DE19850565B4 - Electric self-service consumer and load control method for such a consumer - Google Patents
Electric self-service consumer and load control method for such a consumer Download PDFInfo
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- DE19850565B4 DE19850565B4 DE19850565A DE19850565A DE19850565B4 DE 19850565 B4 DE19850565 B4 DE 19850565B4 DE 19850565 A DE19850565 A DE 19850565A DE 19850565 A DE19850565 A DE 19850565A DE 19850565 B4 DE19850565 B4 DE 19850565B4
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011033 desalting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012432 intermediate storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005923 long-lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
- F03D9/28—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being a pump or a compressor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
- B01D61/10—Accessories; Auxiliary operations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
- B01D61/12—Controlling or regulating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/007—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations the wind motor being combined with means for converting solar radiation into useful energy
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/10—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy
- F03D9/11—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy storing electrical energy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
- H02J3/14—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/32—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from a charging set comprising a non-electric prime mover rotating at constant speed
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S10/00—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power
- H02S10/10—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power including a supplementary source of electric power, e.g. hybrid diesel-PV energy systems
- H02S10/12—Hybrid wind-PV energy systems
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/441—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by reverse osmosis
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/40—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation wherein a plurality of decentralised, dispersed or local energy generation technologies are operated simultaneously
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
- H02J2310/50—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads
- H02J2310/56—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads characterised by the condition upon which the selective controlling is based
- H02J2310/58—The condition being electrical
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/131—Reverse-osmosis
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
- Y02A20/141—Wind power
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
- Y02A20/142—Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
Abstract
Elektrischer Selbstversorgungsverbraucher für den Inselbetrieb, mit einer Windkraftanlage (3) als Stromerzeugungseinheit zur Einspeisung in ein angeschlossenes dezentrales Netz an das wenigstens ein elektrischer Verbraucher angeschlossen ist, der mit einer Steuer- und/oder Reglereinheit (10) derart in Wirkverbindung steht, dass dessen tatsächliche Bezugslast jeweils der augenblicklich von der Stromerzeugungseinheit angebotenen Nutzlast zumindest annähernd entspricht, wobei der elektrische Verbraucher hierzu ein Ensemble aus parallel geschalteten Arbeitseinheiten (16a...f) umfasst, die jeweils separat zu- und abschaltbar sind, wobei der elektrische Verbraucher eine Meerwasserentsalzungsanlage (2) umfasst, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Meerwasserentsalzungsanlage (2) nach dem Verfahren der Umkehrosmose arbeitet, wobei die Meerwasserentsalzungsanlage (2) mit wenigstens einer Hochdruckpumpe (15) und wenigstens zwei parallel zueinander mit der Hochdruckpumpe (15) strömungsverbundenen Osmosekammern (16a...f) ausgerüstet ist, wobei diese Strömungsverbindung zwischen den Osmosekammern (16a...f) und der Hochdruckpumpe (15) mittels entsprechender Absperrvorrichtungen (24a...f) jeweils separat zu öffnen und zu schließen ist.Electric self-supply consumer for island operation, with a wind turbine (3) as power generation unit for feeding into a connected decentralized network to which at least one electrical load is connected, which is in operative connection with a control and / or regulator unit (10) such that its actual Reference to each of the momentarily offered by the power generating unit payload at least approximately, wherein the electrical load for this purpose comprises an ensemble of parallel working units (16a ... f), which are separately switched on and off, the electrical consumer a desalination plant (2 ), characterized in that the seawater desalination plant (2) operates according to the method of reverse osmosis, wherein the seawater desalination plant (2) with at least one high pressure pump (15) and at least two parallel to each other with the high pressure pump (15) flow connected Osmosekammern (16a ... f) is equipped, and this flow connection between the osmosis chambers (16a ... f) and the high-pressure pump (15) by means of corresponding shut-off devices (24a ... f) is to be opened and closed separately.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen elektrischen Selbstversorgungsverbraucher für den Inselbetrieb, mit einer Stromerzeugungseinheit, vorzugsweise einer Windkraftanlage zur Einspeisung in ein angeschlossenes dezentrales Netz an das wenigstens ein elektrischer Verbraucher angeschlossen ist, der mit einer Steuer- und/oder Reglereinheit derart in Wirkverbindung steht, dass dessen tatsächliche Bezugslast jeweils der augenblicklich von der Stromerzeugungseinheit angebotenen Nutzlast zumindest annähernd entspricht, wobei der elektrische Verbraucher hierzu ein Ensemble aus parallel geschalteten Arbeitseinheiten umfasst, die jeweils separat zu- und abschaltbar sind, wobei der elektrische Verbraucher eine, vorzugsweise Meerwasserentsalzungsanlage umfasst, sowie ein Lastregelungsverfahren zum Betrieb dieses Verbrauchers.The invention relates to an electrical self-supply consumer for island operation, with a power generation unit, preferably a wind turbine for feeding into a connected decentralized network to which at least one electrical load is connected, which is in operative connection with a control and / or regulator unit such that its actual Reference load in each case at least approximately corresponds to the payload currently offered by the power generation unit, wherein the electrical load for this purpose comprises an ensemble of parallel operating units, each separately switched on and off, wherein the electrical load comprises a, preferably desalination plant, and a load control method for operation this consumer.
Eine solche Anlage ist grundsätzlich aus der
Die Meerwasserentsalzungsanlage arbeitet dabei nach dem an sich bekannten Verdampfungsprinzip. Dabei ist eine Verdampfer-Kondensatoreinheit mit einem Verdampfersumpf vorgesehen, wobei sowohl ein Kreiselverdichter zwischen Verdampfer und Kondensator, wie auch die im Verdampfersumpf angeordnete Elektroheizung über einen windkraftgetriebenen Synchrongenerator angetrieben werden.The seawater desalination plant works according to the known evaporation principle. In this case, an evaporator-condenser unit is provided with an evaporator sump, wherein both a centrifugal compressor between evaporator and condenser, as well as the arranged in the evaporator sump electric heater are driven by a wind power synchronous generator.
Darüber hinaus ist es aus der
Wegen der zeitlichen Schwankungen des Energieangebotes werden Windkraftanlagen überwiegend mit zentralen Stromversorgungsnetzen verbunden, durch die eine kontinuierliche und leistungsstabile Stromversorgung auch in Schwachwindzeiten gewährleistet ist.Because of the temporal fluctuations of the energy supply, wind turbines are mainly connected to central power supply networks, which ensures a continuous and stable power supply even in low wind periods.
Insellösungen kamen für Windkraftanlagen bislang nur in Ausnahmefällen in Betracht und erwiesen sich insbesondere zur Versorgung von Verbrauchern, die eine hohe und gleichmäßige Netzleistung erfordern, als unbefriedigend. So sind zwar etwa Meerwasserentsalzungsanlagen, die nach dem Wirkungsprinzip der Umkehrosmose arbeiten, wegen ihres verhältnismäßig geringen Energieverbrauchs von etwa 6 kWh pro m3 gewonnenem Süßwasser konventionellen Verdampfertechniken, die ca. 16–18 kWh/m3 erfordern, deutlich überlegen; sie erfordern jedoch einen gleichmäßigen, hohen Umkehrosmosedruck, der mit im Inselbetrieb arbeitenden Windkraftanlagen ohne Netzunterstützung bislang nicht gewährleistet werden konnte.Isolated solutions have only been considered in exceptional cases for wind turbines and have proven to be unsatisfactory in particular for supplying consumers who require a high and even network performance. Thus, for example, seawater desalination plants that operate on the principle of reverse osmosis, because of their relatively low energy consumption of about 6 kWh per m3 of fresh water obtained conventional evaporation techniques that require about 16-18 kWh / m3, clearly superior; However, they require a uniform, high reverse osmosis pressure that could not be guaranteed with operating in island operation wind turbines without grid support.
Bekannt sind dezentrale Energieumwandlungssysteme, bei der ein Windgenerator mit einem oder mehreren Dieselgeneratoren kombiniert wird, der/die bei Windausfall die Energieversorgung der mit dem System elektrisch verbundenen Verbraucher übernimmt/übernehmen. Dabei lässt sich die Häufigkeit der in Schwachwindzeiten erforderlichen Anläufe des Dieselmotors durch Zwischenschaltung eines Batteriepuffers vermindern.Decentralized energy conversion systems are known, in which a wind generator is combined with one or more diesel generators, which / takes over the energy supply of consumers electrically connected to the system in case of wind failure. In this case, it is possible to reduce the frequency of starting of the diesel engine required in light-wind periods by interposing a battery buffer.
Die Dieselaggregate dieser Systeme gewährleisten auch bei Windflauten ein gleichmäßiges Leistungsangebot im dezentralen Netz.The diesel generators of these systems guarantee a uniform performance in the decentralized network even in windy weather.
Hierdurch erhöht sich jedoch der bautechnische Aufwand und Wartungsumfang solcher Anlagen erheblich und erfordert zudem eine regelmäßige Versorgung mit Treibstoff, die insbesondere in abgelegenen Regionen oder bei Fehlen einer entsprechenden Infrastruktur nicht immer ohne weiteres gewährleistet werden kann.As a result, however, increases the structural complexity and maintenance of such facilities considerably and also requires a regular supply of fuel, which can not always be guaranteed, especially in remote regions or in the absence of an appropriate infrastructure.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren für den Inselbetrieb zu schaffen, die/das einerseits netzautark und ohne Zuhilfenahme von zusätzlichen Ersatzversorgern, wie Dieselaggregaten, arbeitet und innerhalb dessen andererseits auch solche Verbraucher, die über zumindest einen längeren Zeitraum hinweg mit konstanter Leistung betrieben werden müssen, integrierbar sind.The present invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a device and a method for island operation, the / one hand netzautark and without the aid of additional Ersatzversorgern, such as diesel engines works, and within the other hand, such consumers who over at least a longer period be operated at a constant power can be integrated.
Gelöst ist diese Aufgabe bei einem elektrischen Selbstversorgungsverbraucher mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 sowie einem Lastregelungsverfahren zum Betrieb desselben gemäß Anspruch 10.This object is achieved in an electrical self-supply consumer with the features of
Die Schwankungen des Nutzlastangebots einer Stromerzeugungseinheit im Inselbetrieb werden dabei erfindungsgemäß durch eine entsprechende Anpassung der von der Verbrauchseinheit abgegriffenen Bezugslast, die in vorbestimmten Soll-Werten einstellbar ist, ausgeglichen, indem der jeweilige Verbraucher in Arbeitseinheiten unterteilt ist, die zu- und abschaltbar sind. Somit ist sichergestellt, daß für sämtliche zugeschalteten Arbeitseinheiten auch die jeweils erforderliche Nutzlast bereitsteht, wobei die insgesamt angeforderte Bezugslast der augenblicklich bereitstehenden Nutzlast entspricht.The fluctuations in the payload of a power generating unit in island operation are inventively balanced by a corresponding adjustment of the consumed by the consumption unit reference load, which is adjustable in predetermined target values by the respective consumer is divided into working units that are switched on and off. Thus, it is ensured that the payload required in each case is also available for all connected working units, the total requested reference load of the currently available payload.
Die nach dem Verfahren der Umkehrosmose arbeitende Meerwasserentsalzungsanlage umfasst zweckmäßigerweise wenigstens eine Hochdruckpumpe und mehrere Osmosekammern, die mit der Hochdruckpumpe in paralleler Wirkungsanordnung strömungsverbindbar sind. Die Strömungsverbindungen zwischen der Hochdruckpumpe und den einzelnen Osmosekammern sind dabei jeweils unabhängig voneinander trennbar und wiederherstellbar. Die elektrische Bezugslast der Hochdruckpumpe ist dabei durch die Wahl der Anzahl der mit ihr strömungsverbundenen Osmosekammern direkt einstellbar.The operating according to the method of reverse osmosis desalination plant expediently comprises at least one high-pressure pump and a plurality of osmosis chambers, which are connected to the high-pressure pump in parallel action arrangement flow. The flow connections between the high pressure pump and the individual osmosis chambers are each independently separable and recoverable. The electrical reference load of the high-pressure pump is directly adjustable by the choice of the number of flow-connected with her osmosis chambers.
Dies ermöglicht auch bei starken Schwankungen der von der Windkraftanlage bereitgestellten Nutzlast in den verbliebenen, jeweils mit dem entsprechendem Druck von der Hochdruckpumpe weiterhin beaufschlagten Osmosekammern die geforderte Druckkonstanz zu wahren Dabei erfolgt die Zu- und Abschaltung der Osmosekammern am besten mittels eines geschlossenen Druckregelkreises gemäß den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 3.This makes it possible to maintain the required pressure stability even in the event of strong fluctuations in the payload provided by the wind power plant in the remaining osmosis chambers which continue to be acted upon by the corresponding pressure from the high pressure pump. The osmosis chambers are switched on and off best by means of a closed pressure control circuit according to the features of
Vorteilhafterweise sind der Hochdruckpumpe Vorrichtungen zum Filtern und/oder Reinigen des zur Entsalzung vorgesehenen Meerwassers vorgeschaltet.Advantageously, the high-pressure pump are preceded by devices for filtering and / or purifying the seawater intended for desalting.
Für den Fall länger anhaltender Windflauten ist es angeraten, dass die Steuer und/oder Reglereinheit und/oder die angeschlossenen Verbraucher in einen Stand-by-Modus überführt werden kann, in dem einerseits der Energieverbrauch minimiert ist, durch den andererseits die Möglichkeit besteht, die Meerwasserentsalzung bzw. Energieerzeugung jederzeit rasch anfahren zu können.In the event of prolonged wind storms, it is advisable that the control and / or regulator unit and / or the connected consumers can be converted into a stand-by mode, in which on the one hand the energy consumption is minimized, on the other hand, the possibility exists, the Desalination of seawater or power generation can start quickly at any time.
Vorteilhafterweise ist das dezentrale Netz dabei mit einer Ersatzversorgung und/oder einer Batterieeinheit elektrisch verbunden, die die für den Stand-by-Betrieb notwendige elektrische Energie liefert. Auch im Stand-by Betrieb kann also auf einen Anschluss an ein zentrales Stromnetz verzichtet werden.Advantageously, the decentralized network is electrically connected to a replacement supply and / or a battery unit which supplies the electrical energy necessary for stand-by operation. Even in stand-by operation can therefore be dispensed with a connection to a central power grid.
Als eine besonders zuverlässige und wartungsarme Ersatzversorgung bietet sich eine Photovoltaikanlage an, bei der auf jedwede, auf die Zulieferung von Treibstoffen gerichtete Infrastruktur verzichtet werden kann.A particularly reliable and low-maintenance replacement supply is a photovoltaic system that can dispense with any infrastructure aimed at the supply of fuels.
Bei im Inselbetrieb arbeitenden Windkraftanlagen ist ein Synchrongenerator zur Erzeugung elektrischer Energie besonders zweckmäßig.When operating in island operation wind turbines, a synchronous generator for generating electrical energy is particularly useful.
Vorteilhafterweise ist die Windkraftanlage als Hochleistungsanlage mit wenigstens 100 kW ausgelegt, die einen effizienten und hohe Nutzenergieertrag an der Verbrauchseinheit gewährleistet.Advantageously, the wind turbine is designed as a high-performance system with at least 100 kW, which ensures an efficient and high useful energy yield at the consumption unit.
Gelöst ist die der Erfindung zugrundeliegende Aufgabe auch durch ein Lastregelungsverfahren mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 10.The problem underlying the invention is also solved by a load control method having the features of
Die im Betrieb einer dezentralen Energieerzeugung unausweichlichen Leistungsschwankungen werden dabei durch das Abgreifen vordefinierter und der momentan bereitgestellten Nutzlast angepassten Bezugslast des oder der angeschlossenen Verbraucher sublimiert. Hierdurch wird auch der Einsatz solcher Verbraucher ermöglicht, die große Anforderungen hinsichtlich zeitlicher Leistungskonstanz stellen. Im Rahmen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird eine Anlage zur Entsalzung von Meerwasser nach dem Umkehrosmoseprinzip betrieben. Die Meerwasserentsalzungsanlage umfasst eine Hochdruckpumpe und mehrere mit dieser strömungsverbindbare Osmosekammern, wobei die Osmosekammern jeweils wirkungsparallel zueinander angeordnet werden. Das Verfahren der Umkehrosmose erfordert hohe, zeitlich konstante Drücke in einer oder mehreren an der Hochdruckpumpe angeschlossenen Osmosekammer/n, weshalb dieses Verfahren bislang nur im zentralen Netzbetrieb oder in Verbindung mit dezentralen, eine konstante Leistung abgebenden Stromerzeugern, wie Dieselaggregaten, betrieben werden konnte. Mittels des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ergibt sich die Möglichkeit der Stromversorgung einer Umkehr-Osmoseanlage aus einer autark betriebenen Windkraftanlage. Das sukzessive Zuschalten bzw. Abtrennen einzelner Osmosekammern gewährleistet, trotz der unvermeidlichen Leistungsschwankungen im dezentralen Netz, in den mit der Hochdruckpumpe weiterhin verbundenen Osmosekammern einen gleichmäßig hohen Druck über einen längeren Zeitraum hinweg. Anhand der Zeichnungen soll nachfolgend ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung näher erläutert werden.The unavoidable power fluctuations in the operation of a decentralized power generation are thereby sublimated by the tapping of predefined and the currently provided payload adapted reference load of the connected consumer or consumers. As a result, the use of such consumers is made possible, which make great demands in terms of temporal performance. In the context of the process according to the invention, a plant for the desalination of seawater is operated according to the reverse osmosis principle. The seawater desalination plant comprises a high-pressure pump and a plurality of osmosis chambers which can be flow-connected thereto, the osmosis chambers being arranged in each case in an effect-parallel manner. The method of reverse osmosis requires high, constant time pressures in one or more connected to the high-pressure pump osmosis / n, which is why this method could previously only in central network operation or in conjunction with decentralized, a constant power emitting power generators, such as diesel engines operated. By means of the method according to the invention, there is the possibility of powering a reverse osmosis system from a self-powered wind turbine. The successive connection or disconnection of individual osmosis chambers ensures, despite the unavoidable power fluctuations in the decentralized network, in the osmosis chambers further connected to the high-pressure pump, a uniformly high pressure over an extended period of time. With reference to the drawings, an embodiment of the invention will be explained in more detail below.
In schematischen Ansichten zeigen:In schematic views show:
Die Vorrichtung
Die Versorgung der Meerwasserentsalzungsanlage
Im Falle eines Leistungsabfalls der Windkraftanlage
Ein im Batteriepuffer
Im Falle einer längerandauernden Windflaute wird nach einer vorbestimmten Zeitspanne die Meerwasserentsalzungsanlage
Die für den Stand-by-Betrieb der Meerwasserentsalzungsanlage
Kernstück der Meerwasserentsalzungsanlage
Vor Durchlaufen der Hochdruckpumpe
Das Verfahren der Umkehrosmose erfordert einen gleichmäßig hohen Druck in den Osmosekammern einer Meerwasserentsalzungsanlage. Bislang erwies es sich dabei als problematisch, daß bei autark betriebenen Windkraftanlagen erhebliche Leistungsschwankungen unvermeidlich sind. So erschien es unmöglich, einen derartigen gleichmäßigen Druck bei windkraftbetriebenen Umkehrosmoseanlagen bereitzustellen, ohne zugleich einen Anschluß der Meerwasserentsalzungsanlage an ein zentrales Stromnetz oder zusätzliche, leistungsstabilisierende Stromerzeuger, wie etwa Dieselaggregate, vorzusehen.The reverse osmosis process requires a consistently high pressure in the osmosis chambers of a seawater desalination plant. So far, it has proven to be problematic that in autonomously operated wind turbines significant power fluctuations are inevitable. Thus, it has appeared impossible to provide such uniform pressure in wind power operated reverse osmosis plants without at the same time providing for connection of the seawater desalination plant to a central power grid or additional power stabilizing power generators, such as diesel gensets.
Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Energieumwandlungssystem
Hierzu sind die Osmosekammern
Bei voller elektrischer Leistung der Windkraftanlage
Etwaig überschüssige elektrische Energie, die etwa bei starken Windböen erzeugt wird, wird in hier nicht gezeigter Weise über Lastwiderstände oder eine geeignete Regelungstechnik abgeführt.Any excess electrical energy that is generated approximately in strong gusts of wind is removed in a manner not shown here via load resistors or a suitable control technology.
Bei langanhaltenden Windflauten werden alle Ventile
BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
- 11
- EnergieumwandlungssystemEnergy conversion system
- 22
- Meerentsalzungsanlagesea desalination plant
- 33
- WindkraftanlageWind turbine
- 44
- Synchrongeneratorsynchronous generator
- 55
- Kontrolleinheitcontrol unit
- 66
- Batteriepufferbattery backup
- 77
- Ladereglercharge controller
- 88th
- Wechselrichterinverter
- 99
- Photovoltaikanlagephotovoltaic system
- 1010
- Steuer und/oder ReglereinheitControl and / or controller unit
- 1111
- Batteriepufferbattery backup
- 1212
- Ladereglercharge controller
- 1313
- Wechselrichterinverter
- 1515
- Hochdruckpumpehigh pressure pump
- 16a–16f16a-16f
- Osmosekammernosmosis chambers
- 1717
- Grobfilterungcoarse filtration
- 1818
- Feinfilterungfine filtration
- 1919
- Tanktank
- 2121
- SüßwassertankFresh water tank
- 2222
- Tank für SalzwasserkonzentratTank for salt water concentrate
- 24a–24f24a-24f
- Ventilevalves
Claims (10)
Priority Applications (1)
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DE19850565A DE19850565B4 (en) | 1998-11-03 | 1998-11-03 | Electric self-service consumer and load control method for such a consumer |
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DE19850565A DE19850565B4 (en) | 1998-11-03 | 1998-11-03 | Electric self-service consumer and load control method for such a consumer |
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DE19850565A1 DE19850565A1 (en) | 2000-05-04 |
DE19850565B4 true DE19850565B4 (en) | 2013-04-04 |
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106830193A (en) * | 2017-02-08 | 2017-06-13 | 广州中国科学院先进技术研究所 | Island generates electricity and sea water desalting integral system and method |
DE102021107575A1 (en) | 2021-03-25 | 2022-09-29 | Technische Universität Darmstadt, Körperschaft des öffentlichen Rechts | Intermediate energy storage for wind turbines |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1182170A1 (en) * | 2000-08-22 | 2002-02-27 | Werner Dr. Reichen | Water treatment by means of evaporators that are incorporated in the wind-powered generator tower or bild next to it |
DE10105181C1 (en) * | 2001-02-06 | 2002-07-11 | Aerodyn Eng Gmbh | Wind-powered energy plant for water desalination has mechanical energy provided by rotor used for driving pressure pump for reverse osmosis system |
JP5330941B2 (en) * | 2009-09-15 | 2013-10-30 | パナソニック株式会社 | Equipment control system |
CN102092819B (en) * | 2009-12-10 | 2013-06-12 | 西门子(中国)有限公司 | Method and device for managing seawater desalination system and seawater desalination system |
CN103325290B (en) * | 2013-05-10 | 2014-12-31 | 重庆大学 | Method for stimulating deep sea floating type wind power generation |
CN105905968B (en) * | 2016-07-14 | 2022-08-23 | 上海骄英能源科技有限公司 | Energy-saving seawater desalination device with wind energy and light energy complementary power generation and control method |
CN108455705A (en) * | 2017-02-20 | 2018-08-28 | 黄新生 | Intelligent energy-saving water purifier system |
CN109867313B (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2021-12-14 | 平高集团有限公司 | Steam power generation seawater desalination system |
CN109944744B (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2023-05-12 | 曲阜师范大学 | Offshore magnetic suspension vertical axis wind power sea water desalination system |
CN113996181B (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2024-02-27 | 中量大黄山高质量发展研究院有限公司 | Filter and enrichment device |
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EP0046530A1 (en) * | 1980-08-14 | 1982-03-03 | Stichting Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland | Method and device for the optimum use of at least one variable and hard to master power source |
DE3613871A1 (en) * | 1986-04-24 | 1987-10-29 | Sep Tech Studien | Method for operating a system for using wind energy |
-
1998
- 1998-11-03 DE DE19850565A patent/DE19850565B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0046530A1 (en) * | 1980-08-14 | 1982-03-03 | Stichting Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland | Method and device for the optimum use of at least one variable and hard to master power source |
DE3613871A1 (en) * | 1986-04-24 | 1987-10-29 | Sep Tech Studien | Method for operating a system for using wind energy |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106830193A (en) * | 2017-02-08 | 2017-06-13 | 广州中国科学院先进技术研究所 | Island generates electricity and sea water desalting integral system and method |
DE102021107575A1 (en) | 2021-03-25 | 2022-09-29 | Technische Universität Darmstadt, Körperschaft des öffentlichen Rechts | Intermediate energy storage for wind turbines |
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