DE1235441B - Electron beam generation system with a control electrode for high-performance runtime tubes - Google Patents
Electron beam generation system with a control electrode for high-performance runtime tubesInfo
- Publication number
- DE1235441B DE1235441B DEV11987A DEV0011987A DE1235441B DE 1235441 B DE1235441 B DE 1235441B DE V11987 A DEV11987 A DE V11987A DE V0011987 A DEV0011987 A DE V0011987A DE 1235441 B DE1235441 B DE 1235441B
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- cathode
- electrode
- control electrode
- acceleration
- potential
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
- H03K3/78—Generating a single train of pulses having a predetermined pattern, e.g. a predetermined number
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
- H01J23/02—Electrodes; Magnetic control means; Screens
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
- H01J23/02—Electrodes; Magnetic control means; Screens
- H01J23/04—Cathodes
- H01J23/05—Cathodes having a cylindrical emissive surface, e.g. cathodes for magnetrons
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
- H01J23/02—Electrodes; Magnetic control means; Screens
- H01J23/06—Electron or ion guns
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
- H01J23/02—Electrodes; Magnetic control means; Screens
- H01J23/06—Electron or ion guns
- H01J23/07—Electron or ion guns producing a hollow cylindrical beam
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J3/00—Details of electron-optical or ion-optical arrangements or of ion traps common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J3/02—Electron guns
- H01J3/029—Schematic arrangements for beam forming
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/16—Auxiliary devices for mode selection, e.g. mode suppression or mode promotion; for mode conversion
- H01P1/162—Auxiliary devices for mode selection, e.g. mode suppression or mode promotion; for mode conversion absorbing spurious or unwanted modes of propagation
Landscapes
- Particle Accelerators (AREA)
- Microwave Tubes (AREA)
- Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Electron Sources, Ion Sources (AREA)
Description
DEUTSCHES WrBWs PATENTAMTGERMAN WrBWs PATENT OFFICE
AUSLEGESCHRIFT DeutscheKl.: 21g-13/17EDITORIAL DEVELOPMENT DeutscheKl .: 21g-13/17
Nummer: 1 235 441Number: 1 235 441
Aktenzeichen: V11987IX d/21 gFile number: V11987IX d / 21 g
1 235441 Anmeldetag: 22. Februar 19571 235441 filing date: February 22, 1957
Auslegetag: 2. März 1967Open date: March 2, 1967
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Elektronenstrahlerzeugungssystem für Hochleistungslaufzeitröhren, insbesondere Hochleistungsklystrons, mit einer Steuerelektrode zur Steuerung der Strahlstromstärke.The invention relates to an electron gun for high performance time-of-flight tubes, in particular High-performance klystrons, with a control electrode to control the beam current.
Es sind bereits mit verhältnismäßig kleinen Leistungen und kleinen Stromdichten arbeitende Elektronenstrahlerzeugungssysteme, beispielsweise für Oszillographenröhren und Eropfangszwecken dienenden Klystronverstärkerröhren, bekannt, die aus einer die Elektronen emittierenden konkaven Kathode, einer die Kathode koaxial umschließenden, etwa auf Kathodenpotential gehaltenen zylindrischen Bündelungselektrode, deren strahlseitige Stirnfläche etwa in Höhe des Randes der Emissionsfläche der Kathode endet, einer (in Strahlrichtung gesehen) unmittelbar hinter der Bündelungselektrode und koaxial zur Kathode angeordneten Steuerelektrode zur Steuerung der Strahlstromstärke sowie schließlich aus einer nachfolgenden, in einigem Abstand von der Steuerelektrode angeordneten Beschleunigungselektrode mit zentraler Durchtrittsöffnung für den Elektronenstrahl bestehen.There are electron beam generating systems that work with relatively low powers and low current densities, For example, for oscilloscope tubes and Eropfangszwecken serving klystron amplifier tubes, known from a the electron-emitting concave cathode, one surrounding the cathode coaxially, for example Cylindrical bundling electrode held at cathode potential, the end face of which on the beam side approximately in The height of the edge of the emission surface of the cathode ends, one (seen in the direction of the beam) immediately control electrode arranged behind the bundling electrode and coaxially to the cathode for control purposes the beam current strength and finally from a subsequent one, at some distance from the control electrode arranged acceleration electrode with a central opening for the electron beam exist.
Die Erfindung betrifft die Anwendung eines derartigen Elektronenstrahlerzeugungssystems bei Hochleistungslaufzeitröhren, insbesondere Hochleistungsklystrons, und ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Steuerelektrode blendenförmig ausgebildet ist mit einer zentralen Durchtrittsöffnung für den Elektronenstrahl (Blendenöffnung), deren axiale Ausdehnung klein gegen den Öffnungsdurchmesser ist, und in bezug auf die Kathode auf etwa dem gleichen oder einem negativen Potential gehalten ist.The invention relates to the use of such an electron gun in high-performance runtime tubes, in particular high-performance klystrons, and is characterized in that the control electrode is designed in the form of a diaphragm a central passage opening for the electron beam (aperture opening), its axial extent is small compared to the opening diameter, and about the same with respect to the cathode or held at a negative potential.
Bei einer im Mikrowellengebiet arbeitenden Hochleistungslaufzeitröhre ergeben sich insofern besondere
elektronenoptische Verhältnisse, als die Elektronenergiebigkeitskonstante des Langmuirschen
Raumladungsgesetzes in der Größenordnung von 0,5 · 10-« A/V3'2 liegt und damit etwa IOOmal größer
ist als bei den eingangs erwähnten bekannten EIektronenstrahlerzeugungssystemen.
Es läßt sich daher ein für niedrige Ergiebigkeit gebautes Elektronen-Strahlerzeugungssystem
nicht einfach für eine Hochleistungslaufzeitröhre übernehmen. Insbesondere verbietet
sich bei Hochleistungslaufzeitröhren beispielsweise die Verwendung von den Strahlquerschnitt
durchsetzenden Gitterelektroden, da diese infolge der unvermeidlichen Elektronenabsorption der baldigen
Zerstörung anheimfallen würden. Auch hinsichtlich der Aufrechterhaltung der Fokussierung
ergeben sich bei einem Elektronenstrahlerzeugungssystem für eine Hochleistungslaufzeitröhre insofern
besondere Verhältnisse, als die sehr hohe Strahl-Mit einer Steuerelektrode versehenes
Elektronenstrahlerzeugungssystem für
HochleistungslaufzeitröhrenIn a high-performance transit time tube operating in the microwave range, there are special electron-optical conditions insofar as the electron energy constant of Langmuir's space charge law is in the order of magnitude of 0.5 · 10- «A / V 3 ' 2 and is thus about 100 times greater than in the known electron beam generating systems mentioned at the beginning . Therefore, an electron beam generating system built for low yield cannot simply be adopted for a high-performance time-of-flight tube. In particular, in the case of high-performance runtime tubes, for example, the use of grid electrodes penetrating the beam cross-section is prohibited, since these would soon be destroyed as a result of the inevitable electron absorption. With regard to maintaining the focus, there are also special conditions in an electron beam generating system for a high-performance transit time tube, such as the very high beam with a control electrode
Electron gun for
High performance runtime tubes
Anmelder:Applicant:
Varian Associates, Palo Alto, Calif. (V. St. A.)Varian Associates, Palo Alto, Calif. (V. St. A.)
Vertreter:Representative:
Dr. phil. G. B. Hagen, Patentanwalt,
München-Solln, Franz-Hals-Str. 21Dr. phil. GB Hagen, patent attorney,
Munich-Solln, Franz-Hals-Str. 21
Als Erfinder benannt:Named as inventor:
Louis Thomas Zitelli, Palo Alto, Calif. (V. St. A.)Louis Thomas Zitelli, Palo Alto, Calif. (V. St. A.)
zo Beanspruchte Priorität: zo Claimed priority:
V. St. v. Amerika vom 24. Februar 1956
(568 422)V. St. v. America February 24, 1956
(568 422)
stromdichte eine Raumladung bedingt, die das Bestreben hat, den Strahl in unerwünschter Weise aufzuweiten. Zudem ist die erfindungsgemäß angestrebte Betriebsweise derart, daß die Steuerelektrode in bezug auf die Kathode auf etwa dem gleichen oder einem negativen Potential gehalten ist.current density causes a space charge that tends to widen the beam in an undesirable manner. In addition, the desired mode of operation according to the invention is such that the control electrode in relation on the cathode is kept at approximately the same or a negative potential.
Das erfindungsgemäße Elektronenstrahlerzeugungssystem trägt den vorgenannten Gesichtspunkten
Rechnung und gestattet die Erzeugung eines hinsichtlich der Strahlstromstärke steuerbaren Elektronenstrahles
sehr hoher Stromdichte, wobei außer der Kathode, der Bündelungselektrode und der Beschleunigungselektrode insbesondere die Steuerelektrode
so ausgebildet und mit einem solchen Potential beaufschlagt ist, daß nur ein verschwindend kleiner
Teil der von der Kathode emittierten Elektronen durch das Elektronenstrahlerzeugungssystem selbst
abgefangen wird.
Eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform nach der Erfindung sieht dabei vor, daß die Emissionsfläche der
Kathode noch ganz erheblich größer ist als die größte Querschnittsfläche der zentralen Durchtrittsöffnung
der Beschleunigungselektrode und daß die Blendenöffnung der Steuerelektrode und/oder die
zylindrische Bündelungselektrode abgerundete Kanten besitzen/besitzt.The electron gun according to the invention takes the aforementioned aspects into account and allows the generation of an electron beam of very high current density which can be controlled with regard to the beam current intensity, whereby in addition to the cathode, the bundling electrode and the accelerating electrode, the control electrode in particular is designed and has such a potential that only one is infinitely smaller Part of the electrons emitted by the cathode is intercepted by the electron gun itself.
A preferred embodiment according to the invention provides that the emission area of the cathode is still considerably larger than the largest cross-sectional area of the central passage opening of the acceleration electrode and that the aperture opening of the control electrode and / or the cylindrical bundling electrode have rounded edges.
709 517/391709 517/391
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US568422A US2943234A (en) | 1956-02-24 | 1956-02-24 | Charged particle flow control apparatus |
US27151A US3210669A (en) | 1956-02-24 | 1960-05-05 | Charged particle flow control apparatus |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE1235441B true DE1235441B (en) | 1967-03-02 |
Family
ID=26702134
Family Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DEV11987A Pending DE1235441B (en) | 1956-02-24 | 1957-02-22 | Electron beam generation system with a control electrode for high-performance runtime tubes |
DEV19824A Pending DE1286647B (en) | 1956-02-24 | 1957-02-22 | Electron beam generation system for high-performance amplifier klystrons |
DES52897A Pending DE1109796B (en) | 1956-02-24 | 1957-03-27 | Electron beam generation system with focusing ring for transit time tubes |
Family Applications After (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DEV19824A Pending DE1286647B (en) | 1956-02-24 | 1957-02-22 | Electron beam generation system for high-performance amplifier klystrons |
DES52897A Pending DE1109796B (en) | 1956-02-24 | 1957-03-27 | Electron beam generation system with focusing ring for transit time tubes |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3210669A (en) |
DE (3) | DE1235441B (en) |
FR (1) | FR1170097A (en) |
GB (2) | GB586973A (en) |
NL (2) | NL214772A (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1077864B (en) * | 1953-01-14 | 1960-03-17 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Process for the production of synthetic rubber vulcanizates or regenerates |
FR2401508A1 (en) * | 1977-06-27 | 1979-03-23 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | ELECTRON INJECTOR FOR HYPERFREQUENCY GENERATOR |
US4629937A (en) * | 1984-02-02 | 1986-12-16 | California Institute Of Technology | Compact electron gun for emitting high current short duration pulses |
DE4032412A1 (en) * | 1990-10-12 | 1992-04-16 | Licentia Gmbh | Travelling wave tube - has reduction in voltage provided by centrally located electrode pin |
RU2446505C1 (en) * | 2010-07-13 | 2012-03-27 | Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Научно-производственное предприятие "Исток" (ФГУП "НПП "Исток") | Method to manufacture cathode for microwave device |
CN106470020B (en) * | 2016-10-17 | 2023-10-13 | 北京真空电子技术研究所(中国电子科技集团公司第十二研究所) | Control electrode component for cathode, cathode assembly and orthogonal field amplifier |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR876469A (en) * | 1941-06-24 | 1942-11-06 | Csf | Improvements to speed modulated tube circuits |
DE862039C (en) * | 1940-07-03 | 1953-01-08 | Philips Nv | Electric discharge tubes with directed electron bundle |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR865307A (en) * | 1939-05-03 | 1941-05-20 | Magneti Marelli Spa | Arrangement for maintaining constant gate bias in amplifier tubes of power amplifier circuits |
US2438960A (en) * | 1940-11-29 | 1948-04-06 | Rca Corp | Balanced amplifier |
DE895481C (en) * | 1941-08-20 | 1953-11-02 | Siemens Reiniger Werke Ag | Electromagnetic cylinder lens |
US2392380A (en) * | 1942-12-07 | 1946-01-08 | Sperry Gyroscope Co Inc | High-voltage apparatus |
US2470048A (en) * | 1946-05-31 | 1949-05-10 | Bendix Aviat Corp | Television receiver |
GB729812A (en) * | 1949-09-22 | 1955-05-11 | Sperry Corp | Improvements in or relating to high-frequency electron-discharge tubes |
US2795654A (en) * | 1954-03-02 | 1957-06-11 | James R Macdonald | High impedance electronic circuit |
FR1102594A (en) * | 1954-04-08 | 1955-10-24 | Csf | Improvements to traveling wave tubes with a rectilinear cylindrical structure |
FR1115157A (en) * | 1954-11-29 | 1956-04-20 | Csf | Delay line for traveling wave tubes |
US2924740A (en) * | 1957-12-13 | 1960-02-09 | Raytheon Co | Electronic systems |
-
0
- NL NL215805D patent/NL215805A/xx unknown
- NL NL214772D patent/NL214772A/xx unknown
-
1944
- 1944-08-02 GB GB14777/44A patent/GB586973A/en not_active Expired
-
1957
- 1957-02-22 DE DEV11987A patent/DE1235441B/en active Pending
- 1957-02-22 GB GB6106/57A patent/GB856973A/en not_active Expired
- 1957-02-22 DE DEV19824A patent/DE1286647B/en active Pending
- 1957-03-27 DE DES52897A patent/DE1109796B/en active Pending
- 1957-03-27 FR FR1170097D patent/FR1170097A/en not_active Expired
-
1960
- 1960-05-05 US US27151A patent/US3210669A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE862039C (en) * | 1940-07-03 | 1953-01-08 | Philips Nv | Electric discharge tubes with directed electron bundle |
FR876469A (en) * | 1941-06-24 | 1942-11-06 | Csf | Improvements to speed modulated tube circuits |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR1170097A (en) | 1959-01-08 |
GB586973A (en) | 1947-04-09 |
DE1286647B (en) | 1969-01-09 |
NL214772A (en) | |
GB856973A (en) | 1960-12-21 |
US3210669A (en) | 1965-10-05 |
DE1109796B (en) | 1961-06-29 |
NL215805A (en) |
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