DE202014010355U1 - Low-VOC coalescents for aqueous dispersions - Google Patents

Abstract

A dispersion comprising (A) at least one compound of the formula (I) in which R 1 is a hydrocarbon group having 7 to 21 carbon atoms, (B) a polymeric binder and (C) water.

Description

The present invention relates to the use of polyhydroxy fatty acid amides as low-VOC coalescents for coating substrates, in particular by aqueous dispersions.

Aqueous polymer dispersions, as used for emulsion paints, serve as a protective film for the substrate to which they are applied. To do this, all of the volatile components, especially water, must volatilize, so that the polymer latex melts into a film and includes the colored or white pigments, fillers, and additives. The minimum film-forming temperature (MFT) describes the lowest temperature at which a coherent film forms. This can be reduced by the addition of coalescing agents (also called filming or film-forming aids). The film formation should also be used at temperatures below 20 ° C., preferably at temperatures of 5 ° C. or lower, so that the emulsion paint remains administrable over a broader temperature range.

Coalescing agents such. As butyl glycol, butyl diglycol, Butyldipropylenglykol and others are in patent WO-0179140 described.

US 2218237 describes diethylene glycol zoate as a coalescing agent for polyvinyl acetate resins.

The MFT of emulsion paints with polymer dispersions based on methacrylic acid and acrylic esters or polyvinyl acetate can be reduced by adding trimethylpentane-1,3-diol monoisobutyrate. The synthesis and application of Koalsezensmittels is in US 3091632 and US 3312652 described.

US 5236987 describes isodecyl benzoate as a plasticizer and coalescing agent for polyvinyl chloride plastisols. WO-2005/026249 describes isononyl benzoate as a coalescing agent for paints and adhesives.

DE-10 2010 005 973 and WO-2005049719 describe the use of lactic acid esters of fatty alcohols as coalescing agents for emulsion paints.

The use of glutaric, adipic and succinic diesters of C ₄ -C ₈ -alcohols as coalescing agents is described in US Pat US 8106239 described.

WO-2012069098 describes the use of C ₄ -C ₈ monocarboxylic acid esters of the alcohols of the pentanols and DE-10 2007 021 139 the use of fatty acid-methanol esters, -ethanol esters, -n-propanol esters and -iso-Propanolerstern as Koalszensmittel.

Amongst other things US 4435534 . US 2003/204003 . US 4525512 such as WO-0056823 describe various low molecular weight alkylene glycols and their esters and ethers which can be used as Koalszensmittel.

A widely used technical standard is "Texanol" (2,2,4-trimethyl-pentane-1,3-diol mono-iso-butyrate) from Eastman.

US 2002 / 061,940 describes a VOC-free coating composition having an MFT <5 ° C.

Disadvantage of such additives, in particular the technical standards, which have a boiling point <250 ° C, is their contribution to the VOC content of an emulsion paint. Such volatile organic compounds, together with UV radiation and NO _x, favor the formation of ozone, so that in many countries regulations for the reduction of the VOC content (eg 2004/42 / EC) were issued.

Polyhydroxy fatty acid amides and their applications as nonionic surfactants are described in the prior art.

WO-9412609 teaches washing and cleaning agents which have polyhydroxy fatty acid amides with good cleaning action against greasy soiling on textiles and dishes.

A non-caustic cleaning agent containing polyhydroxy fatty acid amides is disclosed in U.S. Pat WO-9841601 described and is particularly suitable for the removal of oily and greasy dirt from cooking utensils.

WO-9523840 teaches detergents that consist of polyhydroxy fatty acid amides and are characterized by good color protection.

EP-0745719 describes the use of carbohydrate derivatives, such as, inter alia, polyhydroxy fatty acid amides as auxiliaries for dyeing or printing fiber materials in fiber-reactive dyes.

DE-69811179 teaches extended life aqueous coating compositions containing alkyl polyglycosides.

WO-2014/056561 teaches the use of phosphatides with polyhydroxy fatty acid amides as dispersants for aqueous binder-free pigment preparations that can be used to color macromolecular materials of all types, such as paints and inks.

DE-19934836 describes the use of polyhydroxy fatty acid amides as emulsifiers for emulsion polymerization.

The preparation of corresponding polyhydroxy fatty acid amides is in WO-9206071 . WO-9206073 . WO-9208687 and DE-4322874 has been described sufficiently.

Object of the present invention was to show coalescing agents, which have no or only a very small contribution to the VOC content due to their high boiling point. In addition, these coalescing agents should lower the MFT to ≦ 15 ° C., preferably to ≦ 5 ° C.

Surprisingly, it has been found that polyhydroxy fatty acid amides of long-chain fatty alcohols lower the MFT and can be formulated into low-VOC emulsion paints.

• (A) mindestens einer Verbindung der Formel (I)
  
  worin R¹ für eine Kohlenwasserstoffgruppe mit 7 bis 21 Kohlenstoffatomen steht,
• (B) einem polymeren Binder und
• (C) Wasser.

The invention relates to a low-VOC dispersion containing

• (A) at least one compound of the formula (I)
  
  wherein R ^{1 is} a hydrocarbon group having 7 to 21 carbon atoms,
• (B) a polymeric binder and
• (C) water.

The dispersion may also contain conventional ingredients of aqueous emulsion paints. Typical constituents may be: pigments, where by the term "pigments" are meant both pigments and fillers and adjuvants. Adjuvants may include wetting and dispersing agents, defoamers, biocides, alkalis and rheology additives.

Compound (I) is a polyhydroxy amide wherein R ^{1 is} a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group having 7 to 21 carbon atoms. The polyhydroxy moiety is a hexose, preferably the epimer glucose. The polyhydroxy fatty acid amides (I) according to the invention can be present in pure form or as mixtures with one another.

In a preferred embodiment, R ¹ is an aliphatic group. In a further preferred embodiment, R ^{1 is} an alkyl or alkenyl group. In a further preferred embodiment, R ¹ comprises 7 to 21 carbon atoms, in particular 7 to 17 carbon atoms.

• – Vinylmonomere, wie Carbonsäureester des Vinylalkohols, beispielsweise Vinylacetat, Vinylpropionat, Vinylether der Isononansäure oder der Isodecansäure, die auch als C₉ und C₁₀-Versaticsäuren bezeichnet werden,
• – Arylsubstituierte Olefine, wie Styrol und Stilben,
• – olefinisch ungesättigte Carbonsäureester, wie Methylacrylat, Ethylacrylat, Propylacrylat, n-Butylacrylat, i-Butylacrylat, Pentylacrylat, Hexylacrylat, 2-Ethylhexylacrylat, Tridecyacrylat, Stearylacrylat, Hydroxyethylacrylat, Hydroxypropylacrylat sowie die entsprechenden Methacrylsäureester,
• – olefinisch ungesättigte Dicarbonsäureester, wie Dimethylmaleinat, Diethylmaleinat, Dipropylmaleinat, Dibutylmaleinat, Dipentylmaleinat, Dihexylmaleinat und Di-2-ethylhexylmaleinat,
• – olefinisch ungesättigte Carbonsäuren und Dicarbonsäuren, wie Acrylsäure, Methacrylsäure, Itaconsäure, Maleinsäure und Fumarsäure und ihre Natrium-, Kalium- und Ammoniumsalze,
• – olefinisch ungesättigte Sulfonsäuren und Phosphonsäuren und ihre Alkali- und Ammoniumsalze, wie Vinylsulfonsäure, Vinylphosphonsäure, Acrylamidomethylpropansulfonsäure und ihre Alkali- und Ammonium-, Alkylammonium- und Hydroxyalkylammoniumsalze, Allylsulfonsäure und ihre Alkali- und Ammoniumsalze, Acryloyloxethylphosphonsäure und ihre Ammonium- und Alkalisalze sowie die entsprechenden Methacrylsäurederivate,
• – olefinisch ungesättigte Amine, Ammoniumsalze, Nitrile und Amide, wie Dimethylaminoethylacrylat, Acryloyloxethyltrimethylammoniumhalide, Acrylnitril, Acrylamid, Methacrylamid, N-Methylacrylamid, N-Ethylacrylamid, N-Propylacrylamid, N-Methylolacrylamid sowie die entsprechenden Methacrylsäurederivate und Vinylmethylacetamid.

The polymeric binders, component (B), are preferably homopolymers or copolymers of olefinically unsaturated monomers. Preferred olefinically unsaturated monomers are, for example

• Vinyl monomers, such as carboxylic acid esters of vinyl alcohol, for example vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl ethers of isononanoic acid or isodecanoic acid, which are also referred to as C ₉ and C ₁₀ versatic acids,
• Aryl-substituted olefins, such as styrene and stilbene,
• Olefinically unsaturated carboxylic esters, such as methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, i-butyl acrylate, pentyl acrylate, hexyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, tridecyacrylate, stearyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate and the corresponding methacrylates,
• Olefinically unsaturated dicarboxylic esters, such as dimethyl maleate, diethyl maleate, dipropyl maleate, dibutyl maleate, dipentyl maleate, dihexyl maleate and di-2-ethylhexyl maleate,
• Olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acids and dicarboxylic acids, such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid and fumaric acid and their sodium, potassium and ammonium salts,
• Olefinically unsaturated sulfonic acids and phosphonic acids and their alkali metal and ammonium salts, such as vinylsulfonic acid, vinylphosphonic acid, acrylamidomethylpropanesulfonic acid and their alkali metal and ammonium, alkylammonium and hydroxyalkylammonium salts, allylsulfonic acid and its alkali metal and ammonium salts, acryloyloxethylphosphonic acid and its ammonium and alkali metal salts, and the corresponding salts methacrylic acid,
• - Olefinically unsaturated amines, ammonium salts, nitriles and amides, such as dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, Acryloyloxethyltrimethylammoniumhalide, acrylonitrile, acrylamide, methacrylamide, N-methylacrylamide, N-ethylacrylamide, N-propylacrylamide, N-methylolacrylamide and the corresponding methacrylic acid derivatives and vinylmethylacetamide.

The proportion of the inventive dispersion of polymeric binder (component B) is preferably from 1 to 80 wt .-%, based on the weight of the dispersion.

Water used to prepare the aqueous dispersions of the invention, component (C), is preferably used in the form of distilled or demineralized water. Also drinking water (tap water) and / or water of natural origin can be used.

The proportion of the dispersion of the invention in water is preferably from 1 to 80 wt .-% based on the weight of the dispersion.

Suitable pigments are finely divided, organic or inorganic white or colored pigments or a mixture of various such pigments.

As an exemplary selection of particularly preferred organic pigments are carbon black pigments, such as. B. gas or Furnaceruße; Monoazo and disazo pigments, in particular the Color Index Pigments Pigment Yellow 1, Pigment Yellow 3, Pigment Yellow 12, Pigment Yellow 13, Pigment Yellow 14, Pigment Yellow 16, Pigment Yellow 17, Pigment Yellow 73, Pigment Yellow 74, Pigment Yellow 81, Pigment Yellow® 83, Pigment Yellow® 87, Pigment Yellow® 97, Pigment Yellow® 111, Pigment Yellow® 126, Pigment Yellow® 127, Pigment Yellow® 128, Pigment Yellow® 155, Pigment Yellow® 174, Pigment Yellow® 176, Pigment Yellow® 191, Pigment Yellow® 213, Pigment Yellow 214 Pigment Red 38, Pigment Red 144, Pigment Red 214, Pigment Red 242, Pigment Red 262, Pigment Red 266, Pigment Red 269, Pigment Red 274, Pigment Orange 13, Pigment Orange 34 or Pigment Brown 41; β-naphthol and naphthol AS pigments, in particular the Color Index Pigments Pigment Red 2, Pigment Red 3, Pigment Red 4, Pigment Red 5, Pigment Red 9, Pigment Red 12, Pigment Red 14, Pigment Red 53: 1, Pigment Red Pigment Red 147, Red Pigment Red 147, Red Pigment Red 170, Pigment Red 184, Red Pigment 187, Pigment Red 188, Pigment Red 210, Pigment Red 247, Pigment Red 253, Red Pigment 254, Pigment Red 256, Pigment Orange 5, Pigment Orange 38 or Pigment Brown 1; laked azo and metal complex pigments, in particular the Color Index pigments Pigment Red 48: 2, Pigment Red 48: 3, Pigment Red 48: 4, Pigment Red 57: 1, Pigment Red 257, Pigment Orange 68 or Pigment Orange 70; Benzimidazoline pigments, in particular the Color Index pigments Pigment Yellow 120, Pigment Yellow 151, Pigment Yellow 154, Pigment Yellow 175, Pigment Yellow 180, Pigment Yellow 181, Pigment Yellow 194, Pigment Red 175, Pigment Red 176, Pigment Red 185, Pigment Red 208 , Pigment Violet 32, Pigment Orange 36, Pigment Orange 62, Pigment Orange 72 or Pigment Brown 25; Isoindolinone and isoindoline pigments, in particular the Color Index pigments Pigment Yellow 139 or Pigment Yellow 173; Phthalocyanine pigments, in particular the Color Index pigments Pigment Blue 15, Pigment Blue 15: 1, Pigment Blue 15: 2, Pigment Blue 15: 3, Pigment Blue 15: 4, Pigment Blue 15: 6, Pigment Blue 16, Pigment Green 7 or Pigment Green 36; Anthanthrone, anthraquinone, quinacridone, dioxazine, indanthrone, perylene, perinone and thioindigo pigments, in particular the Color Index Pigments Pigment Yellow 196, Pigment Red 122, Pigment Red 149, Pigment Red 168, Pigment Red 177, Pigment Red 179, Pigment Red 181, Pigment Red 207, Pigment Red 209, Pigment Red 263, Pigment Blue 60, Pigment Violet 19, Pigment Violet 23 or Pigment Orange 43; Triarylcarboniumpigmente, in particular the Color Index pigments Pigment Red 169, Pigment Blue 56 or Pigment Blue 61 to call.

Examples of suitable inorganic pigments are titanium dioxides, zinc sulfides, zinc oxides, iron oxides, magnetites, manganese iron oxides, chromium oxides, ultramarine, nickel or chromium antimony titanium oxides, manganese titanium rutiles, cobalt oxides, mixed oxides of cobalt and aluminum, rutile mixed phase pigments, rare earth sulfides, spinels of cobalt with nickel and zinc , Spinels based on iron and chromium with copper zinc as well as manganese, bismuth vanadate and extender pigments, in particular the Color Index Pigments Pigment Yellow 184, Pigment Yellow 53, Pigment Yellow 42, Pigment Yellow Brown 24, Pigment Red 101, Pigment Blue 28, Pigment Blue 36, Pigment Green 50, Pigment Green 17, Pigment Black 11, Pigment Black 33, and Pigment White 6; calcium carbonates also referred to as fillers such as naturally occurring chalk and precipitated calcium carbonate, dolomite, natural silica (fumed silica), fumed and precipitated silicas, kieselguhr, aluminum oxides, aluminum hydroxides, talc, kaolin, mica (potassium aluminum silicate hydrate), barium sulphates such as natural occurring barytes and felled blanc fix. Preference is also often given to using mixtures of inorganic pigments. Mixtures of organic and inorganic pigments are also commonly used.

The proportion of the inventive dispersion of white or colored pigment is preferably from 10 to 80% by weight, based on the weight of the dispersion.

Suitable wetting and dispersing agents are preferably polyacrylate salts, acrylate and MSA copolymers, alkylphenol ethoxylates and alkylphenol ethoxylate substitutes, such as Guerbet derivatives, fatty acid and fatty alcohol derivatives, in particular their alkoxylates, and also EO / PO homopolymers and copolymers and polysiloxane ethers.

The proportion of the dispersion of the invention to wetting agents and dispersants is preferably from 0.01 to 10 wt .-%, based on the weight of the dispersion.

Suitable defoamers are preferably mineral oil defoamers and their emulsions, silicone oil defoamers and silicone oil emulsions, polyalkylene glycols, polyalkylene glycol fatty acid esters, fatty acids, higher alcohols, phosphoric acid esters, hydrophobically modified silica, aluminum tristearate, polyethylene waxes and amide waxes.

The proportion of the inventive dispersion of defoamer is preferably 0.01 to 5 wt .-%, based on the weight of the dispersion.

Suitable biocides for preventing the uncontrolled proliferation of bacteria, algae and fungi are formaldehyde, formaldehyde-releasing compounds, methylisothiazolinone, chloromethylisothiazolinone, benzisothiazolinone, bronopol, dibromodicyanone butane and silver chloride-coated titanium dioxide.

The proportion of the dispersion of the invention to biocides is preferably from 0.01 to 5 wt .-%, based on the weight of the dispersion.

Suitable alkalis are inorganic alkalis of a polyvalent metal, especially caustic soda and potassium hydroxide; ammoniacal solutions and amines, in particular hydroxyamines such as mono-, di- and triethanolamine, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol or butyldiethanolamine.

The proportion of the dispersion of alkalis according to the invention is preferably from 0.01 to 5 wt .-%, based on the weight of the dispersion.

Suitable rheology additives as viscosity modifiers are e.g. Starch and cellulose derivatives and hydrophobically modified ethoxylated urethanes (HEUR) thickeners, alkali-swellable acrylate thickeners, hydrophobically modified acrylate thickeners, polymers of acrylamidomethylpropanesulfonic acid or pyrogenic silica.

The proportion of the dispersion of the invention to rheology additives is preferably from 0.1 to 10 wt .-%, based on the weight of the dispersion.

An overview of common excipients is given by Wernfried Heilen et al. in "Additives for Aqueous Lacquer Systems", published by Vincentz Network, 2009.

A special property of the dispersion according to the invention is its low VOC content.

The dispersions of the invention are suitable for the production of coatings of all types. The novel dispersions are particularly suitable for the production of paints and dispersion paints, dispersion varnishes and pressure-sensitive adhesives.

Another object of the invention is the use of a compound of formula (I) as a coalescing agent for the production of coatings such as paints and coatings, but also adhesives.

A particularly preferred field is the use of the polyhydroxy fatty acid amide (I) as a coalescing agent for aqueous emulsion paints. For this purpose, the compound (I) is preferably used in concentrations of from 0.1 to 40% by weight, based on the amount of the polymer particles, depending on the desired MFT of the polymer.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the polyhydroxy fatty acid amide (I) is used in concentrations of from 2 to 10% by weight, based on the amount of the polymer particles.

The dispersion according to the invention preferably contains the compound of the formula (I) in amounts of 0.01 to 50% by weight, in particular 0.02 to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the dispersion.

The polyhydroxy fatty acid amides (I) according to the invention can be used in pure form or as mixtures with one another.

Examples

Percentages in this specification are percentages by weight based on the weight of the total composition unless otherwise specified.

The object of the coalescents according to the invention is to lower the MFT of polymer dispersions to ≦ 15 ° C., preferably to ≦ 5 ° C. The MFT was after ASTM Method D 2354 certainly. For this, a 50% aqueous styrene / acrylate polymer dispersion (Mowilith ^® DM 611, Celanese) with deionized water diluted 1: 1 and covered with 2-8 wt .-% coalescing agents are added to the solid amount of the polymer. This polymer dispersion was drawn out on a tempered plate with temperature gradient and observed during drying. At the point where the film just dries out without damage is documented as MFT.

The present coalescents have been used over prior art coalescents and are summarized in Table 1.

NC ₈ / C ₁₀ acyl-N-methyl-glucamine was used as a 50% aqueous solution, NC ₁₂ / C ₁₈ acyl-N-methyl-glucamine and N-coco-acyl-N-methyl-glucamine were used as 25% ige aqueous solutions used. All concentration data of the coalescents according to the invention are based on their active content. Table 1: Coalescents used example coalescent Boiling point [° C] 1 (V) Comparative Example dipropylene 231 2 (V) Comparative Example butyldiglycolacetate 248 3 (V) Comparative Example Texanol 254 4 Inventive example NC ₈ / C ₁₀ acyl-N-methyl-glucamine (Glucamide 810, Clariant) >> 250 5 Inventive example NC ₁₂ / C ₁₈ acyl N-methyl-glucamine (glucamides 1218 Clariant) >> 250 6 Inventive example N-coco-acyl-N-methyl-glucamine (Glucamide CC, Clariant) >> 250

The determined minimum film forming temperatures are summarized in Table 2, Example 7 corresponds to the MFT of the binder without coalescing agent as the reference value. As shown in Examples 8-25, all coalescing agents are capable of lowering the MFT to be below 15 ° C; Inventive Examples 4 and 6 lower the MFT to a preferred temperature ≤ 5 ° C. At the same time, the coalescing agents 4 to 6 according to the invention have a significantly higher boiling point than the prior art comparative examples 1 to 3 (Table 1), which has an effect on the VOC content of a dispersion. Table 2: Minimum Filming Temperatures example Concentration [% by weight] Coalescing agent [° C] 1 (V) 2 (V) 3 (V) 4 5 6 7 0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 8-10 2.0 9.5 7.5 10.0 11-16 4.0 4.5 0 4.5 14.5 12.5 13.0 17-19 6.0 9 11 12 20-25 8.0 0 0 0 5 11.5 <3

To determine the properties of the coalescent compositions of the invention in emulsion paints, the coalescing agents were incorporated in an emulsion paint of the following composition (Table 3). Table 3: Composition of the emulsion paint. No. component function Wt .-% 1 water 29.0 2 Ammonia solution (25%) buffer 0.1 3 Calgon N dispersants 0.1 4 Bermocoll EHM 200 thickener 0.5 5 coalescent coalescent 1.5 6 Byk 038 defoamers 0.3 7 Mowiplus XW 330 dispersants 0.3 8th Nipacide BMS biocide 0.2 9 Finntalc M 20 SL pigment 8.0 10 Mica TF pigment 8.0 11 Omyacarb 10 - AV pigment 17.0 12 Omyacarb extra - CL pigment 17.0 13 Kronos 2160 pigment 4.0 14 water 5.4 15 Mowilith DM 2452, 50% binder 8.0 16 Tafigel PU 40 (1: 9 in water) thickener 0.3 17 Agitan 282 defoamers 0.3 total 100.0 PVK 84.3 Solids content 58.0

First, components 1-8 were charged and then dispersed with high shear rate components 9-13 to a pigment dispersion. Subsequently, components 14-17 are added with stirring (low shear rate). In this case, always 1.5% coalescents were added based on the active content. Subsequently, the viscosity, storage stability, freeze stability and wet abrasion were determined.

The viscosity was determined on a Haake Viscotester 550 from ThermoScientific.

To determine the storage stability, the viscosity was determined after one week at 60 ° C.

To determine freeze stability, a sample of the color was frozen at -18 ° C and then thawed again. This was repeated as long as no permanent damage was detected. The number of freeze-stable cycles was evaluated.

The results of the tests of the emulsion paint are summarized in Table 4. The determined VOC content shows that the VOC content of the finished emulsion paints with the coalescents according to the invention (Examples 27 to 29) is below the specifications of the EU Directive 2004/42 / EC lies. Table 4: Properties of the emulsion paints example description Viscosity 1/60 s [mPas] initial 1 week at 60 ° C Freeze-stable cycles VOC content [%] 26 (V) 0.5% Texanol + 1.0% Dowanol DPnB 3017 3436 1 1.9 27 NC ₈ / C ₁₀ acyl-N-methyl-glucamine 1541 1466 5 0.04 28 NC ₁₂ / C ₁₈ acyl-N-methyl-glucamine 1034 1041 5 0.05 29 N-coco-acyl-N-methyl-glucamine 603 561 5 0.07

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• WO 0179140 [0003]
• US 2218237 [0004]
• US 3091632 [0005]
• US 3,312,652 [0005]
• US 5236987 [0006]
• WO 2005/026249 [0006]
• DE 102010005973 [0007]
• WO 2005049719 [0007]
• US 8106239 [0008]
• WO 2012069098 [0009]
• DE 102007021139 [0009]
• US 4435534 [0010]
• US 2003/204003 [0010]
• US 4525512 [0010]
• WO 0056823 [0010]
• US 2002/061940 [0012]
• WO 9412609 [0015]
• WO 9841601 [0016]
• WO 9523840 [0017]
• EP 0745719 [0018]
• DE 69811179 [0019]
• WO 2014/056561 [0020]
• DE 19934836 [0021]
• WO 9206071 [0022]
• WO 9206073 [0022]
• WO 9208687 [0022]
• DE 4322874 [0022]

Cited non-patent literature

• ASTM Method D 2354 [0056]
• EU Directive 2004/42 / EC [0065]

Claims (15)

Dispersion comprising (A) at least one compound of the formula (I)

wherein R ^{1 is} a hydrocarbon group having 7 to 21 carbon atoms, (B) a polymeric binder and (C) water. The dispersion of claim 1, further comprising one or more of the ingredients selected from the group consisting of pigment, dispersant, defoamer, alkali, rheology additive, biocide, wetting agent. Dispersion according to claim 1 and / or 2, wherein R ^{1 is} an aliphatic group. Dispersion according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, wherein 2 to 6 different compounds of formula (I) are used. Dispersion according to one or more of Claims 1 to 4, in which the concentration of the compound of the formula (I) is from 0.01 to 50% by weight. Dispersion according to one or more of Claims 1 to 4, in which the concentration of the compound of the formula (I) is from 0.01 to 10%. Dispersion according to one or more of claims 1 to 6, containing a white or colored pigment in an amount of 10 to 80 wt .-%. Dispersion according to one or more of claims 1 to 7, containing wetting or dispersing agent in an amount of 0.01 to 10 wt .-%. Dispersion according to one or more of claims 1 to 8, comprising defoamer in an amount of 0.01 to 5 wt .-%. Dispersion according to one or more of claims 1 to 9, containing biocides in an amount of 0.01 to 5 wt .-%. Dispersion according to one or more of claims 1 to 10, containing alkalis in an amount of 0.01 to 5 wt .-%. Dispersion according to one or more of claims 1 to 11, containing rheology additives in an amount of 0.1 to 10 wt .-%. Dispersion according to one or more of claims 1 to 12, wherein 1 to 80 wt .-% of the component (B) are contained. Dispersion according to one or more of claims 1 to 13, wherein 1 to 80 wt .-% water are included. Dispersion according to one or more of claims 1 to 14, wherein the compound of formula (I) is derived from glucose.