DE1703171A1 - Hit image display device for determining the penetration point coordinates of projectiles - Google Patents

Description

"Hit image display device for determining the penetration point coordinates of projectiles"

The invention relates to a hit image display device for the determination of the penetration point coordinates of projectiles. The device according to the invention is particularly suitable for so-called "iebensdauerbeschüsse" intended, since for their evaluation to each ^ the rhythm requires the recording of a meeting image.

The conventional method, namely hanging and evaluating shooting targets, is extremely time-consuming and, also imprecise, since at the end of each sequence of shots you only get the Can measure the entirety of all penetration points, but cannot determine how the individual shots followed one another.

There are already meeting display devices with electric Transfer of the determined values known, but all of them have serious disadvantages.

A known self-indicating target consists of mutually insulated metal strips which are connected to one another in an electrically conductive manner by the impact of the projectile and thus close indicating circuits. The individual strips are grouped together, and each group is assigned its own display circuit. The more precisely you want to determine the coordinates, the more finely the target must be subdivided, and accordingly there is a correspondingly large number of display circuits. Since the bullet itself needs to hit the target for the display, this target cannot be used from the outset for, for example, life-long shots. 109882/0034 ■■ '... ■■■■'"'. -2- ■■■ - ■■■■".

. In the above-described device is in the known embodiment only a subdivision into a few areas is provided. In another known self-displaying target the coordinates, namely the values of a right-angled coordinate system, are to be displayed. With this well-known The device is either on the target itself or on a location diagram connected to the target via electrical cables the display of the coordinate values is provided. The display on the location chart is done, for example, by an incandescent lamp that everyone Coordinate intersection is assigned and is switched on via an assigned contact on the target itself. at For this known target, the number of transmission lines corresponds to the sum of the coordinate distances, increased by one. An exact measurement results in a considerable amount of wiring. Here too, the contacts are actuated by the impact of the projectiles, so that this known target for the main field of application of the present invention is not useful.

Another known device for displaying shooting results consists of a disc made of a solid material and a signal transmitter, which is exposed to vibration shocks emits signals in the target as a result of a hit on the same. The signal transmitter should respond to longitudinal waves in address the massive disc. The signal transmitter itself works on the microphone principle. The signals are transmitted electric. By arranging several signal transmitters on a pane, the point of impact of a bullet can thereby be determined that the transit time differences of the longitudinal waves are evaluated up to the individual signal transmitters will. When firing, especially with larger calibers, the target is of course gradually destroyed, and accordingly the transit time of the longitudinal waves within the disk also changes. The evaluation of the signals requires accordingly

109882/0034

a considerable effort for .the electrical circuit, and This device is like the known devices described above Naturally useless for long-term shots ♦

The object of the invention is to provide a hit image display device for the determination of the penetration point coordinates of projectiles with electrical transmission of the determined values, in which not only the projectiles are unaffected by the device itself stay, but in which the transmission of the electrical signals is possible with a minimum of wiring.

This object is achieved according to the invention by a plurality of and arranged in the two coordinate directions Photoelectric interrupted by the projectiles flying through Light barriers with one light transmitter and one light receiver each, through one Memory arrangement for storing the light receiver signals by an interrogation arrangement for successive interrogation and transmission of the stored signals representing the coordinates and a display arrangement for displaying the corresponding Coordinates.

The hit image display device according to the invention has the following significant advantages:

The projectiles are in no way through the light barriers influenced. But vice versa, there is no damage to the Device through the projectiles, so that the device is practically unlimited remains usable. Querying the memory and transferring the stored values can be extremely fast go so that you can work with high rate of fire. Since the values are all via a single two-pole cable as series information (Pulse train) can be transmitted, the line expenditure is always even with very precise determination of the coordinates equally low. A wireless transmission channel can also be provided become (sender and receiver); as a result, it is without

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great effort possible, the display arrangement at a safe distance to be accommodated by the light barriers, e.g. in a bunker. The display is straightforward in numerical decimal Shape.

The entire device is therefore expediently divided into two main assemblies divided, one of which contains the light barriers, the memory arrangement and the interrogation order, while the display order of the first-mentioned assembly in more secure Distance, e.g. can be accommodated in a bunker. The electrical signals containing the information about the coordinate values can be in chronological order to the Display arrangement are transmitted; only a single channel is then required for the signal transmission. For the power supply For the first assembly, a supply line is only required if the assembly does not have its own power source. A battery in connection with wireless transmission can make the system even more agile.

When using Cartesian coordinates, it is useful to see a rectangular, torsion-resistant frame Carrier for the light transmitter and receiver in front, which is in two contiguous Strive for the light transmitter and the associated light receiver in the respective opposing struts . The light transmitters are expediently attached in the frame that they are individually with respect to the associated receiver can be aligned. The number of for each coordinate direction provided transmitter (and the equally large number of receivers) must be selected to be larger, the "more accurate" the coordinates are to be determined. For the smallest bullet caliber envisaged, the diameter of the light rays must be something smaller than half the diameter of this caliber must be selected, so that there is definitely at least one light beam in each coordinate direction is interrupted when a floor by the

Frame flies. 109882/0034

So that the adjustment of the light transmitter and their mutual Distance change as little as possible, e.g. as a result of temperature fluctuations, the frame is appropriately provided with a heat-reflective coating. It must of course be taken care of that the light receivers are exposed to continuous light - e.g. solar radiation - not triggered. They can be shielded accordingly be, or you can provide a compensation circuit, or a modulation of the light transmitter, the light receiver respond to the modulated light rays alone. A practical solution is characterized by a light transmitter with constant Liehtstrom and a light receiver (phototransistor, ^ -diode or similar. Element), which is followed by a high pass. In this case, the high pass is dimensioned so that only pulses with a rise time ta έ 5o microseconds. to a subsequent amplifier be passed on. In this way, the light beam emanating from the light transmitter is from the projectile flying through modulated and by the downstream of the light receiver High pass ensures that only light changes with a prescribed Rise time can be registered.

This arrangement offers several advantages. In addition to the fact that light transmitters with constant luminous flux are much cheaper M than those with intermittent light, which is particularly noticeable with a large number of light barriers, each individual light barrier is still completely independent of external light, since the light receiver only responds to very rapid changes in light . An alternating light barrier would also have to work with a light of high frequency so that the projectile remains in the light beam with certainty during its passage through a period of the light sequence. The high costs for light transmitters with light frequencies of • more than 100 kHz are avoided by the simplified arrangement proposed here. The main advantage of the arrangement proposed here is that by defining the limit frequency of the high

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passes all rise (or fall) times t _a 2: 5o microseconds. not sufficient for registration and storage. Thus, the light barrier by flying birds and insects could simultaneously or just before a bullet because of their low speed, no F _e hlimpulse trigger at the amplifier outputs. Only bodies with a velocity component perpendicular to the light grid plane of more than 2oo m / sec. (for the shortest floor) are registered.

For the storage of the emitted by the light receivers Signals is expediently a bistable flip-flop circuit for each light receiver (e.g. a bistable multivibrator, a so-called "flip-flop circuit"), which, when the The light barrier is switched (set) by a storey and remains in this memory state until it is triggered again by a clear signal is switched back. The evaluation of the stored signals is expediently carried out with the aid of electronic circuit means, which will be described later by way of example with reference to the attached Drawings are described.

As mentioned above, the width of the light barriers is adapted to the smallest caliber, because the projectile flying through is from smallest caliber must completely interrupt at least one light barrier in each coordinate direction. When using the device for larger calibers this will result in several light barriers being interrupted at the same time when a projectile passes through the light barrier is flying. A corresponding correction circuit is then expediently provided in the display device, so that the device can be activated by simply pressing a switch by means of coordinate transformation can be adapted to any caliber.

The frame with the light transmitters and receivers, the memory circuits and the interrogation arrangement is protected against damage by the projectiles , for example, by deflectors arranged at an acute angle or other armor. 109882/0034

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An embodiment of the invention is intended below will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings:

Fig. 1 shows the block diagram of the device, and

Fig. 2 shows schematically a section of the

The light barrier grating that passes through the light barriers of the frame shown in FIG is formed

Fig. 5 shows the block diagram of a light transmitter with the assigned light receiver.

In Fig. 1, the frame Io is shown schematically on the struts 12, 14: each carries 2oo light transmitters 9o arranged at the same distance from one another. The arranged in the strut 12 Light transmitters divide the inside of the frame with their light rays into 2oo equal distances, and the same applies to the Light transmitter in the strut 14. With a total size of the light barrier grille For example, 2 × 2 m, each light barrier is about 1 cm wide. The smallest permissible caliber is therefore 20 mm; the penetration coordinates are accurate to 1 cm can be determined. The light transmitters are via a supply line 16 from a transformer 18 with a downstream rectifier and sieve chain or ams with a DC voltage source DC voltage supplied.

The struts 2o and 22 of the frame lo, which the struts 12 and 14 opposite, take the light receiver 92, namely the strut 22 the light receiver assigned to the vertical coordinate (y-coordinate) and the strut 2o that of the horizontal Coordinate (x-coordinate) assigned.

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The light transmitters 9o and the light receivers 92 are designed as independent units (building blocks) that can be inserted into the frame Io and each have simple optics in the form of a planoconvex lens 72 or 74 (FIG. 3), with an incandescent lamp 7o as the light source a thread of the smallest possible extent is provided. The lenses 72, 74 ensure that the light receivers are only irradiated by the associated light transmitters and are not influenced by neighboring light sources. The light receiver units have a photo transistor 76, a high-pass filter 78, a three-stage amplifier 8o and a Schmitt trigger 82 as the actual light sensor is that the imaging of the light emitter adjacent to the associated light emitter is prevented. By amplifying the amplifier 8o, the loss of light caused by the diaphragm is compensated for again. In addition to a high cut-off frequency, the silicon phototransistors 76 provided also have a low output impedance. The high-pass filter 78 connected downstream of the transistor is dimensioned in such a way that only pulses with a rise time t _a s £ 50 microseconds. can be passed on to the subsequent amplifier 8o. This raises the weak pulses of the phototransistor to a level of at least 3 V. The downstream Schmitt trigger 82 converts the previously bell-shaped pulses into square-wave pulses with standardized rise times so that they can be processed further in the subsequent logic system. Each of the light receivers 92 is also assigned a bistable multivibrator (y-memory or x-memory), which are designated by 24 and 26, respectively. With the square-wave pulses emanating from the Schmitt trigger 82, the memories 24 and 26 are set (switched over).

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As soon as a projectile flies through the frame, at least two of the light barriers are completely interrupted and, accordingly, at least one of the memory circuits for the x direction and one of the memory circuits for the y direction are switched over. A shot detector 28 responds to the projectile flying through or to the tilting of the flip-flop circuits and, after an appropriate delay time of, for example, one ms, puts a clock 32 into operation via a command unit 3o. The clock frequency is specified; but it does not need to be particularly stabilized. The clock 32 is part of the interrogation arrangement. It works with such a frequency that between A two successive shots all memories can be queried one after the other. Its frequency must accordingly be selected to be higher, the more light barriers are provided and the shorter the time interval between two successive shots. The pulses of the clock generator 32 are counted into a y interrogation counter 34 and an x interrogation counter 36. The respective current position of the counters forms the address for interrogating all memories one after the other with the aid of an assigned y-comparator or comparator 38 or x-comparator 4o. Sobaldin these comparators the first switched memory is determined, is nal transmitted from a corresponding comparator Sig- * to the instruction unit 3o and the timer stopped. After a short delay, the command system puts the clock back into operation and the other comparator is activated. With each shot, two clearly separated pulse trains are emitted, one for each coordinate value. After the second pulse sequence has been emitted, the command system switches the clock off again and is ready for the next shot; in addition, the memories and the x and y counters are switched back again.

109882/0034

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In the exemplary embodiment described, the clock generator 32 emits a maximum of 2oo pulses for each coordinate, and the The number of pulses achieved in each case corresponds to the position of the respective interrupted light barrier. Simultaneously with the query process the pulses of the clock generator 32 are transmitted via an impedance converter 42 and a broadband cable 44 to the display arrangement. A separate power supply unit 46 is provided for the power supply of the circuit arrangement which has been described so far. The broadband cable 44, e.g. a coaxial cable with 6οΛ Characteristic impedance, and the lead 48 to the power supply 46 can be practically made in any length, for example be more than 1,000 feet long.

For example, if the clock has a pulse repetition frequency of 20 kHz, the pulses are spaced 50 microseconds apart. For querying the 2oo + 2oo memories therefore takes 4oo X 5o microseconds. = 2o ms. Without taking into account the short delay time of the order of about 1 ms - after the shot as well after the pause between the two pulses and after the second pulse train, the distance between two consecutive pulses is allowed The shots to be evaluated should not be less than 2o ms, which corresponds to a rate of 3,000 rounds / min.

The impulses arriving via the cable 44 are also counted after they have been transformed by an adaptation stage 50 for the processing of the signal. An address counter 52 ensures that the coordinates of successive shots are displayed, for example, on numeric display tubes 54 which are arranged one below the other and controlled by corresponding counter stages. B _e i be provided a frame size of 2 * 2 m and an accuracy of 1 cm must for each coordinate value of three digits display tubes; the coordinates can then be read off directly. So there are six number indicator tubes for each shot

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necessary. For example, in FIG. 1, "is the first eleven of a total of twenty, each consisting of six numeric display tubes Display devices have been controlled. The address counter takes care of the switchover after one from the clock generator 32 transmitted pulse train pair, so that shot series of up to to 2o school can be displayed together. When the bombardment continues, the display counter 54 must then first go through a delete key 56 can be deleted. When bombarded with larger ones For calibres, the caliber correction device 58 must be actuated by means of a switch 6o.

The corresponding signals to be added are the display counters supplied via a command unit 62. The display arrangement is also provided with its own power supply unit 64. Appropriate a transformer is provided, which makes it safe to touch is guaranteed.

Fig. 2 shows schematically a section from the light barrier grid. The floors indicated by A, B, C and D each interrupt at least one light barrier in each coordinate direction. Since the pulse generator 32 (clock) is stopped when the first toggle switch of each coordinate direction has been determined is in accordance with the scanning direction the intersection point of two light barriers marked with V is indicated by the arrows X and Y as the penetration point. From it there is a need to correct larger calibers, e.g. at D.

In a simple manner it can be ensured that the shot detector 28 is only triggered when a projectile hits the Photoelectric barrier flies, but not slower when flying through Objects, for example birds or leaves or also

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larger insects. For this purpose, in the supply of the light receivers 76 of the H _o chpass turned 78, This causes only short pulses of a predetermined maximum period of time to be transmitted, but not longer pulses. The implemented device only responds to objects with a speed of more than 2oo m / s. By expanding the arrangement, it is also possible to determine the duration of the interruption of the light barriers yourself; The speed of the projectiles can then be determined from the known length of the projectiles. A corresponding display can be provided in the display arrangement; the transmission via the cable 44 can for example be provided according to the time division multiplex method in the pauses between the coordinate pulse trains.

Printers can be attached to the display arrangement to register the coordinate values and, if necessary, the projectile velocities Connect in a known manner.

The time interval between the first pulses of every second pulse train is the time between two successive ones Shots; this time can also easily be determined and displayed in the display arrangement, so that the cadence is determined and can be printed out.

With the large number of components provided in the system, a high level of reliability and immunity to interference are achieved preferably monolithic (integrated) circuits are used.

Before starting up the device, i.e. before starting a measurement, an automatic test program can be used to quickly determine defective bulbs 7o are switched on. This means that all light receivers can also be checked for their function at the same time will. 109882/0034

Claims (19)

Düsseldorf, April 4th, 1968 RHINE METAU. GMBH '1 / Tue 171 DOS SE LDORF File 449 Pat ent an s ρ r ü c he IJ target display device for determining the penetration point coordinates of floors with electrical transmission of the identified works, identified by a Large number of photoelectric light barriers, each with a light transmitter and, arranged in the two coordinate directions and interrupted by the projectiles flying through them (A, B, G, D) -receiver, through a storage arrangement (24, 26) for storing ' the light receiver signals, by an interrogation arrangement (3o, 32, 34, 36) for successive interrogation and transmission of the stored, the signals representing the coordinates and through a display arrangement (54) for displaying the corresponding Coordinates. 2. Meeting image display device according to claim 1, characterized by a rectangular, torsion-resistant Frame (lo) as a carrier for the light transmitter and receiver, which is in two adjacent struts (12, 14) adjustable the light ._ transmitter and in the respective opposite struts (2o, 22) the. assigned light receiver. 3. Meeting image display device according to claim 2, gekennz e 1 ch.ne.t by a heat-reflective coating of the frame. , 4. meeting image display device according to claim 1, g e k e η η - ζ e i c h η e t through a light transmitter with constant light - current and a light receiver (phototransistor, diode or similar. Element), which is followed by a high-pass filter (78) of this type " ² " 10 9882/0034 is that only pulses with a rise time t _a £ s 5o microseconds. be passed on to a subsequent amplifier (80). 5. meeting image display device according to claim 1, characterized in that each light receiver as A bistable multivibrator (24, 26) is connected downstream of the memory, which in the event of an interruption of the associated light barrier up to When a clear signal is received, it is switched (set). 6. meeting image display device according to claim 5, characterized by a measuring device for the duration of the light barrier interruption and the projectile dimensions projectile velocity to be determined. 7. meeting image display device according to claim 5, characterized characterized in that the query arrangement has a clock (pulse generator) (32) which is interrupted by a light barrier can be triggered by a shot detector (28), a counter (34, 36) being assigned to each coordinate direction is for counting the pulses emitted by the clock that each counter has a coordinate comparator (38, 4o) is assigned for querying the flip-flops one after the other according to the respective position of the counter as the control address for the purpose of determining the switched flip-flops, and that the clock generator by an output pulse of the coordinate comparator can be stopped when the first toggle switch is determined in each coordinate direction. 8. meeting image display device according to claim 7, characterized characterized in that the pulse sequences determined for the coordinates for each shot, the number of pulses for the position corresponds to the first interrupted light barriers, can be transmitted one after the other to the display arrangement. -3-109882 / 0034 1- 9. meeting image display device according to claim 8, characterized characterized in that the display arrangement Display devices (54) for the numerical indication of the interrupted light barrier coordinates, at the same time the transmitted pulse numbers. 10. meeting image display device according to claim 7, characterized characterized in that the pulse repetition rate of the Pulse generator (clock) (32) at least equal to the reciprocal value of the product of the time interval between two successive ones Shots and the total number of photocells is. 11. Meeting image display device according to claim 7, characterized g e k e η η ζ e i c h η e t that the flip-flops and the counters can be automatically reset after the pulse trains have been transmitted. 12. Meeting image display device according to claim 9, d a d ur c h g e k e η η ζ e ic h η e t that the display devices Include digit indicator tubes for each decade of the coordinates and associated counting circuits for the pulse train. 13. Meeting image display device according to claim 12, d a d u r c h ge ken nz verich net that the display arrangement a A plurality of sound indicators controlled automatically one after the other for several successive shots. 14. Meeting image display device according to claim 15, d a d u r c h g e k e η η ζ e i c h η e t that an extinguishing device (56.) is provided for the common deletion of all display devices. -4-109882 / 0034 15. Meeting image display device according to claim 9, characterized characterized in that the display arrangement has a correction circuit (58, 60) for the coordinate transformation the display when several light barriers are interrupted by larger caliber projectiles. 16. Meeting image display device according to claim 1, characterized characterized in that a printer for printing out the determined coordinate values is attached to the display arrangement is connectable. 17. Meeting image display device according to claim 8, characterized characterized in that the display arrangement comprises a cadence display device for displaying the off the time interval between the first pulses of two consecutive ones Pulse train pairs determined shot rate. 18. Meeting image display device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hit image display device is in a frame part with the frame, the memory arrangement, the interrogation arrangement and an associated power supply unit (46) on the one hand and the display arrangement with it an associated power supply unit (64) on the other hand is divided, which two parts by a mains voltage cable (48) for the power supply of the frame part and a two-pole signal transmission cable (44) are connected to one another for the display arrangement. 19. Hit image display device according to claim 18, characterized in that the R _a hmenteil is armored with the arrangements assigned to it against fire. -5-109882 / 0034 2o. Fail image display apparatus according to claim 18, characterized in that the signal transmission cable is adapted via an impedance converter (42) to the frame part and a matching stage (5o) to the display device g Eke η η ζ calibration η et. 109882/0034