DE1626050A1 - Device for dispensing an ignition agent for combustion chambers of liquid rocket engines - Google Patents

Description

BÜLKOW society r bttobruriti limited HaFtpng, near Munich

Ottobrunh., Q »: February 1967

BP 60I

VorrlGhfciing to allocate a primer for Brenfikanimern of liquid sr aketenfcriebv / recognize

Erri? Idttng refers to a device for allocating Elneß ZÜnömitteier for Brennkainmerö - "- of. Liquid rocket engines, that is injected into the combustion chamber through an ignition channel, and with it one of; both propellant components reacts hypergolically; »

10

To ignite the combustion chamber of a z. 3. With liquid hydrogen and oxygen powered rocket engine, it is known to use chlorotrifluoride or aluminum triethyl as an ignition agent, depending on whether hydrogen or oxygen is introduced into the combustion chamber beforehand when the combustion chamber is started, which react hypergolically with one or the other of the ignition agents mentioned. After igniting the combustion chamber, the respective second propellant component is then fed into the combustion chamber and this is fully put into operation (NASA, TECHNICAL NOTE / D-68H-, April I96I). The introduction of a certain amount of ignition fluid in front of an ignition channel leading into the combustion chamber for a single ignition of the combustion chamber takes place here by means of an incombustible (inert) compressed gas, to avoid oxide formation and clogging of the ignition cells, the ignition channel is flushed with non-combustible gas before each new ignition .

Furthermore, according to the German patent specification 9 ^ 1 05 ^ a Zllndelnrlchtung for rocket and gas turbine engines in the form of "with its muzzle protruding into the combustion chamber double-sided ignition chamber with an electric spark plug is known, which ignites the oxygen-rich ignition mixture consisting of a pilot fuel and ignition oxygen , the exit of the Zündkairaner or in the ignition channel of the l> .d fuel rest Via a double wall -: ^x '"■'^; - ^ 1 0 9-8 2BV-010 0" l ^

The annular gap formed is added to produce twisting. If this ignition device is used, it is possible, according to the supply of ZündbrenristOiff '·; ■ and ignition oxygen to carry out any number of ignitions; However, various tile parts also adhere to such a design. These consist on the one hand in the fact that these structurally complex ignition devices tend to coke during operation of the engine, which at least calls into question their operating environment. In addition, electrically initiated ignition devices have a reliably long ignition delay time due to the low ignition energy, in contrast to hypergolic reacting _t . Ignition means whose ignition delay is extremely short.

Furthermore, the German Ausiegeschrlft 1 228 858 shows a device intended for the distribution of the pilot fuel for afterburning of gas turbine engines, which is designed as a cylinder cylinder unit, the opening of which the cylinder chamber is connected to the high-pressure fuel system and into an ignition medium storage chamber with a Ztindbrennatoffeenge for an ignition divides, from which a valve-controlled line to the pilot burner j ^ Ührt, the usual catfish is installed in the wall of the combustion chamber. for triggering the supply of fuel and for promoting ... the ignition means to the pilot burner are provided with control valves and an actuating piston which -

monitor the substance in the pressure chamber of the cylinder-piston unit ^,! wherein the "piston is loaded by a spring in the direction of" pulling the ignition means reservoir ^{1 '.} Apart from the fact that this known device, as already mentioned, is intended exclusively for igniting afterburners of gas turbine engines, it is also structurally complex and complex. For the sake of completeness, it should also be mentioned that the known pilot burners installed in the combustion chamber wall of gas turbine engines essentially consist of a high-voltage spark plug and a fuel atomizer with a single-acting shut-off valve operated by a solenoid.

The invention is based on the object of a device of the type mentioned at the beginning, which in addition to the property to allow multiple ignitions without reloading ignition means, has a simple structural design and at the same time reliable, precise work is guaranteed. It is also an object of the invention with regard to to the aforementioned requirements and with regard to the given propellant components and hypergolic ignition system to create simple functional relationships.

The object is achieved according to the invention in that oils device for dispensing one with either of the two

BATH

109828/0100

Propellant components hypergol reacting igniter for combustion chambers of liquid rocket engines, tyle. known per se, is designed as a cylinder- piston unit, the piston of which divides the cylinder space into a pressure space acted upon by a working medium and into an ignition medium storage space containing a volume for several injections (ignitions) with an ignition medium outlet channel, and that a two-way switch valve is provided , which in its one position during normal operation: the combustion chamber blocks the ignition agent outlet channel and at the same time opens a flushing circuit flowing through the ignition agent channel and which in its other position releases the ignition agent outlet channel during the ignition process and at the same time blocks the flushing agent circuit.

It is also proposed in the context of the invention, the The flushing circuit and the pressure chamber of the cylinder-piston unit on the high-pressure system with the ignition agent used are not to connect reacting propellant component. In execution this is done when using an igniter which does not react with the propellant component "fuel" the flushing circuit and, as is known per se, the pressure chamber the cylinder-piston unit on the high-pressure "fuel" system ■ or connected to a fuel pressure line.

BAD-ORIQINAt

10982670tOO

1626090

In an embodiment of the invention is at the front end of the. Cylinder of the cylinder-piston unit, a housing arranged coaxially, in particular releasably attached, the ' ^? at its end facing away from the cylinder-piston unit has a cylindrical extension which, together with said housing, serves for the arrangement and installation of the two-way switchover valve. According to the invention, a preferred embodiment of the two-way changeover valve consists in designing it as a solenoid valve, the movable valve body of which has a first valve surface which controls the ignition means outlet bore and which is formed by a sealing body inserted into the valve body, and a has a second valve surface which controls the flushing circuit and which is formed by a sealing ring which sits on the end of the valve body facing the cylinder-piston unit and is supported on an annular collar provided there. ; ,

Further features according to the invention are in the version of included subclaims.

Due to the structurally simple structure and functional With regard to the simply working device according to the invention, the following special advantages are achieved:

~ 7 -109826/0100. ^{BAD 0R! GINÄL}

safety by continuously flushing the Zündkanäfes "" during normal operation of the combustion chamber and thus an absolute guarantee ~ that - ■ after an operation · - break of the combustion chamber - the path for the ignition by the ignition channel for the next ignition is free By. Inclusion of the flushing system and the pressure system (for actuating the piston of the cylinder / piston unit) in the fuel pressure system, the entire fluid circulation system of the rocket engine is simplified and concentrated from a functional point of view. The alternating switching of the (open) flushing circuit and the (open) ignition circuit is effected by a single component, namely a magnetically actuated two-way switch valve, which enables an exact dosage of the required amount of ignition agent. In addition, the ignition channel is blocked by the flushing agent (fuel) during operation of the combustion chamber from accumulations of the other propellant component, in this case fa ll of oxygen, or of combustion products, such as water vapor in the combustion of hydrogen and oxygen, so that when the ignition agent passes through on the occasion of a new start process, after the combustion chamber has previously been shut down, any risk of explosion within the ZÜridkanales is avoided with absolute certainty. On the other hand, the ignition circuit that occurs during normal operation is provided

- 8 · - -,. ■■■■

constant flow of detergent in the form of a relatively small amount of fuel does not reduce performance Load for the combustion chamber process.

The drawing is based on an exemplary embodiment the device according to the invention "for" allocating the ignition means for combustion chambers of liquid rocket engines with part of the combustion chamber and the fuel ^ systems illustrated,,

As can be seen from the drawing, the device essentially consists of a cylinder-piston unit 1 with a cylinder 2 and a displacement piston J5 # ^which divides the cylinder space into a pressure chamber 4 and an ignition medium storage chamber 5, the volume of which is suitable for several injections (ignitions ) dimensioned 1st. The pressure chamber 4 is closed to the outside by a connection piece 6 with a bore 7 * which is sealed off from the cylinder 2 by a wire ring 8 and fixed in both axial directions by a spring ring 9 and a shoulder 2a. The pressure chamber 4 is connected via the bore 7 of the connector to the high pressure system of a propellant component, in the example with the high pressure fuel system or with a fuel pressure line 10, which consists of a pressurized fuel container 11 or by means of

BAD QRlGJiMAL

108826/0100 - -9-

a FÖrd§r, puim3e is fed. The Zündmittelvorrafes - ;. ΐ: space 5 # which is closed on the one hand by the yerdrängerkoiben ^ a ^b S ^e , is on the other hand limited by a Versohlußkqpf 12, in which an ignition agent outlet hole 13 with an opening 13a is provided.

A housing 14 forms a further main part of the device. 8 consists of a central housing part 15 with a radially inwardly directed end wall 15a and a radially outwardly extending end wall 15b and a cylindrical extension 16 _# which is used to accommodate the valve body 17 of a solenoid valve IS, the winding 19 of which is in a hood 20 -.- is housed with bottom 21. Djer movable valve body 17 has on its to the cylinder-rKolbeneinheit 1-facing end face of a first to Mtlnduns 1 ^ a of Zündmitteiausgmigsbqhrung J% steering "Ventiiflgohe 22 which wirct formed by a n beiTestigt" in the valve body 17 öiehtungsk8rpef 22a. The blue valve surface is formed by a valve ring in the following valve ring 22, which sits on the end of the valve body 17 facing the 2-cylinder piston unit and is supported on an annular collar 24 located there within the scope of the invention

10Θ826 / 01Θ0

-10-BAt) Q

- ίο -

or the subject of the application is referred to as a two-way Ums ehalt valve. The second valve surface or the Dfchtfing 23 controls a detergent circuit 25, the design and course of which will be discussed in more detail below: At the outer end of the extension 'eats a closure piece 26 on which a valve spring 27 is supported, which on the other hand, the valve body 17 in the direction of closing the mouth 13a of the ignition means outlet bore 13. Vertchlußsttick 26 and V ^ ntilkörper 17 enclose a spring installation space 28, dtr together with a Ütngebbohrung 29 penetrating the Versöhlußstück 26, with transverse bores JO and with an annular gap 51 _t which is provided between the inside of the extension 16 and the ÄuBeridurohraesser of the valve body 17, a Part "of the route of the flushing agent circuit forms, which is designated from the fuel tank 11 to the valve ring with 25a" and from this to an ignition channel 32 including this) old 25b. The firing channel 32 ver * 'Ifcuft tu Kopf 35 elaar Brermkaaeuer 3h and opens into the Tniienraum * 3 # a thereof. Injection bores 35 for a propellant component, in the example for oxygen, and further injection openings 36 for the second propellant component, namely, open into the latter, arranged in the combustion chamber head 33 and lying on a pitch circle

109826/0100 bad orsginal

Fuel which is fed to the combustion chamber head 33 via a line 10. In the present case, fuel is used as the flushing medium and the flushing agent circuit 25 is therefore connected to the high-pressure fuel system or to the high-pressure fuel line 10. Between the closure head 12 and the valve body 17 there is a Ventilumsehalt space 37 into which both the ignition means outlet bore IjS and the annular gap 3 ¹ opens, both of which are controlled alternately by the two-way Umsehaltventil. A connector 38 is attached to the housing part 15, to which a line part leading to the ignition channel 32 or which can be directly connected to the ignition channel 32.

The solenoid of the two-way switching valve is controlled by an electrical circuit 39 old a power source 40 and an on-look switch 41.

The combustion chamber 34 is made with the aid of the device according to the invention put into operation or ignited on the following catfish

The propellant component is first in the Brennkaaeer 34 injected, in the present case oxygen, which is mixed with the ignition agent used, for example Aluminum TrlKthyl, hypergolic reacts. Then, by pressing the switch 41, the circuit 39 is closed and the solenoid is energized

BATHROOM ^

109826/0100

set, whereby the valve body 17 is attracted against the resistance of the valve spring 27. The orifice IjJa of the ignition agent outlet bore 12 is opened and at the same time the annular gap Jl is closed by the sealing ring 22, so that the flushing agent circuit is interrupted. As a result of the opening of the outlet bore 13, a certain amount of ignition agent is conveyed through the ignition channel 22 into the combustion chamber J> K in accordance with a predetermined time cross-section and reacts there hypergolically with the oxygen that is already present. After the flame has formed, the Brennkaiti & ier Jk is fully operated by injecting fuel and at the same time the ignition medium supply is turned off, which is done by interrupting the circuit 29 with the aid of the switch 41, the valve body 17 being moved to the right by the valve spring 27 and the valve surface 22 on the Muzzle IjSa of the output bore 12 is pressed. At the same time, the detergent circuit 25 is released by opening the annular gap 21. A certain amount of flushing fuel flows through the ignition duct 22 in a cleaning manner and protects it from coking and oxygen build-up during operation of the combustion chamber $ k,

Ea is well within the scope of the invention, instead of the Cylinder piston element I one through an elastic membrane subdivided cylinder or other chamber to accommodate the Zündmlttelvorrats and the pressure chamber 4 to use.

. Patent claims:

109826/0100 bath

Claims (8)

Patent claimί 1. Device for allocating an ignition agent for combustion chambers of liquid rocket engines, which is injected into the combustion chamber through an ignition channel ο, the like. Device and reacts hypergolically with one of the two known, designed as a cylinder-piston unit (1), the piston (j5) of which the cylinder space in a pressure chamber (4) acted upon by a working medium and in an ignition agent storage space (5) containing a volume for several injections (ignitions) with an ignition agent outlet hole ( 13) is divided, and that "a two-way reversing valve (I7, 22, 2 ^) is provided, which in its one position during normal operation of the combustion chamber"'(3 ^) & 3 * ^e ZÜndraittelausgangsbohruns (Ij) locks and at the same time a flushing gas flowing through the ignition channel (JgJ opens and - in sGin ©? The hole (1>) is released and the flushing circuit (25) is blocked at the same time. 10-082870100 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized denotes Ge, ^daft: οδΑ: SpÜlkreisl to (25) and the pressure chamber (4) of the cylinder Kolbeneinheit- (1) are connected to the high-pressure system not hypergolic reacting with the used firing means Treibraittelkomponente. 3- device according to claim 2, characterized geke nn -. * that when using a fuel ^{8 which} does not react hypergolically with the fuel 8, the flushing circuit (25) and, as known per se, the pressure chamber (4) of the cylinder-piston unit (1) & m high-pressure fuel system or on a Fuel pressure line (10) are connected. 4. Device according to claim 1 to ^ * characterized in that at the front end of the cylinder (S) of the cylinder Kolbeyieunheit- (1) a Gehäie® (14) & Qfa% gl @ iah ang®ördnet _Ä in particular. Detachably attached let, at the end facing away from the loader piston unit (1) has a cylindrical extension (16), which is used in conjunction with the aforementioned housing (Γ4) for the arrangement and installation of the two-way switch valve. · BATH 10882-6 / 0-100 .. "" - - 5 »Device according to claims 1 to 4, thereby k β η as e. 1 eh η et - " that the iSiieiwege ^ timsohalt'-vehtil * 1" solenoid valve ζΙ &) is formed, the 'movable valve body (IT) on its front side pointing to the ZflSnaer- Koibeßeijüieit (1) a first, the Ztodi ^ ttelausgangsbohrung (15 ) controlling valve surface (22), which is formed by a sealing body (22a) inserted into the valve body (I7), and has a second valve surface which controls the flushing circuit (25) and which is formed by a sealing ring or valve ring (25) , which sits on the oath of the valve body (I7) pointing towards the cylinder piston unit (1) and is supported on an annular collar (24) provided there. 6 * device NMCH Anspruah 'i to 5 »characterized ge ke η η ζ e 1 c hn et that the SehMuee (14) one by its two end sides stepped central casing * - part with a located on the valve side radijal according to (15) inside directed end wall ■ (IJa ^ / ürid'-elrier-'aylin ^ 'of the piston-side located radially outwardly extending end wall (15b), the Äie between the edge of the ZtindfflittelftusgangsbohruEg (I5) and the valve body (IT) surrounds and encloses the valve changeover duct (37) valve-side end wall (15a) forms the seat for the elte valve surface of the valve body or the valve ring "(2 * 5),." ...- _ ". ■ ■ - " - ■ '■' ■ [■■. - . toseae / oioo 7 · The apparatus of claim 1 to 6, characterized in _t that there is provided the housing (14) and the peripheral surface of the valve body (17) of the solenoid valve (18) an annular gap (^ l) between the inside of the cylindrical extension (16) '' Rinsing medium at the front. is flowed through. 8 .. Device according to claim 1 to 7, characterized in that g e * k e η η ζ e i c h η e t that around «Sen cylindrical Port set (16) of the housing (14-) lying in a hood (20) with base (21) housed winding (19) the solenoid valve (18) or two-way switchover valve is arranged. 9. Device according to claims 1 to 7, characterized in that "the valve body (17) by opening the ignition device in the closing direction (! j) acting spring (27) is loaded, whose outwardly pointing end is supported on a locking piece (26) ^ the housing with the extension (16) (14) is firmly connected and has a longitudinal bore (29) for the flow of the rinsing agent, which in a Spring installation space (28) opens, from which to the annular gap (j51) ■ Guide cross bores (j50). ORiGlJSJAL 109826/0100