DE10339487A1 - Semiconductor chip manufacture system for formation of chips on semiconductor wafer involves formation of pits in rear surface, plating with solder and application of solder to fill pits - Google Patents
Semiconductor chip manufacture system for formation of chips on semiconductor wafer involves formation of pits in rear surface, plating with solder and application of solder to fill pits Download PDFInfo
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- DE10339487A1 DE10339487A1 DE10339487A DE10339487A DE10339487A1 DE 10339487 A1 DE10339487 A1 DE 10339487A1 DE 10339487 A DE10339487 A DE 10339487A DE 10339487 A DE10339487 A DE 10339487A DE 10339487 A1 DE10339487 A1 DE 10339487A1
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- wafer
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 106
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title abstract 3
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 title 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 104
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 63
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010408 sweeping Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 22
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000407 epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LQBJWKCYZGMFEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead tin Chemical compound [Sn].[Pb] LQBJWKCYZGMFEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006748 scratching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002393 scratching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Aufbringen eines Halbleiterchips auf einen Träger, insbesondere zum Aufbringen eines Halbleiterchips, in dem ein vertikales Halbleiterbauelement, wie beispielsweise eine vertikale Diode oder ein vertikaler Transistor, integriert ist. Die Erfindung betrifft außerdem einen Halbleiterchip, insbesondere einen Halbleiterchip, in dem ein vertikales Bauelement integriert ist.The The present invention relates to a method for applying a Semiconductor chips on a carrier, in particular for applying a semiconductor chip in which a vertical Semiconductor device, such as a vertical diode or a vertical transistor is integrated. The invention also relates to a Semiconductor chip, in particular a semiconductor chip, in which a vertical Component is integrated.
Die Ausgangsbasis für die Herstellung von Halbleiterchips bildet in hinlänglich bekannter Weise ein Substratwafer, auf dem die Halbleiterchips durch eine Abfolge von Prozessschritten erzeugt werden, und der abschließend zerteilt wird, um die einzelnen Halbleiterchips zu erhalten. Bei sogenannten vertikalen Halbleiterbauelementen, bei denen ein stromführender Kanal in vertikaler Richtung des Halbleiterchips, also senkrecht zu dessen Vorder- und Rückseite verläuft, wird als Substrat üblicherweise ein hochdotiertes Halbleitermaterial gewählt, das einen der Anschlüsse des in dem Chip integrierten Halbleiterbauelements bildet. Derartige vertikale Bauelemente sind beispielsweise Dioden, Thyristoren, IGBT oder MOS-FET.The Starting point for the production of semiconductor chips is well-known Way a substrate wafer on which the semiconductor chips through a Sequence of process steps are generated, and the final parts is to get the individual semiconductor chips. In so-called vertical semiconductor devices in which a current-carrying Channel in the vertical direction of the semiconductor chip, that is perpendicular to its front and back runs, becomes common as a substrate a highly doped semiconductor material is selected, which is one of the terminals of the forms in the chip integrated semiconductor device. such vertical components are for example diodes, thyristors, IGBT or MOS FET.
In Stengl/Tihanyi: "Leistungs-MOS-FET-Praxis", Pflaum Verlag, München, 1992, Seiten 29 bis 40, sind solche auf einem stark dotierten Halbleitersubstrat basierende Bauelemente beschrieben, die als vertikale MOSFET ausgebildet sind. Der Drain-Anschluss dieser MOSFET wird durch das Substrat gebildet, das die Rückseite der Bauelemente bildet und auf das die Transistorstruktur mit der Driftzone, den Body- und Source-Zonen sowie der Gate-Elektrode aufgebracht ist.In Stengl / Tihanyi: "Performance MOS-FET practice", Pflaum Verlag, Munich, 1992, pages 29 to 40, are those on a heavily doped semiconductor substrate described based components that are designed as vertical MOSFET are. The drain connection This MOSFET is formed by the substrate, which is the back side of the components forms and on the transistor structure with the Drift zone, the body and source zones and the gate electrode applied is.
Die Abmessungen der Drift-Zone zwischen der Body-Zone und der Drain-Zone bei einem MOSFET bzw. zwischen der Anodenzone und der Kathodenzone bei einer vertikalen Diode bestimmen maßgeblich die Spannungsfestigkeit des Bauelementes. Diese Driftzone wird während des Herstellungsverfahrens beispielsweise mittels Epitaxie auf das Substrat aufgebracht.The Dimensions of the drift zone between the body zone and the drain zone in a MOSFET or between the anode zone and the cathode zone in a vertical diode determine the dielectric strength significantly of the component. This drift zone is during the manufacturing process For example, applied by epitaxy to the substrate.
Die Dicke des hochdotierten Substratwafers ist üblicherweise wesentlich größer als die Dicke der aufgebrachten Epitaxieschicht, um eine ausreichende Stabilität des Wafers während der zur Herstellung der Bauelemente erforderlichen Prozessschritte zu gewährleisten. Übliche Dicken eines solchen Wafers liegen im Bereich von einigen 100 μm, während die erforderliche Dicke der Epitaxieschicht für Bauelemente mit einer Spannungsfestigkeit von 600V im Bereich von 40 bis 70 μm liegt. Das stark dotierte Substrat dient bei dem Bauelement dazu, einen niederohmigen Kontakt einer Anschlusselektrode zu dem Halbleiterbauelement zu gewährleisten. Allerdings soll das Substrat möglichst wenig zum Einschaltwiderstand des Halbleiterbauelements beitragen.The Thickness of the heavily doped substrate wafer is usually much larger than the thickness of the applied epitaxial layer to a sufficient stability of the wafer during the process steps required for the production of the components to ensure. Usual thicknesses of such a wafer are in the range of a few 100 microns, while the required Thickness of the epitaxial layer for Components with a dielectric strength of 600V in the range of 40 to 70 μm lies. The heavily doped substrate is used in the device, a low-resistance contact of a connection electrode to the semiconductor device to ensure. However, the substrate should be as possible contribute little to the on resistance of the semiconductor device.
Hierzu ist es bekannt, den Wafer am Ende der Prozessschritte ausgehend von der Rückseite dünnzuschleifen, um einen Teil des Substrats abzutragen. Allerdings darf der Wafer nur so weit zurückgeschliffen werden, dass der Wafer und die aus dem Wafer gesägten Halbleiterchips noch handhabbar bleiben. Allerdings ist bereits die Handhabung solcher dünner Halbleiterchips aufwendiger als die Handhabung herkömmlicher Chips.For this it is known starting the wafer at the end of the process steps thin from the back, to remove a part of the substrate. However, the wafer is allowed just ground back so far be that the wafer and the sawn from the wafer semiconductor chips remain manageable. However, the handling of such thin semiconductor chips is already more complicated than the handling of conventional Crisps.
Um
die Handhabbarkeit des Wafers zu verbessern, ist es aus der
Zum Aufbringen und elektrisch leitenden Verbinden eines Halbleiterchips mit einem Trägersubstrat, insbesondere einer Platine, sind verschiedene Verfahren bekannt, die jedoch für das Aufbringen eines dünngeschliffenen oder dünngeätzten Halbleiterchips wenig geeignet sind.To the Applying and electrically conductive connection of a semiconductor chip with a carrier substrate, In particular, a circuit board, various methods are known which, however, for the application of a thinly ground or thin-etched semiconductor chips are not very suitable.
Ein bekanntes Verfahren ist der sogenannte "Solderspanking-Prozess", bei dem ein Lotdraht auf einen heißen Substratträger aufgebracht wird, bei dem der aufgeschmolzene Lottropfen quadratisch oder rechteckig vorgeformt wird und bei dem anschließend der Halbleiterchip auf dem Lottropfen platziert wird. Wesentliche Nachteile dieses Verfahrens sind die zeitaufwändige Kalibrierung der hierfür verwendeten Werkzeuge, hohe Lotmengentoleranzen sowie eine ungleichmäßige Lotdickenverteilung unterhalb des Chips.One Known method is the so-called "Solderspanking process" in which a solder wire applied to a hot substrate carrier in which the molten solder drop is square or rectangular is preformed and then the semiconductor chip on the lot drop is placed. Major disadvantages of this method are the time consuming ones Calibration of the used for this Tools, high solder quantity tolerances and an uneven distribution of solder thickness below of the chip.
Ein weiteres bekanntes Verfahren ist der sogenannte "Soft-Solder-Dispensing-Prozess". Bei diesem Verfahren wird Lot in einer Form aufgeschmolzen, wobei die Form den Abmessungen des Chips entspricht. Nach dem Entfernen der Form wird der Chip auf das aufgeschmolzene Lot aufgesetzt.One Another known method is the so-called "soft-solder dispensing process". In this process Lot is melted in a mold, the shape of the dimensions of the chip. After removing the mold becomes the chip put on the molten solder.
Außerdem besteht die Möglichkeit, den Chip auf das Trägersubstrat unter Verwendung eines elektrisch leitfähigen Klebstoffes aufzubringen. Allerdings sind die auf diese Weise erzeugten Verbindungsschichten sehr feuchteempfindlich und können während des Dauereinsatzes nur vergleichsweise niedrigen Temperaturen ausgesetzt werden.There is also the possibility, the chip on the carrier substrate applying an electrically conductive adhesive. However, the connecting layers produced in this way are very sensitive to moisture and can while of continuous use only exposed to comparatively low temperatures become.
Ziel der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein einfach und kostengünstig zu realisierendes Verfahren zum Aufbringen eines Halbleiterchips auf einen Träger und einen für dieses Verfahren geeigneten Halbleiterchip zur Verfügung zu stellen.aim The present invention is an easy and inexpensive too realizing method for applying a semiconductor chip a carrier and one for This method suitable semiconductor chip available put.
Dieses Ziel wird durch ein Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1 und durch einen Halbleiterchip gemäß der Merkmale des Anspruchs 12 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.This The object is achieved by a method according to claim 1 and by a Semiconductor chip according to the features of claim 12 solved. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Aufbringen eines Halbleiterchips sieht vor, einen Halbleiterwafer bereitzustellen, der eine Anzahl nebeneinander angeordneter Halbleiterchips umfasst. Der Halbleiterwafer weist eine Vorderseite und eine Rückseite auf, wobei ausgehend von der Rückseite wenigstens eine Aussparung in den einzelnen Halbleiterchips erzeugt wird, die anschließend mit einem Verbindungsmaterial, insbesondere einem Lotmaterial, aufgefüllt wird. Anschließend wird der Wafer derart in die einzelnen Halbleiterchips zerteilt, dass auf den einzelnen Halbleiterchips ein die wenigstens eine Aussparung mit dem Verbindungsmaterial wenigstens teilweise umgebender Rand aus Wafermaterial verbleibt. Anschließend wird einer der auf diese Weise erzeugten Halbleiterchips an der die Aussparung aufweisenden Seite unter Verwendung des Verbindungsmaterials auf dem Träger befestigt.The inventive method for applying a semiconductor chip, a semiconductor wafer to provide a number of juxtaposed semiconductor chips includes. The semiconductor wafer has a front side and a back side on, starting from the back at least a recess is produced in the individual semiconductor chips, the subsequently is filled with a bonding material, in particular a solder material. Subsequently The wafer is thus divided into the individual semiconductor chips, that on the individual semiconductor chips one the at least one recess at least partially surrounding edge with the bonding material of wafer material remains. Subsequently, one of these becomes this way generated semiconductor chips on the side having the recess attached to the carrier using the bonding material.
Das in die wenigstens eine Aussparung eines auf dem Wafer angeordneten Halbleiterchips eingebrachte Verbindungsmaterial ist insbesondere ein Lotmaterial, das zum Verbinden des Halbleiterchips mit dem Träger unter Wärmeeinwirkung aufgeschmolzen wird. Ebenso geeignet ist ein elektrisch leitfähiger Kleber, insbesondere ein Kleber der unter Wärmeeinwirkung oder unter Einwirkung eines gasförmigen Reaktionspartners, beispielsweise Sauerstoff, aushärtet.The in the at least one recess of a arranged on the wafer Semiconductor chips introduced connection material is particular a solder material used to connect the semiconductor chip to the carrier below the effect of heat is melted. Also suitable is an electrically conductive adhesive, in particular an adhesive of the heat or under action a gaseous one Reactant, for example oxygen, hardens.
Das Verbindungsmaterial ist insbesondere ein pastenförmiges Verbindungsmaterial, das durch Aufbringen des Lotmaterials auf die Rückseite des Wafers und anschließendes Überstreichen der Rückseite mit einem Schaber in die wenigstens eine Aussparung der einzelnen Halbleiterchips eingebracht wird. Der Schaber kann dabei mit den zwischen den Aussparungen der einzelnen Halbleiterchips verbleibenden Stegen zur Anlage ge bracht werden, um die Aussparungen bündig mit dem Verbindungsmaterial aufzufüllen. Außerdem kann der Schaber auch beabstandet zu der Rückseite des Halbleiterwafers geführt werden, wobei dann Verbindungsmaterial sowohl in die Aussparungen als auch auf die zwischen den Aussparungen verbleibenden Stege des Wafermaterials aufgebracht wird.The Bonding material is in particular a pasty connecting material, by applying the solder material to the backside of the wafer and then painting over it the back with a scraper in the at least one recess of the individual Semiconductor chips is introduced. The scraper can do with the remaining between the recesses of the individual semiconductor chips Webs are brought to the plant to be flush with the recesses to fill the connecting material. Furthermore For example, the scraper may also be spaced from the back side of the semiconductor wafer guided be, then connecting material in both the recesses as well as on the remaining between the recesses webs of the Wafer material is applied.
Um ein Anhaften des Verbindungsmaterials, insbesondere bei Verwendung eines Lotmaterials, an dem Halbleiterchip zu verbessern und dadurch den elektrischen Übergangswiderstand zwischen dem Halbleiterchip und dem Verbindungsmaterial zu verringern, ist bei einer Ausführungsform des Verfahrens vorgesehen, vor dem Aufbringen des Verbindungsmaterials eine für das Verbindungsmaterial haftverbesserte Schicht auf die Rückseite des Wafers aufzubringen. Diese haftverbessernde Schicht kann dabei ganzflächig auf die Rückseite des Wafers, also in die Aussparungen und auf die zwischen den Aussparungen verbleibenden Stege aufgebracht werden. Außerdem besteht die Möglichkeit, diese haftverbessernde Schicht nur jeweils in die Aussparungen der einzelnen Halbleiterwafer einzubringen.Around adhesion of the bonding material, especially when used a solder material to improve on the semiconductor chip and thereby the electrical contact resistance between the semiconductor chip and the interconnect material, is in one embodiment of the method, before applying the bonding material one for the bonding material adhesion-improving layer on the back of the wafer. This adhesion-improving layer can thereby the whole area on the back of the wafer, ie in the recesses and between the recesses remaining webs are applied. It is also possible this adhesion improving layer only in each case in the recesses of to introduce individual semiconductor wafer.
Die insbesondere für Lotmaterialien haftverbessernde Schicht besteht beispielsweise aus einem Metall. Geeignete Metalle hierfür sind Aluminium (Al), Gold (Au) oder Chrom (Cr).The especially for Solder adhesion-enhancing layer consists for example of a metal. Suitable metals for this purpose are aluminum (Al), gold (Au) or chromium (Cr).
Bei einer Ausführungsform des Verfahrens ist vorgesehen, vor dem Zerteilen des Wafers einen Temperschritt durchzuführen, was insbesondere bei der Verwendung pastenförmiger Lotmaterialien sinnvoll ist, um vor dem Zerteilen des Wafers eine feste Verbindung zwischen dem Lotmaterial und den einzelnen Halbleiterchips herzustellen. Das auf diese Weise verfestigte Lotmaterial wird zum Befestigen des Halbleiterchips auf dem Träger nochmals aufgeschmolzen. In pastenförmigen Lotmaterialien sind Lösungsmittel enthalten, die während eines solchen Temperschrittes entweichen. Das Durchführen eines solchen Temperschrittes noch vor dem endgültigen Aufbringen des Halbleiterchips auf den Träger besitzt den Vorteil, dass diese Lösungsmittel einfach entweichen können, wenn der Chip noch nicht auf den Träger aufgebracht ist.at an embodiment of the method is provided, before the division of the wafer, a tempering step perform, which makes sense in particular when using paste-like solder materials is to make a firm connection between before dividing the wafer produce the solder material and the individual semiconductor chips. The solder material solidified in this way is used to fasten the Semiconductor chips on the carrier melted again. Pasty solder materials are solvents included during the escape of such a tempering step. Performing such Temperschrittes even before the final application of the semiconductor chip on the carrier has the advantage that these solvents simply escape can, if the chip is not yet applied to the carrier.
Sofern auf einen solchen Temperschritt vor dem Zerteilen des Wafers verzichtet wird, kann es erforderlich sein, in die die Aussparung umgebenden Stege auf dem Halbleiterchip Kanäle einzubringen, die ein Entweichen eines Lösungsmittels oder Flussmittels ermöglichen, wenn nach dem Aufbringen des Halbleiterchips auf den Träger der Temperschritt durchgeführt wird.Provided dispensed with such a tempering step before dividing the wafer it may be necessary in the surrounding the recess webs on the semiconductor chip channels introducing an escape of a solvent or flux enable, if after application of the semiconductor chip on the carrier of Tempering performed becomes.
Der erfindungsgemäße, für das Verfahren geeignete Halbleiterchip umfasst eine Vorderseite und eine Rückseite, wenigstens eine in die Rückseite eingebrachte, von einem Rand umgebene Aussparung und ein die wenigstens eine Aussparung auffüllendes Verbindungsmaterial.Of the according to the invention, suitable for the process Semiconductor chip includes a front side and a back side, at least one introduced into the back, Surrounded by an edge recess and the at least one recess auffüllendes Connecting material.
Das Verbindungsmaterial ist insbesondere ein Lotmaterial, vorzugsweise ein pastenförmiges Lotmaterial, oder ein elektrisch leitfähiges Klebematerial, insbesondere ein pastenförmiges Klebematerial. Wird ein pastenförmiges Lotmaterial verwendet, so ist dieses in die Aussparung eingebrachte Lotmaterial vorzugsweise durch einen Temperschritt bereits ausgehärtet.The connecting material is in particular a solder material, preferably a paste-like solder material, or an electrically conductive adhesive material, in particular a paste-shaped adhesive material. If a paste-like solder material is used, Thus, this introduced into the recess solder material is preferably already cured by an annealing step.
Die vorliegende Erfindung wird nachfolgend in Ausführungsbeispielen anhand von Figuren näher erläutert.The The present invention will be described below in exemplary embodiments with reference to FIG Figures explained in more detail.
In den Figuren bezeichnen, sofern nicht anders angegeben, gleiche Bezugszeichen gleiche Teile mit gleicher Bedeutung.In denote the figures, unless otherwise indicated, like reference numerals same parts with the same meaning.
Bezugnehmend
auf
Die
Rückseite
Der
Wafer
In
einem nächsten,
in
Die
Aussparungen
Bei
dem in
Es
sei darauf hingewiesen, das auf diese haftverbessernde Schicht
Nach
dem optionalen Aushärten
der Verbindungsschicht wird der Wafer
Abschließend wird
einer der so hergestellten und vereinzelten Chips auf einen Träger
Das
erfindungsgemäße Verfahren
bietet den Vorteil, dass auf jedem Halbleiterchip eine durch die Aussparung
Bei
dem zuvor anhand von
Bei
dem anhand von
Bezugnehmend
auf
Ist
das Verbindungsmaterial
Der
Wafer
Eine
Anordnung, die durch Zersägen
des Wafers
- 2020
- haftverbessernde Schichtadhesion improving layer
- 30, 3230 32
- Verbindungsmaterial, LotmaterialConnecting material, solder
- 100100
- HalbleiterwaferSemiconductor wafer
- 101101
- Vorderseite des Halbleiterwafersfront of the semiconductor wafer
- 102102
- Rückseite des Halbleiterwafersback of the semiconductor wafer
- 103, 103A, 103B103 103A, 103B
- Aussparungrecess
- 104104
- Ritzrahmenkerf
- 105105
- Steg aus Wafermaterialweb made of wafer material
- 106106
- AusdampfkanäleAusdampfkanäle
- 200200
- HalbleiterchipSemiconductor chip
- 202202
- Umrandungborder
- 210210
- Aktiver Bauelementbereichactive component region
- 300300
- Trägercarrier
- 301301
- Oberfläche des TrägersSurface of the carrier
- 400400
- Schaber, RakelScraper, doctor
Claims (13)
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