DE1239794B - Coating agent containing aluminum pigments in the form of an aqueous dispersion - Google Patents

Description

FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY

GERMAN

PATENT OFFICE

EDITORIAL

Int. Cl .:

C09d

C Q 9 O 5/34

German class: 22 g -10/01 λΛ> $%, O

Number: 1 239 794

File number: A 29476IV c / 22 g

Filing date: May 12, 1958

Open date: May 3, 1967

The invention relates to an aluminum pigment Coating agent in the form of an aqueous dispersion with one dispersed in water Film former, a hydrocarbon solvent, and a mixture that includes solvents and water holds in an oil-in-water emulsion.

When aluminum pigments are incorporated into coating agents, they take the form of an aqueous dispersion in general on difficulties, since the means of use hitherto considered necessary for the dispersion of the metal pigment in the aqueous vehicle deteriorate the moisture resistance of the film formed. This gave a coating whose resistance to moisture and rough Treatment and its appearance is unsatisfactory in some cases.

Metallic aluminum pigments are generally made in paste form; H. as a paste that an intimate mixture of the metal powder or pigment itself with a hydrocarbon solvent, for example White spirit, solvent naphtha, turpentine or the like. In most cases so-called flake-forming pigments by grinding the aluminum powder in the presence of a fatty acid, such as stearic acid, so that they are obtained tene pigment paste also includes the fatty acid, usually or principally as a coating on the individual Contains metal particles or flakes.

Serious problems arise, however, when metallic pigments are mixed in the manner of aqueous dispersions to be processed, especially if the pigment is in an effective manner as in the Paste form is the case to be dispersed in the aqueous medium. It is not only important here to avoid the use of agents that affect the moisture resistance of the applied Reduce coating, but also the essentially aqueous character of the coating mixture so that they have the desirable properties of such material. This means that an important feature of these water-based coating mixtures, independently whether they are used as paints or for other coating purposes is that they can be diluted with water and that cleaning brushes, rollers and other for that Applying used equipment is carried out with water or aqueous solutions of simple detergents can be.

It is the object of the invention to provide a coating composition containing aluminum pigments in the form of an aqueous dispersion with a coating composition containing aluminum pigment dispersed in water
In the form of an aqueous dispersion

Applicant:

Aluminum Laboratories Limited, Montreal

(Canada)

Representative:

Dr.-Ing. E. Hoffmann, patent attorney,

Munich 8, Maria-Theresia-Str. 6th

Named as inventor:

Stanton Evan Jack, Kingston. Ontario (Canada)

To create formers of the type described, from which coatings with the properties described, namely excellent resistance to water and rough treatment and a beautiful surface finish, are obtained. According to the invention, this object is achieved with a coating agent, which is characterized in that the solvent and water in an oil-in-water emulsion containing mixture (A) an oil-soluble, surface-active agent with a water solubility of not more than about 2% , which consists of a heterocyclic tertiary nitrogen compound with a ring attached to. one site has at least one tertiary nitrogen atom and at other sites contains a plurality of substituents, one of which is formed by an alkyl or alkenyl group having 12 to 22 carbon atoms and wherein at least one of the other substituents on the ring is formed by a polar group, while the remaining substituents are either hydrogen or alkyl groups with 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and that this mixture has such a surface tension that, in the case of yeast stains, a 0.1% solution in white spirit has a surface tension of not more than 12 dynes Water gives (B) a volatile solubilizer

709 578/331

3 4

Contains that with both water and a zen, vinyl acetate resins and alkyd resins. It can

Hydrocarbon solvent is miscible, and (C) of course I also other substances, pigments or dyes

contains an auxiliary emulsifier, which is incorporated from a salt of a substance, if appropriate

Fatty acids with] 4 to 22 carbon atoms with a shaft are desired,

volatile base derived from ammonium. 5 According to the invention, aluminum pigment containing

By the joint action of the essentially term mixtures are produced among many

water-insoluble surfactant (A), the conditions of use ensure good flaking

Solubilizer (B) and the described auxiliary giving in, contradicting? to the lack of dandruff

emulsifying agent (C) has been found to be an effective disper- at least in some previous attempts at aluminum

alloying of aluminum powder in a coating ionium pigments in coating agents in the form of an aqueous

Mixture achieved which to use an aqueous emulsion or dispersion. Under the designation

Another dispersion of a water-insoluble film- formation of flaking when applied

bildners represents. The mass obtained contains what- coating jist to understand that the individual flake-

as a closed phase, in which both the film-like particles of the aluminum metal

Formers as well as the aluminum powder have to slide evenly towards or near the outer surface

are spergiert or suspended, just like the org- des FiIm ^ to rise so that they in this area

nischc liquid, e.g. B. white spirit or another lie essentially flat and there with each other

Hydrocarbon solvents, the latter as flaking and the finished coating as an im

Oil-in-water emulsion is present and the part - essentially uninterrupted shiny metal surface

Chen of the metal powder presumably through the dispersible 20 appears.

Yielded particles or droplets of the oil phase if %. B. the mixtures according to the following

will be. given example 2 on absorbent surfaces, such as

The coating compositions according to the invention in the form of wood or paper can be applied

an oil-in-water emulsion allow the manufacture to achieve good flaking and gloss. For one

development of an effectively adhering aluminum pigment - effective flake formation in the case of coatings on non-

overriding. absorbent surfaces (to which many metal surfaces

The emulsion breaks when it dries, it may appear that it is after being first in a water-in-oil emulsion, it is preferable that most or all of it is reversed. In any event, the mixture results in resin binders; H. the film maker from the oil inc firmly adhering, very durable coating of the 30 phase, dbr incorporated in oil-water emulsion Metal flakes. If the type of mixture and the will, the'for the dispersion of the aluminum pigment Circumstances of use are such that the aluminum has been formed rather than that agent in one minium dandruff can form, if latex coniponenle is formed as in the case of the previously desired, also a satisfactory non-flaky example. Under these conditions and before be achieved. 35 preferably also with somewhat larger proportions of AI

The dried coating is not a water-eminium pigment, a satisfactory flake-finding was found, since in it no water-soluble or remnants remain in it on metal or other non-absorbent substances, which achieve the durability of the coatings applied to the surface.
The usual paste form of an aluminum pigment. The surface-active agent (A) is practically a mixture of the metal powder with white spirit is water-insoluble, and the solubilizer (B) or a similar hydrocarbon solvent volatilizes during the Auxiliary emulsifying agent of the type identified below. For example (C), since it is a soap of a volatile base, an aluminum pigment paste of the usual type contains between 65 and 80% aluminum flake powder and is converted into an essentially insoluble fatty acid. The last-mentioned agent is expediently between 20 and 35% white spirit, the pro being reduced slightly by the addition of ammonia, ie the percentage of ammonia of the latter, nium'hydroxyd, to react with the stearic acid in order, if necessary, to make a fatty acid content possible other fatty acid incorporated, the at least lent, S ^> contain the pastes usually referred to as flaky pigments already forming in the metallic pigment paste, which can be present so that a fatty acid salt of the 50 milling of the aluminum powder in the presence of an ammonia, e.g. B. ammonium stearate is obtained, selected fatty acid, for example from stearin, it should be mentioned that an equivalent acid is also produced, usually between ί and ammonium-containing substance, such as ammonium derivatives, 4% of the last-mentioned component,
can be used. The finished coating mixture Another component of the coating dispersion therefore contains an ammonium soap, but 55 is a volatile hydrocarbon solvent. The drying of the mixture after the application of the ammonium component appears to be removed by the fact that the new solvents of the type mentioned do not pass the previously mentioned soap through the volatilization of the ammotic requirements, but rather a niac or equivalent constituent, so that a choice among many known liquid solvents remains the practically water-insoluble fatty acid. The point to be made is that with regard to toxicity, the film former can be a synthetic or natural cost and the appropriate production of a resin or similar material, which must be taken into account in the form of a special coating mixture. Suspension or emulsion dispersible in water Currently, the use of coal tar is and after application to a surface a solvent naphtha, for example according to the contiguous film or coating according to the 65 US Military Specification MIL-N-15178A, before evaporation of the water forms thereon. admitted. Other usable hydrocarbon solutions

Examples of binder dispersions are aqueous agents are white spirit (also known as

Dispersions of rubber, styrene-butadiene-hard petroleum benzine known), turpentine benzine, toluene

(ζ. B. technical toluene, as it is used in paints and varnishes), xylene (technical Xylene, called solvent naphtha, like it. i.n paints and varnishes), aliphatic petroleum naphtha, aromatic petroleum naphtha and other types of xylene. In some cases, the hydrocarbon solvent may be dissolved in it Resin material, e.g. B. an extender or an auxiliary binder, or it can be the only one im aqueous medium by emulsifying the oil (hydrocarbon) base to be dispersed film formers be. In all cases the solvent serves as a diluent or extender so that it gives the metal paste greater flowability and of course the oil phase of the desired oil-in-water emulsion forms.

oil-soluble surfactants (A) im The type required within the scope of the invention are the heterocyclic tertiary nitrogen compounds an alkyl or alkenyl substituent having 12 to 22 carbon atoms on the ring, which further includes at least have a polar group as additional substituents on the ring, "with the remaining substitution sites by hydrogen or by alkyl groups of low molecular weight having 1 to 5 carbon atoms be taken. Examples of a suitable polar group are an amino group or an oxyalkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms. A connection of the kind mentioned is therefore one Compound with a heterocyclic tertiary nitrogen ring, with the relevant main substituents are the long chain group and the polar group and the first group is the desired one Oil solubility mediates, the second group, however, the water tolerance, which is characterized by a low Expresses interfacial tension of the oil solution with water, while avoiding a stronger water solubility is. Under the solubility in oil is the solubility in hydrocarbon solvents, e.g. B. the kind mentioned herein.

Compounds of the classes identified above are known and can be prepared by processes known per se. For example, suitable agents of the oxazoline class can be prepared by reacting a suitable amino oxy compound with a suitable fatty acid in approximately equimolecular proportions, e.g. B. in that a B-amino alcohol is reacted with a fatty acid, ie a fatty acid in which the alkyl or alkenyl chain represents the desired substituent R ₁ . So z. B. a substance designated as Alkaterge C ^ -OleyM-methyM-hydroxymethyl-5-ethyI-2-oxyzoline) can be derived by reacting oleic acid with 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-pentanediol.

It has been found that these substances are very effective and economical for their intended purposes because they cause the dispersion of aluminum pigment in coating mixtures on an aqueous basis. A special feature of the invention is therefore the use of heterocyclic tertiary nitrogen compounds of the type mentioned in an amount of about 2 to about 25 percent by weight, based on the weight of the aluminum present in the aluminum pigment for interaction with the other components for the production of the desired coating mixtures.

Some examples of suitable surfactants are given below. Example of a water-insoluble Oxyzoliris is 2- = oleyl-4-methyl-4-hydroxymethyl-5-ethyl-2-oxazoline. Tests have shown that the interfacial tension of 0.1 "/ own Solution in white spirit versus water was 8.5 dynes. The structural formula of this compound should be as follows' be:

. CH ₂ OH

"M P

- CH

- C -

Another component is the solubilizer (B), which is miscible in both water and oil is. Such solubilizers are known in emulsion technology and are distinguished by them

ao mutual solubility in the water and oil phases of the emulsion. This includes organic liquids from the class of alcohols, glycols, glycol ethers and glycol dieters, where appropriate a means is chosen that distilled below 200 ° C at 760 mm pressure and a vapor pressure of 0.01 mm or has more at 20 ° C. Among those used in connection with the class referred to above The expression "alcohol" is to be understood as a monohydric alcohol, so that when referring to alcohols and glycols are meant monohydric and dihydric alcohols. A currently preferred solubilizer is ethylene glycol monobutyl ether. as highly volatile substance can be used, for example, isopropyl alcohol, which has a boiling point of 80.4 ° C and a vapor pressure of 40 mm at 20 ° C. One agent of low volatility is hexylene glycol with a boiling point of 197.1 ° C and a vapor pressure of 0.02 mm at 20 ° C. More satisfactory Means are diethylene glycol monophyl ether, diethylene glycol dietyl ether, diacetone alcohol and tertiary butyl alcohol, which are all liquids that are used in drying an applied coating evaporate the mixture according to the invention. In general, it should be useful to find the solution broker in amounts of about 5 to about 15%, based on the total water content of the finished products Coating mixtures, if there are any signs that stability is impaired if less than 5% are used, while amounts significantly above 15 ° / o are used Quantities affect the dispersion of the film former.

Optionally, the solubilizer can be incorporated into the diluted paste, whereby a more complete preparation is obtained, so that only the smallest possible number of separate components by the coating manufacturer or user in the manufacture of the finished mass or mixture needs to be added.

As mentioned, the ammonium-containing substance in the mixture of the finished coating mass is important and exists its function in the formation of a volatile base soap with the fatty acid or fatty acids, ' which are contained in the metallic paste and incorporated, for example, when it is ground have been. Fatty acids are used as lubricants in grinding. Certain fatty acids as is well known, when they are married

form a coating on the metal particles, helping to cause flaking. If that Metal powder or metal paste is free from fatty acids, must be used when preparing the mixtures a fatty acid are added to the invention, which is preferably done in that the fatty acid is added to the metal powder or metal paste before the final mixing with the in Water-dispersed coating resin preparation or the like. Takes place. Indeed, it appears in some, at least In some cases it is advantageous to add more fatty acids to the metal paste that already have a certain Contains proportion of fatty acid. For the production of the soap a volatile base in support of the Emulsification or dispersion according to the invention are suitable fatty acids, either incorporated or added, alkyl and alkenyl fatty acids with between 14 to 22 carbon atoms in the alkyl or alkenyl chain. For example, the following can be used: Stearic acid, which is currently used to a very large extent in the manufacture of aluminum pastes as well as substances such as oleic acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, behenic acid, palmitic acid and ricinoleic acid. The total fatty acid content in the mass is expediently between about 1 to about 10 percent by weight, based on the weight of the aluminum metal present in the aluminum pigment used. The ammonium-containing substance can in its simplest form, e.g. B. as ammonia, d. H. be used as ammonium hydroxide or as an ammonium derivative, which is water-soluble and according to the Formation of the salt of the fatty acid evaporates, so that fatty acid is again available. Instead of ammonia as such, ammonium derivatives having the specified properties can be used, being one with consideration of the cost and the absence of undesirable odor or toxic effect, a particularly suitable substance is morpholine. In general, the ammonium-containing Substance must be such and added in such a quantity that a pH value of at least about 9 is obtained in the finished mass, since it appears that such a pH value or a higher pH is generally necessary to allow the soap to form. As mentioned, the effect of the incorporation of ammonia is that the emulsification (presumably by the Formation of the mentioned water-soluble soap or the mentioned water-soluble salt) is promoted. After applying a coating and drying it, the ammonia evaporates or the morpholine, so that the fatty acid returns to its original relatively insoluble state.

The incorporation of metal pigment in coating mixtures dispersed in water can be expedient be carried out with a sequence of process steps, for example from an aluminum pigment paste of the type described above can be assumed. Such a paste can consist of aluminum particles coated with steroid acid and mixed with white spirit. The process can be started with the preparation of a modified paste, i. i.e., the paste will by mixing with a suitable surfactant, and preferably above all with one modified other hydrocarbon solvents. The surfactant should be oil-soluble and in Practically insoluble in water, d. H. a water solubility of no more than about 2%, but some Have water compatibility, such that a dilute solution in white spirit od. The like. A low Has surface tension compared to water. The additional hydrocarbon solvent serves to extend or reduce the pigment paste or, in general terms, to dilute it, so that it becomes thinner and more easily combined with the water dispersion mixture and in more effectively forming an emulsion for suspending the metal particles in or with the dispersed oil (hydrocarbon solvent) droplets occur.

The final step in the process is to mix the diluted paste with that in water dispersed coating resin or some other means. If the solubilizer isn't already is incorporated, it is added at this point. Dec film maker himself will be in the usual Wise added as an emulsion and mixed with a diluted paste, preferably after something extra Water to the latter as well as the solubilizer have been added. The ammonium-containing Substance is also incorporated, conveniently by adding to the aqueous carrier, in the above case z. B. to the film former emulsion before the carrier is combined with the diluted paste. The finished mixture is stirred thoroughly or otherwise mechanically treated to ensure uniformity Combination and effective emulsification of the oil content to achieve. The result is an aluminum powder coating measure based on latex with an aqueous carrier or based on a Emulsion.!

A suitable amount of the solubilizer consists, for example, of 5 parts by weight of the solubilizer to 1 part by weight of the water-insoluble surfactant, while a suitable one Total amount of hydrocarbon solvent (including that in the original aluminum paste amount present) is about 2 parts by weight to 1 part by weight of metal (aluminum) in the paste. These proportions can be changed to suit the respective requirements.

The following are examples of the manner in which the invention can be advantageously used Manner can be carried out, the specified parts are to be understood as parts by weight.

example 1

Production of the aluminum pigment mass: A flake-forming aluminum pigment paste was used used, which is produced in the manner described above by grinding with stearic acid and consists of 68% aluminum, 2% stearic acid and 30% white spirit. 100 parts of this aluminum paste became thorough with 10 parts by weight of 2-OleyI-4,4-dihydroxymethyl-2-o) cazoline mixed. The modified paste obtained is used to make the coating mixes according to; of the invention and is used in the following examples as »undiluted Paste «. Of course, other surfactants can also be used with the foregoing properties described instead of the mentioned substituted oxazoline for the production of undiluted Paste can be used.

Example 2 xylene), 150 parts of air paint (US Federal Specification

^y TT-V-119) and 120 parts of coal tar solvent

For this example, a normal aluminum naphtha.

The aqueous carrier in this case consisted only of 80% aluminum flakes, 1.5% stearic acid 5 borrowed from 5 parts NH ₄ OH (28% solution), 700 parts and 28.5% white spirit. First, a len water and 75 parts of ethylene glycol monobutyl preliminary, modified, but essentially non-ethereal (as a solubilizer), the finished over-diluted paste was produced, which was obtained from a mixture of tensile mass by removing the 780 parts of 45 parts of the above paste, 5 Parts of 2-oleyl-4,4-di- the aqueous carrier with the aforementioned 730 parts hydroxymethyl-2-oxazoline, 5 parts of coal tar sols of the diluted paste consisted of sufficiently thoroughly geventnaphtha and 0.25 parts of stearic acid. mixed to get the desired emulsion then made a dilute paste by behavior. In the manufacture of the product, therefore, mixing 125 parts of the film former described above, which is contained in the resin solution and undiluted paste in the air layer, with 2 parts of stearic acid varnish, is dissolved in the hydrocarbon solvent and 100 parts of coal tar solvent naphtha or taken up by this, so represents. that in this example the aqueous dispersion of the

In addition, a dispersion was prepared, the material mentioned according to the invention (for up-

5 parts of the polyacrylate solution, 3 parts of the 28% would take the aluminum pigment) produced oil-in

Ammonium hydroxide solution, 400 parts water, water emulsion is. This mass showed a good one

50 parts of hexylene glycol and 160 parts of acrylic acid ao flaking (and correspondingly high gloss)

ester emulsion contained. A suitable combination of aluminum when applied to non-absorbent

application of the diluted paste with the polymerizatdirende metal surfaces as well as on absorbent surfaces,

As mentioned, the method and the

Achieve mass, which constitutes an oil-in-water emulsion masses according to the invention for the incorporation of

presented, in which the aluminum powder is effectively dispersed as aluminum pigments with a wide variety of

was greedy. Film formers based on aqueous dispersion.

There have been attempts using one of the following examples of such means are therefore: a sty-

general similar material (using rol butadiene resin latex, a polyvinyl acetate latex and a

the same aluminum paste), but emulsifiable alkyd resin.

omitting the surfactants to 30 for all of the desired coating mixes Oxazoline base, at the same time the amount according to the invention comprises the final composition an oleic stearic acid this was increased to 12 parts of the in-water emulsion. When adding the aqueous the latter met 90 parts of paste. In the finished carrier (which, as in some of the examples, is a latex Mixture could not be an emulsion at all with which) to dilute paste in small part-dispersion carrier be achieved. With a similar amount, a water-in-oil emulsion can be used first The experiment would form most of the added, but this changes with further addition of stearic acid replaced by oleic acid (e.g. 2 parts put the carrier in the desired type of emulsion Stearic acid and 10 parts of oleic acid to 90 parts of paste). around.

The finished mixture resulted with the polymerizatdi- When applying the coating mixture as an

spersion a water-in-oil emulsion, but not coated or otherwise on a substrate

the desired oil-in-water emulsion. From this the water evaporates or becomes in the pores of a

The last-mentioned experiment is based on the fact that in the erporous layer carrier, for example wood or paper

Set the water-insoluble, surface-active Mitaper, sucked in. This reduction in water

mainly due to oleic acid the desired content has a concentration of emulsion suspents Results cannot be obtained, although · 45 sion to a point at which this entails

a stronger emulsifying effect than when replacing breaks, probably because this breaks first

of the surfactant is converted into a water-in-oil emulsion by stearic acid. Min-

is enough. In both of the aforementioned attempts, at least in some cases, it appears that

(Omission of the surfactant) the organic solvents were then also released

the amount of ammonia increased somewhat, so that it also affects the resin parts in the store.

measured formation of an ammonium soap with the grö- tex (or other film formers) act, which

Ensure larger amounts of fatty acid, however, as evidently the surface layers of these particles

already mentioned, the desired emulsion could swell and be dissolved so that it adheres firmly to one another.

cannot be achieved. other and on the aluminum flake particles in excess

. 55 adhere to the train. In all cases they eventually evaporate

Example 3 ^ _{otal as} g t _e water and the organic solvent

In this example, the aqueous dispersion was medium, with the ammonium stearate or the

of the film former directly through the pigment-equivalent soap of a volatile base, as it is through

A dispersing emulsion of the oil phase is formed, which converts the ammonium-containing substance (e.g.

serves as a carrier for the film former. 60 ammonium hydroxide) with stearic acid or the

First, the same preliminary, modified, other fatty acid present was ammonia decomposed to liberate aluminum pigment paste as indicated in Example 2 so that the fatty acid remained in a ben, practically insoluble state using 2-oleyl-4,4-dihydroxy.
methyl-2-oxazoline as a surface-active agent. The finished, dry coatings are much less made. Then a diluted paste was made with fol- 65 stainable parts by weight equal to the known oleoresin-aluminum: 300 parts of the paints. The coatings have a highly modified paste, 5 parts of oleic acid, 150 parts of an excellent resistance to rough treatment we solution of an alicyclic ketone resin, (50% in terms of the adhesive effect, which the resin particles

Claims (6)

or the like (which in some cases can apparently be described as solvated in the manner explained above) for the metal flakes. s patent claims: 1. Aluminum pigment-containing coating agent in the form of an aqueous dispersion with an in Water dispersed film former, a volatile hydrocarbon solvent and a Mixture that keeps solvent and water in an oil-in-water emulsion, characterized in that that this mixture (A) an oil-soluble, surface-active agent with a Water solubility of not more than about 2%; which from a heterocyclic tertiary A nitrogen compound with a ring that has at least one tertiary nitrogen atom at one point and in other places contains a large number of substituents, VQn which one is formed by an alkyl or alkylene group having 12 to 22 carbon atoms and wherever at least one of the other substituents on the ring is formed by a polar group, while the remaining substituents are either hydrogen or alkyl groups having 1 to 5 carbon atoms are, and that this mixture has such a surface tension that When preparing a 0.1% solution in white spirit, an interfacial tension of not results in more than 23 dynes / cm compared to water, (B) a volatile solubilizer which so- " arguably miscible with water as well as a hydrocarbon solvent, and (C) a Contains auxiliary emulsifier, which consists of a salt of a fatty acid with 14 to 22 carbon atoms a volatile base derived from ammonium. 2. Coating agent according to claim 1, characterized in that the miscible with both water and hydrocarbon solvents solution $ agent (B) has a boiling point below 200 ⁰ C at a pressure of 760 mm Hg and ejnen vapor pressure of at least 0.01 mm Hg Column at 20 ° C. 3. Coating agent according to Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the surface-active Agent (A) is an essentially water-insoluble oxazoline. 4. Coating agent according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the aluminum pigment is a stearic acid-bearing, flake-forming pigment. 5. Coating agent according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the miscible Solubilizer (B) is a monohydric alcohol, glycol, glycol ether or glycol diether and that the auxiliary emulsifier (C) has such a pH value that is sufficient for the coating agent To convey a pH value in the alkaline range of at least 9. 6. Coating agent according to one of claims 1 to S, characterized in that the solubilizer (B) is ethylene glycol monobutyl ether and that the auxiliary emulsifier (C) is made from stearic acid and an ammonium-containing compound. Considered publications:
German j patent specifications No. 832466, 843125. 709 578/331 4.67 © Bundesdruckerei Berlin