DE202012105100U1 - Functional ventilation facade with ventilation ducts - Google Patents

Abstract

Functional ventilation facade, characterized in that it contains a) at least one phovoltaic module (1), b) has at least one air inlet opening, c) an insulating layer (4), which is covered with a heat conducting sheet (3) on which holders for the phovoltaic module (1) are located and d) has a ventilation duct (2) lying between the photovoltaic module (1) and insulating layer (4) and segmented by the holders (3).

Description

The present invention relates to a functional ventilation facade, which simultaneously provides electricity and warm air, preferably for outflow to heat pumps, as well as a functional insulating element for the construction of such a ventilation facade.

The need for energy-efficient buildings is growing continuously and at a considerable speed. Whereas a few years ago so-called "low-energy houses" were the desired goal, the future demand for buildings fulfilling the so-called "Plus-Energie-Standard" of the Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development (BMVBS) is oriented. that is, they need to generate more energy than they consume.

Thermal insulation systems for house facades are well known in building technology. For thermal insulation of exterior walls insulating panels are used from different materials in the rule. Insulation panels made of styrofoam, polyethylene foams, rock wool or even glass fibers are widely used in insulation technology. In addition, ecologically harmless insulation materials such as sheep's wool or recycled paper flakes by spraying, in particular for the roof insulation is in use. The insulating panels for the thermal insulation of building exterior surfaces are set by means of different fasteners from the outside in front of the facade, veneered or provided with a special plaster. However, all these systems have in common that they are purely passive and are unable to absorb a significant proportion of the direct irradiated solar energy and the diffuse heat energy from the environment and turn it into technically exploitable thermal energy.

Also known are exterior facades, which are occupied with thermally acting solar panels. These arrangements are capable of converting a portion of the incident radiant energy of the sun into heat energy at a temperature level usable in heating technology. Here are mainly simple flat plate collectors, vacuum flat plate collectors, more rarely used in the production of more expensive vacuum tube collectors with high thermal efficiencies. Some also use simple solar panels with integrated hot water tank.

Furthermore, it is known to use photovoltaic facades for energy. However, the vertical arrangement of the photovoltaic modules (PV modules) which is absolutely necessary for such facades is not the optimal orientation. The solar radiation is only about 70% compared to a module with a tilt angle of 28 degrees. In addition, the risk of power-reducing shading is greater than exposed roof surfaces. Another problem is that the majority of irradiated on photovoltaic modules solar energy accumulates on the back of the modules as radiant heat, which reduces both the performance and life of the PV modules and lead to a particular in the summer undesirable overheating of the building behind the facade and thus may require additional energy-intensive cooling. For this reason, some manufacturers have further developed the modules into multifunctional insulating glass elements, which, however, are complicated to manufacture and expensive and also very susceptible to damage.

The present invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a power-generating facade construction with the highest possible yield, which avoids the disadvantages of the prior art.

• a) mindestens ein Phovoltaikmodul (1) enthält,
• b) über mindestens eine Luftzutrittsöffnung verfügt,
• c) eine Dämmschicht (4) aufweist, die mit einem Wärmeleitblech (3) verkleidet ist, an dem sich Halterungen für das Phovoltaikmodul (1) befinden und
• d) einen zwischen Photovoltaikmodul und Dämmschicht liegenden, durch die Halterungen (3) segmentierten Lüftungskanal (2) aufweist.

This object is achieved by providing a functional ventilation facade, which is characterized in that they

• a) at least one phovoltaic module ( 1 contains)
• b) has at least one air inlet opening,
• c) an insulating layer ( 4 ), which with a heat conducting ( 3 ), on which holders for the phovoltaic module ( 1 ) and
• d) a lying between the photovoltaic module and insulation layer, through the brackets ( 3 ) segmented ventilation duct ( 2 ) having.

The problematic for arrangements according to the prior art fact that the solar energy radiated onto the photovoltaic modules largely arises as radiant heat on the back of the modules, is advantageously used according to the invention. The air layer heated by the solar radiation rises through the ventilation duct ( 2 ) and thus transports the heat energy of the photovoltaic modules ( 1 ).

In one embodiment of the present invention, this heated air is discharged through at least one air outlet opening in the upper part of the facade back to the environment.

At the same time, the rising air layer in the ventilation duct ( 2 ) Components, where it flows past, heat energy. Depending on the thickness and quality of the insulating layer, the heat energy located inside the building diffuses out more or less quickly through the outer wall of the building to the outside and is conveyed via the heat conducting plate (FIG. 3 ) passing air layer ( 2 ) picked up and taken away. The result is that the building interior is cooled.

The, in the ventilation duct ( 2 ) between the insulating layer ( 4 ) of the building and the rear ventilated photovoltaic module ( 1 ) cool air layer cools the photovoltaic modules ( 1 ) and the outer wall of the building ( 3 . 4 . 5 ) additionally. Advantageously, this achieves that cooler photovoltaic modules ( 1 ) work more effectively and generate more electricity than non-cooled photovoltaic modules ( 1 ).

This effect can be enhanced by an additional humidification system for moistening the photovoltaic modules ( 1 ) and the Wärmeleitbleches ( 3 ). Due to the onset of evaporation of moisture on the surface of the photovoltaic modules and the insulating layer, these are additionally cooled.

Preferably, the air inlet and outlet openings of the facade are designed adjustable, for example, by electrically controlled ventilation flaps so that, for example, can be controlled whether the ascending in the ventilation duct heated air is discharged to the outside or directed into the building interior.

Since the ventilation duct is vertically segmented by the brackets, air flows from different segments can be routed to different consumers. For example, the heated air may be supplied from a first segment of a heat pump while the air from a second segment is directed into a portion of the building, or the air is discharged from a third segment to the outside.

In a further preferred embodiment is in the upper part of the facade, preferably directly under the roof of the building, an air conditioner or a heat pump, more preferably an air-water or air-air heat pump, the in the ventilation duct ( 2 ) raises rising warm air to a higher temperature level to heat the building.

The size of the air duct is dependent on the required volume flow, and can be dimensioned by the skilled person according to the structural specifications. Typically, the size of the air channel is between 5 cm and 40 cm.

The insulating layer ( 4 ) preferably consists of a material familiar to a person skilled in the art for insulating purposes, or else of a combination of such materials. Particularly preferred materials from which the insulating layer may consist are selected from ceramics, foams and foam glass. Suitable foams according to the invention are, for example, extruded polystyrene rigid foam (XPS), expanded polystyrene (EPS) and rigid polyurethane foams (PIR / PUR). The insulating layer may also contain the known insulation elements known in the art, such as those in the DE 10 2009 045 668 B3 or the EP 1 566 264 B2 described, or be constructed entirely of these.

The heat conducting sheet ( 3 ) According to the invention consists of metal, preferably of anodized aluminum. Particularly preferred are the brackets ( 3 ) formed from the Wärmeleitblech. Heat recovery units according to the invention can be incorporated into these rib-like vertically extending structures. The heat-conducting sheet is preferably provided with suitable dowels ( 9 ) anchored in insulating layer and masonry. Furthermore, the heat conduction plate represents a potential equalization element and is grounded accordingly.

The connection ( 10 ) of the photovoltaic module ( 1 ) with the bracket ( 3 ) Insulating element is carried out in the manner known in the art, for example by gluing.

The heat recovery units are formed according to the invention as a heat storage, heat exchangers or as a combined element of heat storage and heat exchanger. Preference is given to latent heat storage or thermochemical heat storage.

The ventilation facade according to the invention can consist exclusively of photovoltaic modules, or - in the areas where no photovoltaic modules are desired - contain other thermally absorbent facade panels. Suitable cladding panels are, for example, mineral material or glass plates, preferably dark or black.

According to the invention, all photovoltaic modules that can be installed in a facade construction, preferably thin-film modules (CdTe, CIGSSe, CIS, a-Si, μc-Si), particularly preferably CIS-based thin-film modules. But are also other photovoltaic modules z. B. on the basis of mono- or polycrystalline silicon.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ventilation façade according to the invention comprises a shaped part ( 6 ) as a second insulation layer and as a connection and securing element with additional cable channel function ( 8th ). The Förmling as a connecting element is the possibly different dimensions of the photovoltaic modules or other Absorption plates off. It is preferably made of fire retardant materials and may also serve to accommodate the horizontal wiring of photovoltaic modules or other control cables.

The facade itself is rectangular rastered. The photovoltaic modules and possibly other facade elements are mounted on profile frame to form a facade, wherein between the individual components remain gaps, which are later provided with seals. The electrical cables are routed into these intermediate spaces and can be routed to almost any location to the room side of the facade.

A further subject of the present invention is a functional insulating element for constructing a functional ventilating facade according to the invention, which has a phovoltaic module ( 1 ) or another thermally absorptive facade panel, wherein the insulation element according to the invention is intended to be attached to the brackets of the Wärmeleitbleches. The attachment of the insulating element is carried out in the conventional manner, for example by gluing.

The functional ventilation facade according to the invention can also be used in a further preferred embodiment as a renovation tool for existing external thermal insulation composite systems (ETICS). In many cases, these existing ETICS systems are saturated with water or damaged by osmosis. Removal poses a huge burden on the environment because it is a composite material. If the functional ventilation façade according to the invention is used as a renovation tool, the insulation layer ( 4 ) waived. The profiling of the sheet creates two ventilation channels. The additional ventilation duct is used to ventilate the water-saturated insulation material. Preferably, the insulating material is perforated to improve the ventilation and thus the drying.

The invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Rather, a variety of variants and modifications are conceivable that make use of the inventive concept and therefore also fall within the scope.

List of Figures (Figures):

.: Floor plan of the ventilation façade

.: Ventilation facade in section.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

photovoltaic module

2

ventilation duct

3

Heat conducting sheet and bracket

4

damp course

5

masonry

6

Förmling as a second layer of insulation and as Verbindungsungs- u. Fuse element with additional cable channel function

7

not forgiven

8th

cable management

9

dowel

10

connection

11

junction box

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102009045668 B3 [0017]
• EP 1566264 B2 [0017]

Claims (12)

Functional ventilation facade, characterized in that it comprises a) at least one phovoltaic module ( 1 ), b) has at least one air inlet opening, c) an insulating layer ( 4 ), which with a heat conducting ( 3 ), on which holders for the phovoltaic module ( 1 ) and d) a between photovoltaic module ( 1 ) and insulating layer ( 4 ), through the brackets ( 3 ) segmented ventilation duct ( 2 ) having. Functional ventilation facade according to claim 1, characterized in that it has at least one air outlet opening in the upper part of the facade. Functional ventilation facade according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the air inlet openings and air outlet openings of the facade are designed adjustable. Functional ventilation facade according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has an additional humidification system for humidifying the photovoltaic modules ( 1 ) and the Wärmeleitbleches ( 3 ) having. Functional ventilation facade according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the upper part of the facade, preferably directly under the roof of the building, there is an air conditioning system or a heat pump, more preferably an air-water or air-air heat pump. Functional ventilation facade according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the size of the air duct is between 5 cm and 40 cm. Functional ventilation facade according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a shaped part ( 6 ) as a second insulation layer and as a connection and securing element with additional cable channel function ( 8th ). Functional ventilation facade according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the holders ( 3 ) formed from the Wärmeleitblech and in the brackets ( 3 ) Heat recovery units are installed. Functional ventilation facade according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heat recovery units are designed as heat storage, heat exchangers or as a combined element of heat storage and heat exchangers, particularly preferably as latent heat storage or thermochemical heat storage. Functional insulating element for constructing a functional ventilation facade according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has a phovoltaic module ( 1 ) or another thermally absorptive facade panel, wherein the insulation element according to the invention is intended to the holders ( 3 ) of the heat conducting sheet ( 3 ) to be attached. Sanierungstool for drying a moistened composite thermal insulation system, comprising a functional ventilation facade according to one of claims 1 to 9, with the elimination of the insulating layer ( 4 ). Sanierungstool according to claim 11, characterized in that the insulating material is perforated for improved drying of the existing insulation.

Images