DE10246715A1 - Continually-operated large-scale composting module comprises a step-operated conveyer with a sub-surface forced air supply discharging via wiper seals - Google Patents

Abstract

A large-scale continually-operated composting module consists of a large diameter pipe closed at both ends, with a hopper inlet at the first end and a step-operated conveyer belt link to a discharge drop outlet at the other end, where compost on the belt is force-aerated from below by an external air supply.

Description

The invention relates to a composting plant ventilation according to the preamble of claim 1.

Such composting plants are for large-scale Rotting of compostable waste used. compostable scraps are for example green waste, organic waste or organic waste from residual waste and sewage sludges that to be mixed if necessary.

In such composting plants important that the Rottegut over a longer one Period in a closed system can rot, but that the while Oxygen used in the rotting process is supplied regularly.

It is a so-called tunnel composting plant known, which consists essentially of a tube into which the the compost is introduced on one side and from the same side is removed again. Such an introduction and execution of the Composting goods from the same side of the tube is disadvantageous. For example, in this type of loading and unloading Rotting good necessary that you have an appropriate loading hall at the entrance of the tube or arranging a tunnel porch, which must be hermetically sealed to the escape more harmful Avoid emissions to the environment. In the area of this tunnel porch must be the loading and unloading of the rotting material from the tunnel composter be made. This is with significant odor nuisance connected, so that if necessary even worked under respiratory protection must become.

In such tunnel composting plants it is known to also circulate the air. The rotten crop rests for this on a fixed grate, through which the ventilation air is blown from below against the bottom of the rotting material. This Air is said to penetrate the rotting material and is also circulated. disadvantage this known ventilation arrangement is that targeted ventilation through the rotting material difficult to do is because the rotting crop during of the rotting process remains in place, thereby compressing arise and through the ventilation preference channels formed be in the vicinity of which the rotting material dries out.

The object of the invention is therefore the basis for further developing a composting plant of the type mentioned at the outset, that the rotting material is ventilated much better and with higher efficiency can and at the same time the rotting material through the composting plant promoted becomes.

To solve the task the invention is characterized in that the composting plant consists of a self-contained container on which the rotting material rests on a transport floor, which is designed as a longitudinal conveyor, which the compost from the entry side of the composting plant in the direction transported to the discharge side and that the rotting material from one forced ventilation flow is enforced.

To realize the Rottegut penetrating, forced ventilation is in a first execution provided that below the longitudinal conveyor one or more under pressure working ventilation devices are arranged, which is the ventilation air Blow through the crop from the bottom. It'll be later further configurations of the ventilation device portrayed.

With the given technical teaching there is the advantage that the rotting material is not in the composting module remains in place, but it is constantly starting from the entry conveyed in the direction of the discharge by the longitudinal conveyor arranged on the bottom. A typical funding period is, for example, 2 weeks, the composting material being spread over 5 days in a row Entry is placed on the transport floor and this step by step the transport floor is moved until the total rotting material is 14 Days in the composting module. It then remains for the duration of for example 1 week to experience aerobic decomposition.

It is important in the invention that the transport floor for a constant Loosening of the rotting material ensures and thus new air pore volume is formed so that the arranged according to the invention in the composting module ventilation arrangement can work with high efficiency. It therefore becomes the rotting crop with much higher Efficiency unlocked and rots faster. This means shorter lead times for the Processing of the compost possible. Thanks to the transport floor according to the invention, designed in any form as a longitudinal conveyor is for the composting plant an extraordinary high biological efficiency.

In a first embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the longitudinal conveyor is designed as a slat floor, in which individual slats form the floor lying one behind the other approximately in a horizontal plane and these slats can be moved in the longitudinal direction. A respective drive applies a pushing force to the rearmost slat, whereby the thrust is applied to all slats one behind the other and finally the last slat on the discharge side is pushed out of the conveying plane, lowered and via a conveyor in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the Composting module is brought back to the entry page to be used again. Instead of such a longitudinal conveyor from individual lamellae, other longitudinal conveyors can also be used, such as. B. a belt conveyor with an upper and a lower rotating run, a vibrating conveyor, a chain conveyor, a cup conveyor and all others known longitudinal conveyor.

It is important in the invention that the ventilation air under pressure is introduced to the underside of the rotting material, d. H. so, on its bottom side. Here, there are several embodiments, all of them as be claimed essential to the invention.

In a first preferred embodiment it provided that the ventilation air under pressure inserted under the transport floor is about Distribution channels, which are air-tight via grinding seals with the underside of the individual slats of the transport floor stand.

about the corresponding overpressure channels ventilation air directly on the underside of the transport floor (and the ones located there Individual lamellas) applied, the individual lamellas as hollow lamellas are formed, which have corresponding through openings, so that the under pressure air introduced flows directly through the individual lamella and thereby enters the rotting material on the underside of the rotting material and penetrates it.

In another embodiment of the According to the invention, it is provided that the transport floor is in turn Individual lamellae exist in the longitudinal direction of the composting module are displaceably driven, but this Individual lamellas do not have corresponding air passage holes, but the ventilation air through the gaps between the individual, colliding Individual lamellas flow through and also pressed up through the bottom of the rotting material becomes.

In a third embodiment it provided that the ventilation device at all is arranged above the transport floor and for example one or more in the longitudinal direction of the composting module arranged ventilation pipes, via which the bottom of the rotting material is guided, and that from these ventilation pipes the one introduced under negative pressure ventilation air flows into the bottom of the rotting material and the rotting material upwards directed enforced.

It will also be the combination of all described ventilation devices claimed among each other as essential to the invention. For example, it is provided that the side ventilation above the transport floor with ventilation is combined below the transport floor.

So instead of ventilation channels at the bottom, the are arranged under the transport floor, so there is after third embodiment also the possibility to use ventilation pipes directly into the rotting material, so that an air flow through the transport floor is not necessary is.

Instead of horizontally and lengthways aligned ventilation pipes is it also possible the longitudinal axis of the ventilation pipes to be aligned perpendicular to the direction of transport of the rotting material.

There are also so-called cross tubes, where it is possible is, the air both parallel to the direction of transport of the rotting material as well as in the transverse direction and the rotting material thereby to ventilate.

In a fourth embodiment of the Invention it is provided that the ventilation by lance-shaped Ventilation lances entering the rotting material at the top or on the side is made. With ventilation lances entering the rotting material from above the longitudinal axis the ventilation lances directed perpendicular to the direction of transport of the rotting material, and the aeration lances are either driven into the rotting crop from above and again lifted out in cycles. In other versions, the ventilation lances also driven into the rotting material from below through the transport floor or enter the rotting crop from the side.

It goes without saying that the ventilation lances at each feed cycle of the transport floor be removed from the rotting material while the rotting material is at a standstill the ventilation lances introduced into the rotting material and the corresponding ventilation air supplied becomes.

Here it is not absolutely necessary to find a solution, that the lances are driven into the top of the rotting material and be lowered.

In other configurations, it can be provided that the lances either in the horizontal direction be driven laterally into the rotting material or horizontally Direction driven into the rotting material from the respective end faces become.

Of course, it is also possible to use such aeration lances to drive into the rotting material from below, but with appropriate Precautions must be taken in order to be able to push through the transport floor.

The subject of the present invention arises not only from the subject of the individual claims, but also from the combination of the individual claims.

All in the documentation, including the Summary disclosed information and features, especially the spatial training shown in the drawings claimed as essential to the invention, insofar as they are used individually or in Combination versus the state of the art are new.

The invention is described below of several execution routes illustrative drawings explained. Here go from the drawings and their description essential features and advantages of the invention.

Show it:

1 : Section through a composting module in a first embodiment,

2 : Cross section through the composting machine module after 1 .

3 : Longitudinal section through a composting module in a second embodiment,

4 : Cross section through the composting module after 3 .

5 : Longitudinal section through a composting module in a third embodiment,

6 : Cross section through the composting module after 5 ,

The composting modules 1 after the 1 to 6 are formed essentially the same. The same reference numerals are therefore used for the same parts.

The composting module 1 consists essentially of a closed, box-shaped housing, which is hermetically sealed. Via an entry sponsor 2 , which is designed, for example, as a screw conveyor, the rotting material to be entered is in the direction of the arrow 3 applied and via ejection flaps arranged in the transverse direction of the box 4 down onto a transport floor 7 dropped.

After a longer loading period, the rotting material then piles up 5 in the form of a mountain of material on the transport floor 7 on. The transport floor 7 is now in the direction of the arrow 6 driven step by step, for example, a drive speed of 1 week is provided for a displacement of 20 m. Such a composting module 1 therefore summarizes Rottegut 5 with a volume of up to 1000 cubic meters.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention there is the transport floor 7 from individual lamellas 8th , butting against each other the horizontal transport floor 7 for the rotting material 5 form. The longitudinal axis of each slat 8th is transverse to the direction of the arrow 6 aligned and each blade has an impeller at its outer end 9 on that on an assigned running track 10 rolls.

With a drive arranged on the front 11 the foremost lamella on the entry side is driven in the direction of thrust, so that all lamellae due to their body contact with the drive which can be moved in the longitudinal direction 11 be postponed until the end of the discharge 13 the last slat is shifted downwards and by a lowering device, not shown, in the direction of the arrow 14 is lowered down. The single lamella (there with 45 is referred to) by the trolley 15 added by a cable 16 is driven. This cable 16 is about individual pulleys 17 guided so that the dolly 15 in the direction of the arrow 12 and can be moved in the opposite direction.

Once the dolly 15 is at the end of the entry, the single lamella 45 with a lifting device, not shown 18 raised and back into the transport floor 7 introduced where it is back towards the discharge end by means of the drive 11 in the direction of the arrow 6 is moved.

For ventilation of the composting module 1 to 1 and 2 is now an air intake 19 provided, which is formed in the longitudinally extending, continuous tube. The circulating air is fed into this air inlet via a nozzle 30 introduced on the pressure side of a blower 29 is arranged. The fan takes the circulating air to be circulated from the collecting pipe arranged on the ceiling 28 and promotes this in the cycle in the direction of the arrow 47 , The manifold 19 is air-tight with two spaced-apart transverse channels 21 . 22 connected via a manifold to the distribution channel 23a . 23b are connected. The top of each distribution channel 23a . 23b is about a sliding seal 46 air-tight with the bottom of the transport floor 7 connected. In this way, the air enters the cavities of the individual lamellae 45 introduced so that each individual lamella 45 as a lamella channel 24 acts. The individual lamella each has a lower, larger inlet opening 25 and a variety of opposed, smaller exit openings 26 on.

The air escapes through them in the direction of the arrow 27 upwards and penetrates the rotting material 5 perpendicular to its direction of transport.

By the Rottegut 5 air passing through exits at the top of the rotting material and is released from the collecting tube 28 recorded where they are vacuumed and over the blower 29 again in the air inlet pipe 19 is blown in.

In this embodiment, it is essential that the transport floor 7 Forms air passages through which the air is blown into the rotting material under excess pressure.

Instead of the formation of air passages in assigned lamellae, it is of course also possible to form such air passages in other longitudinal conveyors. For example, is the transport floor 7 formed from a belt conveyor, it is possible to provide the circumferential run with perforations and the associated grinding seals 46 to be placed on the inside of the upper run of the belt conveyor in order to vent the rotting material through the upper run 5 to enable.

The representation of the transport floor 7 with individual lamellas and lamellar channels formed in them 24 is to be regarded as essential to the invention; however, there are other transport floors 7 claimed as essential to the invention.

In the embodiment according to 3 and 4 is an air flow through the transport floor 7 not provided. Instead, the air comes out of the blower 29 and the neck 30 into a distribution channel 34 fed, the air-tight with an upper and a lower ventilation pipe 35 . 36 connected is.

In this way, two stacked and air-tight from each other separate ventilation pipes 35 . 36 provided, a plurality of ventilation tubes separated and spaced parallel next to each other across the width of the composting module 1 are distributed.

The under pressure in the ventilation pipes 35 . 36 Air fed in now escapes into the rotting material through appropriate ventilation openings 5 and enforces them from the bottom up.

In the 5 and 6 is shown as a further embodiment that the transport floor 7 An air passage allows that the slats themselves are not provided with through openings, but only the space 39 air flows between the individual slats.

The slat 8a therefore does not have to have appropriate through holes, as is the case with the lamella 8th in 1 and 2 was the case.

For this is below the transport floor 7 a print box 37 arranged, which is pressure-tight. It has a front and rear box wall 38 and also side box walls, so that an overpressure leading pressure box 37 is created.

According to a development of the invention, this pressure box 37 divided because of a central partition 41 is provided, a part of which in the direction of the arrow 42 open and close in the opposite direction.

Opening the partition 41 is only required to the dolly 15 let pass through if necessary.

Otherwise, the partition is 41 closed and the overpressure in the pressure box 37 Air fed in is in the direction of the arrow 40 up through the gaps 39 of the transport floor 7 through and penetrates the rotting material 5 under pressure with a ventilation flow directed from bottom to top.

This is the print box 37 through assigned supply air pipes 43 . 44 supplied with pressurized air. The one supply air pipe 43 is used, for example, to supply compressed air to the right part of the pressure box 37b while the supply air pipe 44 for the compressed air supply of the left part of the pressure box 37a is determined. For the sake of completeness it is mentioned that at the end of the discharge the rotting material 5 by means of a milling device 32 is processed, which divides the rotting material, tears it and shreds it into transportable parts, which are then discharged 33 be carried out.

In all of the exemplary embodiments, it is also stated that fresh air can be metered in, specifically via the fresh air supply 31 on the blower 29 , A measuring arrangement, not shown, is used to determine how much oxygen in the interior of the composting module 1 was used up. Accordingly, dosing takes place via the fresh air supply 31 and a fresh air valve arrangement, not shown, to the blower 29 fed and mixed with the circulating air.

According to the invention, the composting module according to the invention provides a much more effective aeration of the rotting material 5 achieved because the rotting material is transported during ventilation and thereby the rotting material is loosened up, so that a much easier air passage is ensured than, for example, with a rotting material that rots in place and is not transported. It goes without saying that the composting module according to the invention can work both in continuous operation and in so-called circulation operation. In the case of a circulation operation, it is provided that at the discharge 33 a connection conveyor, not shown, is attached, which the discharged good back to the entry conveyor 2 feeds the rotten crop several times through the composting module 1 to promote.

It goes without saying that the entry and discharge side of the composting module 1 is closed air-tight during the entire processing time.

1

Kompostiermodul

2

in conveyor

3

arrow

4

ejection flap

5

rotting material

6

arrow

7

transportation ground

8th

lamella 8a

9

Wheel

10

runner

11

drive

12

arrow

13

discharge

14

arrow

15

Dolly

16

cable

17

idler pulley

18

hoist

19

Air inlet tube

20

discharge conveyor

21

Querkanal

22

Querkanal

23

distribution channel a, b

24

lamella channel

25

inlet opening

26

outlet opening

27

arrow

28

manifold

29

fan

30

Support

31

Fresh air supply

32

Abfräseinrichtung

33

discharge

34

distribution channel

35

ventilation tube

36

ventilation tube

37

print case

38

chest wall

39

gap

40

arrow

41

partition wall

42

arrow

43

supply air duct

44

supply air duct

45

Single fin

46

Contact sealing

47

arrow

Claims (12)

Composting system with ventilation for large-scale rotting of compostable waste, which in a ventilation system in a composting module ( 1 ) and store the rotting material ( 5 ) is interspersed with a ventilation flow, characterized in that the rotting material ( 5 ) on a transport floor ( 7 ), which is designed as a longitudinal conveyor which carries the rotting material from the entry side of the composting module ( 1 ) transported towards the discharge side. Composting plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the longitudinal conveyor is designed as a lamellar conveyor, through the lamellas ( 8th . 8a ) the ventilation flow is led through. Composting plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the longitudinal conveyor as belt conveyors is formed, the circumferential run is perforated, through which the ventilation flow passed through is. Composting plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the longitudinal conveyor as Chain, bucket or belt conveyors is trained. Composting plant according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that one or more under positive pressure below the longitudinal conveyor working ventilation devices are arranged, which is the ventilation air Guide it through from the bottom of the rotting material. Composting plant according to claim 5, characterized in that the ventilation air via distribution channels ( 34 ), which are air-tight via grinding seals ( 46 ) with the underside of the individual lamellas ( 8th . 8a ) of the transport floor ( 7 ) are connected by the slat conveyor. Composting plant according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the ventilation device above the transport floor ( 7 ) is arranged and consists of one or more ventilation pipes arranged in the longitudinal direction of the composting module, via which the bottom side of the rotting material ( 5 ) and that the ventilation air introduced under negative pressure flows from these ventilation pipes into the bottom side of the rotting material and passes through the rotting material in an upward direction. Composting plant according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the ventilation device from directly into the rotting material ( 5 ) there are ventilation pipes. Composting plant according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the ventilation device by lance-shaped, from Ventilation lances entering the rotting material at the top or on the side is formed. Composting plant according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the ventilation air from a blower ( 29 ) is circulated and fresh air is added via a metering device. Composting plant according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the longitudinal conveyor in continuous operation is working. Composting plant according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the longitudinal conveyor operates in circulation.