DE202016105688U1 - Evaporator, steam bath sauna with such an evaporation device and heating system, especially for the operation of a sauna - Google Patents

Abstract

Evaporation device (1), in particular for the operation of a steam bath sauna (26), with a container (2) defining a receiving space (5) for a phase change material (20), and heating means (9, 10) which are designed to thermal To give energy to the receiving space (5) and to cause melting of a therein phase change material (20), characterized in that at least one evaporation channel designed as a heat receiving channel (15) within the receiving space (5) is arranged at one end (16 ) has a connection for the supply of a liquid to be evaporated under heat absorption (17) and at its other end (18) has a steam outlet opening (19).

Description

The invention relates to an evaporation device, in particular for the operation of a steam bath sauna, with a container which defines a receiving space for a phase change material (PCM), and heating means, which are designed to deliver thermal energy to the receiving space and a melting of a effect phase change material therein. In addition, the invention relates to a steam bath sauna system with such an evaporation device.

For saunas, there is basically a distinction between a conventional sauna, also called Finnish sauna, and a steam bath sauna with lower temperature and higher humidity. During operation of a sauna, a relatively large amount of heat is needed to generate steam and / or hot air. In the prior art, therefore, the use of thermal energy storage is proposed in which at least a portion of the heat required for the operation of a sauna during a charging period stored before the sauna and can be given if required during a discharge period. By using thermal energy storage can be dispensed with the use of expensive and ecologically less sustainable electrical energy storage. Generated thermal energy can be stored directly as such in a thermal energy storage and does not have to be first converted into electricity for storage and then converted back into thermal energy. From the DE 10 2007 047 567 A1 For example, a thermal energy storage for saunas is known, which can be heated by means of renewable energy sources. Also purely electrically operated saunas and / or saunas are known from the prior art, in which by a network connection - optionally a power connection - provided electrical energy, for example by means of a resistance heater converted into thermal energy and then stored in a thermal energy storage.

Another heating system for a sauna with a thermal energy storage is in the DE 20 2012 101 501 U1 described. This heating system is intended for the temporary evaporation of liquid in a sauna and comprises a container having at its bottom a liquid outlet port connected to a tube siphon and an air supply opening near the bottom. At its top, the container is open. Within the container, a thermal energy storage in the form of a bulk material of stones or latent heat storage is arranged. The use of a latent heat storage using phase change materials allows storage of significantly larger amounts of energy compared to conventional storage media such as stones. Also, thermal energy can be largely stored at a constant temperature by the use of a phase change material, so that no high storage material temperature is necessary for the evaporation of larger amounts of water. In the middle of the bulk material are heating means for heating the thermal energy storage. Furthermore, the heating system comprises an air blower and a feed device for a liquid to be evaporated.

During operation of the heating system, the thermal energy store is first loaded by means of the heating means. When preparing a sauna infusion, a liquid with the aid of the feed device is poured onto the surface of the loaded thermal energy storage in order to evaporate it, whereby the thermal energy storage is at least partially discharged. At the same time an air flow is generated by the air blower, which passes through the air supply opening into the interior of the container and flows through the liquid poured bulk material from bottom to top to discharge the generated steam through the open top of the container. Unevaporated liquid leaves the container via the tube siphon.

The heating system of DE 20 2012 101 501 U1 is intended only for a short-term production of steam during an infusion, but not for a continuous evaporation of a liquid for the operation of a steam bath sauna and is also not suitable. In the heating system of DE 20 2012 101 501 U1 drips the liquid to be evaporated directly to the bulk material, so comes directly in contact with the latent heat storage. The liquid soaks into the bulk material and thus remains in thermal contact with the phase change material until it has absorbed enough heat to evaporate. It may be that a first amount of liquid, which meets at the beginning of the infusion on a fully loaded thermal energy storage, evaporated directly in the uppermost layer of bulk material. Likewise, it is possible that a further amount of liquid in an already discharged and cooled first bulk material layer can not absorb enough heat to evaporate there. This amount of liquid then penetrates into deeper layers of bulk material and evaporates only there. In the manner described above, no steam of constant quality, ie in particular constant steam quantity and / or steam temperature can be generated, which is needed for the operation of a steam bath sauna.

The invention is therefore based on the object, one with thermal energy, in a Phase change material is stored to provide powered heating system, which can be operated as efficiently as possible.

This object is achieved according to the invention in a trained as evaporation heating system of the type mentioned in that at least one evacuation channel designed as a heat receiving channel is disposed within the receiving space, at its one end a connection to the supply of heat to be evaporated under heat absorption and at its other end having a steam outlet opening. The liquid to be evaporated may be, for example, water or water with added flavorings.

The invention is therefore based on the consideration to provide an evaporation channel within the receiving space of a container of an evaporation device, which provides a path along which a liquid to be evaporated flows through the container. During passage through the evaporation channel, the liquid is in indirect thermal contact with a phase change material via the wall of the evaporation channel which is within the container during operation of the evaporation means. The phase change material may have a melting temperature between 110 ° C and 140 ° C, preferably between 110 ° C and 120 ° C. Preferably, the phase change material is erythritol. Since the phase change material is also in thermal contact with the heating means, the phase change material in a so-called loading thermal energy can be supplied, resulting in a phase transformation, in particular a melting, at least a portion of the phase change material, whereby thermal energy is stored in the phase change material. In a so-called discharge process, which can take place either simultaneously with the loading or offset in time, stored in the phase change material thermal energy is released by a phase rear conversion, in particular solidification, at least a portion of the phase change material and the wall of the evaporation channel to be evaporated Liquid dispensed within the evaporation channel. The time in which the liquid to be evaporated is in thermal contact with the phase change material and thus heat can be introduced into the liquid to be evaporated can be adjusted through the evaporation channel via the length of the evaporation channel according to the invention and / or via the flow rate of the liquid. Thus, the heat input into the liquid to be evaporated can be controlled without having to adjust the heating power of the phase change material. By such control of the evaporation process, a steam of consistent quality can be produced.

Conveniently, the evaporation channel branches within the container behind its connection in a plurality of parallel-flow channel sections, which are merged again in front of the steam outlet opening of the evaporation channel, wherein the channel sections in particular at least substantially parallel to each other. Several parallel-flow channel sections of the evaporation channel are advantageous because they allow a heat input into the liquid to be evaporated not only at one point, but simultaneously at several different locations within the container, whereby the phase change material is discharged evenly. In addition, increases in several parallel-flow channel sections in comparison with a single non-branched evaporation channel, the heat transfer surface between the phase change material and the liquid to be evaporated, so that the liquid to be evaporated can be heated faster. Furthermore, by suitable dimensioning of the total flow cross section of the parallel channel sections in the interior of the container with respect to the flow cross section of the non-branched evaporation channel, the flow velocity of the liquid to be evaporated in the interior of the container can be adjusted. If the total flow cross-section, which results from the sum of the cross-sections of the channel sections, is greater than the flow cross-section of the non-branched evaporation channel, the liquid within the channel sections has a reduced flow velocity than within the non-branched evaporation channel. A reduced flow rate is useful, for example, if the phase change material has a low heating power. On the other hand, if the total flow cross section is smaller than the flow cross section of the non-branched evaporation channel, then the liquid within the channel sections has an increased flow velocity. If the channel sections run parallel to each other, this saves a lot of space.

In at least one of the channel sections, a valve may be arranged which can be opened and closed by means of a control in order to allow or prevent a flow through the part of the channel section lying behind the valve. If the passage of the corresponding channel section is prevented by closing a valve, then the total flow cross-sectional area available in the branched region automatically decreases, as a result of which the flow velocity of the liquid to be evaporated within the remaining channel sections increases without the Volume flow of the supplied liquid must be changed overall.

Advantageously, the two ends of the evaporation channel are each within an associated passage opening of the wall of the container. Alternatively, the two ends of the evaporation channel may protrude out of the container, thereby allowing them to be easily welded, for example, to a supply pipe for a liquid to be evaporated and / or to a generated steam discharge pipe.

The container preferably has a hollow cylindrical shape. Furthermore, the evaporation device may comprise a heat-insulating, the wall of the container at least partially enclosing the outer jacket and / or the container may be provided with a vacuum insulation. The heat-insulating outer jacket and / or the vacuum insulation can reduce heat losses and thus increase the energy efficiency of the evaporation device.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the heating means comprise at least one heat transfer fluid channel, which is arranged within the receiving space and the end connections for connection with heat transfer fluid lines of a heat transfer fluid circuit for supplying thermal energy from a supply device for thermal energy, in particular a solar thermal collector and / or an aerothermal generator , includes. Through the use of thermal energy can be at least partially dispensed with the use of electrical energy from non-environmentally sustainable energy sources. Characterized in that the heat transfer fluid channel is arranged within the receiving space, its wall comes into thermal contact with a located in the receiving space phase change material.

In one embodiment of this embodiment, the heat transfer fluid channel branches within the container behind its one port into several parallel-flow channel sections, which are merged again before the other connection of the heat transfer fluid channel, the channel sections in particular substantially parallel to each other. As in the channel sections of the evaporation channel, a valve can also be arranged in at least one channel section of the heat transfer fluid channel which can be opened and closed by means of a control in order to allow or prevent a flow through the part of the channel section lying behind the valve. The branching of the heat transfer fluid channel and the valves arranged therein result in similar advantages as already described in connection with the evaporation channel. Advantageously, the two ends of the heat transfer fluid channel are within an associated passage opening of the wall of the container. Alternatively, the two ends of the heat transfer fluid channel protrude from the container, whereby they can be welded, for example, easily with the heat transfer fluid lines.

Expediently, the at least one evaporation channel and / or the at least one heat carrier fluid channel extend between two opposite sides of the container, for example in the vertical direction. The evaporation and heat transfer fluid channels can run at least substantially parallel to one another. Advantageously, the evaporation channel and the heat transfer fluid channel are countercurrent channels. For example, the evaporation channel can be traversed by a liquid to be evaporated from bottom to top, whereas the heat transfer fluid channel is flowed through by a heat transfer fluid from top to bottom. A flow through the evaporation channel from bottom to top is useful because the hot steam of the evaporated liquid physically, ie without a mandatory pump or fan, the evaporation channel leaves the top of its steam outlet.

Preferably, the at least one evaporation channel and / or the at least one heat transfer fluid duct are designed as pipelines, in particular as rectilinear, hollow cylindrical pipelines and / or in particular rectilinear ducts with an at least substantially rectangular cross section. The construction of the container with the channels can therefore be similar to that of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger and / or plate heat exchanger. In particular, hollow cylindrical pipes are available in a variety of designs on the market, easy to manufacture and inexpensive to purchase.

In addition or as an alternative to the at least one heat carrier fluid channel, the heating means may comprise an electrically operated heating device, in particular a resistance heater, a radiant heater and / or an induction heater.

The aforementioned object is also achieved by a steam bath sauna system having a sauna room, an evaporation device of the type described above and an energy supply system according to the invention. Here, the energy supply system is fed in particular by wind energy and / or solar energy and / or other ecologically sustainable energy sources and is connected via lines with the heating means of the evaporation device. Because the Steam bath sauna has its own energy supply system, it can be operated independently of the presence of a general power grid. Through the use of ecologically sustainable energy sources, no pollutants or greenhouse gases are produced during operation of the steam bath sauna system, as is the case with classic saunas operated with wood or gas.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the energy supply system comprises a thermal energy supply device, in particular a solar thermal collector for converting solar energy into thermal energy and / or an aerothermal generator for converting wind energy into thermal energy. Both the solar thermal collector and the aerothermal generator generate a hot heat transfer fluid stream. The arranged at the ends of the heat transfer fluid duct connections of the heat transfer fluid duct are connected via heat transfer fluid to form a closed heat transfer fluid circuit with the supply device for thermal energy. Conveniently, a pump for moving a heat transfer fluid within the heat transfer fluid circuit is arranged in a heat transfer fluid between the evaporation device and the supply device for thermal energy.

Advantageously, the steam bath sauna installation further comprises a heat transfer fluid connection for supplying and / or refilling heat transfer fluid into the heat transfer fluid circulation, which is fluidly connected to one of the heat transfer fluid conduits via a line section. A refilling of the heat transfer fluid is necessary at regular intervals, for example due to small leaks. The heat transfer fluid may be thermal oil, water or a mixture of water and antifreeze and is in particular a two-phase heat transfer fluid.

In the case of the use of a two-phase heat transfer fluid, the thermal energy delivery device is preferably designed such that the heat transfer fluid, in particular water, evaporates when heat is introduced into the thermal energy supply device in order to be supplied to the heat transfer fluid duct of the evaporation device in the vapor state. Within the heat transfer fluid channel, the vaporous heat transfer fluid then condenses with the release of thermal energy to the receiving space, which in turn melts a phase change material located therein.

By the evaporation of the heat transfer fluid in the thermal energy supply device, the thermal energy provided by the latter can be optimally utilized. Since both the heat transfer fluid and the phase change material undergo a phase change while the temperature remains substantially constant in both substances, only a small temperature difference is needed to generate a sufficient heat flow. A lower temperature difference in turn leads to a lower entropy production and thus a lower Exergievernichtung. In addition, in a two-phase operation of the heat transfer fluid circuit by the additionally exploited evaporation enthalpy compared with a single-phase operation of the heat transfer fluid circuit, a larger amount of heat to be transported.

Additionally or alternatively, the energy delivery system may include an electrical energy delivery device, in particular a photovoltaic system for converting solar energy into electrical energy and / or a wind generator for converting wind energy into electrical energy. The generated electrical energy can be stored in an electrical energy store, ie a battery, but is preferably converted directly into thermal energy. For example, the electrical energy supply device is connected via an electrical line to the electrically operated heating device of the evaporation device in order to supply the generated electrical energy directly to it.

Conveniently, a control is provided, which is adapted to regulate the delivery of thermal energy to the receiving space of the evaporation device. The controller is preferably configured to regulate the flow of the heat carrier fluid within the heat transfer fluid circuit. Such a control may consist in increasing or decreasing the flow rate of the heat transfer fluid and / or in closing or opening valves within the heat transfer fluid channel. By controlling the flow of the heat transfer fluid, the time is controlled that the heat transfer fluid is in thermal contact with the phase change material.

Advantageously, the evaporation device is located inside the sauna cabin and the steam outlet opening of the evaporation device is in fluid communication with the interior of the sauna cabin. In this way, heat losses of the evaporation device contribute to the heating of the sauna cabin.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the steam bath sauna system can be a thermoelectric generator for converting in the comprise stored in the receiving space phase change material stored thermal energy into electrical energy to operate in the steam bath sauna equipment required electrical equipment. These devices may be, for example, lights, pumps, etc.

The above-described advantageous two-phase operation of the heat transfer fluid circuit with the aid of a two-phase heat transfer fluid is not limited to evaporation devices. Therefore, in a further aspect, the invention relates to a heating system, in particular for the operation of a sauna, with a container defining a receiving space for a phase change material, and at least one heat receiving channel, which is disposed within the receiving space and can absorb thermal energy emitted from the receiving space.

The aforementioned object is achieved in such a heating system in that within the receiving space at least one heat transfer fluid channel is arranged, the ends connected via heat transfer fluid to form a closed heat transfer fluid circuit with a supply device for thermal energy, in particular a solar thermal collector and / or an aerothermal generator is. In addition, the heating system is controlled by means of a control such that circulating in the heat transfer fluid circuit heat transfer fluid during operation of the heating system changes phase, wherein the heat transfer fluid evaporated in the supply device for thermal energy by heat input and later in the heat transfer fluid channel by emitting thermal energy to the receiving space condensed.

The advantages resulting from the phase change of the heat carrier fluid within the heat transfer fluid circuit have already been explained in detail in the description of the steam bath sauna system according to the invention. In particular, in a two-phase operation of the heat transfer fluid circuit increases the energy efficiency of the heating system.

Conveniently, the heat receiving channel is formed such that in it any fluid can be heated. For this purpose, the heat receiving channel at its one end an air inlet opening and at its other end an air outlet opening or at one end a connection for a supply line for a heat absorption to be evaporated liquid and at its other end a steam outlet opening. The heat receiving channel can thus be used as an evaporation channel depending on its design. With regard to the advantages of such an evaporation channel compared to the solutions of the prior art, reference is made to the statements in connection with the evaporation device according to the invention.

The heating system preferably comprises at least one temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of the heat carrier fluid and / or at least one pressure sensor for measuring the pressure of the heat carrier fluid. Advantageously, the provision device for thermal energy comprises an electrically operated heating device, in particular a resistance heater, a radiant heater and / or an induction heater, for heating the heat transfer fluid and / or the phase change material. The heating system may also include a pressure regulating device for adjusting the pressure of the heat transfer fluid. In this case, the heating system can be controlled by the controller such that the evaporation temperature of the heat transfer fluid can be changed by the pressure of the heat transfer fluid is changed by the pressure regulating device. In one example, the heat transfer fluid may be water, and the heating system may be controlled by the controller such that the evaporation temperature of the water may be increased, for example, from 100 ° C to 130 ° C by adjusting the water pressure by means of the pressure regulating device, for example, from FIG bar is increased to 2.7 bar. If it is the phase change material, which is located in the receiving space of the container of the evaporation device, in particular a material having a melting temperature between 110 ° C and 120 ° C, such as erythritol with a melting temperature of about 120 ° C, so can the phase change material be easily melted.

With regard to further possible embodiments of the container, the heat transfer fluid circuit and the heat absorption and heat transfer fluid channels and their advantages, reference is made to avoid repetition on the above description of the evaporation device according to the invention or the steam bath sauna invention.

The above-described heating systems according to the invention thus have an increased efficiency compared to the heating systems known from the prior art, which are operated with thermal energy stored in a phase change material.

Further features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of two embodiments of an evaporation device according to the invention and in each case one embodiment of a Dampfbadsaunaanlage invention and a heating system according to the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings clearly. In the drawing shows:

1 a schematic view of an evaporation device according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

2 a schematic view of an evaporation device according to a second embodiment of the present invention;

3 a schematic view of a steam bath sauna installation according to an embodiment of the present invention; and

4 a schematic view of a heating system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The 1 shows a schematic view of an evaporation device 1 in particular for the operation of a steam bath, according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The evaporation device 1 comprises a hollow cylindrical container 2 with a floor 3 and a lid that covers the top of the container 2 closes, as if by an arrow 4 in the 3 is indicated. The container 2 defines a recording room 5 , The wall 6 of the container 2 is on all sides by a heat-insulating outer jacket 7 surround. In the area of the soil 3 and the lid of the container 2 are the wall 6 and the outer jacket 7 of the container 2 from two through holes 8th interspersed.

The evaporation device 1 further includes heating means 9 . 10 that are designed to transfer thermal energy to the receiving space 5 leave. The heating means 9 . 10 include an electrically powered heater 9 in the form of a resistance heater, which is inside the receiving space 5 is arranged. Furthermore, the heating means include 9 . 10 a heat transfer fluid channel 10 also inside the recording room 5 is arranged and at its two ends 11 . 12 Connections for connecting to heat transfer fluid lines 13 . 14 a heat transfer fluid circuit has. The connections are not shown in the drawing for clarity.

According to the invention is within the receiving space 5 In addition, designed as an evaporation channel heat receiving channel 15 arranged at its one end 16 a connection for a supply of heat to be evaporated under heat absorption 17 and at the other end 18 a steam outlet 19 having. Also, this connection is not shown in the drawing for clarity. The evaporation channel 15 allows control of the speed at which the liquid 17 in indirect contact with the recording room 5 through the container 2 flows, and thus the time in which the liquid 17 in indirect contact with the recording room 5 stands.

The heat transfer fluid channel 10 and the evaporation channel 15 are formed as a straight, hollow cylindrical pipes and extending parallel to each other in the vertical direction between the ground 3 and the lid of the container 2 so that they form substantially a right angle with a ground plane and a deck plane. The two ends 11 . 12 the heat transfer fluid channel 10 and the two ends 16 . 18 of the evaporation channel 15 each extend through one of the passage openings 8th and close flush with the outer surface of the outer shell 7 of the container 2 from.

The recording room 5 of the container 2 is with the phase change material erythritol 20 filled, which has a melting temperature of about 120 ° C and in thermal contact with both the resistance heating 9 as well as with the walls of the heat transfer fluid channel 10 and the evaporation channel 15 stands.

The 2 shows a schematic view of an evaporation device 1 according to a second embodiment of the present invention. The second embodiment of the evaporation device 1 substantially corresponds to the first embodiment of the evaporation device 1 , with the difference that the evaporation channel 15 in the second embodiment within the container 2 behind his one end 16 in several mutually parallel and parallel flow channel sections 21 . 22 Branched, the front of the other end 18 of the evaporation channel 15 are brought together again. The diameter of the channel sections designed as hollow cylindrical pipelines 21 . 22 is chosen so that the sum of the cross sections of the channel sections 21 . 22 the cross section of the non-branched evaporation channel 15 equivalent. In the 2 is an example of a branch into two channel sections 21 . 22 shown. Such branching causes an increase in the heat transfer area between the phase change material 20 and the water to be evaporated 17 , In addition, allow multiple channel sections 21 . 22 , the phase change material 20 at different locations within the container 2 to unload. In one the ground 3 of the container 2 facing end portion of each channel section 21 . 22 is each a valve 25 to open and close one behind the valve 25 lying part of the channel section 21 . 22 arranged. By closing one of the valves 25 becomes a flow through one of the channel sections 21 . 22 through the water 17 prevents, which is responsible for a flow through the evaporation channel 15 available cross-sectional area decreases and the flow velocity of the water 17 within the at least one remaining channel section 21 . 22 increased. In the illustrated case of two channel sections 21 . 22 Halves the flow cross-sectional area and doubles the flow velocity.

In a similar way, the heat transfer fluid channel branches 10 inside the container 2 behind his one end 11 in several mutually parallel and parallel flow channel sections 23 . 24 that's in front of the other end 12 the heat transfer fluid channel 10 are brought together again. The diameter of the channel sections designed as hollow cylindrical pipelines 23 . 24 is chosen so that the sum of the cross sections of the channel sections 23 . 24 the cross section of the non-branched heat transfer fluid channel 10 equivalent. In the 2 is an example of a branch into two channel sections 23 . 24 shown. Such a branch causes an enlargement of the heat transfer surface between the heat transfer fluid 34 and the phase change material 20 , In addition, allow multiple channel sections 23 . 24 , the phase change material 20 at different locations within the container 2 to load. In a lid of the container 2 facing end portion of each channel section 23 . 24 is each a valve 25 to open and close one behind the valve 25 lying part of the channel section 23 . 24 arranged. By closing one of the valves 25 the channel sections 23 . 24 becomes a flow through one of the channel sections 23 . 24 through the heat transfer fluid 34 prevents, which is responsible for a flow through the heat transfer fluid duct 10 available cross-sectional area decreases and the flow velocity of the heat transfer fluid 34 within the at least one remaining channel section 23 . 24 increased. In the illustrated case of two channel sections 23 . 24 Halves the flow cross-sectional area and doubles the flow velocity.

The 3 shows a schematic view of a steam bath sauna 26 , This includes a sauna room 27 with four walls, a floor and a roof that has an interior 28 Are defined. Inside the sauna room 27 there is an evaporation device 1 according to the first embodiment of the invention, so that the steam outlet opening 19 the evaporation device 1 in fluid communication with the interior 28 the sauna room 27 stands. In the interior 28 the sauna room 27 There is also a sitting and / or sunbathing bench 29 for steam sauna guests.

The steam bath sauna 26 also has an energy supply system powered by ecologically sustainable energy sources 30 on which a supply device for electrical energy 31 namely, a wind generator for converting wind energy into electrical energy. The wind generator 31 is on the roof of the sauna room 27 mounted and via an electrical line 32 with the resistance heating 9 connected. It also includes the energy supply system 30 a thermal energy delivery device 33 namely, a solar thermal collector for converting solar energy into thermal energy. The solar thermal collector 33 is also on the roof of the sauna room 27 mounted and via heat transfer fluid lines 13 . 14 forming a closed heat transfer fluid circuit with the connections of the heat transfer fluid duct 10 connected. In the heat transfer fluid circulating in the heat transfer fluid circuit 34 it is water. In one of the walls of the sauna room 27 is a heat transfer fluid connection 35 for supplying and / or refilling heat transfer fluid 34 arranged in the heat transfer fluid circuit, via a line piece 36 with the heat transfer fluid line 14 fluidly connected. In the same heat transfer fluid line 14 is a pump 37 for moving the heat transfer fluid 34 disposed within the heat transfer fluid circuit.

The steam bath sauna 26 also includes a controller 38 , which is adapted to the release of thermal energy to the receiving space 5 the evaporation device 1 to control.

The further includes the steam bath sauna 26 a pressure sensor for measuring the pressure of the heat transfer fluid 34 and a pressure regulating device for adjusting the pressure of the heat transfer fluid 34 , For the sake of clarity, neither the pressure sensor nor the pressure regulating device are shown in the drawing.

For the liquid to be evaporated 17 it is fresh water that comes through a fresh water pipe 39 , which at one end with a connection of the evaporation channel 15 and at the other end with a fresh water connection 40 connected in the wall of the sauna room 27 is arranged, in which also the heat transfer fluid connection 35 located, the evaporation channel 15 can be forwarded.

During operation of the steam bath sauna 26 are the heat transfer fluid 10 and evaporation channels 15 in opposite directions with water 17 . 34 flows through. While the heat transfer fluid 34 the heat transfer fluid channel 10 flows through from top to bottom, flows through the fresh water 17 the evaporation channel 15 from the bottom up.

The steam bath sauna 26 is by means of the controller 38 controlled such that the circulating in the heat transfer fluid circuit water 34 during the process of loading the phase change material 20 the phase changes. First, the pressure of the water 34 increased by the pressure regulating device from 1 bar to 2.7 bar, causing the evaporation temperature of the water 34 increased from 100 ° C to 130 ° C. The water 34 then evaporates at a heat input by solar radiation in the solar thermal collector 33 and gets under the suction of the pump 37 in the vapor state 34b the heat transfer fluid channel 10 fed. Within the heat transfer fluid channel 10 the water condenses 34 when the latent heat is released from the vapor 34b in the liquid state 34a , Part of the latent heat released is via the wall of the heat transfer fluid channel 10 to the phase change material 20 in the recording room 5 of the container 2 transferred and absorbed by this, so that part 20b of the phase change material 20 melts. The melting of the phase change material 20 is by means of resistance heating 9 supports, with electricity from the wind generator 26 is operated. For complete loading of the phase change material 20 As long as thermal energy from the heat transfer fluid 34 or from the resistance heater 9 to the phase change material 20 delivered until the phase change material 20 completely melted. By means of the controller 38 is the flow rate of the water 34 to the loading state of the phase change material 20 and / or to the temperature of the steam 34b adjusted to thereby increase or decrease the available heat transfer time.

During a discharge process of the phase change material 20 becomes part of the phase change material 20 stored thermal energy over the wall of the evaporation channel 15 to the liquid fresh water 17a transferred, which at a pressure of 1 bar and an evaporation temperature of about 100 ° C at sea level through the evaporation channel 15 flows. As the evaporation temperature of the fresh water 17 below the melting temperature of the phase change material 20 If there is a discharge of the phase change material 20 and evaporation of the fresh water 17 , The discharge solidifies a part 20a of the phase change material 20 , The generated water vapor 17b is then through the steam outlet 19 in the interior 28 the sauna room 27 directed, with the temperature and the steam content inside the sauna room 27 can be controlled by the amount of steam generated and / or the steam temperature.

Depending on which day and / or night time the steam bath sauna plant is used, the loading and unloading of the phase change material takes place 20 simultaneously or temporally staggered.

The 4 shows a schematic view of a heating system 41 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The components of the heating system 41 essentially correspond to those of the steam bath sauna described above 26 , The heating system 41 however, does not have resistance heating 9 as well as no fresh water connection 40 and no fresh water pipe 39 on. Because the heat absorption channel 15 the heating system 41 is in contrast to the heat receiving channel 15 the evaporation device 1 not as evaporation channel for water 17 educated. Also the sauna room 27 , inside the heating system 41 can be located in the 4 for the sake of clarity not shown.

Accordingly, the operation of the heating system differs 41 only in a few details of the previously described operation of a steam bath sauna 26 , So will in the heat receiving channel 15 the heating system 41 no water 17 but heated air, with the heated air the heat receiving channel 15 via an air outlet opening 19 leaves and aufheizende air through an air inlet opening 42 nachströmt.

With regard to further advantages of the above-described evaporation devices according to the invention and of the steam bath sauna installation according to the invention and / or the heating installation according to the invention, reference is made to the general description part in order to avoid repetition.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

 Evaporation device

2

 container

3

 ground

4

 arrow

5

 accommodation space

6

 Wall of the container

7

 outer sheath

8th

 Through openings

9

 resistance heating

10

 Heat transfer fluid channel

11

 End of the heat transfer fluid channel

12

 End of the heat transfer fluid channel

13

 Heat transfer fluid line

14

 Heat transfer fluid line

15

 Heat absorption channel

16

 End of the heat absorption channel

17

 liquid to be evaporated

17a

 liquid fresh water

17b

 Fresh water vapor

18

 End of the heat absorption channel

19

 Steam and / or air outlet opening

20

 Phase change material (PCM)

20a

 solid PCM

20b

 liquid PCM

21

 Channel section of the heat-receiving channel

22

 Channel section of the heat-receiving channel

23

 Channel section of the heat transfer fluid channel

24

 Channel section of the heat transfer fluid channel

25

 Valve

26

 Steam bath (plant)

27

 sauna cabin

28

 inner space

29

 Sitting and / or sunbathing bench

30

 Energy supply system

31

 Electric power supply device (e.g., wind generator)

32

 electrical line

33

 Thermal energy delivery device (e.g., solar thermal collector)

34

 Heat transfer fluid

34a

 liquid heat transfer fluid

34b

 vaporous heat transfer fluid

35

 Heat transfer fluid connection

36

 line section

37

 pump

38

 control

39

 Fresh water pipe

40

 Fresh water connection

41

 heating system

42

 Air inlet opening

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102007047567 A1 [0002]
• DE 202012101501 U1 [0003, 0005, 0005]

Claims (50)

Evaporation device ( 1 ), in particular for the operation of a steam bath sauna ( 26 ), with a container ( 2 ), which has a receiving space ( 5 ) for a phase change material ( 20 ), and heating means ( 9 . 10 ), which are designed to transfer thermal energy to the receiving space ( 5 ) and a melting of a phase change material therein ( 20 ), characterized in that at least one heat absorption channel designed as an evaporation channel ( 15 ) within the recording room ( 5 ) arranged at its one end ( 16 ) a connection for the supply of a heat to be evaporated under heat absorption ( 17 ) and at the other end ( 18 ) a steam outlet ( 19 ) having. Evaporation device ( 1 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that in the receiving space ( 5 ) a phase change material ( 20 ) which is in thermal contact with both the wall of the evaporation channel ( 15 ) as well as with the heating means ( 9 . 10 ) stands. Evaporation device ( 1 ) according to claim 2, characterized in that the phase change material ( 20 ) has a melting temperature between 110 ° C and 140 ° C, preferably between 110 ° C and 120 ° C, wherein the phase change material ( 20 ) is preferably erythritol. Evaporation device ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the evaporation channel ( 15 ) within the container ( 2 ) behind its connection in several parallel-flow channel sections ( 21 . 22 Branched, in front of the steam outlet ( 19 ) are merged again, wherein the channel sections ( 21 . 22 ) in particular at least substantially parallel to each other. Evaporation device ( 1 ) according to claim 4, characterized in that in at least one of the channel sections ( 21 . 22 ) a valve ( 25 ) arranged by means of a controller ( 38 ) can be opened and closed to allow a flow through the rear of the valve ( 25 ) lying part of the channel section ( 21 . 22 ) to enable or prevent. Evaporation device ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the two ends ( 16 . 18 ) of the evaporation channel ( 15 ) each within an associated passage opening ( 8th ) of the wall ( 6 ) of the container ( 2 ) or from the container ( 2 ) protrude. Evaporation device ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the container ( 2 ) has a hollow cylindrical shape. Evaporation device ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a heat-insulating wall ( 6 ) of the container ( 2 ) at least partially enclosing outer shell ( 7 ) and / or the container ( 2 ) is provided with a vacuum insulation. Evaporation device ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heating means ( 9 . 10 ) an electrically operated heating device ( 9 ), in particular a resistance heater, a radiant heater and / or an induction heater. Evaporation device ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heating means ( 9 . 10 ) at least one heat transfer fluid channel ( 10 ) located within the recording room ( 5 ) is arranged and the end connections for connection to heat transfer fluid ( 13 . 14 ) of a heat transfer fluid circuit for supplying thermal energy from a thermal energy supply device ( 33 ), in particular a solar thermal collector and / or an aerothermal generator. Evaporation device ( 1 ) according to claim 10, characterized in that the heat transfer fluid channel ( 10 ) within the container ( 2 ) behind its one connection in several parallel-flow channel sections ( 23 . 24 ) branched before the other connection of the heat transfer fluid channel ( 10 ) are merged again, wherein the channel sections ( 23 . 24 ) in particular at least substantially parallel to each other. Evaporation device ( 1 ) according to claim 11, characterized in that in at least one of the channel sections ( 23 . 24 ) a valve ( 25 ) arranged by means of a controller ( 33 ) can be opened and closed to allow a flow through one behind the valve ( 25 ) lying part of the channel section ( 23 . 24 ) to enable or prevent. Evaporation device ( 1 ) according to one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that the two ends ( 11 . 12 ) of the heat transfer fluid channel ( 10 ) each within an associated passage opening ( 8th ) of the wall ( 6 ) of the container ( 2 ) or from the container ( 2 ) protrude. Evaporation device ( 1 ) according to one of claims 10 to 13, characterized that the at least one evaporation channel ( 15 ) and / or the at least one heat transfer fluid channel ( 10 ) between two opposite sides of the container ( 2 ), for example, in the vertical direction, extend. Evaporation device ( 1 ) according to one of claims 10 to 14, characterized in that the evaporation ( 15 ) and heat transfer fluid channels ( 10 ) at least substantially parallel to each other. Evaporation device ( 1 ) according to one of claims 10 to 15, characterized in that the at least one evaporation channel ( 15 ) and / or the at least one heat transfer fluid channel ( 10 ) are formed as pipes, in particular as rectilinear, hollow cylindrical pipes and / or as in particular rectilinear shafts with an at least substantially rectangular cross-section. Evaporation device ( 1 ) according to one of claims 10 to 16, characterized in that it is in the evaporation channel ( 15 ) and the heat transfer fluid channel ( 10 ) are countercurrent channels. Steam bath sauna ( 26 ) with a sauna cabin ( 27 ), an evaporation device ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 17 and an energy supply system ( 30 ), which is fed in particular by wind energy and / or solar energy and / or other ecologically sustainable energy sources and via lines ( 13 . 14 . 32 ) with the heating means ( 9 . 10 ) of the evaporation device ( 1 ) connected is. Steam bath sauna ( 26 ) according to claim 18, characterized in that the energy supply system ( 30 ) a thermal energy delivery device ( 33 ), in particular a solar thermal collector for converting solar energy into thermal energy and / or an aerothermal generator for converting wind energy into thermal energy, and in that the heating means ( 9 . 10 ) of the evaporation device ( 1 ) a heat transfer fluid channel ( 10 ) located within the recording room ( 5 ) is arranged and has end connections, which via heat transfer fluid lines ( 13 . 14 ) to form a closed heat transfer fluid circuit with the thermal energy supply device ( 33 ) are connected. Steam bath sauna ( 26 ) according to claim 19, characterized in that in a heat transfer fluid line ( 13 . 14 ) between the evaporation device ( 1 ) and the thermal energy delivery device ( 33 ) a pump ( 37 ) for moving a heat transfer fluid ( 34 ) is disposed within the heat transfer fluid circuit. Steam bath sauna ( 26 ) according to claim 19 or 20, characterized in that it further comprises a heat transfer fluid connection ( 35 ) for supplying and / or refilling heat transfer fluid ( 34 ) in the heat transfer fluid circuit, which via a line piece ( 36 ) with one of the heat transfer fluid lines ( 13 . 14 ) is fluidly connected. Steam bath sauna ( 26 ) according to one of claims 19 to 21, characterized in that the heat transfer fluid ( 34 ) Thermal oil, water or a mixture of water and antifreeze and in particular a two-phase heat transfer fluid ( 34 ). Steam bath sauna ( 26 ) according to any one of claims 19 to 22, characterized in that the thermal energy supply device ( 33 ) is formed such that the heat transfer fluid ( 34 ) at a heat input, in particular by solar radiation and / or aerothermal heat, in the supply device for thermal energy ( 33 ) evaporates to the vapor in the heat carrier fluid channel ( 10 ). Steam bath sauna ( 26 ) according to one of claims 18 to 23, characterized in that the energy supply system ( 30 ) an electrical energy delivery device ( 31 ), in particular a photovoltaic system for converting solar energy into electrical energy and / or a wind generator for converting wind energy into electrical energy, and in that the heating means ( 9 . 10 ) of the evaporation device ( 1 ) an electrically operated heating device ( 9 ), which are connected via an electrical line ( 32 ) with the electrical energy delivery device ( 31 ) connected is. Steam bath sauna ( 26 ) according to one of claims 18 to 24, characterized in that a controller ( 38 ), which is adapted to the delivery of thermal energy to the receiving space ( 5 ) of the evaporation device ( 1 ). Steam bath sauna ( 26 ) according to claim 25, characterized in that the energy supply system ( 30 ) one Supply device for thermal energy ( 33 ) and that the heating means ( 9 . 10 ) of the evaporation device ( 1 ) a heat transfer fluid channel ( 10 ) located within the recording room ( 5 ) is arranged and has end connections, which via heat transfer fluid lines ( 13 . 14 ) to form a closed heat transfer fluid circuit with the thermal energy supply device ( 33 ), the controller ( 38 ) is adapted to the flow of the heat transfer fluid ( 34 ) within the heat transfer fluid circuit. Steam bath sauna ( 26 ) according to one of claims 18 to 26, characterized in that the evaporation device ( 1 ) within the sauna room ( 27 ) and the steam outlet ( 19 ) of the evaporation device ( 1 ) in fluid communication with the interior ( 28 ) of the sauna room ( 27 ) stands. Steam bath sauna ( 26 ) according to one of claims 18 to 27, characterized in that it comprises a thermoelectric generator for converting in which in the receiving space ( 5 ) phase change material ( 20 ) stored thermal energy into electrical energy in the steam bath sauna ( 26 ) to operate required electrical equipment. Heating system ( 41 ), in particular for the operation of a sauna, with a container ( 2 ), which has a receiving space ( 5 ) for a phase change material ( 20 ), and at least one heat receiving channel ( 15 ) within the recording room ( 5 ) and from the receiving space ( 5 ) can absorb absorbed thermal energy, characterized in that within the receiving space ( 5 ) at least one heat transfer fluid channel ( 10 ) is arranged, the end over heat transfer fluid lines ( 13 . 14 ) to form a closed heat transfer fluid circuit with a thermal energy supply device ( 33 ), in particular a solar thermal collector and / or an aerothermal generator, wherein the heating system ( 41 ) by means of a controller ( 38 ) is controlled such that a circulating in the heat carrier fluid circuit heat transfer fluid ( 34 ) during operation of the heating system ( 41 ) the phase changes, wherein the heat transfer fluid ( 34 ) in the thermal energy delivery device ( 33 ) evaporated by heat input and later in the heat transfer fluid channel ( 10 ) by emitting thermal energy to the receiving space ( 5 ) condenses. Heating system ( 41 ) according to claim 29, characterized in that in the receiving space ( 5 ) a phase change material ( 20 ) which is in thermal contact with both the wall of the heat-receiving channel ( 15 ) as well as with the wall of the heat transfer fluid channel ( 10 ) and which is designed such that, during its loading, it is released by a release of thermal energy from the heat transfer fluid ( 34 ) over the wall of the heat transfer fluid channel ( 10 ) to the recording room ( 5 ) and during its discharge by a release of thermal energy from the receiving space ( 5 ) to the heat receiving channel ( 15 ), wherein the loading and unloading of the phase change material ( 20 ) takes place either simultaneously or with a time offset. Heating system ( 41 ) according to claim 30, characterized in that by means of the control ( 38 ) is controlled such that thermal energy from the heat transfer fluid ( 34 ) to the recording room ( 5 ) is discharged until the phase change material ( 20 ) is completely melted. Heating system ( 41 ) according to claim 30 or 31, characterized in that the phase change material ( 20 ) has a melting temperature between 110 ° C and 140 ° C, preferably between 110 ° C and 120 ° C, wherein the phase change material ( 20 ) is preferably erythritol. Heating system ( 41 ) according to one of claims 29 to 32, characterized in that the heat receiving channel ( 15 ) and / or the heat transfer fluid channel ( 10 ) within the container ( 2 ) behind its one end ( 11 . 16 ) in several parallel-flow channel sections ( 21 . 22 . 23 . 24 ) branched out before its other end ( 12 . 18 ) are merged again, wherein the channel sections ( 21 . 22 . 23 . 24 ) in particular at least substantially parallel to each other. Heating system ( 41 ) according to claim 33, characterized in that in at least one of the channel sections ( 21 . 22 . 23 . 24 ) a valve ( 25 ) arranged by means of the controller ( 38 ) can be opened and closed to allow a flow through the rear of the valve ( 25 ) lying part of the channel section ( 21 . 22 . 23 . 24 ) to enable or prevent. Heating system ( 41 ) according to one of claims 29 to 34, characterized in that the two ends ( 16 . 18 ) of the heat receiving channel ( 15 ) and / or the two ends ( 11 . 12 ) of the heat transfer fluid channel ( 10 ) each within an associated passage opening ( 8th ) of the wall ( 6 ) of the container ( 2 ) or from the container ( 2 ) protrude. Heating system ( 41 ) according to one of claims 29 to 35, characterized in that the at least one heat receiving channel ( 15 ) and / or the at least one heat transfer fluid channel ( 10 ) between two opposite sides of the container ( 2 ), for example, in the vertical direction, extend. Heating system ( 41 ) according to one of claims 29 to 36, characterized in that the heat absorption ( 15 ) and heat transfer fluid channels ( 10 ) at least substantially parallel to each other. Heating system ( 41 ) according to any one of claims 29 to 37, characterized in that it is in the heat receiving channel ( 15 ) and the heat transfer fluid channel ( 10 ) are countercurrent channels. Heating system ( 41 ) according to one of claims 29 to 38, characterized in that the heat receiving channel ( 15 ) at one end ( 16 ) an air inlet opening ( 42 ) and at the other end ( 18 ) an air outlet opening ( 19 ) or at one end ( 16 ) a connection for a supply line for a heat-to-evaporate liquid ( 17 ) and at the other end ( 18 ) a steam outlet ( 19 ) having. Heating system ( 41 ) according to one of claims 29 to 39, characterized in that the container ( 2 ) has a hollow cylindrical shape. Heating system ( 41 ) according to one of claims 29 to 40, characterized in that it comprises a heat-insulating wall ( 6 ) of the container ( 2 ) at least partially enclosing outer shell ( 7 ) and / or the container ( 2 ) is provided with a vacuum insulation. Heating system ( 41 ) according to one of claims 29 to 41, characterized in that the heat transfer fluid ( 34 ) Thermal oil, water or a mixture of water and antifreeze is. Heating system ( 41 ) according to one of claims 29 to 42, characterized in that it comprises a heat transfer fluid connection ( 35 ) for supplying and / or refilling heat transfer fluid ( 34 ) in the heat transfer fluid circuit. Heating system ( 41 ) according to one of claims 29 to 43, characterized in that in a heat transfer fluid line ( 13 . 14 ) between the heat transfer fluid channel ( 10 ) and the thermal energy delivery device ( 33 ) a pump ( 37 ) for moving the liquid and / or vaporous heat transfer fluid ( 34 . 34a . 34b ) is disposed within the heat transfer fluid circuit. Heating system ( 41 ) according to one of claims 29 to 44, characterized in that it comprises at least one temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of the heat transfer fluid ( 34 ). Heating system ( 41 ) according to one of claims 29 to 45, characterized in that it comprises at least one pressure sensor for measuring the pressure of the heat transfer fluid ( 34 ). Heating system ( 41 ) according to one of claims 29 to 46, characterized in that the thermal energy supply device ( 33 ) an electrically operated heating device, in particular a resistance heater, a radiant heater and / or an induction heater, for heating the heat transfer fluid ( 34 ). Heating system ( 41 ) according to one of claims 29 to 47, characterized in that it comprises a pressure regulating device for adjusting the pressure of the heat transfer fluid ( 34 ). Heating system ( 41 ) according to claim 48, characterized in that by means of the control ( 38 ) is controlled such that the evaporation temperature of the heat transfer fluid ( 34 ) can be changed by the pressure of the heat transfer fluid ( 34 ) is changed by means of the pressure regulating device. Heating system ( 41 ) according to claim 49, characterized in that the heat transfer fluid ( 34 ) Water is and that the heating system ( 41 ) by means of the controller ( 38 ) is controlled so that the evaporation temperature of the water can be increased from 100 ° C to 130 ° C by the water pressure by means of the pressure regulating device of 1 bar to 2.7 bar is increased.

Images