjust the Bades in the direction of understeering driving behavior contrary, so that ultimately an understeering adjustment of the wheel is only made to the extent that i it BUK compensation of the inherent elasticity of the Trailing arm caused oversteer is required. Bie pivoting movement of the wheel in the direction of an understeering adjustment can also be limited by stops which are not shown.

If the vehicle provided with the axle arrangement shown in FIG. 1 drives through a left curve, it will open the wheel has a side counteracting the centrifugal force

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tenkraft S ¹ exercised. In this case, the wheel carrier 10 is pivoted about the hinge-like joint 8 counterclockwise, so that the wheel 11 is pivoted with its end in the direction of travel away from the center of the vehicle into an understeering position. In the case of a conventional trailing arm, the wheel would be pivoted in the opposite direction, that is to say clockwise, into an oversteering position. ^{Since the side force S 1} acting on the wheel on the inside of the curve is smaller than the side force S acting on the wheel on the outside of the curve, the restoring forces counteracting the side force S can be smaller. Accordingly, the spring 15 can have a different identifier when subjected to tensile stress than when subjected to compressive stress. In addition, the pivoting range of the wheel carrier 10 on the wheel on the inside of the curve can be limited counterclockwise by stops (not shown).

Figure 2 shows a plan view of a modification of the invention Axle arrangement for a left rear wheel of a vehicle moving forward in the direction of arrow F. The axle arrangement has a triangular trailing arm 21 with legs 22 and 25 on. The trailing arm 21 is with its legs. 22nd and 25 in vehicle mounted bearings 24 and 25 µm a substantially horizontal axis 26 is pivotally mounted. The trailing arm 21 is conventional supported by springs not shown against the vehicle. The end of the leg 25 supported in the bearing 25 of the trailing arm 21 is secured in a conventional manner against displacement in the direction of the pivot axis 26. The ira bearing 24 supported end of the leg, however, is in the direction of the pivot axis 26 of the oblique

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! anchor 21 slidably mounted. On both sides of the Handlebar bearing s 24 are coil springs 27 and 28 arranged on the axially displaceable end in the Leuker bearing 24 dea leg 22 are raised and on the one hand on the handlebar bearing 24 and on the other hand at corresponding stops 29 of the leg 22 support. The springs 27 and 28 thus tension the handlebar legs 22 into a neutral position Middle position forward.

The legs 22 and 23 bind to their the handlebar bearings 24 and 25 facing away ends with the help of an articulated Connection 30 hingedly connected to one another. The articulated connection 30 allows a pivoting movement of the handlebar leg 22 by a substantially vertical one Axis. The one passing through the articulated connection 30 Pivot axis of the handlebar leg 22 can also slightly inclined to the vertical leg and as in the above-described exemplary embodiment with ih, -rer Extension of the carriageway approximately meet on the intersection line Ton carriageway level and wheel level. The articulated connection can optionally be made using a hinge-like joint or be formed by an elastic connection of the two legs 22 and 23.

Handlebar leg 22 is rigidly attached to a wheel carrier 31. The bath support 31 can also be made with the handlebar leg 22 consist of one piece. The axis of rotation 32 "of the on the wheel carrier 31 mounted wheel 35 intersects the handlebar leg 22 at a right angle at a point that is shown in a certain distance from the articulated connection 30 and between the link bearing 24 and the articulated Connection 30 is located. It is essential with this arrangement that

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that between the axis of rotation 32 and the articulated connection 30 a sufficient lever arm for pivoting the handlebar leg 22 is present.

If, for example, a vehicle with this axle arrangement drives through a right-hand bend, one of the Centrifugal force counteracting lateral force S_ on the wheel 53 at. The side force S pivots the link arm 22 together with the wheel carrier 31 in a clockwise direction pivot axis extending through the articulated connection 30 . As a result, the end of the wheel 33 facing the direction of travel is also inwardly towards the center of the vehicle pivoted so that the wheel in the direction of an understeering Driving behavior is adjusted. In this embodiment too, a corresponding DJjnene.ioning the springs 27 and 28 the wheel 33 only so far pivoted in an understeering sense, as it sum compensates for by the inherent elasticity of the semi-trailing arm 21 and Beiner storage 24 and 25 caused, Adjustment that deviates from the desired driving behavior is required. As a result, a neutral to slightly understeering driving behavior achieved. The pivoting movement of the wheel 33 can of course can also be limited by corresponding stops in the trajectory of the handlebar leg 22.

If the vehicle drives through a left-hand curve ^ then the occurs Centrifugal force counteracting side force S *. The side force S 'pivots the handlebar leg 22 in the opposite direction clockwise about the pivot axis passing through the articulated connection 30. This will make that nnn wheel 33 on the inside of the curve with its facing the direction of travel The end of the vehicle away from the center of the vehicle.

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pivots so that the wheel 33 is also in understeering Senses is pivoted. Since the side force S 'is smaller is than the side force S, the spring 28 for resetting the handlebar leg 22 can be made somewhat weaker are called the spring 27.

The axle arrangement according to the invention was based on unguided Rear axles described. The axle arrangement according to the invention can, however, also be used on unguided front axles can be applied. To understand the mode of operation of an erf used on unguided front axles Only need the axis arrangement according to the invention Arrows F in Figures 1 and 2 to be reversed in their direction. In this case, too, they lead on the bike acting lateral forces lead to an understeering adjustment of the wheel.

It is well known that the rolling noise of the wheels can be kept low when those supporting the wheel Handlebars in their handlebar bearings in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle are stored softly and are resiliently movable to a limited extent in the longitudinal direction. One

such a soft suspension of the handlebars leads to λ

a very low driving stability with a relatively great tendency to oversteer adjustment. Since on a good driving stability! Did not fail in any way can be, the spring rate of the link bearing must be relatively hard matched leg and a corresponding one Rolling noise must be accepted.

In the case of the axle arrangement according to the invention, however, this can be done without prejudice good driving stability of the longitudinal or diagonal

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Handlebars in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle are softly supported and thus resiliently movable to a limited extent in the longitudinal direction. The tendency of the handlebar to oversteer adjustment caused by such a mounting is compensated for in the axle arrangement according to the invention by an understeer adjustment of the bath. With the help of the axle arrangement according to the invention, a bath suspension is therefore created which has a low rolling noise on the one hand and good driving stability on the other.

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Claims (1)

- 17 claims L 1, JAchsanordming for independent suspension less steerable Axles with one pushed on the front axles and pulled on the rear axles, around a substantially horizontal one Axle pivotable trailing arm or trailing arm, on which a wheel carrier is suspended, thereby characterized in that the wheel carrier (10, 31) is pivotable about a substantially vertical axis, those seen in the direction of travel on the front axles and on | Rear axles behind the axis of rotation (12, 32) of the wheel (11, 33) and the wheel carrier (10, 31) with Can be reset to its central position with the help of resilient devices. 2. Axle arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the wheel carrier (10) has a rigid connection with it. connected Has holding arm (9) which is articulated at the free end of the oblique or trailing arm (1). 3 * Axle assembly according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the resilient inputs' * direction arranged between the wheel carrier (1O) or support arm (9) and the longitudinal or semi-trailing arm (1), combined tension and compression spring (13) is. 4. Axle arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the wheel carrier (31) with a leg (22) of a rigidly connected in a known manner in the triangular band longitudinal or trailing arm (21) is or consists of one piece with it and the leg (22) connected to the wheel carrier (31) 309822/0228 Bone one end with the other leg (23) of the triangular bandage articulated and at his the other end in the axis (26) of the link bearing (24) is displaceable. 5. axle assembly according to claim 4 »characterized in that the articulated connection (30) between the two legs (22, 23) of the triangular connection is a flexurally elastic connection. 6. Axle arrangement according to claim 4t, characterized in that the articulated connection (30) between the two legs (22, 23) of the triangular bond is hinge-like connection. 7 · Axle arrangement according to one of Claims 1 and 4 to 6, characterized in that the spring-elastic device consists of two springs (27t 28) which open on the end of the handlebar leg (22) which is displaceable in the axis (26) of the handlebar bearing (24) are and the link bearing (24) take up between them and on the link bearing (24) and corresponding Support the stops (29) on the handlebars (22). 8. Axle arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the wheel carrier (10, 31) in its pivoting movement away from the center of the vehicle by one in the pivoting path of the wheel carrier or with the wheel carrier connected handlebars arranged stop is limited. 9 · Axle arrangement according to claim 8, characterized in that 309822/0228 that the stop the wheel carrier (10, 31) or the handlebars (22) connected to the wheel carrier (31)
with a pivoting movement away from the center of the vehicle in a position corresponding to the straight-ahead travel of the wheel. 10. Axle arrangement according to claim 1 to 9 »characterized in that that the extension of the pivot axis of Radträgera (10, 31) the roadway approximately on the cut line of road and wheel plane. 11. Axle arrangement according to claim 1 to 9 »marked-rewarded, that the pivot axis of the wheel carrier (10, is arranged in the central plane of the wheel (11. 33). 309822/0228 ίο. Blank page