DE102022203741A1 - Method for determining a target value of a charging power for charging a battery of a vehicle using a charging device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for determining a target value of a charging power for charging a battery (32) of a vehicle (30) by means of a charging device (12), the charging device (12) being electrically connected to a photovoltaic system (14) and a consumer system (20). can be connected, with the following steps: - reading in performance information, which is a difference between actual values of a power provided by the photovoltaic system (14) and a power taken by means of the consumer system (20) and a power taken by means of the charging device (12) for charging the battery ( 32) represents the charging power provided to the vehicle (32); and - determining the target value of the charging power based on the performance information using a control algorithm by means of a computing unit (28), wherein the determined target value of the charging power represents an excess of the power provided in order to charge the battery (32) of the vehicle (30) with the determined Setpoint of the charging power to be charged using the charging device (12).

Description

The invention relates to a method for determining a target value of a charging power for charging a battery of a vehicle by means of a charging device, a computing unit, a charging device and a system, as well as a corresponding computer program and a storage medium.

State of the art

In 2020 it turned out that around 89 percent of house roofs in Germany are not yet equipped with a photovoltaic system. In order to make greater use of this potential for generating renewable energy, the legislature plans to require a photovoltaic system to be included in both new buildings and renovations of old buildings. In addition, in recent years, the legislature has paid several hundred million euros in subsidies to private households so that appropriate charging facilities (so-called wallboxes) for battery-electric vehicles can be created in private environments. Both measures are an essential part of transforming mobility and help reduce dependence on fossil fuels. In this context, when operating photovoltaic systems, charging stations and battery-electric vehicles together, one should ensure that a high proportion of the available solar energy is actually consumed by the vehicle or other electrical devices in private households and that unnecessary amounts of energy do not have to be purchased from the power grid. If a so-called surplus of electrical power nevertheless arises, this power is fed into the power grid and compensated for.

Assuming that the battery-electric vehicle can absorb the solar energy generated during the day, different strategies are available for operating the wallbox, which differ in their complexity, the effort involved in implementing it and ultimately also in the acquisition costs. In the simplest case, it is a time-based control in which the charging device is switched on at a certain time and switched off again a few hours later. During this period, the battery in the vehicle is charged with constant electrical power. Of course, it can happen that fluctuations in the solar power generated are not taken into account and, for example, in the event of drops due to cloud formation, corresponding electrical power has to be purchased. In addition, excess solar energy cannot be absorbed by the vehicle's battery. If you also have a measuring device available with which you can determine the solar energy generated and the energy fed into the power grid, the charging power for the battery-electric vehicle can be adjusted very well and you can then ensure that your own consumption is optimized. However, with this controlled approach, the new measuring device leads to significantly higher system complexity and significantly higher acquisition costs.

DE 10 2013 002 078 A1 discloses a method for charging an electrical energy storage device of a vehicle. The energy storage device is coupled to a charging device. At least one charging profile is determined and set depending on user specifications and boundary conditions. According to the invention, the energy storage device is charged at least with electrical solar energy generated from solar radiation by means of a solar system of the charging device, with at least one departure time specified by the user and, as a boundary condition, an available amount of solar energy being taken into account when determining and setting the charging profile.

Disclosure of the invention

According to a first aspect, the subject of the present invention is a method for determining a target value of a charging power for charging a battery of a vehicle by means of a charging device according to claim 1. Here, the charging device is electrically connectable, in particular electrically connected, to a photovoltaic system and a consumer system.

The method includes a step of reading in performance information, which represents a difference between actual values of a power provided by the photovoltaic system and a power taken by the consumer system and a charging power provided by the charging device for charging the battery of the vehicle. That is, in other words, the performance information represents a difference between an actual value of the power provided by the photovoltaic system and an actual value of the power taken by means of the consumer system and an actual value of the charging power provided by the charging device for charging the battery of the vehicle.

The method further comprises a step of determining the target value of the charging power based on the performance information using a control algorithm by means of a computing unit, wherein the determined target value of the charging power represents an excess of the power provided in order to charge the battery of the vehicle with the target value of the determined charging power the charging device.

According to a second aspect, the subject of the present invention is a computing unit for determining a charging power for charging a battery of a vehicle by means of a charging device according to claim 7.

According to a third aspect, the subject of the present invention is a charging device for charging a battery of a vehicle according to claim 8.

According to a fourth aspect, the subject of the present invention is a system for charging a battery of a vehicle according to claim 9.

According to a further aspect, the subject of the present invention is a computer program and a machine-readable storage medium.

The vehicle comprises a battery which is designed to at least partially supply a drive unit, in particular an electric motor, of the vehicle with electrical energy. It is conceivable that the vehicle is a battery-electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle. The vehicle may be a land vehicle, an aircraft or a watercraft. For example, the vehicle is a car, a truck, an e-bike, an electrically powered helicopter or an electrically powered boat.

The vehicle includes a charging interface, which is electrically connectable to a charging interface of the charging device in order to charge or discharge the battery of the vehicle.

The charging device comprises at least one further charging interface in order to connect the charging device directly or indirectly to the photovoltaic system and/or the consumer system. The charging device is preferably designed as a wallbox. It is conceivable that the charging device is arranged on an infrastructure element or a building.

The photovoltaic system includes one or more photovoltaic modules and an inverter. The photovoltaic modules are arranged, for example, on a roof of a building. The photovoltaic system is designed to provide electrical power generated by the photovoltaic modules and converted into alternating current by means of the inverter. The photovoltaic system can also include one or more electrical storage units, for example battery storage, which are designed to absorb or remove power provided in particular by photovoltaic modules of the photovoltaic system and to temporarily store it. The storage unit of the photovoltaic system is designed to provide the stored electrical energy to the charging device.

The consumer system includes one or more consumers different from the vehicle, which are preferably arranged on or in the building. The consumer system can also include one or more electrical storage units, for example battery storage, which are designed to absorb or remove and store power provided in particular by the photovoltaic system. The storage unit of the consumer system is designed to provide the stored electrical energy to the charging device.

Preferably, the charging device, the photovoltaic system and the consumer system are indirectly electrically connected or connected to one another by means of a distribution unit, in particular arranged on or in the building.

In the context of the present application, an actual value of a service can be understood to mean a current or current value of the service. In the context of the present application, a target value of a service can be understood as a determined value of the service into which the actual value of the service is to be or is being transferred, in particular in the sense of a regulation.

The reading of the performance information is preferably preceded by a step of sensory detection or measurement of the difference between the actual values of the power provided by the photovoltaic system and the power taken by the consumer system and the charging power provided by the charging device for charging the battery of the vehicle.

It is conceivable that the difference is recorded or measured, for example, at an interface to an electrical supply network. For example, the difference can be recorded as a power delivered to the electrical supply network or provided by the electrical supply network. It is also conceivable that the actual values are first recorded separately or individually and then the difference is determined based on the separately or individually recorded actual values. Detecting or measuring the power or the power difference can be done, for example, by means of an electrical power measuring unit.

The performance information is in particular a digital or analog signal which represents the difference between the actual values of the power provided by the photovoltaic system and that taken by the consumer system Power and the charging power provided by the charging device for charging the battery of the vehicle.

Reading in the performance information can include reading in or reading out the performance information from a, in particular temporary, storage medium.

Determining the setpoint of the charging power based on the read power information using a control algorithm is preferably a calculation of the charging power depending on the difference between the actual values. Depending on the quality of the control algorithm, the determined charging power can deviate from an actual excess power. An excess of power provided can be understood to mean a difference between the power provided by the photovoltaic system and the power consumed by the consumer system, the difference preferably being positive.

The control algorithm is set up to regulate the difference between the actual values of the power provided by the photovoltaic system and the power taken by means of the consumer system and the charging power provided by the charging device for charging the battery of the vehicle to a predetermined target value, preferably zero, in order to achieve this not to import power from a supply network to charge the vehicle's battery.

The control algorithm advantageously includes a controller with an integral component. For example, the controller can be an integral controller, a proportional-integral controller or a proportional-integral-derivative controller. This means that the control algorithm is set up to regulate as precisely as possible to the specified setpoint.

The computing unit can have one or more hardware and/or software interfaces in order to read or receive the performance information. The computing unit can have one or more hardware and/or software modules in order to determine or calculate the target value of the charging power. The computing unit can have a hardware and/or software interface in order to output a signal with information regarding the determined setpoint of the charging power.

The computing unit can be arranged on the charging device, in particular integrated into the charging device. The computing unit can also be arranged away from the charging device, for example within a building, or be part of a cloud computing environment. The computing unit arranged away from the charging device is connected to the charging device wirelessly or by wire in order to transmit an analog or digital signal with information regarding the determined setpoint of the charging power to the charging device.

Through the method according to the invention and the computing unit according to the invention, it is now possible to provide a charging strategy for charging a vehicle battery, according to which an actually excess power of a photovoltaic system is used for charging. The present approach makes it possible to make the best possible use of the power provided by a photovoltaic system and to minimize additional power consumption from a supply network or additional feeds into the supply network.

It is advantageous if the control algorithm is set up to determine the setpoint of the charging power taking into account at least one charging property of the charging device, the at least one charging property being selected from: maximum charging power of the charging device, predetermined charging power levels of the charging device. When determining the charging power, both the maximum charging power of the charging device as a first charging characteristic and predetermined charging power levels of the charging device are taken into account as a second charging characteristic. Taking into account the maximum charging power of the charging device can include reducing the determined charging power to the maximum charging power if the determined charging power is greater than the maximum charging power. Taking into account the predetermined charging power levels of the charging device can include increasing or reducing the determined charging power to that of the predetermined charging power levels that deviates minimally, positively or negatively, from the determined charging power. This configuration allows typical non-linear characteristics of the charging device, such as power limitations and quantization steps for voltage and charging current, to be taken into account when determining the setpoint of the charging power.

It is advantageous here if the control algorithm includes a charging device model with an anti-wind-up feedback in order to take into account the at least one charging characteristic of the charging device when determining the setpoint of the charging power. The anti-wind-up feedback is preferably set up to be a difference between an input variable of a charging device model representing at least one charging characteristic of the charging device and an output variable of the charging device model from an input variable of a controller of the control algorithm rithm to subtract. This design allows the control quality to be significantly improved and power imports/exports from the supply network to be further reduced.

It is also advantageous if the control algorithm is set up to take into account additional performance information provided, in particular by means of a consumer model, when determining the setpoint value of the charging power, which represents a power consumption, in particular expected, for one or more consumers of the consumer system.

The consumer model can have expected services received for individual consumers for specified points in time or times or time windows, in particular on specified days of the week, optionally at specified months or seasons.

The anticipated services included by the consumer model may be based on one or more user inputs from one or more users. It is conceivable that power values for different times, days, months are entered using a user interface, for example based on estimated values for the consumer's respective power consumption (e.g. maximum values for the power according to a consumer data sheet).

As an alternative to a consumer model, sensory detection or measurement of a power actually consumed by the consumer system can also be provided. According to a further alternative, a power consumed by these consumers can be detected by sensors for one or more consumers of the consumer system and the power consumed by these consumers can be determined for one or more further consumers of the consumer system using a consumer model.

The consumer model can include a lookup table or be based on a data-based model such as Multilayer Perceptron. The lookup table is particularly user-friendly.

The consumer model can be part of a software and/or hardware module of the computing unit. It is also conceivable that the consumer model is implemented away from the computing unit, for example in a cloud computing environment. In this case, the power determined using the consumer model is transferred to the computing unit. Due to the increased storage resources caused by the cloud computing environment, high-time resolution consumer models can also be realized.

This configuration allows reproducible processes in electrical consumers, especially in private households, to be taken into account when photovoltaic surplus charging, thereby increasing the quality of the control.

• - der Ladeeinrichtung zusätzliche Leistung mittels einer Leistungsversorgungseinheit bereitgestellt wird, wenn der Sollwert der ermittelten Ladeleistung größer ist als eine Differenz zwischen der von dem Photovoltaiksystem bereitgestellten Leistung und der mittels des Verbrauchersystems abgenommenen Leistung, oder
• - einer Leistungsabnahmeeinheit zusätzliche Leistung mittels der Ladeeinrichtung bereitgestellt wird, wenn der Sollwert der ermittelten Ladeleistung kleiner ist als die Differenz zwischen der von dem Photovoltaiksystem bereitgestellten Leistung und der mittels des Verbrauchersystems abgenommenen Leistung.

It is also advantageous if the method includes a step of charging the battery of the vehicle with the setpoint of the determined charging power by means of the charging device, in particular only then

• - additional power is provided to the charging device by means of a power supply unit if the setpoint of the determined charging power is greater than a difference between the power provided by the photovoltaic system and the power taken by the consumer system, or
• - Additional power is provided to a power consumption unit by means of the charging device if the setpoint of the determined charging power is smaller than the difference between the power provided by the photovoltaic system and the power taken by the consumer system.

That is, in other words, in the event that the setpoint of the determined charging power, which represents a calculated surplus of available power provided by the photovoltaic system, deviates from the actually available surplus, or there is no surplus at all either additional power is provided by the power supply unit to the charging device or power is provided by the charging device to the power consumption unit. The power consumption unit and/or power consumption unit can be a local storage unit, for example an electrical storage unit such as a battery. It is also conceivable that the power consumption unit and/or power consumption unit is designed as an electrical supply network, fed by one or more power plants. This configuration ensures that the vehicle is actually charged with the target value of the determined charging power, regardless of whether the actual excess power corresponds to the determined excess power.

Also advantageous is a computer program product or computer program with program code, which can be stored on a machine-readable carrier or storage medium such as a semiconductor memory, a hard drive memory or an optical memory and for carrying out, implementing and / or controlling the steps of the method according to one of the methods described above NEN embodiments is used, in particular if the program product or program is executed on a computer or a computing unit.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings.

Show this

• 1 a schematic representation of an electrical network for a photovoltaic surplus charging of a vehicle;
• 2 a block diagram of a controlled system;
• 3 a block diagram of a control loop according to an embodiment;
• 4 a block diagram of a control loop according to an alternative embodiment;
• 5 a flowchart of a method for determining a charging power for charging a battery of a vehicle.

1 shows a schematic representation of an electrical network that enables photovoltaic excess charging of a battery-electric vehicle 30, for example on a residential building 10.

A charging device 12 designed as a wallbox 12, a photovoltaic system 14 with photovoltaic modules 16 and an inverter 18, and a consumer system 20 with one or more electrical consumers are arranged on the residential building 10. Furthermore, the residential building 10 includes an electrical distribution unit 22.

The photovoltaic system 14 is designed to provide electrical power generated by the photovoltaic modules 16 and converted into alternating current by means of the inverter 18 to the consumer system 20, the charging device 12 and / or to a supply network 26 that electrically connects the residential building 10 to a power plant. For this purpose, the distribution unit 22 comprises a plurality of electrical interfaces which are designed to provide an electrical connection between the distribution unit 22 and the inverter 18, between the distribution unit 22 and the consumer system 20, between the distribution unit 22 and the charging device 12 and between the distribution unit 22 and the supply network 26 to enable. According to the present exemplary embodiment, the charging device 10 is electrically connected to the photovoltaic system 14 and the consumer system 20 indirectly via the distribution unit 22.

The charging device 12 is assigned a computing unit 28, which can be arranged on the charging device 12, in particular integrated into the charging device 12. It is also conceivable that the computing unit 28 is arranged away from the charging device 12, for example within the residential building, or is part of a cloud computing environment.

The computing unit 28 is set up to determine a target value of a charging power for charging a battery 32 of the vehicle 30 using the charging device 12. For this purpose, the computing unit 28 includes a processor, a storage medium with a computer program, and at least one communication interface. The computer program includes commands which, when executed by the processor, cause a target value of a charging power for charging the battery 32 of the vehicle 30 to be determined according to the method described below.

For this purpose, the computing unit 28 is set up to receive performance information regarding a difference between an actual value of a power provided by the photovoltaic system 14 and an actual value of a power taken by means of the consumer system 20 and an actual value of a charging power provided by means of the charging device 12 for charging the battery 32 of the vehicle 30 to read in. Furthermore, the computing unit 28 is set up to determine the target value of the charging power based on the read power information using a control algorithm. Here, the determined target value of the charging power represents an excess of the power provided in order to charge the battery 32 of the vehicle 30 with the determined charging power using the charging device 12.

2 shows a block diagram of a controlled system 34 on which the charging of the vehicle 30 is based with the determined charging power. The controlled variable or control intervention of the controlled system 34 is the charging power P _batt,ref determined by the computing unit 28 and the controlled variable is one or one provided to the supply network 26 Power purchased by means of the supply network or exported into the supply network is assigned to P _grid .

Here, the power P _grid , which is exported into the supply network 26 or imported from the supply network 26, corresponds, in simplified terms, to a difference between a power P _solar provided by the photovoltaic system 16 and the charging power P _batt , by means of which the battery 32 of the vehicle 30 is charged , as well as the power P _consumer consumed by the consumer system 20, which corresponds to the current consumption of all other electrical devices in the residential building 10: $$P_{Grid}=P_{sOlar}-P_{batt}-P_{cOnsumer}$$

Furthermore, the controlled system 34 takes into account a first charging property 36 of the charging device 12 and a second charging property 38 of the charging device 12.

The first charging property 36 represents a maximum charging power of the charging device 12, which can be provided by the charging device 12 for charging the battery 32 of the vehicle 30, for example 11 kW. The charging device 12 is set up to charge the battery 32 of the vehicle 30 with the maximum charging power if the determined charging power P _batt,ref exceeds the maximum charging power.

It is also conceivable that the first charging property 36 additionally represents a maximum negative charging power of the charging device 12, which can be maximally absorbed by the battery 32 of the vehicle 30 by means of the charging device 12 and made available to the consumer system 20. In this way, using the control algorithm presented, power consumed by the consumer system 20 can also be covered from the battery 32 of the vehicle as an alternative or in addition to the photovoltaic system 14 if there is not enough solar power available.

The second charging property 38 represents predetermined charging power levels of the charging device 12, according to which the charging power that can be provided for charging the battery 32 of the vehicle 30 is discretized, for example 1.4 kW, 3.7 kW, 7.4 kW, 11 kW. The charging device 12 is set up to charge the battery 32 of the vehicle 30 with a charging power which deviates minimally in magnitude or positively or negatively from the determined charging power.

That is, in other words, the controlled system 34 takes into account typical non-linear characteristics of the charging device 12 such as power limitations and quantization steps for voltage and charging current. The non-linear properties of the charging device 12 or wallbox 12 preferably include a quantization of the charging current or the charging power and a lower limit at zero (i.e. no feedback from the vehicle 30 into the charging device 12 or into an electrical network of the residential building 10) as well as a upper limit, which is given by an electrical design of the charging device 12.

dargestellt werden, wobei die im Allgemeinen nichtlineare Funktion Q die Eingangsgröße P_batt,ref auf die Ausgangsgröße P_batt abbildet.A generally non-linear dependence of the charging power P _batt on the charging power P _batt,ref can be mathematically expressed as a function $$P_{batt}=Q\left(P_{batt,ref}\right)$$

are represented, whereby the generally nonlinear function Q maps the input variable P _batt,ref to the output variable P _batt .

3 shows a block diagram of a control loop according to an embodiment. The control loop is provided in its entirety with the reference number 40 and includes a control algorithm 42 that can be implemented, for example, as software, and the controlled system 34 according to 2 .

According to this embodiment, the control algorithm 42 includes an integral controller. It is also conceivable that the control algorithm 42 includes an alternative controller with an integral component, for example a proportional-integral controller (PI controller) or a proportional-integral-derivative controller (PID controller).

auf einen vorgegebenen Sollwert, insbesondere $P_{grid}^d=0$

zu regeln, um möglichst keine Leistung aus dem Versorgungsnetz 26 zukaufen zu müssen.The control algorithm 42 is set up, the controlled variable $P_{Grid}^d$

to a predetermined target value, in particular $P_{Grid}^d=0$

to regulate in order to avoid having to buy any power from the supply network 26.

mittels des Regelalgorithmus 42 auf einen vorgegebenen Sollwert $P_{grid}^d>0$

geregelt wird. Dadurch kann die nächsthöhere Leistungsstufe der Ladeeinrichtung 12 angewählt werden, so dass die mittels des Photovoltaiksystems 14 bereitgestellte Solarleistung durch geringe Mengen aus dem Versorgungsnetz 26 zugekaufter Leistung vollständig für das Laden der Batterie 32 des Fahrzeugs 30 genutzt werden kann.It is also conceivable that the controlled variable $P_{Grid}^d$

using the control algorithm 42 to a predetermined target value $P_{Grid}^d>0$

is regulated. This allows the next higher power level of the charging device 12 to be selected, so that the solar power provided by the photovoltaic system 14 can be fully used for charging the battery 32 of the vehicle 30 using small amounts of power purchased from the supply network 26.

The control algorithm 42 further includes a charging device model 44 with anti-wind-up feedback. The charging device model 44 represents at least one charging property of the charging device 12, preferably the first charging property 36 and the second charging property 38. For example, the charging device model 44 can include or be set up the function Q described above, a mathematical mapping according to the one described above Execute function Q.

The anti-wind-up feedback is set up to subtract a difference between an input variable of the charging device model 44 and an output variable of the charging device model 44 from an input variable of the integral controller. That is, in other words, an output of the charging device model 44 is subtracted from an input of the charging device model 44 and then connected negatively again to an input of the integrator.

So, typical, in particular non-linear, properties or features of the charging device 12 can already be explicitly taken into account in the control algorithm 42 by means of the charging device model 44 and the anti-wind-up feedback. This prevents the integral component in the controller from continuing to run when the charging device 12 is, for example, at its performance limit. This also makes it possible for no switching process to occur from a first to a second power level of the charging device 12 if a value of the manipulated variable lies between two power levels.

4 shows a block diagram of a control loop according to an alternative embodiment. The control circuit is provided in its entirety with the reference number 40' and includes a control algorithm 42' that can be implemented, for example, as software, and the controlled system 34 according to 2 .

The control algorithm 42 'represents a time-discrete implementation and data processing of the control algorithm 42 according to 3 , further supplemented by a consumer model.

mit der vorstehend beschriebenen Funktion Q und P_batt = Q(P_batt,ref).In this time-discrete implementation, after a sampling step or first step, the control algorithm 42' is executed $$P_{Grid}=P_{cOnsumer}-P_{sOlar}-Q\left(P_{Grid}^d+P_{cOnsumer}-P_{sOlar}\right)$$

with the function Q described above and P _batt = Q(P _batt,ref ).

unter Berücksichtigung der Ladeeigenschaften der Ladeeinrichtung 12 zu minimieren. Für den Fall, dass die Leistungsstufen der Ladeeinrichtung 12 bezüglich der in der jeweiligen Leistungsstufe bereitgestellten Ladeleistung sehr geringe Abstände aufweisen und ferner die ermittelte Ladeleistungen innerhalb von Leistungsgrenzen der Ladeeinrichtung 12 liegt, gilt näherungsweise $$Q\left(P_{grid}^d+P_{consumer}-P_{solar}\right)\approx P_{grid}^d+P_{consumer}-P_{solar}.$$

Folglich gilt mit obiger Gleichung nach dem Abtastschritt $P_{grid}=P_{grid}^d.$

In this time-discrete implementation, the control algorithm 42 'is set up to produce a difference between a power P _grid taken or purchased from the supply network 26 and a setpoint of the power taken from the supply network 26 $P_{Grid}^d$

to minimize taking into account the charging properties of the charging device 12. In the event that the power levels of the charging device 12 have very small distances with respect to the charging power provided in the respective power level and furthermore the determined charging power is within the performance limits of the charging device 12, the following applies approximately $$Q\left(P_{Grid}^d+P_{cOnsumer}-P_{sOlar}\right)\approx P_{Grid}^d+P_{cOnsumer}-P_{sOlar}.$$

Consequently, the above equation applies after the sampling step $P_{Grid}=P_{Grid}^d.$

so dass für einen bevorzugten Sollwert $P_{grid}^d=0$

die mittels des Photovoltaiksystems 14 bereitgestellte Leistung abzüglich der mittels des Verbrauchersystems 20 aufgenommenen Leistung zum Laden der Batterie 32 des Fahrzeugs bereitgestellt wird.Then the following applies $P_{batt}=P_{Grid}^d-P_{cOnsumer}+P_{sOlar},$

so that for a preferred setpoint $P_{Grid}^d=0$

the power provided by the photovoltaic system 14 minus the power consumed by the consumer system 20 is provided for charging the battery 32 of the vehicle.

The consumer model includes a service that is expected to be purchased for one or more consumers of the consumer system 20, in particular for one or more predetermined points in time. The consumer model includes information regarding a, in particular expected, purchased service P _consumer,prd of one or more, in particular a totality, of the consumers of the consumer system for one or more predetermined points in time or time windows or periods. For this purpose, the consumer model includes, for example, a lookup table. The lookup table can show expected services for individual consumers, such as heat pumps, stoves, ovens, dishwashers, etc. for specified times or times or time windows. Such large consumers in a household have a certain probability of having a reproducible power consumption or power requirement at certain times.

Furthermore, the lookup table can show expected services for individual or all consumers for specified points in time or times or time windows on specified days of the week. This makes it possible to take into account that power consumption or performance requirements can differ, for example, between working days and weekend days.

Furthermore, the lookup table can have expected recorded services for individual or all consumers for predetermined points in time or times or time windows on predetermined days of the week in predetermined months or seasons. This allows seasonal differences to be taken into account.

According to a further embodiment, the power actually consumed by the consumer system can be determined from a measurement of the power P _grid taken from the electrical supply network or delivered to the electrical supply network, for example at a house connection point. For this purpose, the charging power P _batt determined according to the present investigation procedure and the power P _solar provided by the photovoltaic system are deducted from the power P _grid . It is then possible to calculate the power consumed by the consumer system P _consumer = P _solar - P _batt - P _grid or a difference between consumer power and solar power P _consumer - P _solar = -P _batt - P _grid , if P _solar is not known is.

In the case of an adaptive consumer model, existing values in individual cells of a lookup table are replaced by new values if, for example, a new power value P _consumer or a new value for a power difference P _consumer - P _solar has been determined at a certain time. According to this embodiment, the consumer model, in particular the lookup table, includes expected power differences between the power P _consumer consumed by the consumer system and the power P _solar provided by the photovoltaic system. This is particularly advantageous if the expected performance of the consumer system is not or barely known, for example because consumer behavior of a consumer using the consumer system is not known.

An associated adaptation speed of replacing old with new power values can be selected such that power consumption, which is based in particular on reproducible processes in a household, can be reliably recorded.

It is also conceivable that the, in particular adaptive, consumer model represents a difference P _consumer - P _solar between consumer power and solar power. In this case, existing values for the difference P _consumer - P _solar in individual cells of a lookup table are replaced by new values for the difference P _consumer - P _solar , for example if a new power value P _consumer - P _solar is determined at a certain time has been. This not only shows typical consumption trends over time, day, month, etc., but also directly shows the difference between consumer power and solar power.

By means of the, in particular adaptive, consumer model, actual disturbances in the controlled system can be compensated for by an additional software function, so that the setpoint of the charging power is regulated with a higher quality.

5 shows a flowchart of the method 100 for determining a target value of a charging power for charging a battery of a vehicle using a charging device. The charging device can be electrically connected, in particular connected, to a photovoltaic system and a consumer system.

In step 110, performance information is read in, which represents a difference between actual values of a power provided by the photovoltaic system and a power taken by the consumer system and a charging power provided by the charging device for charging the battery of the vehicle.

In step 120, the desired value of the charging power is determined based on the performance information using a control algorithm by means of a computing unit, wherein the determined desired value of the charging power represents an excess of the power provided.

In step 130, the battery of the vehicle is charged with the determined target value of the charging power using the charging device. In particular, additional power is provided to the charging device by means of a power supply unit if the setpoint of the determined charging power is greater than a power difference between a power provided by the photovoltaic system and a power taken by the consumer system. Alternatively, additional power is provided to a power consumption unit by means of the charging device if the determined target value of the charging power is smaller than the power difference between the power provided by the photovoltaic system and the power taken by the consumer system.

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102013002078 A1 [0004]

Claims (11)

Method (100) for determining a target value of a charging power for charging a battery (32) of a vehicle (30) by means of a charging device (12), wherein the charging device (12) can be electrically connected to a photovoltaic system (14) and a consumer system (20). , in particular, is associated with the following steps: - Reading in (110) performance information, which is a difference between actual values of a power provided by the photovoltaic system (14) and a power taken by the consumer system (20) and a power taken by the charging device (12) for charging the battery (32) of the vehicle (30) represents the charging power provided; and - Determining (120) the target value of the charging power based on the read power information using a control algorithm (42, 42') by means of a computing unit (28), the determined target value of the charging power representing an excess of the power provided in order to charge the battery (32 ) of the vehicle (30) with the determined target value of the charging power by means of the charging device (12). Procedure (100) according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the control algorithm (42, 42 ') is set up to determine the setpoint of the charging power taking into account at least one charging property (36, 38) of the charging device (12), the at least one charging property (36, 38) being selected off: Maximum charging power of the charging device (12), specified charging power levels of the charging device (12). Procedure (100) according to Claim 2 , characterized in that the control algorithm (42, 42 ') comprises a charging device model (44) with an anti-wind-up feedback in order to determine the at least one charging property (36, 38) of the charging device (12) when determining the setpoint the charging power must be taken into account. Method (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control algorithm (42, 42 ') is set up to take into account further performance information provided, in particular by means of a consumer model, when determining the setpoint value of the charging power, which, in particular, is likely to be represents purchased power for one or more consumers of the consumer system (20). Method (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control algorithm (42, 42 ') is a controller with an integral component, in particular an integral controller, a proportional-integral controller or a proportional-integral-derivative controller , includes. Method (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a step (140) of charging the battery (32) of the vehicle (30) with the setpoint of the determined charging power by means of the charging device (12), wherein - the charging device (12) additional Power is provided by means of a power supply unit (24) if the setpoint of the determined charging power is greater than a difference between the actual values of the power provided by the photovoltaic system (14) and the power taken by means of the consumer system (20), or - a power consumption unit (24 ) additional power is provided by means of the charging device (12) if the setpoint of the determined charging power is smaller than the difference between the actual values of the power provided by the photovoltaic system (14) and the power taken by the consumer system (20). Computing unit (28) for determining a target value of a charging power for charging a battery (32) of a vehicle (30) by means of a charging device (12), the charging device (12) being electrically connectable to a photovoltaic system (14) and a consumer system (20). is and the computing unit (28) is set up, - read in performance information, which is a difference between actual values of a power provided by the photovoltaic system (14) and a power taken by the consumer system (20) and a power taken by the charging device (12) for charging the battery (32) of the vehicle (32) represents the charging power provided, and - to determine the setpoint of the charging power based on the performance information using a control algorithm (42, 42 '), wherein the setpoint of the determined charging power represents an excess of the power provided in order to charge the battery (32) of the vehicle (30) with the determined Setpoint of the charging power to be charged using the charging device (12). Charging device (12) for charging a battery (32) of a vehicle, wherein the charging device (12) - can be electrically connected, in particular connected, to a photovoltaic system (14) and a consumer system (20), - a computing unit (28) according to Claim 7 comprises, and - is designed to charge the battery (32) of the vehicle (30) with the charging power determined by the computing unit (28). System for charging a battery (32) of a vehicle, the system comprising a charging device (12) which is electrically connectable, in particular connected, to a photovoltaic system (14) and a consumer system (20) and a computing unit (28). Claim 8 comprises, wherein - the computing unit (28) is arranged away from the charging device (12) and - the charging device (12) is designed to charge the battery (32) of the vehicle (30) with the charging power determined by the computing unit (28). Computer program which, when executed on a computer or a computing unit (28), is set up to carry out all steps of a method (100) according to one of Claims 1 until 6 to carry out and/or control. Machine-readable storage medium with a computer program stored on it Claim 10 .

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