DE19954954A1 - Photovoltaic transducer for obtaining energy from sunlight, uses fluorescent layer to match spectral range of sunlight to sensitivity of photocells - Google Patents
Photovoltaic transducer for obtaining energy from sunlight, uses fluorescent layer to match spectral range of sunlight to sensitivity of photocellsInfo
- Publication number
- DE19954954A1 DE19954954A1 DE19954954A DE19954954A DE19954954A1 DE 19954954 A1 DE19954954 A1 DE 19954954A1 DE 19954954 A DE19954954 A DE 19954954A DE 19954954 A DE19954954 A DE 19954954A DE 19954954 A1 DE19954954 A1 DE 19954954A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- fluorescent
- photocells
- converter device
- radiation
- sunlight
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 title description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
- H01L31/055—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means where light is absorbed and re-emitted at a different wavelength by the optical element directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. by using luminescent material, fluorescent concentrators or up-conversion arrangements
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine photovoltaische Wandlereinrichtung zur Energiegewinnung aus Sonnenstrahlung mit einer Photozellenanordnung und einer vorgelagerten fluoreszierenden Schicht.The invention relates to a photovoltaic converter device for Generating energy from solar radiation with a photocell arrangement and an upstream fluorescent layer.
Das Spektrum der Sonnenstrahlung erstreckt sich über einen weiten Spektral bereich. Entsprechend unterschiedlich ist die Energie der Photonen. Heute übliche Photozellen werden aus Silizium hergestellt. Dementsprechend haben sie einen Bandabstand von ca. 1,1 eV, der einer Wellenlänge von etwa 900 nm ent spricht. Photonen mit einer höheren Energie können zwar absorbiert werden, geben dann aber nur in etwa den Energiebetrag an die Elektron-Loch-Paare ab, der dem Bandabstand entspricht. Der übrige Energiebetrag der Photonen wird in Form von Wärme an den Kristall abgegeben. Mit der Erwärmung sinkt der Wir kungsgrad der Zellen ab. Deshalb ist es üblich, die Leistungsdaten eines Photovoltaik-Modules bei 25°C anzugeben, obwohl diese Randbedingung bei einem typischen Einsatz kaum realistisch ist. Vorschläge zu einer Kühlung der Zellen findet man in vielen Patenten. In vorteilhaften Anordnungen wird die Kühlung zur Erwärmung von Wärmespeichern genutzt (DE 198 37 189 C1; DE 41 08 503 C2).The spectrum of solar radiation extends over a wide spectrum Area. The energy of the photons is correspondingly different. today Common photocells are made from silicon. Accordingly, they have a band gap of approximately 1.1 eV, which corresponds to a wavelength of approximately 900 nm speaks. Photons with a higher energy can be absorbed then only give approximately the amount of energy to the electron-hole pairs, which corresponds to the band gap. The remaining amount of energy of the photons is in Form of heat given off to the crystal. With warming, the we sinks degree of cell deposition. Therefore, it is common to see the performance data of a Specify photovoltaic modules at 25 ° C, although this boundary condition at a typical application is hardly realistic. Proposals for cooling the Cells can be found in many patents. In advantageous arrangements, the Cooling used to heat heat stores (DE 198 37 189 C1; DE 41 08 503 C2).
Viele Forschungsbemühungen zielten in den letzten Jahren darauf ab, Materia lien für die Photozellen zu finden, die besser an das Spektrum des Sonnenlichtes angepasst waren. In diesem Bereich hat es viele Fortschritte gegeben. Mit diesen Techniken kannte der Wirkungsgrad erheblich gesteigert werden. Bislang sind diese Zellen aber wegen der hohen Herstellkosten nur für Spezialanwen dungen einsetzbar.A lot of research efforts in the past few years have been aimed at Materia lien for the photocells to find that better match the spectrum of sunlight were adjusted. There has been a lot of progress in this area. With The efficiency of these techniques was considerably increased. So far However, due to the high manufacturing costs, these cells are only for special users applications.
Weiterhin sind Verfahren bekannt, das Spektrum der Sonnenstrahlung spektral aufzuspalten und für jede der Teilfarben eine speziell angepasste Photozelle zu verwenden. Diese Verfahren haben viele Vorteile. Nachteilig ist aber auch hier, dass entsprechend angepasste Photozellen bislang nur labormäßig zur Verfü gung stehen. In den Druckschriften WO 87/01512, US 4,350,837, US 4,021,267, DE 44 09 698 A1 wird vorgeschlagen, zur spektralen Separierung Prismen einzusetzen. Der Einsatz der Prismen erfordert einen kollimierten Strahlengang. Durch den Tages- und Jahresgang der Sonne muss eine solche Anordnung nachgeführt werden, wodurch zusätzliche Kosten entstehen.Methods are also known, the spectrum of solar radiation is spectral split and for each of the partial colors a specially adapted photocell use. These processes have many advantages. Another disadvantage is that correspondingly adapted photocells have so far only been available in the laboratory stand. In the publications WO 87/01512, US 4,350,837, US 4,021,267, DE 44 09 698 A1 proposes prisms for spectral separation to use. The use of the prisms requires a collimated beam path. Such an arrangement must pass through the course of the day and year of the sun be tracked, which creates additional costs.
Weiterhin wurde versucht, über fluoreszierende Platten zu einer Anpassung des Spektralbereiches der Strahlung an die Empfindlichkeit der Photozellen und zu einer Konzentration auf den Rand der Platten zu gelangen (DE 30 10 595 A1, DE 29 26 191 A1, DE 84 31 643 U1).Furthermore, attempts were made to adapt the fluorescent plates Spectral range of the radiation to the sensitivity of the photocells and to concentrate on the edge of the plates (DE 30 10 595 A1, DE 29 26 191 A1, DE 84 31 643 U1).
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, bei einer photovoltaischen Wandler einrichtung der eingangs angegeben Art eine Anpassung des Sonnenlichtes an die Empfindlichkeit der Photozellen vorzunehmen, um so die Erwärmung der Zellen auch unter hohen Bestrahlungsstärken zu verringern.The invention has for its object in a photovoltaic converter device of the type specified at the beginning an adaptation of the sunlight make the sensitivity of the photocells so as to heat the Reduce cells even under high levels of radiation.
Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe mit den Merkmalen des Anspruches 1 ge löst. Es wird ein fluoreszierendes Material verwendet, mit dem die kurzwellige Strahlung des Sonnenlichtes in einen Spektralbereich konvertiert wird, in dem die Photozellen einen höheren Wirkungsgrad und damit einen höheren Strom und weniger Wärme erzeugen, und die Photozellen werden großflächig mit in einem günstigen Spektralbereich liegenden, direkt durchgelassenen und kon vertierten Strahlungsanteilen bestrahlt.According to the invention, this object is achieved with the features of claim 1 solves. A fluorescent material is used with which the short-wave Radiation from sunlight is converted into a spectral range in which the photocells have a higher efficiency and thus a higher current and generate less heat, and the photocells become large with in a favorable spectral range, directly transmitted and con vertical radiation components irradiated.
Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen an gegeben.Advantageous embodiments of the invention are set out in the dependent claims given.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen unter Be zugnahme auf die Fig. 1a bis 3 erläutert.The invention is explained below using exemplary embodiments with reference to FIGS . 1a to 3.
Fig. 1a zeigt eine Anordnung, Fig. 1b einen vergrößerten Teilausschnitt X, bei der die Photozelle 1 mit einem fluoreszierenden Pulver 2 beschichtet ist. Pulver dieser Art werden z. B. zur Beschichtung von Leuchtstofflampen eingesetzt, um die UV-Strahlung in sichtbare bzw. für die photovoltaische Wandlung wirksame Strahlung 4 zu konvertieren. Durch eine geschickte Wahl der fluoreszierenden Materialien lässt sich der Emissions-Wellenlängenbereich so wählen, dass die Photozelle in diesem Bereich besonders empfindlich ist. Der Absorptions-Wel lenlängenbereich wird so gewählt, dass möglichst auch die hochenergetische UV-Strahlung konvertiert werden kann. Es lassen sich auch mehrere fluoreszie rende Materialien mischen, um so eine optimale Anpassung zu erreichen. Nach teilig ist bei diesem Verfahren, dass das Pulver zusätzlich als diffuser Streuer 5 der einfallenden Strahlung wirkt, und die konvertierte Strahlung 4 nicht gerich tet emittiert wird. Insbesondere bei niedrigen Bestrahlungsstärken und diffuser Bestrahlung mit geringem UV-Anteil kann diese Anordnung nicht mehr vorteil haft eingesetzt werden. In Gegenden mit einem hohen Anteil der direkten So larstrahlung und in Konzentrator-Anordnungen kommt dieser kostengünstigen Beschichtung eine besondere Bedeutung zu. Fig. 1a shows an arrangement, Fig. 1b shows an enlarged partial section X in which the photocell 1 is coated with a fluorescent powder 2. Powders of this type are used e.g. B. used for coating fluorescent lamps to convert the UV radiation into visible or effective for the photovoltaic conversion radiation 4 . Through a clever choice of fluorescent materials, the emission wavelength range can be selected so that the photocell is particularly sensitive in this area. The absorption wavelength range is selected so that the high-energy UV radiation can be converted if possible. Several fluorescent materials can also be mixed in order to achieve optimal adaptation. The disadvantage of this method is that the powder additionally acts as a diffuse scatterer 5 of the incident radiation, and the converted radiation 4 is not emitted in a directed manner. This arrangement can no longer be used advantageously, particularly at low irradiance levels and diffuse radiation with a low UV component. In areas with a high proportion of direct solar radiation and in concentrator arrangements, this cost-effective coating is of particular importance.
In Fig. 2 ist eine Anordnung gezeigt, bei der die Photozelle 1 mit einem Kunststoff oder Glas 6 abgedeckt ist, in dem fluoreszierendes Material enthalten ist. Anders als in DE 10 10 595 A1 beschrieben, dient das Material hier nicht als Konzentrator, sondern zur Anpassung der Wellenlängen der Solarstrahlung an die spektrale Empfindlichkeit der Photozellen. Vorteilhaft ist die Ausführung mit optisch glatter Oberfläche, so dass die einfallende Strahlung nicht gestreut wird. Die Strahlung mit längerer Wellenlänge 8 wird transmittiert, während die kurzwellige Strahlung 4 konvertiert wird und nicht zur Erwärmung der Zellen führt. Damit lässt sich die Erwärmung der Zellen deutlich reduzieren. Vorteilhaft lässt sich das Fluoreszensmaterial in die ohnehin notwendige Abdeckung der Zellen integrieren.In FIG. 2, an arrangement is shown in which the photocell 1 is covered with a plastic or glass 6, is included in the fluorescent material. Unlike described in DE 10 10 595 A1, the material here does not serve as a concentrator, but rather for adapting the wavelengths of the solar radiation to the spectral sensitivity of the photocells. The version with an optically smooth surface is advantageous so that the incident radiation is not scattered. The radiation with a longer wavelength 8 is transmitted, while the short-wave radiation 4 is converted and does not lead to the heating of the cells. This can significantly reduce the heating of the cells. The fluorescent material can advantageously be integrated into the covering of the cells, which is necessary anyway.
Fig. 2a zeigt einen Aufbau, der dem von Fig. 2 ähnlich ist. Die hier gezeigte Prismenanordnung 10 auf der Oberfläche der Photozellen 1 ist dann vorteilhaft einsetzbar, wenn z. B. in einem Konzentrator diese Fläche vor Verschmutzung geschützt ist. Die Prismenanordnung hat mehrere Vorteile. Bei der Anordnung nach Fig. 2 wirkt die fluoreszierende Platte wie ein Lichtleiter. Dementsprechend erscheinen die Ränder der Platte hell. Einen Teil dieses Lichtes kann man durch Spiegelung an den Prismenflächen auf die Photozellen lenken. Bei einer ver setzten Anordnung der Prismen untereinander und einer Ausrichtung der Längs achse der Prismen senkrecht zur Ost-West-Achse 9 des Kollektors wird in den Tageszeiten, in denen die Sonne unter sehr flachem Winkel auf die Photozellen einstrahlt, der Einfallswinkel der Strahlung auf die Photozellen verbessert. Durch den hohen Brechungsindex der Photozelle würde die Strahlung sonst bei diesen flachen Einfallswinkeln reflektiert. Ein Linsenfeld hätte eine ähnliche Wirkung. Fig. 2a shows a structure which is similar to that of Fig. 2. The prism arrangement 10 shown here on the surface of the photocells 1 can be used advantageously if, for. B. in a concentrator this surface is protected from contamination. The prism arrangement has several advantages. In the arrangement according to FIG. 2, the fluorescent plate acts like a light guide. Accordingly, the edges of the plate appear bright. Part of this light can be directed onto the photocells by reflecting on the prism surfaces. With a staggered arrangement of the prisms with each other and an alignment of the longitudinal axis of the prisms perpendicular to the east-west axis 9 of the collector, the angle of incidence of the radiation on the Photocells improved. The high refractive index of the photocell would otherwise reflect the radiation at these flat angles of incidence. A lens field would have a similar effect.
Werden Fluoreszensmaterialien verwendet, die in einem engen Spektralbereich die Strahlung emittieren, so kann es vorteilhaft sein, eine zusätzliche Ober flächenverspiegelung zu verwenden, die nur in diesem Spektralbereich reflek tierend wirkt, um so den Anteil der Photonen zu erhöhen, die die Photozellen treffen.Fluorescent materials are used that are in a narrow spectral range emit the radiation, it may be advantageous to add an upper to use surface mirroring that only reflect in this spectral range acts to increase the proportion of photons that the photocells to meet.
Bei hoch konzentrierenden Anordnungen reicht die Verwendung fluoreszierender Materialien nicht aus, eine Erwärmung der Zellen zu vermeiden. In der in Fig. 3 gezeigten Anordnung wird das fluoreszierende Material der Kühlflüssigkeit 9 bei gemischt. Die Photozellen 1 werden von der fluoreszierenden Kühlflüssigkeit umströmt. Optisch ähnelt diese Anordnung der von Fig. 2. Auch hier lässt sich die Oberfläche des Gehäuses wieder entsprechend verspiegeln.In the case of highly concentrated arrangements, the use of fluorescent materials is not sufficient to prevent the cells from heating up. In the arrangement shown in FIG. 3, the fluorescent material of the cooling liquid 9 is mixed at. The fluorescent cooling liquid flows around the photocells 1 . This arrangement is optically similar to that of FIG. 2. Here, too, the surface of the housing can be mirrored accordingly.
Claims (8)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE19954954A DE19954954A1 (en) | 1999-11-16 | 1999-11-16 | Photovoltaic transducer for obtaining energy from sunlight, uses fluorescent layer to match spectral range of sunlight to sensitivity of photocells |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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DE19954954A DE19954954A1 (en) | 1999-11-16 | 1999-11-16 | Photovoltaic transducer for obtaining energy from sunlight, uses fluorescent layer to match spectral range of sunlight to sensitivity of photocells |
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DE19954954A1 true DE19954954A1 (en) | 2001-05-23 |
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DE19954954A Withdrawn DE19954954A1 (en) | 1999-11-16 | 1999-11-16 | Photovoltaic transducer for obtaining energy from sunlight, uses fluorescent layer to match spectral range of sunlight to sensitivity of photocells |
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Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2003079457A1 (en) * | 2002-03-19 | 2003-09-25 | Unisearch Limited | Luminescence conversion and application to photovoltaic energy conversion |
EP1602104A1 (en) * | 2003-03-13 | 2005-12-07 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Write once disc, method of managing data area of write once disc, and apparatus and method for reproducing data therefor |
EP1814114A1 (en) * | 2003-03-13 | 2007-08-01 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Write once disc, method of managing a data area of a write once disc, and apparatus and method for reproducing data therefrom |
US7313066B2 (en) | 2003-03-13 | 2007-12-25 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Write once disc allowing management of data area, method of managing the data area, and method for reproducing data from write once disc |
EP2139048A1 (en) * | 2008-06-23 | 2009-12-30 | Photon BV | Photovoltaic device with improved spectral response |
WO2010001703A1 (en) * | 2008-06-30 | 2010-01-07 | 日立化成工業株式会社 | Wavelength conversion film, solar battery module using the same, method for producing the wavelength conversion film, and method for manufacturing the solar battery module |
EP2224163A1 (en) * | 2009-02-27 | 2010-09-01 | Reddy Solutions | Lighting arrangement for light conversion and spreading |
WO2010104890A3 (en) * | 2009-03-09 | 2010-11-04 | The University Of North Carolina At Charlotte | Efficiency enhancement of solar cells using light management |
US8080730B2 (en) | 2008-03-10 | 2011-12-20 | SolarExcel B.V. | Photovoltaic device |
US8283560B2 (en) | 2007-11-05 | 2012-10-09 | SolarExcel B.V. | Photovoltaic device |
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1999
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DE2501907A1 (en) * | 1975-01-18 | 1976-07-22 | Werner H Prof Dr Ing Bloss | Solar energy utilising assembly - has solar cell(s) with associated lens and lumines cent layer emitting light of specified wavelength |
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GB1562994A (en) * | 1977-08-02 | 1980-03-19 | Standard Telephones Cables Ltd | Photovoltaic device |
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Cited By (22)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2003079457A1 (en) * | 2002-03-19 | 2003-09-25 | Unisearch Limited | Luminescence conversion and application to photovoltaic energy conversion |
US7787338B2 (en) | 2003-03-13 | 2010-08-31 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Write once disc allowing management of data area, method of managing the data area, and apparatus and method for reproducing data from write once disc |
US7773473B2 (en) | 2003-03-13 | 2010-08-10 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Write once disc allowing management of data area, method of managing the data area, and apparatus and method for reproducing data from write once disc |
EP1814114A1 (en) * | 2003-03-13 | 2007-08-01 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Write once disc, method of managing a data area of a write once disc, and apparatus and method for reproducing data therefrom |
US7313066B2 (en) | 2003-03-13 | 2007-12-25 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Write once disc allowing management of data area, method of managing the data area, and method for reproducing data from write once disc |
US7961573B2 (en) | 2003-03-13 | 2011-06-14 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Write once disc allowing management of data area, method of managing the data area, and apparatus and method for reproducing data from write once disc |
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EP1602104A4 (en) * | 2003-03-13 | 2007-05-02 | Samsung Electronics Co Ltd | Write once disc, method of managing data area of write once disc, and apparatus and method for reproducing data therefor |
US7391690B2 (en) | 2003-03-13 | 2008-06-24 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Apparatus to record data on a write once disc |
US7362675B2 (en) | 2003-03-13 | 2008-04-22 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Apparatus for recording data to and/or reproducing data from a write once disc |
EP1602104A1 (en) * | 2003-03-13 | 2005-12-07 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Write once disc, method of managing data area of write once disc, and apparatus and method for reproducing data therefor |
US7813242B2 (en) | 2003-03-13 | 2010-10-12 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Write once disc allowing management of data area, method of managing the data area, and apparatus and method for reproducing data from write once disc |
US7969843B2 (en) * | 2003-03-13 | 2011-06-28 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Write once disc allowing management of data area, method of managing the data area, and apparatus and method for reproducing data from write once disc |
US8283560B2 (en) | 2007-11-05 | 2012-10-09 | SolarExcel B.V. | Photovoltaic device |
US8080730B2 (en) | 2008-03-10 | 2011-12-20 | SolarExcel B.V. | Photovoltaic device |
EP2139048A1 (en) * | 2008-06-23 | 2009-12-30 | Photon BV | Photovoltaic device with improved spectral response |
WO2009156312A1 (en) * | 2008-06-23 | 2009-12-30 | Photon B.V. | Photovoltaic device with improved spectral response |
WO2010001703A1 (en) * | 2008-06-30 | 2010-01-07 | 日立化成工業株式会社 | Wavelength conversion film, solar battery module using the same, method for producing the wavelength conversion film, and method for manufacturing the solar battery module |
EP2224163A1 (en) * | 2009-02-27 | 2010-09-01 | Reddy Solutions | Lighting arrangement for light conversion and spreading |
WO2010104890A3 (en) * | 2009-03-09 | 2010-11-04 | The University Of North Carolina At Charlotte | Efficiency enhancement of solar cells using light management |
US9871158B2 (en) | 2009-03-09 | 2018-01-16 | The University Of North Carolina At Charlotte | Efficiency enhancement of solar cells using light management |
US10522703B2 (en) | 2009-03-09 | 2019-12-31 | The University Of North Carolina At Charlotte | Efficiency enhancement of solar cells using light management |
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