DE1771833B2 - METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MANUFACTURING FIBERS BY THE DRUM METHOD - Google Patents

Description

Fiber air stream protruding disc, roller 20 make glass thread pliable and flexible, around it or ring applicators (7, 17, 26 ) are provided. processing before abrasion or other mechanical

4. Device for carrying out the method to protect shear damage. After all, aie according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that one or more of the guide surfaces of one

Spinning funnel or scraper area interrupting, with a part in the flow path of the fibers protruding, stationary pillow, cloth or wire mesh applicators (28,36) are provided.

5. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the applicator (17, 26) in the with Air outlet openings (14) provided section (13) of a spinning funnel (11) extends into or at the seam between this and the imperforate section (12) is arranged.

6. Device according to claims 3 and 5, called 35 zen «, characterized in that several applicators in the practice (17, 26) at one or more points along the

Axis (21) of the spinning funnel (11) are arranged.

7. Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that in the spinning funnel or scraper area a holder (32) for a felt (28) opens, which is connected to a container (33) storing the sludge connected is.

8. Device according to claims 4 and 7,

staple fibers produced from the glass threads after they have been broken up into the fibers produced by their compression Glass cutter body, e.g. B. a sliver or in a fleece that has not yet been treated with binder, obtain a cohesion or adhesion to one another that ensures a certain tensile strength through the coating.

In addition to these main areas of application for a liquid coating agent, there are of course other options that are not part of the actual smelting process, such as B. the dyeing of fiberglass bodies. In the following, all of these possibilities are »Schmalist these three requirements pose a problem both with regard to the composition and also with regard to the dosage of the lumps in imme; same way to suffice. In the past, one was therefore mostly involved in the production of the oil forced to compromise, d. H. to put together a multi-component sludge with ensuring the adhesion of the threads to the drum circumference, protecting the drum surface, the

characterized by a through a gap (35) in ₄₅ securing the running properties of a stripper and the spinning funnel (27) inserted or suspended adhesion of the fibers obtained from the threads in the

tes close-meshed wire mesh (36) and a supply of lubricant source from outside the funnel (38).

The invention is directed to a method and an apparatus for the production of glass fibers, which to flat fiber bodies, such as mats or fleeces, or ribbon-shaped fiber bodies, such as fiber ribbons or Fuses or molded bodies, such as. B. pipe shells are further processed.

In a known and widely used method for producing fiberglass bodies, first continuous threads from streams of liquid or softened glass with a rapidly rotating take-off drum generated. Before completing a single turn on the drum, these threads are wound through a Stripper lifted and at the same time broken down into staple fibers of unequal length. The ones won in this way Components that secure fiber bodies to one another and which also have to be miscible with one another, and If possible, should come into effect in a chronological order and even if necessary colors or must contain other coating media.

The dosage of the sludge to be dispensed in the unit of time is also considerable in practice Difficulties, in particular because the above-mentioned requirement of successive times components coming into effect can often not be fully realized in practice.

For this reason, on the one hand, only just as much oil should be applied to the threads as is necessary to make them suitable for drum take-off, while on the other hand the individual staple fibers after leaving the haul-off drum should have enough of it to ensure its abrasion resistance and the sticking together in the fiber body to

guarantee. An overdose is harmful because then the threads along their path the drum circumference during extraction and transport to the scraper part of the

Loss, release to the surface of the drum. The sludge then adhering to the drum surface contaminates the drum surface and decomposes due to constant friction between the scraper and drum, which causes disturbing residues on the drum and on the scraper to further draw off the threads or lift them off the drum circumference and break them down into fibers. The residues form a kind of "emery paste" with the thread remnants, which are often broken down into the finest pieces, which attacks the drum surface and makes it increasingly unsuitable for further thread withdrawal conserve, but instead add too little of the fibers compacted to the fiber body and thus reduce their adhesion to one another , or in the event of overdosing, exchange this disadvantage for having to always interrupt production in order to clean the drum surface and scraper.

However, under- or overdosing also affects the spinning process itself, that is, the formation of the threads en the spinning cones of the heated ends of glass rods or under the spinnerets of a liquid glass containing tub or channel as well as pulling off and pulling off with a pull-off drum disadvantageous. If the threads running up on the take-off drum have received too little coating, so is yours Adhesion to the drum surface is insufficient and they become unevenly thick due to slippage deducted. This not only results in diameter fluctuations in the thread, but the threads can, due to the jerky withdrawal, even tear off or if they are not withdrawn for a moment will, so to speak, "stand still" and thereby burn down at their points of departure. Too strong too Coating has an effect in addition to the above-described contamination of the drum surface and scraper detrimental to the spinning process. The threads then "float" more or less on the Drum surface, which in turn results in an uneven thread thickness.

Above all, however, for the production of staple glass fiber sliver is a sufficient and evenly distributed one Schmälzant.eil indispensable, since the yarn uniformity and the tensile strength are directly dependent on it. This is because an uneven proportion of saturation results in uneven strength, which is the case with the further processing of the sliver leads to an uneven draft, which in turn leads to a uneven yarn is created.

In the conventional way of providing the withdrawn threads with a sizing coating, it was left to the operator working at the fiber production device to provide the sizing device located between the thread withdrawal point and the drum with more or less lubricating liquid, which inevitably resulted in inadmissible fluctuations in the finished sliver , which were measured in practice in values of 0.2 to 0.8% saturation content. It is obvious that the operator was primarily concerned with the proper running of the drum and scraper and with avoiding visible contamination of the drum surface. So even where the type of fiber body to be produced would have required a higher proportion of saturation, a lower proportion was often preferred because the operator had to consider the long-term, trouble-free operation of the pulling device to be more important than the subsequent fiber body, whose faults were not are visible at first glance.

It is known to solve this problem that the fibers, so to speak weakly sticking together, to the extent that they are required for the cohesion of the fibers in the fiber body during further processing of the same, only after the formation of the body bring it to the fibers that make it up. But this has the disadvantage that in this naturally only effective from the surface method, the association of the glass fiber body from the Schmälzeanahmeseinrichtung, z. B. Spray device, more distant fibers are not sure enough to absorb enough sludge on their surface , a state of affairs. which is particularly evident in the manufacture of a glass staple fiber ribbon or thread . It has proved impossible in practice to bring in into the core of the sliver Schmälze produced in the described manner, which, of course, with respect to the tensile strength of the sliver for the subsequent usually with multiple deflections associated rewinding process and also in the processing to a Has an adverse effect on yarn.

Accordingly, the invention was based on the object. to eliminate these disadvantages and in the composition or choice of the lip for the formation of a fiberglass body no longer consider the To have to take the spinning process of the threads, but purely on the intended use or the To be able to adjust the processing of the corresponding product, as well as the thread withdrawal with the Adjust the drum necessary grease to the thread take-off requirements and the grease in exactly to be able to apply a dosed amount to the threads and the fibers produced from them.

Accordingly, the invention relates to a method for producing glass fibers by the drum method, in which the drawn threads are melted before running onto the drum. This The process is characterized in that the fibers produced after they have been lifted from the drum circumference be subjected to an additional reduction.

The invention is shown in the drawings on some devices suitable for carrying out the method illustrated and described below on the basis of this. Since the underlying of the invention The general idea is to cover the threads of fiberglass bodies the one to separate the fibers and numerous for the covering of the threads, including from the Applicant proposed methods are known, deal with the proposals for devices for Carrying out the method according to the invention only with the second method stage, that is to say the coating the fibers emerging from the threads. To do this, show:

Fig. 1 shows a device for producing a flat glass fiber body in partial section and reduced Scale,

2 shows a side view of a device for producing a ribbon-like or yarn-like glass fiber body,

3 shows a section in the plane HI-III in FIG. 2 through the object according to FIG. 2,

4 shows a section through an individual part of a

Device according to FIGS. 2 and 3,

Fig.5 shows a modified embodiment in the Type of representation according to FIG. 3,

6 shows a vertical section through a further variant of a device according to the invention for Production of a ribbon-shaped fiberglass body,

7 shows another to the embodiment according to F i g. 6 based embodiment.

F i g. 1 schematically shows the part of a plant for the production of fleeces, mats and the like, which is of interest to the invention, flat glass staple fiber bodies (e.g. according to German patent specification 9 76 682) which a large number (about 130 to 500) in any way generated threads f run parallel to each other after they have been d. have received a coating necessary for the threads to adhere to the take-off drum. These threads drawn out with the drum are guided partly on the surface of the drum, partly with the rotating boundary air layer produced by the rotation, called the "circulating wind", as far as a scraper 2, which rests on the drum circumference and is attached to a support strip 3 pivotable about an axis is. The take-off drum 1 moves in a housing that partially encloses it, called an "apron", the wall 4 of which surrounds the drum surface at a distance and holds the circulating wind together. The continuation of the channel formed by the drum surface and the inner surface of the apron is formed by the scraper area, which, starting with the scraper 2, is composed of a deflection device generally designated 5 and an adjoining guide device 6 which guides the fibers to the location which a fiber body is formed by compression.

The threads carried along by the drum t as it rotates in the direction of arrow A and continuously withdrawn from the thread formation point (not shown) are lifted from the drum circumference by the scraper 2 and broken up into fibers of unequal length, whereby, together with the lifted circulating wind, a fiber air flow S corresponding to the drum width is created

At a suitable point in the scraper area, expediently on the actual deflection part 5, but possibly also in the horizontal top wall serving as a guide device 6, a roller applicator 7 set in rotation in the direction of arrow B runs, which either runs through an immersion bath containing the sludge or , as shown, is continuously provided with this by a drip or spray device 8 . The roller applicator mounted outside of the I Jmlenkteiles 5 with the axis 9 extends with a part 10 of its circumference into the deflection device 5, that is, interrupts the deflected fiber flow, the guide surface formed by the deflection device and cover wall, so that the individual fibers on the deflection device extending surface of the roller must pass and thereby decrease from this sump.

This ensures that the individual fibers come into contact entirely or for the most part on the way from the point of their formation to their compression to form the fiber body with the type and dosage required in each case, so that in the product made from these fibers all or at least almost all fibers are wetted with the respectively desired slack and the degree of their wetting depends neither on their position in the fiber body produced nor on the intensity of the coating of the threads produced as a preliminary product.

Even with thin fiberglass, such as those used as a carrier material for the production of bituminized glass fleece roofing membranes, corrosion protection bandages for pipes and containers, etc. are used using conventional methods, it is difficult, for the reasons explained above, to A liquid treatment agent over the cross section, which is usually only a fraction of a millimeter to distribute evenly. But it is even more difficult, as the practitioner knows, with the help of conventional ones Methods, for example by melting the threads or with the help of a spray device Production of a ribbon-like fiber body, a melt evenly into the core of a glass fiber ribbon, Bring in a Vorgar ies or fuse. The method according to the invention, in which the individual fibers brought into contact with the sludge after their production but before their compression on the other hand, makes it possible to produce a ribbon-shaped fiber body that extends over the entire cross-section an equal and sufficient proportion of the desired, adapted to the respective use Has lip. Tests have shown that this significantly improves the cohesion of the Fibers in the fiber body can be increased and. associated with this, there is an increase in strength.

One possibility, the method according to the invention for the production of a ribbon-shaped fiber body. z. B. to use a glass staple fiber ribbon with moving applicators is shown in FIGS. 2 to 4 illustrated schematically. For this purpose, a "spinning funnel" called a shaft, for example a spinning funnel 11, is used in a manner known per se, which is composed here of sections 12 and 13, section 13 being wholly or partially provided with air outlet openings 14, and which is cylindrical or frustoconical Section 12 opens into a flue pipe 15. In the parting line between the imperforate and the perforated section, a ring applicator 17, driven in any way and running in rollers 16, is arranged, the inner circumferential surface 18 of which extends into the space delimited by the spinning funnel 11 in the direction of arrow C via a guide device 19 in width The fiber air stream flowing into the spinning funnel 11 from the take- off drum is initially directed in the direction of the rear end face 20 provided with openings because the fiber air stream, following the path of least resistance, tries to expand, for which the openings 14 in section 13 give it the opportunity. At the same time, however , the fiber air flow changes into a circular vortex movement that is increasingly condensing towards the axis 21 of the spinning funnel Section 13 are diverted. 1 5The sliver FB is removed from the continuously formed in the trumpet vortex perpendicular to the inflow direction of the fibers from the exhaust pipe. In any case, the largest proportion of the inflowing fibers reaches the cylindrical rear end, facing away from the exhaust pipe 15, first.

th section and brushes along the protruding inner peripheral surface 18 of the transmission ring 17, whereby the sludge is released to the surface of the fibers. The transfer surface can be supplied, for example, in the manner illustrated in detail in FIG. 4 with the oil which is to be brought to the fibers . For this purpose z. B. in the ring 17 extending at an angle to the radii bores 22 with which the ring scoops the oil from a storage container 23 , which reaches the inner circumferential surface 18 upon further rotation in the direction of the arrow Dan. In this way, most of all is put in the so-called "fiber tail" contained fibers with the desired liquid in contact practical, can be arranged whereby of course also distributed over the length of the spinning funnel 11 a plurality of transmission rings 17th

In the further embodiment according to FIG. 5 protrude into the spinning funnel 11 one or more, for. B. three, arranged offset by 120 °, slowly rotating disc applicators 24a, 24ύ and 24c , which receive the lubricants from a storage tub 25 or via drip devices 26a and 26b . During the slow rotation of the disks 24a and 24c , the sludge gets into the interior of the spinning funnel and from there is released from the surfaces of these disks to the individual fibers moving in the "fiber tail".

The arrangement of several disks arranged in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the spinning funnel or lying along this axis, e.g. B. three disks, can be useful, especially at high take-off speeds, in order to achieve a uniform distribution of the lubricating liquid in the ribbon-shaped fiber body. The rear part of the fiber-air vortex that builds up in the spinning funnel, called the “fiber tail”, does not usually stand still in it, but instead executes a circular movement as a whole, as shown in dash-dotted lines, following a movement path K. If a sliver is drawn off at high speed, it can happen with only one disc that only some of the fibers come into contact with the sap, which is noticeable in the finished product in untreated areas occurring at intervals.

The disks 24a to 24c are expediently arranged so that they can be adjusted so that more or less large circular segments can protrude into the part 13 of the spinning funnel which is provided with air outlet openings. As a result, by selecting the speed and / or by setting the corresponding depth of the parts protruding into the spinning funnel and thus into the fiber stream, it is possible to set the desired proportion of lubricant.

Further suitable and practically tested possibilities of applying a sludge to the individual fibers with immobile applicators are shown in FIG. 6 and 7. In the embodiment according to FIG. 6 is in the spinning funnel, generally designated 27, a liquid transfer element made of absorbent material, ζ extending over its entire width or a substantial part of the same. Β. Felts 28, provided, which is continuously supplied from the outside with a liquid absorbed by it. The felt protrudes so far into the interior 29 of the spinning funnel that the fibers flowing in via the guide surface 30 of the turning device and initially moving in the vortex W on or near the inner surface of the spinning funnel on the part protruding into the interior space as a scraper edge 31 Stroke along the felt and take on the smear. For this purpose, the felt can be held in a housing 32 and the sludge can be removed from a container 33. The degree of wetting depends on the absorbency of the felt, on the level of the sludge in the container 33 and on the length or depth of the protruding part 31.

Apart from the possibility that several of the types of device described above in combination Can be used, the intensity of the wetting can be increased even further. Becomes a If an extremely high proportion of saturation, e.g. over 1%, is required, then the felt 28 can be removed. To the Place of the FiI i-wiper edge 31 then passes over the entire width of the spinning funnel extending, channel-like wiper lip 34 in function, in which is kept a constant liquid distance from the container 33 via the housing 32 not filled by the felt will. The individual fibers in a circular motion brush against this channel-like structure Along the wiper lip and get their coating directly from the liquid level.

Fig. 7 shows an embodiment, very simple and low-maintenance construction, which allows a constant and particularly precisely controllable wetting of the fibers to be achieved. For this purpose, the transmission element 36 is pushed or hooked into a gap-shaped opening 35 extending over the whole or a substantial part of the width of the spinning funnel. In addition to felt, a close-meshed wire mesh, which is preferably drawn onto a support plate 37, has proven particularly useful here. The end of the protruding part de? Transmission element can something be abgewinkeil to the fiber air flow to provide some Widerstanc so that the fiber securing entiangstreifen because Opposite felt which wears off after a long time and due to progressive gumming unc curing the non-evaporating components dei Schmälze loses ■■ absorbency, fine-meshed wire mesh has the advantage of less maintenance and a longer service life. In addition, fluctuations in the proportion of coating in the fiber product produced e.g. B. sliver avoided, which may occur during dei using felt of the above-mentioned reasons to be.

The wire mesh, preferably applied to a support plate, has a practically unlimited shelf life and came can easily be washed out if soiling occurs. About a - not shown - Dosiervor direction it is by means of a drip device 31 continuously with Schmälze or with a other coating liquid, e.g. B. an adhesive or paint, supplied The wire mesh has dii Task, the applied liquid zi evenly distribute and hold. A hinge 39 allows the part 40 of the spinning funnel to be removed when cleaning or the like to open up.

For this purpose 2 sheets of drawings

Claims (3)

Patent claims: '1. Process for the production of glass fibers according to the drum process, in which the drawn threads are placed on the drum before they run onto the drum are melted, characterized in that the fibers formed after lifting from the drum circumference of an additional Be subjected to lapping. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the Schmälzung in a spinning funnel or the scraper area 3. Apparatus for carrying out the method according to claims 1 and 2, characterized geken-izeich- 15 consists in that one or more rotated, with part of their circumference, the guide surfaces of a spinning funnel (II, 12, 27, 29) or scraper area (2,5,6 ) interrupting and in the guide path of the fibers are then suspended in an air stream ai guided along guide surfaces and compressed at a location remote from de withdrawing drum place under Eliminieninj the air to the fiber body as a final product, both the withdrawal of the filaments as well as dii producing a body from the Fibers arising from the thread require coating with a liquid medium. This is usually done on the way that the threads from the spinning point to zi their first contact with the trigger stream. In most cases, the overcoat of the stripped threads, called "peeling" in practice, has a threefold task. One task is to give the thread an adhesion to the surface of the fast rotating take-off drum which is large enough to prevent slippage between the thread and the drum surface. In addition, the coating should suit the individual