DE202016100525U1 - Schallabsorptionslement - Google Patents
Schallabsorptionslement Download PDFInfo
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- DE202016100525U1 DE202016100525U1 DE202016100525.6U DE202016100525U DE202016100525U1 DE 202016100525 U1 DE202016100525 U1 DE 202016100525U1 DE 202016100525 U DE202016100525 U DE 202016100525U DE 202016100525 U1 DE202016100525 U1 DE 202016100525U1
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- sound absorption
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- element according
- composite element
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Civil Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
Schallabsorptionselement aus einem Verbundelement (1) umfassend mindestens zwei Schallabsorptionslagen (2, 3) mit unterschiedlichem Schallabsorptionsvermögen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, – dass zur Absorption von hochfrequenten sowie mittelfrequenten Schallwellen mindestens eine erste Schallabsorptionslage (2) vorgesehen ist, wobei diese erste Schallabsorptionslage (2) eine eigensteife Platte ist, die aus Fasern eines Faservlies besteht, welches unter Druck- und Temperatureinwirkung verfestigt worden ist, – dass mindestens eine weitere Schallabsorptionslage (3) vorgesehen ist, welche der Absorption von niederfrequenten Schallwellen dient und – wobei die beiden Schallabsorptionslagen (2, 3) über eine schalldurchlässige Klebschicht zu dem Verbundelement (1) verbunden sind und – dieses Verbundelement (1) auch ohne zusätzliche Tragelemente eigensteif ausgebildet ist.Sound absorption element comprising a composite element (1) comprising at least two sound absorption layers (2, 3) with different sound absorption capacity, characterized in that - at least a first sound absorption layer (2) is provided for absorbing high frequency and medium frequency sound waves, said first sound absorption layer (2) having a is inherently rigid plate which consists of fibers of a nonwoven fabric which has been solidified under pressure and temperature action, - that at least one further sound absorption layer (3) is provided, which serves the absorption of low-frequency sound waves and - wherein the two sound absorption layers (2, 3 ) are connected via a sound-permeable adhesive layer to the composite element (1) and - this composite element (1) is formed intrinsically stiff even without additional support elements.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Schallabsorptionselement aus einem selbsttragenden Verbundelement, welches mindestens zwei Schallabsorptionslagen mit jeweils unterschiedlichem Schallabsorptionsvermögen umfasst.The invention relates to a sound absorption element made of a self-supporting composite element, which comprises at least two sound absorption layers each having a different sound absorption capacity.
Bekannt sind Schallschutzelemente für Bauten, insbesondere Decken und Wandverkleidungen, welche aus Faserplatten bestehen, wobei vor dem Verpressen die Fasern mit einem Bindemittel versetzt werden, welches beim Verpressen aushärtet. Dies ist beschrieben im Dokument
Aus dem Dokument
Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht darin, ein Schallabsorptionselement zur Verfügung zu stellen, welches eine hohe Schalldrucksenkung über den gesamten Frequenzbereich zeigt, entsprechend einer gewünschten Absorptionscharakteristik aufgebaut und in einfacher Weise hergestellt werden kann. Ein solches Schallabsorptionselement soll insbesondere als Schallschutzelement bei Bauten, wie z. B. Böden, Decken, Wände, Raumteiler oder Möbelplatten einsetzbar sein.The object of the present invention is to provide a sound absorption element which exhibits a high sound pressure reduction over the entire frequency range, can be constructed according to a desired absorption characteristic and can be produced in a simple manner. Such a sound absorption element is intended in particular as a soundproofing element in buildings, such. As floors, ceilings, walls, room divider or furniture panels can be used.
Diese Aufgabe wird mit einem Schallabsorptionselement mit den Merkmalen des Anspruches 1 erfüllt. Dieses Schallabsorptionselement ist ein Verbundelement, welches mehrere Lagen umfasst, nämlich mindestens zwei Schallabsorptionslagen mit unterschiedlichem Schallabsorptionsvermögen. Eine erste Schallabsorptionslage dient zur Absorption von Schallwellen im Hochfrequenzbereich, nämlich von 10000 bis 20000 Hz, sowie im Mittelfrequenzbereich, nämlich von 1000 bis 10000 Hz. Eine weitere Schallabsorptionslage dient zur Absorption von Schallwellen im Niederfrequenzbereich, d. h. unter 1000 Hz.This object is achieved with a sound absorption element having the features of
Bei einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist die zweite Schallabsorptionslage dabei zwischen der ersten Schallabsorptionslage auf der einen Seite und einer schallundurchlässigen Trennschicht auf der anderen Seite angeordnet.In one embodiment of the invention, the second sound absorption layer is arranged between the first sound absorption layer on one side and a sound-impermeable separation layer on the other side.
Die einzelnen Lagen des Verbundelementes sind miteinander verklebt.The individual layers of the composite element are glued together.
Bei der ersten Schallabsorptionslage handelt es sich um eine eigensteife Platte, die aus Faservlies hergestellt wurde, wobei ausschließlich Fasern das Faservlies bilden und keine Bindemittel vorgesehen sind, die unter Druck und Temperatureinwirkung ein Faservlies verfestigen. Für eine eigensteife Platte wird ein Faservlies je nach gewünschter Dicke der ersten Schallabsorptionslage, einer eigensteifen Platte, verpresst. Dies ist ohne Bindemittel möglich, da das Faservlies Schmelzfasern enthält, die beim Verpressen zumindest angeschmolzen werden und den notwendigen Verbund der Fasern gewährleisten. Das Faservlies für die eigensteife Platte besteht vor der Verfestigung aus einer Mischung von Schmelzfasern einerseits sowie flammfesten Synthesefasern und/oder Naturfasern andererseits. Bei den Synthesefasern kann es sich um Fasern aus Polyester, Viskose, Polyamid oder einem Polyolefin handeln. Bevorzugt werden Polyesterfasern für solche Faservliese eingesetzt. Als Schmelzfasern dienen Fasern aus thermoplastischen Kunststoffen, wie beispielsweise Polyethylenterephthalat (PET). Eine Mischung für ein Faservlies, aus dem eine eigensteife Platte hergestellt wird, umfasst insbesondere einen Anteil von 20 bis 60% Schmelzfasern, vorzugsweise einen Anteil von 40% Schmelzfasern. Die Mischung der Fasern wird zu einem Faservlies vorverfestigt, ggf. genadelt und so entstandene Faservliesmatten unter Temperatur und Druckbedingungen zu einer eigensteifen Platte verpresst. Dieser Pressvorgang kann so gesteuert werden, dass die eigensteife Platte über ihre gesamte Dicke eine einheitliche Dichte aufweist, d. h. homogen aufgebaut ist. Eine solche Verpressung kann auch so durchgeführt werden, dass die Platten an ihren Außenseiten eine höhere Dichte aufweisen als im Inneren. Bevorzugt werden jedoch eine homogen aufgebaute eigensteife Platten für das erfindungsgemäße Verbundelement. Diese eigensteife Platte, die durch Verfestigung von Faservliesen hergestellt wird, absorbiert Schallwellen im Hoch- und Mittelfrequenzbereich. Nachweislich führen solche Faservliesplatten zu einer Schalldrucksenkung von mindestens 3 bis 5 dB im Bereich von 500 bis 10000 Hz, wobei die Schalldrucksenkung abhängig von der Dicke einer solchen eigensteifen Platte ist. Aufgrund der Verwendung dieser eigensteifen Platte für das Verbundelement sind weitere, zusätzliche Tragelemente für ein Schallabsorptionselement nicht notwendig.The first sound absorption layer is an intrinsically stiff plate which was produced from nonwoven fabric, with only fibers forming the nonwoven fabric and no binders being provided which solidify a nonwoven fabric under pressure and the effect of temperature. Depending on the desired thickness of the first sound absorption layer, an inherently rigid plate, a nonwoven fabric is pressed for an inherently rigid plate. This is possible without a binder, since the non-woven fabric contains melt fibers, which are at least melted during pressing and ensure the necessary bond of the fibers. The nonwoven fabric for the inherently rigid plate prior to solidification consists of a mixture of melt fibers on the one hand and flameproof synthetic fibers and / or natural fibers on the other hand. The synthetic fibers may be fibers of polyester, viscose, polyamide or a polyolefin. Polyester fibers are preferably used for such nonwoven fabrics. The melt fibers used are fibers made of thermoplastics, such as, for example, polyethylene terephthalate (PET). A blend for a non-woven fabric from which a rigid sheet is made, in particular comprises a proportion of 20 to 60% melt fibers, preferably a share of 40% melt fibers. The mixture of the fibers is preconsolidated to a non-woven fabric, possibly needled and pressed resulting nonwoven mats under temperature and pressure conditions to an intrinsically rigid plate. This pressing process can be controlled so that the inherently rigid plate has a uniform density over its entire thickness, d. H. is constructed homogeneously. Such a compression can also be carried out so that the plates on their outer sides have a higher density than in the interior. However, preference is given to a homogeneously constructed inherently rigid plates for the composite element according to the invention. This inherently rigid plate, which is made by solidifying fiber webs, absorbs sound waves in the high and medium frequency range. As can be seen, such nonwoven fibreboard leads to a sound pressure reduction of at least 3 to 5 dB in the range of 500 to 10,000 Hz, the sound pressure reduction is dependent on the thickness of such intrinsically rigid plate. Due to the use of this intrinsically rigid plate for the composite element, additional, additional support elements for a sound absorption element are not necessary.
Die in dem Verbundelement enthaltene zweite Schallabsorptionslage zur Absorption von niederfrequenten Schallwellen, d. h. von Schallwellen im tieftonalen Bereich unter 1.000 Hz, wird entweder das aus dem Dokument
Das Verbundelement ist dabei vorzugsweise so aufgebaut, dass die erste Schallabsorptionslage die Lage ist, welche zuerst von den Schallwellen durchdrungen wird. Dahinter ist die zweite Schallabsorptionslage vorgesehen. Die Schallwellen treffen dann auf eine Trennschicht, welche schallundurchlässig ist. Diese Trennschicht reflektiert die Schallwellen und leitet auf diese Weise die Schallwellen wieder durch die Schallabsorptionslagen, was zu einem höheren Absorptionsgrad führt. Bei einer solchen schallundurchlässigen Trennschicht kann es sich um eine Folie handeln.The composite element is preferably constructed such that the first sound absorption layer is the layer which is first penetrated by the sound waves. Behind the second sound absorption layer is provided. The sound waves then hit a separating layer, which is sound-impermeable. This separating layer reflects the sound waves and in this way redirects the sound waves through the sound absorption layers, which leads to a higher degree of absorption. Such a sound-impermeable separating layer may be a film.
Wird das Schallabsorptionselement insbesondere von einer Seite von Schall belastet, beispielsweise bei Raumdecken, Raumwänden oder Böden, so stellt die Trennschicht die Rückseite des Schallabsorptionselements dar. Bei Schallabsorptionselementen, die beidseitig von Schallwellen beaufschlagt werden, wie z. B. bei Raumteilern für Großraumbüros oder Zwischenwänden in Industriehallen, umfasst das Verbundelement auf beiden Seiten der Trennschicht Schallabsorptionslagen, d. h. beidseitig der Trennschicht sind eine erste und zweite Schallabsorptionslage vorgesehen. Ein solches Verbundelement kann symmetrisch aufgebaut sein. Bei einer unterschiedlichen Lärmbelastung auf den beiden Seiten des einzusetzenden Schallabsorptionselementes können die einzelnen Schallabsorptionslagen auch unterschiedlich dick auf den beiden Seiten der Trennschicht sein. vorgesehen sein. Die schallundurchlässige Trennschicht kann in einem solchen Verbundelement aus einer Klebefolie bestehen, die die benachbarten Schallabsorptionslagen, beispielsweise die benachbarten Schaumplatten, mit dieser Trennschicht verbindet.If the sound absorption element is particularly stressed from one side of sound, for example in ceilings, room walls or floors, so the separation layer is the back of the sound absorption element. In sound absorption elements, which are acted upon by sound waves on both sides, such. As in room dividers for open plan offices or partitions in industrial halls, the composite element comprises on both sides of the separation layer sound absorption layers, d. H. On both sides of the separating layer, a first and second sound absorption layer are provided. Such a composite element can be constructed symmetrically. At a different noise load on the two sides of the sound absorption element to be used, the individual sound absorption layers may also be different thickness on the two sides of the release layer. be provided. The sound-impermeable separating layer can consist of an adhesive film in such a composite element, which connects the adjacent sound absorption layers, for example the adjacent foam plates, with this separating layer.
Bei einer besonderen Ausführungsform kann die Trennschicht auch aus einer Schwerschichtfolie bestehen. Hierbei handelt es sich um eine Polymerfolie mit einer Mineralpartikelfüllung. Eine solche Schwerschichtfolie dient zur Absorption von Körperschall, d. h. insbesondere zur Trittschalldämmung.In a particular embodiment, the release layer can also consist of a heavy-layer film. This is a polymer film with a mineral particle filling. Such a heavy-layer foil serves to absorb structure-borne noise, i. H. especially for impact sound insulation.
Je nach Anwendungszweck besitzt das Verbundelement für das Schallabsorptionselement an einer oder beiden Außenflächen eine dekorative oder funktionale Abdeckung. Eine solche Abdeckung ist offenporig, damit die Schallwellen ungehindert in das Schallabsorptionselement eindringen können. Bei einer dekorativen Abdeckung handelt es sich beispielsweise um ein textiles Flächenelement, wie z. B. eine textile Stoffbespannung. Bei einer anderen Ausführungsform wird das Schallabsorptionselement durch einen offenporigen Lack oder einer Folie als Abdeckung farbig gestaltet oder mit einem Muster versehen. Zur Verbesserung sowohl der Optik als auch der Haptik wird als offenporige Abdeckung eine Beflockung vorgesehen.Depending on the application, the composite element for the sound absorption element on one or both outer surfaces has a decorative or functional cover. Such a cover is open-pored, so that the sound waves can penetrate unhindered into the sound absorption element. In a decorative cover is, for example, a textile surface element, such. B. a textile fabric cover. In another embodiment, the sound absorbing member is colored by an open-pore paint or a film as a cover or provided with a pattern. To improve both the appearance and the haptic flocking is provided as an open-pored cover.
Das Verbundelement für das Schallabsorptionselement kann in einfacher Weise in einem Arbeitsgang hergestellt werden, indem die einzelnen Lagen zu einer entsprechenden Schichtung angeordnet und dann zu dem Verbundelement verspresst werden. Damit bei einem solchen Vorgang die einzelnen Lagen im Verbundelement miteinander verbunden werden, insbesondere verklebt werden, können zwischen den einzelnen Lagen entsprechende schalldurchlässige Klebeschichten vorgesehen werden. Für solche Klebeschichten werden geeignete Schmelzklebestoffe verwendet, die pulverförmig oder pastös auf die einzelnen Lagen aufgebracht werden. Hierbei wird die Auftragung punktförmig oder zumindest teilflächig vorgenommen, um sicherzustellen, dass nach der Verpressung eine schalldurchlässige Klebeschicht vorhanden ist. Anstatt einer Punktbeschichtung kann auch eine Klebstofflage zwischen die einzelnen Lagen eingelegt werden, wobei diese Klebstofflage entsprechende Öffnung aufweist, um ebenfalls nach der Verpressung eine schalldurchlässige Klebeschicht zu erzielen. Hierbei kann es sich beispielsweise um Schmelzklebevliese, um perforierte oder geschlitzte Selbstklebefolien oder um perforierte Schmelzklebefilme handeln.The composite element for the sound absorption element can be produced in a simple manner in a single operation by arranging the individual layers into a corresponding layer and then pressing them into the composite element. In order for the individual layers in the composite element to be connected to one another in such a process, in particular adhesively bonded, corresponding sound-permeable adhesive layers can be provided between the individual layers. For such adhesive layers suitable hot melt adhesives are used, which are applied powdery or pasty to the individual layers. Here, the application is punctiform or at least partially made to ensure that after pressing a sound-permeable adhesive layer is present. Instead of a point coating can also be an adhesive layer between the individual layers are inserted, this adhesive layer has corresponding opening to also achieve a sound-permeable adhesive layer after pressing. These may be, for example, hot melt adhesive tapes, perforated or slotted self-adhesive films or perforated hot melt adhesive films.
Bei einer einfachen Ausführungsform eines Verbundelements bestehend aus einer eigensteifen Platte als erste Schallabsorptionslage und eine Schaumplatte als zweite Schallabsorptionslage werden keine weiteren Schmelzklebeschichten notwendig, da die in den vorverfestigten Faservliesen enthaltenen Schmelzfasern beim unter Druck und Temperaturanwendung vorgenommenen Verpressen des Faservlieses mit der Schaumplatte schmelzen und eine Verklebung bewirken.In a simple embodiment of a composite element consisting of an intrinsically rigid plate as the first sound absorption layer and a foam plate as the second sound absorption layer no further hot melt layers are necessary because the melt fibers contained in the pre-consolidated fiber webs melting under pressure and temperature application of pressing the nonwoven fabric with the foam sheet and a bond cause.
Das Verbundelement kann wie oben beschrieben aus mehreren Lagen bestehen, die in einem Arbeitsgang verpresst werden. Es ist aber auch möglich die einzelnen Lagen nachfolgend miteinander zu verbinden.The composite element may consist of several layers as described above, which are pressed in one operation. But it is also possible to connect the individual layers below each other.
Bei der beschriebenen Verpressung wird insbesondere ein ebenes Verbundelement erhalten. Die Verpressung kann jedoch auch in einer Formvorrichtung vorgenommen werden, so dass das erzielte Verbundelement eine gewünschte Form aufweist. Auf diese Weise lassen sich beispielsweise gewölbte Verbundplatten erzielen. Es ist auch möglich die einzelnen Lagen zu einem Verbundelement mit einer bestimmten Form zu verpressen, wobei diese Form an die Form einer schallemittieren Einrichtung angepasst sein kann, beispielsweise um eine solche Einrichtung abzudecken.In the described compression, in particular a planar composite element is obtained. However, the compression can also be carried out in a molding apparatus, so that the achieved composite element has a desired shape. In this way, for example, curved composite panels can be achieved. It is also possible to press the individual layers into a composite element with a specific shape, wherein this shape can be adapted to the shape of a sound emitting device, for example to cover such a device.
Bei dem Verpressen, d. h. dem Verbinden der einzelnen Lage zum Verbundelement, können gleichzeitig auch zusätzliche Bauelemente in das Verbundelement eingepresst werden. Solche Bauelemente werden vorzugsweise im Bereich der eigensteifen Platte vorgesehen, d. h. sie werden in das Faservlies eingelegt oder zwischen zwei Faservliesmatten und sind dann nach dem Pressvorgang in der eigensteifen Platte eingebettet. Solche zusätzlichen Bauelemente sind beispielsweise Kabelkanäle, Kabel, Heizelemente, Kanäle für Lichtelemente oder Lichtelemente.In the pressing, d. H. connecting the individual layer to the composite element, additional components can be pressed into the composite element at the same time. Such components are preferably provided in the region of the inherently rigid plate, d. H. they are inserted into the non-woven fabric or between two nonwoven mats and are then embedded in the intrinsically rigid plate after the pressing process. Such additional components are, for example, cable channels, cables, heating elements, channels for light elements or light elements.
Bei einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel wird zusätzlich eine ballistisch wirksame Zwischenschicht vorgesehen, die vorzugsweise nicht die Außenseite des Verbundelements bildet, sondern als innere Lage in dem Verbundelement angeordnet ist. Solche ballistisch wirksamen Schichten sind in den Vorveröffentlichungen des Anmelders, nämlich
Der besondere Vorteil dieses neuen Schallabsorptionselements besteht darin, dass eine hohe Schall- und Schwingungsdämpfung sowohl im Hoch- und Mittelfrequenzbereich als auch im Niederfrequenzbereich möglich ist. Des Weiteren kann bei einer weiteren Ausführungsform auch Körperschall absorbiert werden. Dabei ist eine gewünschte Schalldrucksenkung durch die Auswahl entsprechender Lagen für das Verbundelement erzielbar. Es kann ein Schallabsorptionselement mit einer gewünschten Absorptionscharakteristik hergestellt werden, welches an die örtlichen Gegebenheiten hinsichtlich einer zu erwartenden Lärmbelästigung angepasst ist. Ein solches Schallabsorptionselement kann in einfacher Weise hergestellt werden und für die verschiedensten Anwendungszwecke eingesetzt werden. Insbesondere ist ein solches Schallabsorptionselement selbst eigensteif, benötigt keine weiteren Rahmen- und Tragkonstruktionen, was die Anwendung wesentlich erleichtert.The particular advantage of this new sound absorption element is that a high sound and vibration damping in both the high and medium frequency range and in the low frequency range is possible. Furthermore, structure-borne noise can also be absorbed in a further embodiment. In this case, a desired reduction in sound pressure can be achieved by selecting corresponding layers for the composite element. It can be made a sound absorption element with a desired absorption characteristic, which is adapted to the local conditions with regard to an expected noise pollution. Such a sound absorption element can be produced in a simple manner and used for a variety of applications. In particular, such a sound absorption element itself is inherently rigid, requires no further frame and support structures, which facilitates the application considerably.
Nachfolgend sind einige Ausführungsbeispiele anhand der Zeichnung erklärt. Die Zeichnung zeigt inHereinafter, some embodiments are explained with reference to the drawings. The drawing shows in
Die
Die
Die
ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNG QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION
Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.
Zitierte PatentliteraturCited patent literature
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Claims (15)
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