DE202011051827U1 - Ventilation system, in particular controlled ventilation system for a building and a door element therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

Door element, which is used to open and / or close at least one room (R1; R2; R3), with a door leaf (2) and at least one hinge (4) arranged thereon and a closing element (5), characterized in that in the door leaf (2) there is at least one supply air (Z) and exhaust air duct (A), at least one duct having at least one fan (V) and the supply air duct (Z) being fluidly separated from the exhaust air duct (A) and at least one each Have channel openings on both sides of the door leaf (2).

Description

The invention relates to a ventilation system, in particular a controlled ventilation system for a building, with the targeted inside of a building, an air exchange. Furthermore, on a door element for this ventilation system for closing and opening a room.

State of the art

The building envelopes nowadays used for buildings, but also those of normal new buildings, are generally only slightly permeable to air. Since the windows also bring about a very airtight completion of the building envelope, within the rooms a natural exchange of air, especially with closed doors and windows, often does not exist. Therefore, not only in passive houses, but also in ordinary new buildings, such as offices, hotels, schools, hospitals, residential buildings, etc., ventilation systems are installed which provide the function, used air and the water vapor (moisture) present in the air. carry away and add fresh air for it. This should create a pleasant indoor climate.

Thus, it is necessary to provide a controlled living space ventilation. As a rule, it is endeavored to keep the air volume flows with respect to their air movement low so that drafts or noises are imperceptible. A freshly filtered and - if necessary - preheated supply air is introduced through pipes and often via ceiling outlets in rooms.

Alternatively, it can also be provided that freshly filtered and preheated supply air is supplied to the living room or bedrooms, where it passes through overflow, for example in or over the doors or undercut door leaves in the corridors and from there on kitchens, bathrooms and toilets is sucked off again. From there, the exhaust air goes through suction to a heat exchanger and finally as exhaust air to the outside.

However, it has been recognized that in homes with open doors, the air in the whole apartment is well mixed. Accordingly, the air quality in all rooms is comparably good, almost completely independent of where the supply air is introduced. This means that apartments with always open doors represent a very simple ventilation system.

Door assemblies with a ventilation device in the form of a housing are known from the prior art, for example in the DE 10 2007 055 245 A1 and FR 2085 473 A1 , without an air exchange between the adjacent rooms is provided.

Disadvantages of the prior art

It has also been found that especially at night, when the sleeping phase occurs, the doors are often closed. However, to ensure that the required air quality is achieved in these rooms, an active overflow element must ensure that the air can flow from the hallway into the enclosed rooms and back into the hallway. The same applies to rooms, such as bathroom or kitchen, but also, for example, living room or meeting room.

In the bathroom / kitchen often only one exhaust device is provided, that is, only one opening in doors or door slot.

However, due to the currently known from the prior art means such an implementation is not realized. Rather, pipelines must be laid in the rooms, which bring about the appropriate air exchange, which is necessary to maintain a pleasant indoor climate and to avoid mold deposits. In particular, according to the state of the art, means are provided which are constantly active, even though it is known that only a closed room requires active air renewal.

Object of the invention

The object of the invention is to provide a ventilation system and suitable elements for its effectiveness, whereby an exchange of supply and exhaust air can take place for at least one room or a room, without it being necessary additional ventilation equipment, such as pipes and / or Wall openings for the supply and exhaust air to install in the room, the cost of material and energy for this purpose should be kept low.

Solution of the task

The solution to this problem is to provide a ventilation system with a door element, whereby an air exchange can be done decentralized, in such a way that this air exchange between at least two rooms of a building by a provided in the respective door element Zuluft- and exhaust duct, at least one Channel has at least one fan.

Advantages of the invention

The basic idea of the invention is to provide a so-called active transfer device, which is provided in a door between at least two rooms or rooms, which is responsible for opening and closing these rooms or rooms. One can also speak of a so-called compound fan, which represents a kind of fan, which actively exchanges the air in enclosed spaces with fresh air, for example from the corridor. This makes it possible in a simple manner, in particular an exchange of air in buildings with multiple rooms, and indeed if these rooms are connected via their respective Zuluft- and exhaust duct with at least one of these rooms together adjacent space, such as a corridor or often living room ,

According to the inventive principle, intensive mixing of the respective room air takes place as a result of the supply air flowing into the room through the supply air duct in the floor area, due to a self-adjusting negative pressure which forms through the active compound fan, since this air consumed in the upper area of the room pulls the trigger channel from this.

This air exchange in buildings with multiple rooms can also be designed so that its intensity is a function of the number of people and / or heat generating equipment in the respective rooms, while it is possible at the same time, fresh air from outside the building in the ventilation system supply.

With regard to the safety of the ventilation system according to the invention, it may also be expedient to provide a closing device serving as fire protection in each supply air and / or exhaust air duct. For this purpose, foam foams are conceivable, which otherwise serve for sound insulation.

The suitable for the ventilation system according to the invention door elements consist of a base body in the form of a door leaf, which itself has recesses in which a Zuluft- and an exhaust duct are installed separately.

Here, the respective supply and exhaust duct is designed such that it is arranged from one side to the other side of the door element within the main body. On the respective sides of the door thus openings are provided, which allow the escape and the entry of air. As a result, at least one channel is provided which, when the door element is closed, supplies air from the interior of a room through the door element in the direction of a space in front of the room and at least one channel which conveys fresher air toward the room. Both channels are spatially separated from each other within the door element.

In the exhaust duct, that is, the channel, which is responsible for an air transport from the interior of the room in front of the room, at least one fan is provided. Due to this, a negative pressure develops within the room, so that fresh air flows into the room via at least one supply air duct, which is likewise arranged in the door leaf of the door. In general, the fresh air in the corridor or corridor, which leads to the door, provided so that it can be sucked out there. But it can also be arranged an additional air supply duct in a wall, the window or even within a window. It is also conceivable that a supply air duct is arranged with at least one fan in the door element.

According to the invention, the two supply and exhaust ducts are arranged fluidly separated from each other, wherein each of these channels can be provided with at least one fan. The number and size of the fans depends on the amount of air to be transported. This creates an active overcurrent function.

In order to keep noise pollution due to the flowing air, but also the fans within the door elements as low as possible, they are equipped with sound-absorbing means. This means that either the supply and the exhaust duct and the storage of the fan or the fans themselves or a part thereof can be provided with the sound-absorbing material. In particular, so-called acoustic foam is suitable for this purpose, which has a very high noise-inhibiting value. In the residence area, therefore, the air speed should be less than 10 cm / s. be in order to obtain a relatively high space comfort. Due to the very simple storage of a fan in a foam element and the replacement of the fan in a defect in the rule is very simple and preferably without tools possible.

In order to avoid that through the arrangement of the supply and exhaust air ducts light can shine through the door, the supply and exhaust air ducts in their interior can not have linearly passing structures. Preferably, these are labyrinthine, but at least zigzag-shaped. Furthermore, they can be guided in such a way that no light is passed through.

A particular leading to several corners training the supply and exhaust ducts has next an opacity the advantage that while sound-absorbing measures can be taken that act at least as sound-absorbing, as a closed door.

Larger recesses are preferably provided in the door element, in each of which an assembly can be used, which consists of a unit which is formed according to the mass of the recesses and the door leaf and in its interior around several corners guided supply and exhaust air ducts and at least has a fan to bring about a flow. In order to cover such assemblies, which are then inserted into the recesses, detachable panels are provided on both sides of the door. These panels are arranged at a slight distance from the surface of the door leaf, so that an outflow or inflow of the air in the respective areas is possible (preferably parallel to the door leaf, whereby further flow noises are avoided).

The modules can also be divided into several parts. In particular, an assembly can only consist of the exhaust air system, whereas only ventilation slots are provided for the supply air in the lower part of the door, which on the one hand for visual reasons and on the other photometric reasons to provide darkness inside the room, also covered with such panels could be. In this case, panels are also possible which, based on their surface, are flush or almost flush with the surface of the respective door leaf of a door element.

The assembly described above can also be arranged in walls. In addition, use of the assembly, for example, for a widened door frame conceivable.

The panels themselves are mounted on rails on the door leaf, so that they are very easy to remove for cleaning and repair purposes. These panels can either be lifted out of the anchorage by means of a quick-release fastener or via a click fastener or by a lateral displacement so that the respective assembly is then freely accessible.

The previously known from the prior art ventilation devices all have the disadvantage that in an active within a room working room ventilation system, this is constantly in operation. However, this is not necessary, since when the door is open, a ventilation operation in a closed room is also in operation.

On the other hand, the ventilation system according to the invention has the advantage that each fan within a door is only switched on when a corresponding contact is closed. The contact is preferably in the closing area of the door, that is, provided in or in the area of the lock, so that when the door is open, the fan is turned off.

This means that when closing the door an electrical contact is brought about and the respective fan starts to run automatically. If, on the other hand, the door is opened, the fan is disengaged, so that it does not run uselessly in this situation, because then a corresponding exchange of air takes place anyway, which in turn means a reduction in energy consumption. This contact may be either a switch or a contact that provides an electrical connection to a utility.

Suitably, the respective fans work in the low-voltage range, ie with 12 V or other DC voltage.

Alternatively, a contact switch in the region of the door hinge or the closing element can be arranged. It is also possible that the power supply via the door hinges by means of grinding elements. Another power supply can be done via a fixed or preferably flexible cable connection. Special safety precautions are not necessary because the fans - as already mentioned - are operated in the low-voltage range, this can be powered either by a battery, a solar cell or inductively with electrical energy.

Since there is usually power next to each door at least due to a switch for the lighting in the room, it can be provided on the door frame for the device in the door via a contact. If a low-voltage is to be provided, there is the advantage of using or placing a transformer in a recess (either separately or in the region of the switch).

Thus, an active overflow is presented, which is a simple, aesthetic and inexpensive variant for the installation of comfort ventilation. For this purpose, conventional materials can be used, which means that no special material needs to be selected, but the ventilation system can be adapted to the architectural needs. Even ecologically harmless material uses are possible. Subsequent installation in existing doors is possible (retrofitting). This is a considerable advantage, in particular for renovations to be carried out. The depth of engagement in the building structure is thus very low.

The inventive solution can be well integrated in many applications and is possible with a low cost. The technical specifications, such as for the supply air in an amount of for example 60 m ³ / h or an exhaust air (from the room to the corridor) of 60 m ³ / h is possible. A passive return flow of a maximum of 3 Pa pressure difference is also given.

Due to the fact that the supply and exhaust air ducts can be soundproofed, the sound power level is well below 25 dB (A) at the corresponding nominal air volume. Due to a suitable flow path, in particular by the design of the supply and exhaust air ducts, draft is virtually avoided.

In particular, fans are suitable, which are used for example in the personal computer field. These are extremely quiet and still have a high ventilation throughput. They are usually operated with a voltage of 12 or other DC voltage, which offers a very high safety standard especially for the application. Such fans have a high mileage, so they must be extremely rarely serviced or replaced. In addition, they represent a very cost-effective component, which is produced in very large quantities. In addition, these are widely available everywhere and can be used as a standard component. They can be very well integrated into the specified thickness of a door (for example, with a thickness of 4-12 cm) and also store accordingly. For storage itself either rubber-like suspensions may be provided or the fan itself is wrapped in an acoustic foam and then fixed by this accordingly.

Other embodiments advantageously provide that at least one of the two channels is arranged outside the door. For example, a channel may be arranged in a widened door frame, with the fan located inside the channel running only when the door is closed. A further development of this provides for arranging at least one of the two channels in the masonry. Again, the fan disposed within the channel runs only when the door or the doors of each room are closed.

The use of active overflows, as described above, significantly reduces the control effort compared to those systems known in the art. If all rooms are ventilated either directly or by means of overflows, the air quality is the same everywhere. Due to the heat and cold sources within a room, such as windows, heating, appliances, creates a uniform mixing within the room, so that the exact location of the supply and exhaust air for the room has at least only a small relevance. On the one hand, this results in a measuring point within a room being sufficient in itself. In addition, this leads to a much smaller amount of supply air (fresh air) is required in low occupancy, which has a positive effect on consumption costs.

Further advantageous embodiments will become apparent from the following description, the drawings, and the claims.

drawings

Show it:

1a a schematic plan view of a building with several rooms in which the ventilation system according to the invention is installed,

1b a schematic representation of the function of the ventilation system in conjunction with a corridor and a room;

2a a front view of a door for the installation of an active overflow,

2 B the door according to 2a , in the door leaf are cut out two cutouts, for an upper assembly as exhaust duct and a lower assembly as supply air duct,

2c the door according to 2 B , in the two sections of which the upper subassembly is used as an exhaust air duct and the lower subassembly as a supply air duct,

2d the door according to 2c with an electrical connection for a fan located in the upper assembly,

2e the door according to 2d having a panel covering the upper and lower assemblies,

3 a plan view of the door according 2d and 2e along a line III-III on an enlarged scale,

4 a plan view of the door according 2d and 2e along a line IV-IV on an enlarged scale and

5 an enlarged sectional view of an upper assembly for the active transfer device according to 4 , but in a soundproofed version.

Description of the embodiments

The in 1a and b is a schematic plan view of a building exemplarily showing rooms designated R ₁ to R ₅ , where R ₁ and R ₃ are intended to be two bedrooms, R _{2 is} an office, R _{4 is} a corridor and R _{5 is} a kitchen the latter has a conventional extractor and is not included in the ventilation system in this example. The rooms R ₁ to R ₃ are about the same door elements 1 from the corridor R ₄ enter, which are essential components of the inventive decentralized ventilation system.

How out 2a can be seen, has every door element 1 a door leaf 2 , a frame 3 on the door leaf 2 about hinges 4 is hinged hinged. Furthermore, each door leaf has 2 a closing element 5 and a door handle 6 and an exhaust duct A with at least one fan V and a supply air duct Z without a fan V, which in 1 each with a half-arrow Z and A are symbolically marked.

Assuming that in each of the spaces R ₁ to R _3, an air volume of 60 m ³ / h are required, then according to the prior art from the corridor R ₄ at least one supply air quantity of 3 × 60 m ³ / h = 180 m ³ / h, which is either available as useful circulating air in the corridor R ₄ or as renewed exchange air, which is obtained by the air exchange of waste air through fresh air. The values given here are real values. They do not limit the function of the invention and the scope of the invention. In 1 For this purpose, a semi-arrow Al directed to the outside and an arrow F pointing from the outside into the corridor R ₄ for the fresh air are indicated symbolically for the waste air.

The ventilation system according to the invention is now preferably designed so that a decentralized exchange of air takes place in the spaces R ₁ to R _{3 as} a function of the number of persons and / or heat-generating equipment. According to the amount of hot air generated by the present persons and / or equipment, which is known to rise, this practical than used air through the respective exhaust duct A with the help of at least one fan V in the upper region of the corridor R ₄ transported and this waste air can then be discharged according to the half-arrow Al in the open. Due to the resulting negative pressure in the rooms R ₁ to R ₃ flows to a fresh air F in the corridor R ₄ and at the same time unused cool air, which is located in the lower area via the respective Zuluftkanäle Z in the individual rooms R ₁ to R _3rd to.

If no persons are present in a room, for example in office room R ₂ , then air is drawn off when the door is closed, which means that relatively fresh fresh air is withdrawn from the upper area of this room, but after leaving the exhaust duct A immediately falls down and is again available in the corridor R ₄ as fresh air. This also means that there is a corresponding compensation and thus less new fresh air according to the arrow F must be provided. As a result, the average ventilation performance and thus also the energy costs can be significantly reduced. Based on the example mentioned, in this case, for example, a newly added amount of fresh air of only 90 m ³ / h instead of the original 180 m ³ / h is sufficient, which in turn allows considerable energy savings.

The following is based on the 2a to 2e a basic construction of a door provided for the ventilation system according to the invention 1 explained in more detail:
Starting from a in 2a and b illustrated existing door element 1 be at this first for an upper recess 7 for the exhaust duct A and for a lower recess 8th for the supply air duct Z on the door leaf 2 corresponding dimensions 7.1 and 8.1 marked, which is similar in the production of corresponding new door elements. Then according to 2 B the recesses 7 and 8th from the door leaf 2 sawed out and a supply line 9 for 12 V through the closing element 5 to the axial center of the recess 7 drilled and continued to the recess 7 , Furthermore, on both sides of the recesses in the embodiment shown here 7 and 8th continuous longitudinal strips 10 and 11 on the door leaf 2 screwed. But there are also other equivalent embodiments conceivable.

Thereafter, according to 2c the exhaust duct A in the form of an assembly BA in the recess 7 and the supply air duct Z in the form of an assembly BZ in the recess 8th used, at the same time the fan V in the assembly BA with the supply line 9 is electrically connected. According to the 2d continues to be an electrical connection of the supply line 9 over the closing element 5 in the back of an already existing mostly light switch 12 and finally, after a functional check on both sides of the in 2e shown door leaf 2 domed or flat cover panels 13 in the longitudinal bars 10 and 11 mounted, whereby a light transmission is prevented.

In 3 is a horizontal cross section through the door element 1 according to the line III-III in 2d shown passing through the Zuluftbereich designated ZB, in which the assembly BZ several ventilation slots 14 for the passage of the supply air from room R ₄ to R ₁ (indicated by arrows 15 ) owns.

In 4 in turn, is a horizontal cross section through the door element 1 according to the line IV-IV in 2d shown, which passes through the exhaust area designated AB, in which the assembly BA a fan V for sucking the exhaust air from space R ₁ to R ₄ (indicated by the arrows 16 ), whereby several fans are possible.

In 5 Finally, in a refinement of the invention, a cross-section of an exhaust air region AB is shown, which is provided with sound-absorbing means 17 is insulated. Here the BA designated assembly is in a recess 18 of the door leaf 2 of the door element 1 by means of a carrier element 19 fitted. This carrier element 19 has at least one fan V, which is arranged in this. Preferably, the carrier element 19 made of a very stable acoustic foam and is on both sides in the area of the door leaf 2 and the fan V with the sound absorbing means 17 Mistake. For assembly, the fan V is combined with the carrier element 19 or the sound-absorbing agents 17 into the recess 18 used (preferably by interference fit and without any additional aids, such as fasteners) and electrically contacted with the other elements. Thereafter, in order to realize an optically aesthetic design and also to obtain light protection, on both sides of the assemblies BA and BZ each have a flat panel 20 appropriate.

A simplified version provides, only the sound-absorbing means 17 insert. They have a great inherent stability and can thus without further fasteners, such as screws or adhesive within the agent 17 be attached.

At the panels 20 it is a flat or curved lid-like element, which is at a distance to the door leaf 2 is arranged so that nevertheless an air flow from the one side of the door element 1 to the other side can be done, what by the arrows 21 is indicated. The air flow to the panels 20 from the outside, however, can be done from all sides, which itself also the sound-absorbing means 17 can carry.

Alternatively, the panels can 20 be arranged so that they flush with the door leaf 2 run. To then achieve a flow, are provided in these vents. As a result, the user can not see, at least at first glance, that the present door element 1 is a special education. Therefore, such a door element 1 as hitherto customarily used as an architecturally designed means, but with the difference that now advantageously technical functions in the door element 1 are provided.

Finally, instead of the longitudinal bars 10 . 11 also screwed fasteners not shown in detail in the drawings 22 be provided, which are suitable for the panels 11 . 20 on the door leaf 2 attach and also solve in a very simple way again. For doors, on the other hand, which have a certain thickness (usually over 10 cm), you can also do without panels, because here, rather, the corresponding supply and exhaust air ducts can be configured inside a door.

Thus, a decentralized ventilation system with functional door elements 1 been created, which has made it possible in a very simple and aesthetic and cost-effective way to use an active overflow in energy-optimized buildings.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

door element

2

door leaf

3

frame

4

hinge

5

closing element

6

door handle

7

upper recess

7.1

Dimensions

8th

lower recess

8.1

Dimensions

9

supply

10

longitudinal bar

11

longitudinal bar

12

light switch

13

cover panel

14

vents

15

arrows

16

arrows

17

sound absorbing agents

18

recess

19

support element

20

flat panel

21

arrow

22

fastener

A

exhaust duct

al

used air

zl

supply air duct

FROM

exhaust area

For example,

supply air

V

fan

BA

module

BZ

module

F

fresh air

R ₁ -R ₅

Facilities / Rooms

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102007055245 A1 [0006]
• FR 2085473 A1 [0006]

Claims (14)

Door element, which serves for opening and / or closing at least one space (R ₁ ; R ₂ ; R ₃ ), with a door leaf (FIG. 2 ) and at least one hinge (FIG. 4 ) and a closing element ( 5 ), characterized in that in the door leaf ( 2 ) at least one Zuluft- (Z) and exhaust duct (A), wherein at least one channel has at least one fan (V) and the supply air duct (Z) from the exhaust duct (A) is fluidly separated and in each case at least one channel opening to both sides of the Door leaf ( 2 ) exhibit. Door element according to claim 1, characterized in that the supply air duct (Z) and / or the exhaust duct (A) and / or the area around the fan (V) with sound-absorbing means ( 17 ) Is provided. Door element according to claim 2, characterized in that the supply air duct (Z) and the exhaust air duct (A) by releasable panels ( 13 ; 20 ) are covered. Door element according to claim 3, characterized in that the detachable panels ( 13 ; 20 ) based on its surface flush with the surface of the door leaf ( 2 ) to lock. Door element according to at least one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that an electrical actuation (switching on) of the at least one fan (V) when the door element is closed ( 1 ), either via a contact switch in the region of the hinge ( 4 ) or closing elements ( 5 ) or through a light barrier. Door element according to claim 5, characterized in that an electrical control for the at least one fan (V) by means of a low-voltage circuit is provided, which is either by a battery, a solar cell or inductively on the hinge areas ( 4 ) or closing element ( 5 ) receives its electrical energy. Door element according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that an exhaust air area (AB) with the exhaust air duct (A) in the upper region and a Zuluftbereich (ZB) with the supply air duct (Z) at least in the form of ventilation slots ( 14 ) in the lower area of the door leaf ( 2 ) of the door element ( 1 ) - or vice versa - is provided. Door element according to at least one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that sound-absorbing means ( 17 ) with at least one fan (V) and optionally the panels ( 13 ; 20 ) is formed as an assembly (BA), which in one in the door leaf ( 2 ) of the door element ( 1 ) recess ( 18 ) can be installed. Door element according to claim 8, characterized in that the panels ( 13 ; 20 ) on both sides of the door leaf ( 2 ) of the door element ( 1 ) detachable via longitudinal strips ( 10 ; 11 ) or screw-fasteners ( 22 ) are arranged. Door element according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in each Zuluft- (Z) and / or exhaust duct (A) serving as a fire protection closing device is provided. Use of the assembly (BA) according to claim 8 in a door frame or a wall or a window frame. Ventilation system, in particular a controlled ventilation system for a building with which an air exchange takes place deliberately inside a building, according to at least one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the air exchange in each case via at least one for access to the rooms (R1 ₁ to R ₃ ) provided door element ( 1 ) he follows. Ventilation system according to claim 12, characterized in that the air exchange in buildings with a plurality of rooms (R1 ₁ to R ₃ ) takes place in such a way that they have at least one of these rooms (R1 _{1 to 1} ) via their respective supply air (Z) and exhaust air duct (A) to R ₃ ) in common adjacent space (R ₄ ) in the formation of a corridor in connection. Ventilation system according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the air exchange in buildings with several rooms (R1 ₁ to R ₃ ) is done such that its intensity as a function of the number of persons and / or heat-generating equipment in the respective rooms (R ₁ , R ₂ , R ₃ ).

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