DE102022121914A1 - Heat and cold storage with countercurrent heat exchanger - Google Patents

Abstract

A heat storage and exchanger has a first fluid line, a second fluid line, a heat exchanger and a storage container. The heat exchanger is designed to transfer heat between the first fluid line and the second fluid line. The storage container is designed to hold a thermal storage medium. At least a portion of the heat exchanger is disposed in the storage container to enable transfer of heat between the heat exchanger and the thermal storage medium.

Description

AREA

The invention relates to the technical field of thermal energy storage and in particular to a heat or cold storage with an integrated countercurrent heat exchanger and a system with a heat storage and a cold storage.

BACKGROUND

The energy hitting the roof of a building is regularly sufficient to cover the building's energy needs, at least on an annual average. For this purpose, a photovoltaic system with photovoltaic modules can be used to generate electrical power and/or with a photothermal system to generate hot water, and the energy obtained can be supplied to consumers in the building.

Furthermore, additional variable energy sources may be available for use in a building, such as waste heat from a refrigeration machine or electricity generated from a wind turbine. In particular, heat pumps of various designs are regularly used, for example in single-family homes and apartment buildings, in order to make low-temperature heat sources usable.

However, the problem in all of the above-mentioned cases is that corresponding (renewable) energy production and energy consumption by private households or industrial complexes often differ in time, both in the short term and seasonally. In particular, renewable energy production potential is regularly higher in summer than in winter, for example through photovoltaics or photothermal energy, although there is significantly increased energy consumption in winter, especially for heating and domestic hot water.

One way to decouple the consumption and production of energy is through thermal energy storage. These can temporarily store the energy generated in cold or heat storage in the short to long term in order to compensate for different times of energy production and energy consumption.

Conventional heat storage (or cold storage) includes multi-zone storage, through the central area of which a heat exchanger for introducing the heat (or cold) extends. Spatially separated from this, several heat exchangers for removing the heat (or cold) in the heat storage (or cold storage) are arranged in the outer area at different heights.

OVERVIEW

The heat storage (or cold storage) known from the prior art are not optimized for use in a system with a photovoltaic system and/or a heat pump. It is an object of the invention to provide a heat storage (or cold storage) that is optimized for use in a system with a photovoltaic system and/or a heat pump.

This object is achieved according to the invention by a heat storage and exchanger with the features of claim 1, a use of the heat storage and exchanger with the features of claim 11 or 12, a system with the features of claim 13 or 18, a method with the features of Claim 19 or 25, a computer program with the features of claim 29, a local heating network with the features of claim 30 and a local heating network system with the features of claim 32 solved. Embodiments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.

According to a first aspect, a heat storage and exchanger has a first fluid line, a second fluid line, a heat exchanger and a storage container. The heat exchanger is designed to transfer heat between the first fluid line and the second fluid line. The storage container is designed to hold a thermal storage medium. At least a portion of the heat exchanger is disposed in the storage container to enable transfer of heat between the heat exchanger and the thermal storage medium.

A highly integrated heat storage and exchanger can thus be provided, which makes it possible to transfer heat from a solar system and, if this is currently being operated, a heat pump into the storage container by means of the heat exchanger. If the heat pump is not currently in operation, the heat storage and exchanger can continue to operate unchanged in order to continue to transfer the heat from the solar system to the heat storage and exchanger.

For this purpose, the solar system or the heat pump can be connected to the first or second fluid line. The need for further adjustments, for example with regard to electrical connections, can thus be avoided.

Furthermore, as a result of its arrangement in the storage container, the heat exchanger can enable effective heat transfer between the first and the second fluid line, for example between the photovoltaic system and a cold side of the heat pump. The effective heat transfer is in particular a consequence of the generous space available in the storage container, due to which the heat exchanger can be designed, for example as a double-tube heat exchanger, with a large contact area between the first and the second fluid line. In conventional systems, however, there is usually no heat exchanger provided that would enable direct and effective heat transfer between the first and second fluid lines or between the heat pump and the photovoltaic system.

In some embodiments, the heat exchanger is largely arranged in the storage container. For example, the heat exchanger can be arranged in the storage container for at least half, at least two thirds, or at least three quarters of its length. Alternatively or additionally, the heat exchanger can be arranged in the storage container to at least half, at least two-thirds, or at least three-quarters of its volume.

The thermal storage medium may comprise or be a liquid, in particular at room temperature. For example, the thermal storage medium can comprise water, for example in a volume fraction of at least half, at least two-thirds, or at least three-quarters.

However, those skilled in the art will understand that various thermal storage media can be used, which need not be limited to heat storage by changing the temperature of the solid/liquid storage medium. For example, a phase change material for storing thermal energy as latent energy, thermochemical storage media, or a salt dehydration storage for isolation-free long-term storage can also be accommodated in the storage container.

In some embodiments, the heat exchanger is set up as a countercurrent heat exchanger.

In corresponding embodiments, the effectiveness of the heat transfer between the first and second fluid lines or between the heat pump and the photovoltaic system can be further improved.

The heat exchanger can have a multiple-tube heat exchanger, a double-tube heat exchanger, a plate heat exchanger or a tube bundle heat exchanger or can be designed as such.

The first fluid line and the second fluid line may be in direct contact in the heat exchanger and/or over a range of at least 0.5 m or at least 1 m or at least 2 m.

In corresponding embodiments, the effectiveness of the heat transfer between the first and second fluid lines or between the heat pump and the photovoltaic system can be further improved. Corresponding embodiments can be made possible by arranging the heat exchanger in the storage container.

In some embodiments, the storage container is a cistern storage. Alternatively or additionally, the storage container can have a volume for the thermal storage medium of at least 1 m ³ or at least 2 m ³ or at least 3 m ³ . Alternatively or additionally, the storage container can be set up for an underground arrangement.

In particular, the heat storage and exchanger can be designed to be in one piece, i.e. H. with the heat exchanger arranged therein, to be arranged at least partially in the ground. After being partially inserted into the ground, connections for the first and second fluid lines can protrude upwards from the ground and be available for connecting the photovoltaic system and heat pump, so that an overall system can be implemented quickly, efficiently and cost-effectively.

In corresponding embodiments, the storage container may provide sufficient storage capacity to store enough heat (or cold) to cover fluctuations in a building's demand over periods of months, particularly seasonal fluctuations.

In some embodiments, the first fluid line and/or the second fluid line is configured to pass through an upper surface of the thermal storage medium at least once or at least twice when the thermal storage medium is arranged in the storage container. Alternatively or additionally, the first fluid line and/or the second fluid line can pass through the storage container at least once or at least twice in the uppermost quarter of its height extent, in particular in the uppermost fifth of its height extent or at its top.

Corresponding embodiments can simplify the connection of the heat storage and exchanger to other components of the system, in particular when the heat storage and exchanger is arranged in the ground, in which, for example, the uppermost quarter, the uppermost fifth or the top of the storage container protrude from the ground.

In some embodiments, the heat storage and exchanger is located in an outdoor area (i.e., relative to a building), for example above ground or below ground in an area surrounding an adjacent building. In other words, the heat exchanger cannot be located in a building.

The heat storage and exchanger can be coupled to an associated heat storage that is arranged in a building. For example, in embodiments in which the heat storage and exchanger is set up as an ice storage or latent heat storage, the associated heat storage can be a cold storage. Alternatively or additionally (in addition, for example in embodiments in which the heat storage and exchanger forms a second heat storage and exchanger), the associated heat storage can be a multi-zone storage.

In some embodiments, the first fluid line and/or the second fluid line is configured to evaporate and/or condense a refrigerant therein.

In some embodiments, the heat storage and exchanger has at least one additional heat exchanger.

The at least one additional heat exchanger can be set up for thermal coupling to the thermal storage medium and/or can be arranged in the storage container, in particular spatially separated from the heat exchanger.

The additional heat exchanger can enable heat transfer between the storage container or the thermal storage medium arranged therein and a consumer, or a heat transfer between the storage container or the thermal storage medium arranged therein and another heat source or heat storage device such as a geothermal collector.

In some embodiments, the at least one additional heat exchanger has at least one inlet/outlet line or at least two inlet/outlet lines.

The at least one inlet/outlet line or the at least two inlet/outlet lines may or may be configured to pass through an upper surface of the thermal storage medium when the thermal storage medium is arranged in the storage container.

The at least one inlet/outlet line or the at least two inlet/outlet lines can or can pass through the storage container in the uppermost quarter of its height extent, in particular in the uppermost fifth of its height extent or at its top.

Corresponding embodiments can simplify the connection of the heat storage and exchanger to other components of the system, in particular when the heat storage and exchanger is arranged in the ground, in which, for example, the uppermost quarter, the uppermost fifth or the top of the storage container protrude from the ground.

A geothermal collector can be thermally coupled to the heat storage and exchanger. In some such embodiments, the geothermal collector may be spatially separated from the heat storage and exchanger and, for example, thermally coupled to the heat storage and exchanger by a fluid line.

In particular, an additional heat exchanger of the at least one additional heat exchanger can be coupled to the geothermal heat collector, in particular in order to thermally couple the geothermal heat collector to the heat storage and heat exchanger.

A geothermal collector includes heat transfer line loops, which usually run essentially horizontally in the ground near the surface in order to exchange heat between the adjacent ground and a heat transfer medium. Accordingly, thermal energy can be stored in or taken from the geothermal collector by a flow of a heat transfer medium through the heat transfer line loops depending on the respective temperatures.

The geothermal collector can be arranged laterally to the storage container.

The storage container can represent an energy-storing component with a high energy storage density, which can be thermally charged or discharged relatively quickly. Heat losses from the storage container can increase the temperature of the surrounding soil, which is also used as an energy source by the geothermal collector located on the side can be. Accordingly, an insulation requirement for the storage container can be comparatively low, so that it can be manufactured with structurally simple measures. For example, the storage container can be provided by a concrete boundary, while heat transfer loops can be laid in the surrounding soil.

In preferred embodiments, the heat storage and exchanger comprises a valve arrangement in order to selectively guide a heat transfer medium through the storage container in a first position or to connect the storage container and the geothermal heat collector in series in a second position, with a control device being set up to move the valve arrangement from the first position to switch to the second position when a stored amount of energy in the storage container is above an energy threshold value.

The heat storage and exchanger can have at least two or at least three additional heat exchangers.

The at least two or at least three additional heat exchangers can be arranged at different heights in the storage container.

In corresponding embodiments, the heat storage and exchanger can implement a multi-zone heat storage. In other words, the multiple heat exchangers at different heights can be used to provide heating water and service water at different temperatures, for example.

A multi-zone heat storage design can be particularly advantageous for storing heat that is provided at high temperatures, i.e. H. as a high-temperature heat storage. The design as a multi-zone heat storage can, for example, make it possible to provide a temperature of at least 60°C in the upper area, which prevents the formation of legionella and enables the provision of service water.

The storage container can be set up as an ice storage.

For example, the storage container can have a pressure compensation vessel. In particular, a gas volume of the pressure compensation vessel can be at least 8% of a volume of the storage container for the thermal storage medium, for example if the thermal storage medium is in the liquid state.

Alternatively or additionally, the heat storage and exchanger can have a circulation device such as a circulation pump and/or an agitator, which is set up to circulate the thermal storage medium in the storage container. The circulation device can be arranged in the thermal storage container. The circulation device can be set up to generate a flow, particularly in the area of the heat exchanger.

The heat storage and exchanger can have a flow channel. The flow channel can be arranged in the thermal storage container. The flow channel can be arranged in such a way that it specifies a direction towards the heat exchanger and/or limits the flow generated by the circulation device. The flow channel can enclose at least a portion of the generated flow and/or the heat exchanger and/or the circulation device.

The flow channel can have a first tube, for example an outer tube.

The first tube may enclose a portion of the heat exchanger and/or a portion of the generated flow and/or the circulation device; in particular to limit the flow generated to the outside and/or to specify the direction towards the heat exchanger. The first tube can enclose at least a portion of the generated flow and/or the heat exchanger and/or the circulation device. The first tube may be concentric with the double tube heat exchanger.

The flow channel can be a second pipe, e.g. B. have an inner tube. The second tube can limit the flow generated inwards, in particular in order to specify the direction towards the heat exchanger. The second tube can be enclosed by at least a portion of the flow generated and/or the heat exchanger. The second tube may be concentric with the heat exchanger and/or with the first tube.

Embodiments for use as ice storage, e.g. B. with a pressure compensation vessel, circulation pump and / or agitator, can be used in a particularly advantageous manner for storing thermal energy or heat at low temperatures, ie as a low-temperature heat storage. Corresponding embodiments can further increase the storage capacity of the heat storage and exchanger by utilizing the latent heat during the phase transition of the thermal storage medium from the liquid state of aggregation to ice. In particular, ice can increase the storage capacity for cold. be ßert. Furthermore, the storage container can be arranged in the ground without there being a risk that the storage container will be damaged by a change in volume of the thermal storage medium in the event of frost or ice formation.

The storage container may have an upper jacket area and a lower jacket area.

The upper jacket area can have stronger thermal insulation between the inside and outside of the storage container than the lower jacket area.

Corresponding embodiments can make it possible to thermally couple the lower region of the storage container to an environment of the storage container, in particular to the surrounding soil, while the upper region of the storage container is thermally insulated. In particular, if the heat storage is designed as a multi-zone heat storage, the storage capacity can be increased at a lower temperature, which is associated with the lower region of the storage container, for example for heating water. At the same time, a higher temperature associated with the upper region can be kept high, for example for domestic water. Corresponding embodiments can therefore be particularly advantageous for use as high-temperature heat storage.

In some embodiments, the upper shell portion has a height that is at least half a height of the storage container.

In some embodiments, the lower jacket area has a height that is at least one fifth of the height of the storage container.

In some embodiments, the thermal storage medium is arranged in the storage container, and the thermal storage medium has a freezing point of at most -1 ° C or at most -2 ° C, in particular in embodiments for use as a low-temperature heat storage.

In corresponding embodiments, it can be ensured that when the temperature drops below 0°, water first freezes in an area surrounding the storage container, in particular in the soil surrounding the storage container, before the thermal storage medium freezes. Latent heat of the water in the environment, especially in the ground, can therefore be used to further increase the thermal storage capacity of the heat storage and exchanger. In addition, the risk of the storage container being damaged in the event of frost or ice formation due to a change in volume of the thermal storage medium can be reduced, especially at temperatures just below freezing point. By keeping the thermal storage medium in its liquid state, the thermal conductivity of the thermal storage medium and/or the transfer of heat between the thermal storage medium and the heat exchanger (e.g. by convection) can also be improved.

An expansion fluid can be arranged in the pressure compensation vessel.

The expansion fluid may have a freezing point that is lower than the freezing point of the thermal storage medium.

In corresponding embodiments, it can be ensured that the expansion liquid is in the liquid state when the thermal storage medium freezes (or melts) and the pressure compensation vessel can thus compensate for the change in volume when the thermal storage medium freezes (or melts).

The modifications that are described as particularly advantageous for the high-temperature heat storage and those that are described as particularly advantageous for the low-temperature heat storage can be formed on separate heat storage and exchangers, or on the same heat storage and exchanger. Typically, multiple heat storage and exchangers can be provided for a system, one of which can be optimized for use as a high-temperature heat storage and one as a low-temperature heat storage. This enables the optimization of heat storage and exchangers with regard to their respective application. A single model of heat storage and exchanger can be provided (for example in order to save costs during development), which is set up for use both as a high-temperature heat storage and as a low-temperature heat storage.

A second section of the heat exchanger can have thermal insulation from the thermal storage medium.

By being thermally insulated from the thermal storage medium, the second portion of the heat exchanger can provide a stronger thermal coupling between the first fluid line and the second fluid line than between the thermal storage medium and either one both fluid lines. The temperatures of fluids in the two fluid lines at one end of the second section can therefore be more closely aligned with one another than with the temperature of the thermal storage medium.

For example, one of the fluid lines may be coupled to a solar system to be cooled, and the other fluid line to a cold side of a heat pump, and the second section may allow the temperature of the cooling fluid for the solar system to be reduced below the temperature of the thermal storage medium.

The second section can be arranged at an end region of the heat exchanger.

The second section can in particular be arranged at an end region of the heat exchanger, from which the first fluid line leads to a heat pump. The corresponding second section allows the fluid in the first fluid line to be heated (or cooled) to a greater extent than would otherwise be the case (i.e. without the corresponding second section) in the heat storage and exchanger before it is led to the heat pump. For example, the first fluid line can lead from the end region of the heat exchanger to the cold side of the heat pump, and the temperature of the first fluid line (or the fluid therein) in the end region can be approximated to the temperature of the second fluid line (or the fluid therein), e.g . B. the second fluid line comes from a solar system and has a temperature that exceeds that of the thermal storage medium.

By allowing the fluid in the first fluid line to be heated to a greater extent before it is led to the cold side of the heat pump (or to be cooled to a greater extent before it is led to the warm side of the heat pump), a temperature difference between the fluids can be maintained arrive on the warm or cold side of the heat pump, i.e. H. between the first fluid line and the second fluid line (or the fluids therein) on the heat pump, can be minimized. This can improve the efficiency of the heat pump.

A portion of the first fluid line may have thermal contact (e.g., direct contact) with the thermal storage medium to transfer heat between the portion of the first fluid line and the thermal storage medium. Alternatively or additionally, the section of the first fluid line can be arranged in a region of the storage container for the thermal storage medium, in particular in an uppermost section of the region of the storage container for the thermal storage medium.

The thermal contact of the section of the first fluid line to the thermal storage medium can outweigh a thermal contact of the section of the first fluid line to the second fluid line, for example in amount or by a factor of 2 or 3 or 5, for example with regard to the relevant thermal conductivities. In other words, the section of the first fluid line can be thermally insulated from the second fluid line.

In particular, a heat storage and exchanger for use as a high-temperature heat storage can have a corresponding section of the first fluid line.

Corresponding embodiments can particularly advantageously promote the entry of heat from the first fluid line directly into the thermal storage medium. This can be particularly advantageous for a multi-zone heat storage or for a high-temperature heat storage, for example if the first fluid line coming from a warm side of a heat pump is set up to transfer the heat from the heat pump (i.e. from its warm side) into the multi-zone heat storage or the high-temperature to introduce heat storage. For example, the corresponding section of the first fluid line can be arranged in the uppermost region of the storage container immediately after the first fluid line enters the storage container. Thus, the fluid coming from the heat pump through the first fluid line can release heat to the uppermost region of the storage container immediately after entering the storage container, i.e. at its highest possible temperature. This allows the temperature (e.g. of the thermal storage medium) in the uppermost area of the storage container to be effectively maximized, thus ensuring a supply of domestic water at a high temperature.

The section of the first fluid line can be at least partially arranged in the thermal storage container.

The section of the first fluid line can be arranged at an end region of the heat exchanger, in particular directly adjoining the end region of the heat exchanger.

The storage container can form a closed vessel for the thermal storage medium. Alternatively or additionally, the storage container can be set up to hold a liquid thermal storage medium.

Corresponding embodiments can ensure that the thermal storage medium is held in the storage container and thus the in Heat present in the thermal storage medium can be stored, for example to compensate for long-term or seasonal fluctuations in energy demand and/or supply.

The thermal storage medium can be arranged in the storage container. The thermal storage medium can be designed to provide an electrolyte for an electrochemical cell. The heat storage and exchanger can be set up to provide the thermal storage medium of the electrochemical cell in a fluid-coupled manner.

A second aspect relates to the use of the heat storage and exchanger described above as an underground heat storage.

The second aspect may include the use of the heat storage and exchanger described above as an underground heat storage for cooling a photovoltaic system. Alternatively or additionally, the second aspect may include the use of the heat storage and exchanger described above as an underground heat storage for absorbing heat during an evaporation process of a coolant of a heat pump.

The second aspect may include the use of the heat storage and exchanger described above as an underground heat storage for storing condensation heat of a refrigerant of a heat pump.

A third aspect relates to the use of the heat storage and exchanger described above as a countercurrent heat exchanger.

The countercurrent heat exchanger can be used in particular for heat exchange between a coolant of a heat pump and a liquid heat-conducting medium, wherein the liquid heat-conducting medium thermally couples the first or second fluid line to a photovoltaic system.

According to a fourth aspect, a system has a heat storage and exchanger as described above, and at least one control device. The at least one control device is set up to control a fluid flow through the first fluid line as a function of a first parameter, the first parameter being linked to the availability of electrical power.

The at least one control device can be set up to output a control signal for a heat pump depending on the first parameter.

Corresponding embodiments can enable the operation of the heat pump with high availability of electrical power, for example when a photovoltaic system produces a high electrical power, for example measured in relation to its peak power, or when the photovoltaic system produces an excess of electrical power, for example compared to consumption, that is associated with a building. In this situation, the high or excess electrical power can be stored as thermal energy in the heat storage and exchanger using the heat pump in order to be available for times when heat or energy availability is low. This means that a need for heat or energy can be met in times of low availability without having to resort to an additional (for example expensive or limitedly available) energy source, such as natural gas. In particular, the thermal energy can be stored at a low temperature and the temperature can be raised to a requested temperature level at a later time using a heat pump. Due to the low storage temperature, heat can be used at a correspondingly low temperature (e.g. from photothermal energy under otherwise unfavorable conditions). In addition, losses during storage can be reduced.

The heat exchanger can have a double-tube heat exchanger.

The first fluid line may include an inner tube of the double-tube heat exchanger.

The first fluid line can be designed to be coupled to the heat pump, in particular the first fluid line can be coupled to the heat pump.

The first parameter can be linked to an electrical power provided by a photovoltaic system.

The at least one control device can have or be at least one electrical control device, in particular at least one electrical control device, which is designed to receive and/or output electrical control signals.

In some embodiments, the at least one control device is a purely electrical control device, in particular without a mechanical device such as a valve or a pump.

In other embodiments, the at least one control device has at least one mechanical device that is configured to control a fluid flow, such as a valve or a pump. In particular, the at least one control device can include several or all mechanical devices for controlling the fluid flow.

The at least one control device can further be set up to control a fluid flow through the second fluid line depending on a second parameter.

The second parameter can be linked to a first temperature difference.

In corresponding embodiments, the control device can enable temperature control (i.e. heating or cooling) of a component that is connected to the second fluid line. For this purpose, the fluid flow through the second fluid line can be switched on when the second parameter indicates a temperature or a temperature difference within a target range suitable for temperature control. The fluid flow through the second fluid line can be switched off if the second parameter is outside the target range. The component to be tempered can be a solar system.

In the context of this description, a solar system can have a photovoltaic system and/or a photothermal system. In particular, a solar system can have a combined solar and photothermal system.

A first temperature of the first temperature difference can be linked to the storage container and/or the thermal storage medium.

A second temperature of the first temperature difference can be linked to a solar system and/or linked to a device that is thermally coupled to the second fluid line. In particular, the solar system can include the photovoltaic system.

The system can be set up to selectively couple the storage container and/or the thermal storage medium to a geothermal collector.

The optional coupling may refer to a coupling whose coupling strength, in particular thermal coupling strength, is controllable, in particular by controlling a fluid flow, for example by means of a pump or a valve.

The at least one control device can be set up to selectively couple the storage container and/or the thermal storage medium to the geothermal collector depending on a third parameter.

The third parameter can be linked to a second temperature difference.

A first temperature of the second temperature difference can be linked to the storage container and/or the thermal storage medium.

A second temperature of the second temperature difference can be linked to the geothermal collector.

Corresponding embodiments can make it possible to either transfer heat from the storage container or the thermal storage medium into the geothermal heat collector or to remove it from it. On the one hand, the geothermal collector can be used as an extension of the heat storage. On the other hand, especially in the event of a change, in particular an increase, in the outside temperature, the resulting heat available can be introduced into the storage container or the thermal storage medium by means of the geothermal heat collector and thus used.

The system can also have a second heat storage and exchanger. The second heat storage and exchanger may have a first fluid line, a second fluid line and a storage container. The storage container can be designed to hold a thermal storage medium.

The second heat storage and exchanger can be designed to enable heat to be transferred between the first fluid line and the thermal storage medium and between the second fluid line and the thermal storage medium.

The at least one control device can be set up to control a fluid flow through the first fluid line of the second heat storage and exchanger together with the fluid flow through the first fluid line of the heat storage and exchanger.

Corresponding embodiments can provide an optimized system for long-term storage of heat or cold in combination with a heat pump. For this purpose, the first fluid line of the heat storage and exchanger can be connected to one, e.g. B. cold, side of the heat pump can be coupled, and the first fluid line of the second heat storage and exchanger can be coupled to the second, for example warm, side of the heat pump.

Heat pump systems generate the same amount of cold energy when generating heat. Heat pump systems produce a groove As a cooling system, i.e. when producing cold, the same amount of heat energy is used. With conventional heat generation (conventional use as an air conditioning system), the cold energy (heat energy) is released into the environment as a waste product, e.g. air or groundwater.

In addition to heat generation, many buildings need, e.g. B. for heating or service water, also a cooling system, e.g. B. for air conditioning/building cooling or as photovoltaic cooling. However, the need for heat (e.g. in winter) and cold (e.g. for cooling in summer) often differs in time (e.g. seasonally). By using the two heat storage and exchangers and combining them in the system, the cold is stored during heat generation (or the heat when used as a cooling system) and made available for use as needed.

By using cold energy for heat generation and thermal energy for use as a cooling system, energy efficiency can be doubled compared to the conventional solution. This dual use can take place both locally, through suitable storage media, and on a district-by-district basis through introduction into heating and cooling networks.

By jointly controlling the fluid flows through the two first fluid lines, heat transfer from the heat storage and exchanger to the second heat storage and exchanger can be made possible in such embodiments. In other words, the thermal storage medium of the heat storage and exchanger is cooled and the thermal storage medium of the second heat storage and exchanger is heated (or vice versa). If the heat storage and exchangers are designed accordingly (for example their volumes), this can enable heat or cold to be stored over months or seasons.

The storage container (or the thermal storage medium contained therein) and/or the geothermal collector thermally coupled to the heat storage and exchanger can be set up as an energy-storing component of the heat storage and exchanger or can provide one or be referred to as such.

In other words, the heat storage and exchanger can have an energy-storing component. The energy-storing component can have or be the storage container and/or the geothermal collector thermally coupled to the heat storage and exchanger.

In yet other words, the storage container can be the energy-storing component of the heat storage and exchanger, or the geothermal collector thermally coupled to the heat storage and exchanger can be the energy-storing component of the heat storage and exchanger, or both can (i.e. together) be the energy-storing component of the Be a heat storage and exchanger.

A geothermal collector (for example another geothermal collector or spatially separate from the geothermal collector that is thermally coupled to the heat storage and exchanger) can be thermally coupled to the second heat storage and exchanger.

The second heat storage and exchanger may have an energy storage component, for example with properties that are similar to the properties of the energy storage component of the heat storage and exchanger described above, but related to the second heat storage and exchanger rather than to the heat storage and exchanger.

In some embodiments, a thermally insulating partition wall delimits earth areas, in particular adjacent earth areas, from one another. The thermally insulating partition can be arranged at least partially, in particular to a large extent (e.g. according to its height extent), below an earth's surface. The earth areas delimited from one another can each be assigned to a geothermal collector. In particular, one of the delimited earth areas can be assigned to the earth collector, which is thermally coupled to the (first) heat storage and exchanger, and another of the delimited earth areas can be assigned to the earth collector, which is thermally coupled to the second heat storage and exchanger.

In preferred embodiments, the energy-storing component of the first heat storage and exchanger (in particular its geothermal heat collector) adjoins the energy-storing component of the second heat storage and exchanger (in particular its geothermal heat collector) and is separated from the energy-storing one by a thermally insulating partition wall embedded in the ground Component of the second heat storage and exchanger (in particular from its geothermal collector).

For example, adjacent floor sections can each be equipped with geothermal collectors, and the thermally insulating partition can be between the heat transfer loops of the geothermal collector, which is thermally coupled to the first heat storage and exchanger, and the geothermal heat collector, which is thermally coupled to the second heat storage and exchanger, be embedded in the ground, so that in the energy-storing component of the first heat storage and exchanger (in particular in its geothermal heat collector) and the energy-storing component of the second heat storage and exchanger (in particular in whose geothermal collector) different temperatures can be provided.

In preferred embodiments, the energy-storing component of the heat storage and exchanger (in particular its geothermal collector) is separated from the surrounding soil by the thermally insulating partition wall.

A laterally circumferential insulating partition can make it possible to maintain a higher temperature level in the energy-storing component of the heat storage and exchanger (in particular its geothermal collector) for longer and/or with lower energy losses and thus enable seasonal storage of thermal energy in the energy-storing component of the heat storage and exchanger (especially in their geothermal collector) at an increased storage temperature. The thermally insulating partition can extend vertically over the lower end of the energy-storing component of the heat storage and exchanger (in particular over the lower end of its geothermal collector) down into the ground to define an isolated section of the energy-storing component (in particular of its geothermal collector). . The insulated section can be open at the bottom to utilize the heat capacity of the underlying soil.

The energy-storing component of the heat storage and exchanger (in particular its geothermal collector) can adjoin the energy-storing component of the second heat storage and exchanger (in particular its geothermal collector) and be separated from it by the thermally insulating partition. The thermally insulating partition should have a reduced thermal conductivity compared to the ground, in particular a thermal conductivity of less than 1 W/(m*K), preferably less than 0.5 W/(m*K), preferably less than 0.2 W /(m*K). The insulation can be perimeter insulation, which can be provided by panels in the ground, for example made of Styrodur, and/or can include sections of pourable insulation material, such as foam glass granules. In some embodiments, the thermally insulating partition is separated from the energy-storing components on both sides by the soil.

In some embodiments, the system further comprises an upper partition wall, which forms an upper boundary of the energy-storing component of the heat storage and exchanger (in particular of its geothermal heat collector) in order to thermally invert the energy-storing component of the heat storage and exchanger (in particular of its geothermal heat collector) in the vertical direction isolate. For example, the upper partition wall can be arranged below a floor slab of a building in order to reduce heat losses from the energy-storing component into the building.

In preferred embodiments, the system further comprises a lower partition, which forms a lower boundary of the energy-storing component of the heat storage and exchanger (in particular of its geothermal heat collector) in order to protect the energy-storing component of the heat storage and exchanger (in particular of its geothermal heat collector) in the vertical direction relative to the to thermally insulate the underlying soil.

The lower partition can improve insulation of the energy-storing component of the heat storage and exchanger (in particular its geothermal collector), so that its temperature level can be maintained for longer and/or with lower energy losses.

The system may include the heat pump.

The fluid flow through the first fluid line of the heat storage and exchanger can be designed to thermally connect the heat storage and exchanger to one side, e.g. B. to couple to a warm or cold side of the heat pump.

The fluid flow through the first fluid line of the second heat storage and exchanger can be designed to thermally connect the second heat storage and exchanger to one side, e.g. B. to couple to a complementary cold or warm side of the heat pump.

The heat pump can be set up to provide an output of at least 3 kW or at least 5 kW.

The system can have a solar system.

The system's heat storage and exchanger can provide at least one additional heat have exchangers, wherein one of the at least one additional heat exchanger is set up to thermally couple the solar system to the storage container and / or the thermal storage medium of the heat storage and exchanger, in particular in series with a geothermal heat collector.

An additional heat exchanger of the second heat storage and exchanger can be set up to thermally couple the solar system to the storage container and/or the thermal storage medium of the second heat storage and exchanger.

The second heat storage and exchanger may have any or all of the features described above in connection with the heat storage and exchanger of the first aspect.

In a fifth aspect, a system has a first heat storage and exchanger, a second heat storage and exchanger, a heat pump and a control device. The first heat storage and exchanger has a first fluid line, a second fluid line, a heat exchanger and a storage container. The heat exchanger is designed to transfer heat between the first fluid line and the second fluid line. The storage container is designed to hold a thermal storage medium. At least a portion of the heat exchanger is disposed in the storage container to enable transfer of heat between the heat exchanger and the thermal storage medium. The first heat storage and exchanger has a volume for its thermal storage medium of at least 2 m ³ and is at least partially arranged underground. The second heat storage and exchanger has a first fluid line, a second fluid line and a storage container that is designed to accommodate a thermal storage medium. The second heat storage and exchanger is designed to enable heat to be transferred between its first fluid line and its thermal storage medium and between its second fluid line and its thermal storage medium. The heat pump is set up to provide an output of at least 5 kW. A fluid flow through the first fluid line of the first heat storage and exchanger or the second heat storage and exchanger is designed to thermally couple the first heat storage and exchanger to a cold side of the heat pump. The fluid flow through the first fluid line of the other heat storage and exchanger is designed to thermally couple the other heat storage and exchanger to a warm side of the heat pump. The control device is set up to control an operating state of the heat pump, the fluid flow through the first fluid line of the first heat storage and the fluid flow through the first fluid line of the second heat storage together as a function of a first parameter, the first parameter being linked to an electrical power , which is provided by a photovoltaic system. The second fluid line of the first heat storage and exchanger and/or the second heat storage and exchanger is coupled to a solar system.

The other heat storage and exchanger may refer to the heat storage and exchanger or to the second heat storage and exchanger; in particular on that of the two in which the fluid flow through its first fluid line is not designed to thermally couple it to the cold side of the heat pump.

The thermal storage medium of the second heat storage and exchanger can be arranged in the storage container of the second heat storage and exchanger. The thermal storage medium arranged in the storage container of the second heat storage and exchanger can be designed to provide a second electrolyte for the electrochemical cell. The second heat storage and exchanger can be designed to provide the thermal storage medium of the electrochemical cell in a fluid-coupled manner.

The system may include the electrochemical cell, wherein the thermal storage medium of the first heat storage and exchanger and the thermal storage medium of the second heat storage and exchanger are fluidly coupled to the electrochemical cell; in particular, wherein the thermal storage medium of the first heat storage and exchanger and the thermal storage medium of the second heat storage and exchanger are fluidly coupled to different half cells of the electrochemical cell.

According to a sixth aspect, a method for producing an underground heat storage includes arranging at least a portion of a heat storage and exchanger in the ground. The heat storage and exchanger has a first fluid line, a second fluid line, a heat exchanger and a storage container. The heat exchanger is designed to transfer heat between the first fluid line and the second fluid line. The storage container is designed to hold a thermal storage medium. At least a portion of the heat exchanger is disposed in the storage container to enable transfer of heat between the heat exchanger and the thermal storage medium.

The method can further include thermally coupling the heat storage and exchange to the ground.

The method may further include setting up the heat exchanger as a countercurrent heat exchanger.

The method may further include coupling the first fluid line to a heat pump.

The method can further include thermally coupling the heat storage and exchanger to a first heating network, in particular to a first local heating network, in order to store heat or cold either from the heat storage and exchanger into the local heating network or from the local heating network into the heat storage and exchanger refer to. In particular, the heat storage and exchanger can be coupled in series with the geothermal collector and/or with the ground to the first heating network, in particular to the first local heating network.

The method may further include coupling a first fluid line of a second heat storage and exchanger to the heat pump.

The second heat storage and exchanger may have any or all of the features described above in connection with the second heat storage and exchanger of the fourth aspect.

The method can further include coupling the second heat storage and exchanger to a second heating network, in particular to a second local heating network, in particular wherein the second (local) heating network has a lower average temperature than the first (local) heating network. In particular, the second heat storage and exchanger can be coupled in series with its geothermal energy collector and/or with the soil surrounding it to the second heating network, in particular to the second local heating network.

For example, the first (local) heating network may be a high-temperature (local) heating network, and the second (local) heating network may be a low-temperature (local) heating network (in other words, a (local) cooling network).

A thermal insulation, in particular a thermally insulating partition, can be between an area of the first (local) heating network (e.g. the high-temperature (local) heating network) and an area of the second (local) heating network (e.g. the low-temperature (local) heating network or the (local) cooling network). In particular, the thermal insulation can be arranged at least partially underground or the thermal insulating partition can be an underground thermal insulating partition. For example, the thermal insulation or the thermally insulating partition between a geothermal collector (or an underground fluid line) of the first (local) heat network (e.g. the high-temperature (local) heat network) and a geothermal collector (or an underground fluid line) of the second ( Local heating network (e.g. the low-temperature (local) heating network or the (local) cooling network).

The method may further include coupling the second fluid line to a solar system.

The method may further include setting up a control device to receive or determine a first parameter, the first parameter being linked to an availability of electrical power.

The method may further include setting up the at least one control device to control a fluid flow through the first fluid line depending on the first parameter.

The heat storage and exchanger can have at least one additional heat exchanger.

The method may further include coupling a heat exchanger of the at least one additional heat exchanger to a geothermal heat collector.

The at least one additional heat exchanger may have one or all of the features of the at least one additional heat exchanger described above in connection with the heat storage and exchanger of the first aspect.

In embodiments where the method includes coupling the first fluid line to a heat pump, the method may further include coupling a first fluid line of a second heat storage and exchanger to the heat pump. In particular, in corresponding embodiments, the first fluid line of the heat storage and exchanger can be coupled to a cold side of the heat pump and the first fluid line of the second heat storage and exchanger can be coupled to a warm side of the heat pump. Alternatively, the first fluid line of the heat storage and exchanger can be coupled to the warm side of the heat pump and the first fluid line of the heat storage and exchanger can be coupled to the warm side of the heat pump.

The method can further include carrying out one or all of the method steps that relate to the heat storage and exchanger, correspondingly on the second heat storage and exchanger.

According to a seventh aspect, a method for operating a system comprising a heat storage and exchanger has at least two operating modes, and the method includes selectively executing one of the at least two operating modes. The first operating mode includes operating the heat pump with a first heat pump output and generating a fluid flow through the first fluid line to transfer heat between the heat pump and the thermal storage medium. The second operating mode includes operating the heat pump with a second heat pump output that is at most a quarter of the first heat pump output, and generating a stronger fluid flow through the second fluid line than through the first fluid line in order to transfer heat via the second fluid line. The heat storage and exchanger may have any or all of the features of the heat storage and exchanger of the first aspect.

In some embodiments, when selectively executing one of the at least two operating modes, a selection between the first and second operating modes is automatically made based on a first parameter. In particular, the first parameter can be linked to the availability of electrical power.

The method may include selectively guiding the fluid flow through the second fluid line to a solar system, to a geothermal collector or to the solar system and the geothermal collector.

The method may further include controlling a strength of the fluid flow through the second fluid line as a function of a first temperature difference in the first and/or second operating mode. In particular, a first temperature of the first temperature difference can be linked to the storage container and/or the thermal storage medium. In particular, a second temperature of the first temperature difference can be linked to a solar system.

The method may further comprise selectively removing heat from the heat storage and exchanger or a geothermal collector coupled to the heat storage and exchanger, in particular depending on a temperature that is linked to the storage container and / or the thermal storage medium; and/or depending on a temperature linked to the geothermal collector.

The method may further include controlling a thermal coupling between the geothermal collector and the storage container and/or the thermal storage medium depending on a second temperature difference. In particular, a first temperature of the second temperature difference can be linked to the storage container and/or the thermal storage medium; and/or a second temperature of the second temperature difference may be linked to the geothermal collector.

The system can have a second heat storage and exchanger.

The second heat storage and exchanger may have any or all of the features described above in connection with the second heat storage and exchanger of the fourth aspect.

The method can further comprise carrying out the method steps that relate to the heat storage and exchanger accordingly on the second heat storage and exchanger. In particular, in corresponding embodiments, the first fluid line of the heat storage and exchanger can be coupled to a cold side of the heat pump; and the first fluid line of the second heat storage and exchanger may be coupled to a warm side of the heat pump. Alternatively, the first fluid line of the first heat storage and exchanger can be coupled to the warm side of the heat pump and the first fluid line of the second heat storage and exchanger can be coupled to the warm side of the heat pump.

According to an eighth aspect, a computer program is configured to cause an electronic control system to carry out the method according to the seventh aspect.

According to a further aspect, a local heating network has a first heat storage and exchanger, a second heat storage and exchanger and a geothermal heat collector.

The first heat storage and exchanger is a heat storage and exchanger as described above in connection with the first aspect. Alternatively, the local heating network has a system as described above, and the first heat storage and exchanger is the heat storage and exchanger of the system.

The second heat storage and exchanger is a heat storage and exchanger as in the above Described in connection with the first aspect. Alternatively, the local heating network has a system as described above, and the first heat storage and exchanger is the heat storage and exchanger of the system. The second heat storage and exchanger is spatially separated from the first heat storage and exchanger, for example by at least 50 m or by at least 100 m or by at least 200 m.

The geothermal heat collector is thermally coupled to the first heat storage and exchanger and the second heat storage and exchanger, and is designed to store heat or cold in a surrounding soil and to remove at least part of the stored heat or cold from the soil at a later point in time.

The heat network can also have a line that is designed to thermally couple the first heat storage and exchanger and the second heat storage and exchanger to one another. A first area of the line can have thermal insulation. A second portion of the conduit may have less or no thermal insulation to form the geothermal collector.

According to a further aspect, a local heating network system has a local heating network as described above, and further a second local heating network.

The second local heating network has the following: a first low-temperature heat storage, a second low-temperature heat storage and a second geothermal collector.

The first low-temperature heat storage is a heat storage and exchanger as described above in connection with the first aspect. Alternatively, the local heating network has a system as described above, and the first low-temperature heat storage is the second heat storage and exchanger of the system.

The thermal storage medium of the first low-temperature heat storage has a lower temperature than the thermal storage medium of the first heat storage and exchanger.

The second low-temperature heat storage is a heat storage and exchanger as described above in connection with the first aspect. Alternatively, the local heating network has a system as described above, and the first low-temperature heat storage is the second heat storage and exchanger of the system.

The second low-temperature heat storage is spatially separated from the first low-temperature heat storage, for example by at least 50 m or by at least 100 m or by at least 200 m.

The thermal storage medium of the second low-temperature heat storage has a lower temperature than the thermal storage medium of the second heat storage and exchanger.

The second geothermal collector is thermally coupled to the first low-temperature heat storage and the second low-temperature heat storage, and is designed to store second heat or cold in a surrounding soil and to remove at least a portion of the stored second heat or cold from the soil at a later point in time .

In some embodiments, the local heating network system further comprises a thermally insulating partition wall that is configured to thermally isolate a region of the local heating network from a region of the second local heating network. In particular, the thermally insulating partition can be arranged at least partially underground.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

• 1: einen Wärmespeicher und -tauscher gemäß einem Beispiel;
• 2a: einen Wärmespeicher und -tauscher gemäß einem weiteren Beispiel;
• 2b: einen Wärmespeicher und -tauscher gemäß einem weiteren Beispiel;
• 3: einen Wärmespeicher und -tauscher gemäß einem weiteren Beispiel;
• 4: ein System mit einem Wärmespeicher und -tauscher gemäß einem Beispiel;
• 5a: ein System mit einem Wärmespeicher und -tauscher und einen Betriebsmodus eines Verfahrens zum Betreiben des Systems gemäß einem Beispiel;
• 5b: ein System mit einem Wärmespeicher und -tauscher und einen Betriebsmodus eines Verfahrens zum Betreiben des Systems gemäß einem weiteren Beispiel;
• 5c: ein System mit einem Wärmespeicher und -tauscher und einen Betriebsmodus eines Verfahrens zum Betreiben des Systems gemäß einem weiteren Beispiel;
• 5d: ein System mit einem Wärmespeicher und -tauscher und einen Betriebsmodus eines Verfahrens zum Betreiben des Systems gemäß einem weiteren Beispiel;
• 5e: ein System mit einem Wärmespeicher und -tauscher und einen Betriebsmodus eines Verfahrens zum Betreiben des Systems gemäß einem weiteren Beispiel;
• 5f: ein System mit einem Wärmespeicher und -tauscher und einen Betriebsmodus eines Verfahrens zum Betreiben des Systems gemäß einem weiteren Beispiel;
• 5g: ein System mit einem Wärmespeicher und -tauscher und einen Betriebsmodus eines Verfahrens zum Betreiben des Systems gemäß einem weiteren Beispiel;
• 5h: ein System mit einem Wärmespeicher und -tauscher und einen Betriebsmodus eines Verfahrens zum Betreiben des Systems gemäß einem weiteren Beispiel;
• 5i: ein System mit einem Wärmespeicher und -tauscher und einen Betriebsmodus eines Verfahrens zum Betreiben des Systems gemäß einem weiteren Beispiel.
• 6: ein System mit einem Wärmespeicher und -tauscher, das an ein Nahwärmenetz gekoppelt ist;
• 7a: einen Wärmespeicher und -tauscher gemäß einem weiteren Beispiel;
• 7b: einen Wärmespeicher und -tauscher gemäß einem weiteren Beispiel;
• 7c: einen Wärmespeicher und -tauscher gemäß einem weiteren Beispiel;
• 7d: einen Wärmespeicher und -tauscher gemäß einem weiteren Beispiel;
• 7e: einen Wärmespeicher und -tauscher gemäß einem weiteren Beispiel; und
• 8: einen Wärmespeicher und -tauscher gemäß einem weiteren Beispiel.

The invention is explained in more detail below using exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. The figures show in a schematic representation:

• 1 : a heat storage and exchanger according to an example;
• 2a : a heat storage and exchanger according to another example;
• 2 B : a heat storage and exchanger according to another example;
• 3 : a heat storage and exchanger according to another example;
• 4 : a system with a heat storage and exchanger according to an example;
• 5a : a system with a heat storage and exchanger and an operating mode of a method for operating the system according to an example;
• 5b : a system with a heat storage and exchanger and an operating mode of a method for operating the system according to a further example;
• 5c : a system with a heat storage and exchanger and an operating mode Method for operating the system according to another example;
• 5d : a system with a heat storage and exchanger and an operating mode of a method for operating the system according to a further example;
• 5e : a system with a heat storage and exchanger and an operating mode of a method for operating the system according to a further example;
• 5f : a system with a heat storage and exchanger and an operating mode of a method for operating the system according to a further example;
• 5g : a system with a heat storage and exchanger and an operating mode of a method for operating the system according to a further example;
• 5h : a system with a heat storage and exchanger and an operating mode of a method for operating the system according to a further example;
• 5i : a system with a heat storage and exchanger and an operating mode of a method for operating the system according to a further example.
• 6 : a system with a heat storage and exchanger coupled to a local heating network;
• 7a : a heat storage and exchanger according to another example;
• 7b : a heat storage and exchanger according to another example;
• 7c : a heat storage and exchanger according to another example;
• 7d : a heat storage and exchanger according to another example;
• 7e : a heat storage and exchanger according to another example; and
• 8th : a heat storage and exchanger according to another example.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

1 shows a heat storage and exchanger 100 according to a first exemplary embodiment.

The heat storage and exchanger 100 has a storage container 106 for a thermal storage medium 108, as well as a heat exchanger 104, which is partially arranged in the storage container 106.

Thanks to the integrated heat exchanger 104, the heat storage and exchanger 100 is particularly suitable for retrofitting existing systems.

The storage container 106 is dimensioned sufficiently large to accommodate such a large amount (e.g. volume) of the thermal storage medium 108 that it provides a heat capacity to meet the heat requirements of a building over a longer period of time, such as several days, weeks or months to cover away. For example, the storage container 106 can be designed for the heat requirements of a single-family home and its volume can be approximately 2 m ³ , 5 m ³ , 10 m ³ , 15 m ³ or 20 m ³ , depending on the size of the single-family home. In alternative embodiments, a larger storage container 106 or a plurality of storage containers 106 is provided for a larger individual building or a building complex.

Thus, the storage container 106 with the thermal storage medium 108 contained therewith enables the needs of a building to be met using energy in the form of heat stored during times of good availability (during the day, in summer, or during periods of warm and/or sunny weather). for heat during a period of poor availability (at night, in winter, or during periods of cold and/or poor sun weather).

The storage container 106 is designed to be placed in the ground. Accordingly, its wall consists of an opaque, liquid-tight and preferably corrosion-resistant material such as steel. Alternatively or additionally, a wall made of concrete is provided to mechanically reinforce the wall.

The storage container 106 provides an area for the thermal storage medium 108. For example, the storage container 106 provides a target filling level 116 for the thermal storage medium 108.

Fluid lines 102a, 102b extend above the area of the storage container 106 for the thermal storage medium 108, ie above the target filling level 116. In other words, areas of the fluid lines 102a, 102b are located outside the storage container 106 (e.g. Zu - / derivatives or connecting elements of the fluid lines 102a, 102b), in the vertical direction higher than the area of the storage container 106 for the storage medium 108 or higher than the target filling level 116. The fluid lines 102a, 102b are therefore accessible from above and also above ground, if the storage container 106 is arranged underground.

The underground arrangement does not necessarily mean that the entire storage container 106 is arranged below the surface of the earth. In some embodiments, only the lower region of the storage container 106 is located below the earth's surface, for example the lowest 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or 95% of its height extent. The top of the storage container 106 preferably closes with the surface of the earth or is arranged slightly above the surface of the earth, so that the inlet/outlet lines or connection elements of the fluid lines 102a, 102b are accessible above ground.

In the embodiment shown, the areas of the fluid lines 102a, 102b that are arranged outside the storage container 106 (e.g. inlets/outlets or connection elements of the fluid lines 102a, 102b) are higher in the vertical direction than the entire storage container 106.

The storage container 106 is also referred to below as a cistern storage 106 due to its dimensions (at least 1 m ³ , in particular 2 m 3 for the thermal storage medium) and material composition (opaque, liquid-tight and preferably corrosion-resistant).

In the storage container 106 the 1 the cross-sectional area is always the same in horizontal planes at different heights (ie over the entire height extent of the storage container 106). In alternative embodiments, the cross-sectional area decreases towards the top. In any case, the cross-sectional area does not increase significantly towards the top.

This allows the heat storage and exchanger 100 to be conveniently lowered into a pit, particularly for an underground arrangement.

In the storage container shown, the cross-sectional area is round, in alternative embodiments it is elliptical. The absence of corners, projections or bulges in the cross-sectional area further facilitates descent into the pit.

Due to the underground arrangement, the heat storage and exchanger 100 minimizes its space requirements (i.e. the need for floor space) in the building to be supplied with heat or on the property in which it is installed. The heat storage and exchanger 100 can be used as an underground heat storage and exchanger 100, for example, as a retrofit component for an existing system.

The heat exchanger 104 of the embodiment of 1 is designed as a double tube heat exchanger. The second fluid line 102b is arranged coaxially around the first fluid line 102a. The first fluid line 102a and the second fluid line 102b are thus in thermal contact via a common wall. In alternative embodiments, the heat exchanger 104 is a plate heat exchanger or a shell-and-tube heat exchanger or a multiple-tube heat exchanger with more than two coaxial lines, with the outermost two lines serving as the first fluid line 102a and second fluid line 102b.

The arrangement of the heat exchanger 104 in the storage container 106 enables a large tube length of the (particularly double-tube) heat exchanger, and thus an effective heat transfer between the first and second fluid lines 102, 102b. In particular, the space available in the storage container 106 is larger than in a conventional arrangement of a heat exchanger in a heat pump. Instead of a double-tube heat exchanger, a multiple-tube heat exchanger (i.e. with more than two lines that are arranged coaxially in thermal contact with one another), a plate heat exchanger or a tube bundle heat exchanger can be installed in order to also benefit from the larger space available. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the double-tube heat exchanger 104 is spiral-shaped with a height of 2 m and a diameter of 0.5 m, but there are diameters of 1 m, 2 m, 3 m or 4 (adapted to the annual energy requirements of the building to be supplied). m possible.

A first section 144 of the heat exchanger 104 is arranged below the target filling level 116 (ie is arranged in the area of the storage container 106 for the thermal storage medium 108) and is in thermal contact via its outer wall, which at the same time forms the outer wall of the second fluid line 102b with the area of the storage container 106 for the thermal storage medium 108. The area of the storage container 106 for the thermal storage medium 108 surrounds the second fluid line 102b, and in embodiments with a double-tube heat exchanger, the first fluid line 102a. In other words, the arrangement of the heat exchanger 104 (particularly its first section 144) in the storage container 106 (particularly in the area of the storage container 106 for the thermal storage medium 108) results in a triple heat exchanger consisting of the first fluid line 102a, the second fluid line 102b and the storage container 106 (particularly the area of the storage container 106 for the thermal storage medium 108 or below the target filling level 116). This arrangement allows the exchange of heat between a fluid in the first th fluid line 102a, a fluid in the second fluid line 102b and the thermal storage medium 108.

Even with heat transfer between the second fluid line 102b (and indirectly the first fluid line 102a) and the thermal storage medium 108, the arrangement of the heat exchanger 104 in the storage container 106 enables effective heat transfer, as above in connection with the heat transfer between the first fluid line 102a and the second fluid line 102b described.

The heat exchanger 104 extends upwards through the area of the storage container 106 for the thermal storage medium 108 to above the target filling level 116 of the storage container 106 for the thermal storage medium 108. A first area 144 is therefore (e.g. below the target filling level 116 of the storage container 106 for the thermal storage medium 108) of the heat exchanger 104 in thermal contact with the thermal storage medium 108, while a second area 138 (e.g. above the target filling level 116 of the storage container 106 for the thermal storage medium 108) of the heat exchanger 104 is not in contact with the thermal storage medium 108 (or the intended area of the storage container 106) is in thermal contact, i.e. H. spaced from it or insulated from it by air. The first section 144 corresponds to the middle region of the heat exchanger 144, the second region 138 corresponds to the two end regions 138 of the heat exchanger 104.

The thermal conductivity between the first fluid line 102a and the second fluid line 102b can be considered as a reference variable for the presence or absence of thermal contact between a section of the heat exchanger 104 and the thermal storage medium 108. Is the thermal conductivity between the section of the heat exchanger 104 and the thermal storage medium 108 (e.g. per length) lower (e.g. simply lower, or lower by a factor of 2.3, 5 or 10) than the thermal conductivity between the first Fluid line 102a and the second fluid line 102b, there is no thermal contact. This results in the temperatures of fluids in the first fluid line 102a and the second fluid line 102b becoming more similar to each other than (e.g. each) to the temperature of the thermal storage medium 108.

Since in the illustrated embodiment the heat exchanger 104 is in thermal contact with the thermal storage medium 108 in its central region 144 (i.e. in its first section 144), the temperature of fluids that flow through the fluid lines 102a, 102b largely equals the temperature there of the thermal storage medium 108. In at least one end region 138 (i.e. in its second section 138), however, the heat exchanger 104 is not in thermal contact with the thermal storage medium 108. Consequently, the temperature of a fluid that flows through one of the fluid lines 102a, 102b approaches after flowing through the central region 144 of the heat exchanger 104, in this end region 138, to the temperature of the fluid in the other fluid line 102a, 102b.

The heat exchanger 104 is preferably operated as a countercurrent heat exchanger. Thus, in the end region 138, the temperature of the outflowing fluid in one fluid line 102a, 102b equalizes to the temperature of the inflowing fluid in the other fluid line 102a, 102b. Typically, the temperature spread between these fluids is greater than the temperature difference of the outflowing fluid to the thermal storage medium 108. Thus, the outflowing fluid in the end region 138 of the heat exchanger 104 is cooled or heated to a greater extent than would be the case without thermal contact with the thermal storage medium 108. if the thermal contact of the heat exchanger 104 to the thermal storage medium 108 existed over the entire length of the heat exchanger 104. In exemplary embodiments, the outflowing fluid from the second fluid line 102b is directed to a photovoltaic system for cooling, while the inflowing fluid into the first fluid line 102a from a cold side of a heat pump provides the required cold. In such embodiments, the end region 138 of the heat exchanger 104 achieves a lower temperature of the fluid flowing out of the second fluid line 102b and thus improved cooling of the photovoltaic system.

The extent of temperature equalization of the fluid lines 102a, 102b (or the fluids contained therein) in the end region 138 of the heat exchanger can be controlled by controlling the flow velocity of at least one of the fluids (in particular both fluids) in its fluid line 102a, 102b (in particular in the two fluid lines 102a , 102b) can be controlled. A high flow velocity prevents any significant temperature adjustment between the fluid lines 102a, 102b (or the fluids contained therein). The outflowing fluid essentially has the temperature of the thermal storage medium 108. A low flow velocity causes a strong temperature adjustment between the fluid lines 102a, 102b (or the fluids contained therein), and the outflowing fluid essentially has the same temperature the other fluid line (or the fluid contained therein). Preferably, a temperature sensor is provided for detecting the temperature of the outflowing fluid, and the flow velocity of one of the fluids (or the two fluids) through the associated fluid line(s) 102a, 102b is related to the temperature detected by the temperature sensor (in particular to reach a specified target temperature).

The thermal storage medium 108 consists largely (for example in terms of its volume) of water. In addition, an antifreeze is included so that the freezing point of the thermal storage medium 108 is below that of water, for example at a maximum of -1° or a maximum of -2°, and for low-temperature applications also below -20° C. or -35° C. In alternative embodiments, in particular for use as high-temperature heat storage, thermal storage media 108 are used that have a melting point in the range from 10 ° C to 70 ° C (e.g. 10 ° C, 20 ° C or 30 ° C) , such as paraffins. This means that even when used as a high-temperature heat storage medium, the heat capacity of the storage medium 108 can be increased by utilizing its latent heat at the phase transition.

In some embodiments, the wall of the storage container 106 enables thermal coupling of the thermal storage medium 108 to a medium surrounding the thermal storage container 106. Specifically, the storage container 106 is arranged in the ground that forms the surrounding medium.

The antifreeze contained in the thermal storage medium 108 and its freezing point below that of water ensure that when the temperature drops (in particular below the freezing point of water), water in the surrounding medium first freezes before the thermal storage medium 108 freezes. The thermal storage medium 108 is thus effectively protected from freezing, or the storage container 106 is protected from frost damage due to a volume expansion of the thermal storage medium 108 when freezing.

In order to ensure even greater frost protection, in some embodiments, an antifreeze such as glycol is contained in the thermal storage medium 108 in a concentration of up to 50% in order to further lower the freezing point of the thermal storage medium 108, for example to -20 ° C or - 35°C.

The heat storage and exchanger 100 (or the heat exchanger 104) is preferably used as a countercurrent heat exchanger, i.e. H. a fluid flow through the first fluid line 102a is directed opposite to a fluid flow through the second fluid line 102b. This further improves the effectiveness of heat transfer between the first fluid line 102a and the second fluid line 102b.

2a shows a heat storage and exchanger 100 according to a second exemplary embodiment, which is similar to that of 1 resembles. Corresponding elements are designated with the same reference numerals; a further description is omitted. The heat storage and exchanger 100 der 2a is formed with a number of modifications. According to different embodiments, a heat storage and exchanger 100 is formed with only one or a combination of the modifications described.

The height h of the area of the storage container 106 intended for the thermal storage medium (not shown) is similar to the corresponding height in the heat storage and exchanger 100 1 and is approximately 2 m. In addition, the storage container 106 has the 2a Above the area provided for the thermal storage medium, there is an area 142 (referred to as dome 142 in the context of this disclosure), which is not intended for the thermal storage medium, but rather provides space for other elements, in particular the first fluid line 102a and the second fluid line 102b. In the illustrated embodiment, the first fluid line 102a and the second fluid line 102b pass through the dome 142 in a straight line in the vertical direction. The supply/discharge lines 112, 114 are thus arranged above the dome 142. In alternative embodiments, the first fluid line 102a and the second fluid line 102b in the dome bend to the side (in the horizontal direction) coming from below. In corresponding embodiments, the supply/discharge lines 112, 114 are arranged laterally from the dome 142.

To use the heat storage and exchanger 100 as an underground heat storage, the area of the storage container 106 intended for the thermal storage medium is arranged in the ground, while the dome 142 is at least partially arranged above ground. The fluid lines 102a, 102b are therefore accessible above ground for connection.

In the storage container 106 the 2a an additional heat exchanger 118 with supply/discharge lines 120 for a fluid is arranged.

The additional heat exchanger 118 enables an effective and controllable thermal coupling of the heat storage and exchanger 100 or the thermal storage device arranged therein diums to a medium surrounding the storage container 106, specifically to the ground when the storage container 106 is arranged underground. For this purpose, a geothermal collector is arranged in the ground, and a fluid line of the geothermal collector is connected to the supply/discharge lines 120. The flow of a fluid (for example a brine) through the additional heat exchanger 118 and serially through the fluid line of the geothermal heat collector is controlled via a valve and/or a circulation pump, and thus the thermal coupling of the heat storage and exchanger 100 to the ground.

In the exemplary embodiment shown, the fluid line of the additional heat exchanger 118 passes laterally through the storage container 106. In other words, the supply/discharge lines 120 are arranged laterally from the storage container 106. In alternative embodiments, the fluid line of the additional heat exchanger 118 passes upward (like the fluid lines 102a, 102b) through the storage container 106. In such embodiments, the inlet/outlet lines 120 are arranged above the area of the storage container 106 intended for the thermal storage medium 108. In accordance with the supply/discharge lines 112, 114 described above, they can run partially horizontally above the storage medium 108. A corresponding arrangement can make it easier to connect the supply/discharge lines 120 to the geothermal collector.

The heat exchanger 104 the 2a has thermal insulation 140 in one of its end sections 138. This is designed as a casing of at least one of the fluid lines 102a, 102b with a thermally insulating material, in particular a porous material and/or one with a vacuumed area. In the illustrated embodiment with the double-tube heat exchanger 104, the two fluid lines 102a, 102b are encased.

The thermal insulation 140 thus defines the end region 138 of the heat exchanger 104 without thermal contact with the thermal storage medium 108, with the in connection with the exemplary embodiment 1 effects and advantages described. A difference between the two embodiments is that in the exemplary embodiment 1 the end region 138 of the heat exchanger without thermal contact with the thermal storage medium 108 is defined by that region of the heat exchanger 104 which is arranged outside the region of the storage container 106 for the thermal storage medium 108 (e.g. above the target filling level 116).

By providing the thermal insulation 140, the extent and position of the end region 138 of the heat exchanger 104 can be controlled in a targeted manner and independently of the course of the fluid lines without thermal contact with the thermal storage medium 108 (and thus the temperature adjustment of the fluid lines 102a, 102b or the fluids contained therein). 102a, 102b can be set. In the exemplary embodiment shown, an end region 138 of the heat exchanger has the thermal insulation 140. In alternative embodiments, both end regions 138 are equipped with thermal insulation.

The heat storage and exchanger 100 der 2a also includes a pressure compensation vessel 130a, 130b, 130c.

The pressure compensation vessel 130a, 130b, 1300 has a pressure compensation bag 130a for an expansion fluid 136, a riser pipe 130b and a pressure compensation container 130c.

During operation, the pressure compensation bag 130a is filled with the expansion liquid 136 when the thermal storage medium is in the liquid state. In this state, the pressure compensation container 1300 provides a gas volume that at least corresponds to the increase in volume of the thermal storage medium upon freezing (e.g. 8% in the case of water).

If the thermal storage medium freezes during operation, its volume increases, in the case of water by around 8%. The thermal storage medium compresses the pressure compensation bag 130a and part of the expansion liquid 136 previously contained therein through the riser pipe 130b into the pressure compensation container 1300. The expansion liquid 136 displaces the gas of the gas volume there. As a result, the thermal storage medium can expand without any risk of damage to the storage container 106.

The heat storage and exchanger 100 der 2a is therefore particularly suitable for use as a low-temperature heat storage or as a cold storage.

As in 2 B illustrated, the heat storage and exchanger 100 (in particular for use as a low-temperature heat storage or as a cold storage) in some embodiments has a circulation device 150, for example a circulation pump 150 or an agitator 150. This circulates the storage medium 108 in the storage container 106 when the temperature of the storage medium 108 reaches or falls below its freezing point. In some embodiments (not shown), the heat storage and exchanger 100 has the circulation device 150 in addition to the pressure compensation vessel 130a, 130b, 1300.

The circulation device 150 reduces ice formation and improves heat conduction in the storage container 106. The circulation device 150 delays a stratification reversal that would otherwise occur when using a water-comprising (i.e., aqueous) thermal storage medium whose temperature passes through 4°C. Since the density of the aqueous thermal storage medium reaches its maximum at around 4°C, at a (e.g. average) temperature of the storage container (or the thermal storage medium contained therein) there is warmer or warmer water at temperatures above or below 4°C. colder thermal storage medium in the upper area of the thermal storage container. In the lower area of the thermal storage container, however, there is colder or warmer thermal storage medium. When passing through the temperature of 4°C, the stratification reversal occurs. The circulation device 150 reduces stratification of the thermal storage medium, thus delaying the reversal of stratification and ultimately reducing ice formation.

The heat storage and exchanger 100 der 2 B also has a flow channel 146, 148 which is arranged in the thermal storage container 106. The flow channel 146, 148 is arranged in such a way that it specifies a direction towards the heat exchanger 104 and/or limits the flow 152 generated by the circulation device 150; for this purpose it encloses at least a section of the flow 152 generated.

In the embodiment shown, the flow channel 146, 148 is formed by two mutually concentric tubes 146, 148.

The outer tube 148 encloses a portion of the heat exchanger 104, as well as a portion of the generated flow 152 and the circulation device 150 itself. Thus, it limits the generated flow 152 to the outside and gives it a direction towards the heat exchanger 104 by preventing the Flow 152 moves too far away from the heat exchanger 104. The outer tube 148 is concentric with the double tube heat exchanger 104.

In the illustrated embodiment, the flow channel 146,148 also includes an inner tube 146, but this is optional and is omitted in some embodiments. The inner tube 146 further limits the flow 152 generated, namely inwards, and thus also gives it a direction towards the heat exchanger 104. The inner tube 146 is concentric with the double tube heat exchanger 104 and also with the outer tube 148.

The flow channel 146, 148 improves the effectiveness of the circulation device 150 by directing the flow 152 generated by it towards the heat exchanger 104, i.e. H. it limits it and gives it the direction towards the heat exchanger 104. This improves the heat transfer between heat exchanger 104 and storage container or thermal storage medium in all embodiments; Accordingly, the circulation device 150 and optionally the flow channel 146, 148 can be provided in connection with all of the described embodiments.

In addition, the circulation device can delay or prevent ice formation on the heat exchanger 104 particularly effectively. Ice formation is particularly undesirable on the heat exchanger 104, since it can lead to reduced heat conduction (in particular between the heat exchanger 104 and the thermal storage container 106 or the thermal storage medium) or even to frost damage to the heat exchanger 104.

The heat storage and exchanger 100 der 2 B is therefore, like the heat storage and exchanger 100 2a , particularly well adapted to use as a latent heat storage or ice storage as well as for use at temperatures around freezing point. To ensure the suitability of the heat storage and exchanger 100 2 B To further improve, optionally one or all of the related to the 2a features described can be provided.

3 shows a heat storage and exchanger 100 according to a third exemplary embodiment, which is similar to that of 1 , the 2a and that of 2 B resembles. Corresponding elements are designated with the same reference numerals; a further description is omitted. The heat storage and exchanger 100 der 3 is formed with a number of modifications. According to different embodiments, a heat storage and exchanger 100 is formed with only one or a combination of the modifications described.

The heat storage and exchanger 100 der 3 is designed as a multi-zone heat storage.

The heat storage and exchanger 100 der 3 has three additional heat exchangers 118, 122, 126, which are arranged at different heights.

The thermal storage medium 108 in the storage container 106 of the heat storage and exchanger 100 has a temperature profile in which the temperature increases from bottom to top (temperature stratification). Thus, the different heights at which the additional heat exchangers 118, 122, 126 are arranged in the storage container 106 correspond to different temperatures of the thermal storage medium 108 in the storage container 106.

The lowest additional heat exchanger 118 is used for thermal coupling to a geothermal collector or to the surrounding soil.

The middle additional heat exchanger 122 is used to extract heat at a first, lower temperature, for example for a heating system.

The upper additional heat exchanger 126 is used to extract heat at a second, higher temperature, for example for process water.

In the exemplary embodiment shown, the additional heat exchangers 118, 122, 126 or their supply/discharge lines 120, 124, 128 are led laterally out of the storage container 106. In alternative embodiments, the additional heat exchangers 118, 122, 126 or their supply/discharge lines 120, 124, 128 are led upwards out of the storage container 106, as in connection with the exemplary embodiments of 1 , 2a , 2 B for the first fluid line 102a and the second fluid line 102b. This can simplify the connection of further elements to the supply/discharge lines 120, 124, 128, especially if the storage container 106 is largely arranged underground (for example in terms of its height), but its top protrudes from the ground.

In some embodiments, the end portion 138 of the heat exchanger includes thermal insulation 140 as described above. During operation, a fluid flows in the first fluid line 102a through this end region 138 to the inlet/outlet line 114 from the storage container 106 (in the 3 upwards), for example to the warm side of a heat pump. Its temperature is adjusted to that of a fluid in the second fluid line 112b in the end region 138 from the supply line 112 into the storage container 106 (in the 3 downwards), for example coming from a geothermal collector. If the temperature of the outflowing fluid in the first fluid line 102a is above that of the inflowing fluid in the second fluid line 102b, the outflowing fluid in the first fluid line 102a is further cooled (heat is removed from it), the inflowing fluid in the second fluid line 102b is heated ( absorbs heat). As a result, the heat transfer in the heat storage and exchanger 100 can be further improved, and the efficiency (e.g. a performance factor such as the annual performance factor) of the heat pump can be further improved.

The heat storage and exchanger 100 also has in the uppermost section of the storage container 106 a section 138 'of the first fluid line 102a (not shown), which is thermally coupled to the area of the storage container 106 for the thermal storage medium 108, but thermally connected to the second fluid line 102b is isolated. The double-tube heat exchanger 104 is not designed in this area. Rather, the first fluid line 102a is in direct thermal contact with the thermal storage medium 108 and forms a heat exchanger with it, but is thermally insulated from the second fluid line 102b. For this purpose, the first fluid line 102a and the second fluid line 102b are spaced apart from one another in this section 138' (e.g. by an insulating material or by the thermal storage medium 108). Preferably, the first fluid line 102a and the second fluid line 102b in the section 138 'are guided separately from one another into the storage container by one of their inlet/outlet lines 112, 114, and are only brought together in the storage container 106 to form the heat exchanger 104.

Correspondingly, the first fluid line 102a transfers the heat contained therein (or in the fluid it carries) directly after it enters the storage container 106 to the thermal storage medium 108 in the uppermost area of the storage container 106. Typically, the first fluid line 102a leads in this area 138 ' a fluid that flows into the storage container 106 from the warm side of a heat pump. The heat transfer thus takes place at maximum temperature, ie essentially at the temperature of the warm side of the heat pump or at the temperature at which the fluid coming from the heat pump flows into the storage container; in particular without a significant temperature loss due to heat transfer from the first fluid line 102a to the second fluid line 10 ₂ b.

An upper region 132a of the lateral surface (upper lateral region) of the storage container 106 has thermal insulation 134. Thermal insulation is not present in a lower region 132b of the lateral surface (lower lateral region) of the storage container 106. In other words, the upper jacket region 132a is more thermally insulated from a medium surrounding the storage container 106 than the lower jacket region 134a, typically at least three times stronger (ie with a thermal conductivity that is at least three times lower).

The height extent h1 of the upper jacket region 132a is approximately twice as large as the height extent h2 of the lower jacket region 132b. In other words, the height extension h1 (h2) of the upper (or lower) jacket area 132a (132b) is approximately two thirds (approximately one third) of the height extension h of the area of the storage container 106 intended for the thermal storage medium.

The weaker or substantially non-existent thermal insulation of the lower jacket region 132b results in a thermal coupling of the lower jacket region 132b to the medium surrounding the storage container 106, typically to the soil surrounding the storage container 106.

The medium or soil surrounding the storage container 106 is thus made usable as an additional thermal storage medium for heat at low temperatures.

However, the upper area of the storage container 106, in which the thermal storage medium has a higher temperature, is thermally insulated by the upper jacket area 132a and the insulation 134 in order to ensure a sufficiently high temperature in the upper area of the storage container 106, for example for process water.

The heat storage and exchanger 100 der 3 is particularly suitable (e.g. due to its design as a multi-zone heat storage) for use as a high-temperature heat storage.

4 shows a system 200 with a heat storage and exchanger 100 according to a first exemplary embodiment.

The system 200 includes the heat storage and exchanger 100, a second heat storage and exchanger 210, a control device 202, a heat pump 204, a solar system 206, 208.

The heat storage and exchanger 100 is similar to that of 1 , 2a , 2 B or the 3 .

According to the presentation of the 4 The second heat storage and exchanger 210 is also similar to that of 1 , 2a , 2 B or the 3 . In other embodiments, however, the second heat storage and exchanger 210 is constructed differently or more simply. Various embodiments are possible as long as the second heat storage and exchanger 210 has a storage container 220, a first fluid line 212a and a second fluid line 212b, and is designed to transfer heat between the first fluid line 212a and the storage container 220 (or a thermal storage medium arranged therein) and between the second fluid line 212b and the storage container 220 (or the thermal storage medium arranged therein). In the illustrated embodiment this is achieved by a single heat exchanger 222, but in alternative embodiments multiple heat exchangers may be provided.

In alternative embodiments, the second heat storage and exchanger 210 is similar to at least one of the heat storage and exchangers 100 1 , 2a , 2 B or the 3 ,. The heat storage and exchanger 100 der 4 can be constructed more simply as long as it has the features described above in connection with the second heat storage and exchanger 210.

The system 200 is operated at least temporarily (e.g. during summer or winter) in such a way that one of the heat storage and exchangers 100, 210 is operated as a low-temperature heat storage (i.e. as a cold storage), and the other heat storage and exchanger 100 , 210 as a high-temperature heat storage. When used in this way, the temperature spread between the cold storage and the high-temperature heat storage is kept as large as possible, e.g. B. by releasing heat into the high-temperature heat storage and cold into the cold storage when the heat pump 204 is in operation. By using the two heat storage and exchangers 100, 210 in the system 200 as heat and cold storage, as described above, the efficiency of the system 200 is improved compared to a conventional heat recovery system in which the cold energy released by the heat pump is used as a waste product is released into the environment, e.g. air or groundwater. Likewise, the efficiency of the system 200 is improved compared to a conventional air conditioning system in which the thermal energy released by the heat pump is released into the environment as a waste product.

The system 200 also enables temporary use of both heat storage and exchangers 100, 210 as cold storage or (high-temperature) heat storage, particularly at the transition from winter to summer or from summer to winter. Towards the end of winter, as much cold as possible is introduced into both heat storage and exchangers 100, 210 in order to be available for cooling in the summer. Towards the end of summer it will be possible a lot of heat is introduced into both heat storage and exchangers 100, 210 in order to be available for heating during the winter.

The heat storage and exchanger 100 is thermally coupled to a cold side 214 of the heat pump 204 by means of the first fluid line 102a.

The heat storage and exchanger 100 is thermally coupled to the solar system 206, 208 by means of the second fluid line 102b.

The heat storage and exchanger 100 is thermally coupled to a geothermal heat collector 224 in the ground 230 by means of the additional heat exchanger 118. Alternatively or additionally, the thermal coupling between the heat storage and exchanger 100 and the soil 230 is effected by the wall of the heat storage and exchanger 100.

Alternatively or in addition to the thermal coupling of the heat storage and exchanger 100 to the geothermal collector 224 and/or soil 230, in some embodiments the additional heat exchanger 118 couples the heat storage and exchanger 100 to a (in particular local) heating network. For this purpose, the additional heat exchanger 118 is coupled directly to the (local) heating network (i.e. instead of to the geothermal collector 224 and/or the soil 230), or in series with the geothermal collector 224 and/or the soil 230. The latter embodiment is particularly advantageous Realization of a (local) heating network across several buildings or properties that are in proximity to each other, i.e. H. in a quarter, are arranged. A system 200 is installed in every building or on every property to supply it. The heat storage and exchangers 100 of the systems are connected to one another by means of the associated geothermal heat collectors 224 (e.g. in series with the) in order to realize a common heat storage (in particular a low-temperature heat storage or cold storage) of large capacity. Accordingly, the heat storage and exchangers 210 of the systems 200 are connected to one another by means of the associated geothermal collectors 228 in order to realize a further common heat storage (in particular a high-temperature heat storage) of large capacity.

The second heat storage and exchanger 210 is thermally coupled to a warm side 216 of the heat pump 204 by means of its first fluid line 212a.

The second heat storage and exchanger 210 is thermally coupled to the solar system 206, 208 by means of its second fluid line 212b.

The solar system 206, 208 shown consists of a photovoltaic system 206 and a photothermal system 208. In alternative exemplary embodiments, the solar system has no photovoltaic system 206 or photothermal system 208, or it has several photovoltaic systems 206 or photothermal systems 208. The photovoltaic system 206 and the photothermal system 208 can be integrated with one another as a monolithic unit (e.g. a single system can take on the function of a photovoltaic system 206 and a photothermal system 208) or be spatially separated from one another.

Optionally, the second heat storage and exchanger 210 is thermally coupled to a geothermal collector 228 in the ground 232 by means of the additional heat exchanger 218. Alternatively or additionally, the thermal coupling between the second heat storage and exchanger 210 and the soil 232 is effected through the wall of the heat storage and exchanger 100, preferably through a lower jacket region of the storage container 220, as corresponding in connection with 3 described.

In addition to the fluid lines shown as a solid line, the system 200 includes control lines that connect the controller 202 to the other components. The control lines are shown as dashed lines. The control lines are designed to transmit electrical signals and thereby enable the control device 202 to control the components connected to the control device 202.

In particular, the control device 202 is connected to the photovoltaic system 206 and the heat pump 204.

Through its connection to the photovoltaic system 206, the control device 202 receives information regarding the electrical power currently produced by the photovoltaic system 206.

Through its connection to the heat pump 204, the control device 202 controls the operating state of the heat pump 204, i.e. H. the current performance of the heat pump. In particular, the control device 202 can switch the heat pump 204 off or on.

The control device 202 also provides an input in addition to the current output from the pho tovoltaic system 206 produced electrical power to obtain further information regarding the availability of electrical power. This information relates, among other things, to the availability of electrical power from wind power.

Optionally, the information relates to a consumption of electrical power, for example in a building assigned to the system 200. In such embodiments, the availability of electrical power refers to the difference between provided electrical power, for example from the photovoltaic system 206 and/or a wind turbine, and the consumption of electrical power.

The control device 202 also provides an input to receive information regarding a heat requirement, for example regarding a building or building complex to be supplied with heat.

In addition, the control device 202 is connected to temperature sensors which measure the temperature of the photovoltaic system 206, the photothermal system 208, the soil 230, the soil 232, the (especially thermal storage medium of) heat storage and exchanger 100 and the (especially thermal storage medium of the) second heat storage and exchanger 210 and transmit it to the control unit 202. If a heat storage and exchanger is designed as a multi-zone heat exchanger, it has several temperature sensors that are set up to determine the temperature at different heights of its storage container and to transmit it to the control unit 202.

In addition, the control device 202 is connected to valves and flow regulators, which are shown as circles at connection points between fluid lines. The control device uses the valves and flow regulators to regulate the direction and flow of the fluid flow through the respective fluid line. In addition, the control device 202 controls circulation pumps (not shown) and thereby the flows of the fluid flows through the fluid lines.

In particular, the controller 220 controls the flow (e.g. the flow rate) through at least one of the fluid lines 102a, 102b to control the temperature of a fluid as it flows out of one of the two fluid lines 102a, 102b, for example as in connection with the end region 138 of the 1 , 2a and the 2 B described. Likewise, the controller 220 controls the flow (e.g., flow rate) through at least one of the fluid lines 212a, 212b to control the temperature of a fluid as it flows out of one of the two fluid lines 212a, 212b.

5a shows a system according to a further exemplary embodiment, similar to that of 4 resembles. Corresponding elements are designated with the same reference numerals; a further description is omitted. Also illustrated 5a a first operating mode 500a of a method for operating the system according to an example.

• - dass ein geschlossener Fluidstrom durch die Solaranlage 206, 208, die zweite Fluidleitung 102b und den Wärmetauscher 104 erzeugt wird;
• - dass die Wärmepumpe 204 im eingeschalteten Betriebszustand ist;
• - dass ein geschlossener Fluidstrom durch die kalte Seite 214 der Wärmepumpe 204 und die erste Fluidleitung 102a erzeugt wird; und
• - dass ein geschlossener Fluidstrom durch die warme Seite 216 der Wärmepumpe 204 und die erste Fluidleitung 212a erzeugt wird.

In the first operating mode 500a the 5a the control device 202 controls the heat pump 104 and the fluid flows through the fluid lines in such a way that

• - that a closed fluid flow is generated through the solar system 206, 208, the second fluid line 102b and the heat exchanger 104;
• - that the heat pump 204 is in the switched-on operating state;
• - that a closed fluid flow is generated through the cold side 214 of the heat pump 204 and the first fluid line 102a; and
• - that a closed fluid flow is generated through the warm side 216 of the heat pump 204 and the first fluid line 212a.

This first operating mode is particularly advantageous when the solar system 206, 208 has a higher temperature than the heat storage and exchanger 100 or its thermal storage medium. In this case, heat is transferred from the solar system 206, 208 into the heat storage and exchanger 100. The solar system thus serves as a photothermal system 208. In addition, the heat storage and exchanger 100 cools the solar system 206, 208, which increases the efficiency of the photovoltaic system 206.

The cooling of the photovoltaic system 206 is further improved in that the fluid that reaches the photovoltaic system 206 through the second fluid line 102b is in effective heat exchange in the heat exchanger 104 with the cold fluid from the cold side 214 of the heat pump 204 flows through the first fluid line 102a.

Since the heat exchanger 104 has an area at its end (from the perspective of the fluid flow through the second fluid line 102b) that is thermally insulated from the thermal storage medium of the heat storage and exchanger 100, the fluid flow through the second fluid line 102b is below the temperature of the ( in particular thermal storage medium of the heat storage and exchanger 100 cooled, which further improves the cooling of the photovoltaic system 206.

In the illustrated embodiment, the warm side 216 of the heat pump is thermally coupled to the second heat storage and exchanger 210, in particular to its first fluid line 212a. The heat from the warm side 216 of the heat pump 204 is thus stored in the second heat storage and exchanger 210 and made usable for times of poor availability.

This first operating mode is therefore particularly advantageous when the availability of electrical power for operating the heat pump 204 is good, in particular when the electrical power currently provided by the photovoltaic system 206 exceeds a predefined critical value or electrical power after a other of the criteria described above is readily available.

Here and below, operating modes in which the heat pump 204 is in the switched-on operating state are referred to as active. Active operating modes are characterized, for example, by the fact that the heat pump is operated with an output of at least 10%, at least 20% or at least 30% of its maximum output, or in that the heat pump is operated with an output of at least 10%, at least 20% or at least 30% of a peak power of the photovoltaic system 206 is operated.

In all operating modes, if the availability of electrical power for operating the heat pump 204 is good (as shown above for the first operating mode), an active operating mode is always selected, in particular when the electrical power currently provided by the photovoltaic system 206 is one current consumption of electrical energy and/or a predefined critical value. Energy is therefore stored as heat in the second heat storage and exchanger 210 when it is available particularly well or even in excess as electrical power. Alternatively, the active operating mode is selected if electrical power is readily available according to another of the criteria described above.

5b shows a system according to a further exemplary embodiment, similar to that of 4 resembles. Corresponding elements are designated with the same reference numerals; a further description is omitted. Also illustrated 5b a second operating mode 500p of a method for operating the system according to an example.

• - dass ein geschlossener Fluidstrom durch die Solaranlage 206, 208, die zweite Fluidleitung 102b und den Wärmetauscher 104 erzeugt wird; und
• - dass die Wärmepumpe 204 im ausgeschalteten Betriebszustand ist.

In the second operating mode 500p 5b the control device 202 controls the heat pump 104 and the fluid flows through the fluid lines in such a way that

• - that a closed fluid flow is generated through the solar system 206, 208, the second fluid line 102b and the heat exchanger 104; and
• - That the heat pump 204 is in the switched off operating state.

In other words, the closed fluid flow through the second fluid line 102b in the second operating mode corresponds to that in the first operating mode, but with the heat pump 204 switched off. In other words, the second operating mode 500p as a passive operating mode corresponds to the first operating mode 500a as an active operating mode.

As an alternative to the illustrated embodiment, in which the fluid flow is directed through the first heat storage and exchanger 100, in a further embodiment (not shown) the fluid flow is directed through the second heat storage and exchanger 210. This can be achieved by changing the valves 508a, 508b.

Here and below, operating modes in which the heat pump 204 is in the switched off operating state are referred to as passive. Passive operating modes are characterized, for example, by the fact that the heat pump is operated with an output that corresponds to at most half, at most a third, at most a quarter, or at most a fifth of the output in the corresponding active operating mode. For example, the heat pump is operated with an output of a maximum of 9%, a maximum of 6% or a maximum of 3% of its maximum output, or with an output of a maximum of 9%, a maximum of 6% or a maximum of 3% of a peak output of the photovoltaic system 206.

In the second operating mode and in all other operating modes, a passive operating mode is always selected when the availability of electrical power for operating the heat pump 204 is poor, in particular when the electrical power currently provided by the photovoltaic system 206 requires a current consumption of electrical power Energy and/or falls below a second predefined critical value. This means that power consumption by the heat pump 204 is kept low when electrical power is poorly available.

Like the first operating mode 500a, this second operating mode 500p is particularly present advantageous if the solar system 206, 208 has a higher temperature than the heat storage and exchanger 100 or its thermal storage medium in order to achieve the advantages described above in connection with the first operating mode.

In addition, the second operating mode is advantageous if the temperature of the solar system 206, 208 corresponds to or is below the freezing point of water, while the temperature of the heat storage and exchanger 100 or its thermal storage medium is above this. At appropriate temperatures, snow or ice can form on the solar system 206, 208. By operating the system in the second operating mode, for example at regular intervals, snow or ice can be defrosted. This allows more light to reach the solar system 206, 208 and it can provide more electrical power and/or heat.

5c shows a system according to a further exemplary embodiment, similar to that of 4 resembles. Corresponding elements are designated with the same reference numerals; a further description is omitted. Also illustrated 5c the first operating mode 500a' of the method for operating the system according to a further example.

The first operating mode 500a 'according to the exemplary embodiment of 5c is similar to the first operating mode 500a according to the exemplary embodiment 5a . However, the control unit 202 regulates in such a way that the closed fluid flow through the photovoltaic system 206, the photothermal system 208, the second fluid line 102b and the heat exchanger 104 also passes through the geothermal collector 224 in series.

In corresponding embodiments, the geothermal collector 224 or the soil 230 can be used as an additional heat storage.

In the illustrated embodiment, the fluid passes through the geothermal collector 224 before passing through the upper region of the storage container 106. This is particularly advantageous if the temperature of the fluid when fed into the geothermal collector 224 or after passing through the solar system 206, 208 (flow temperature) exceeds the temperature in the (particularly upper region of) the storage container 106. Accordingly, the control unit 202 receives information about the flow temperature and the temperature in the (upper area of) the storage container 106. If the flow temperature exceeds the temperature in the (upper area of the) storage container 106, the control device 202 selects the operating mode 500a 'and this is executed.

In alternative embodiments (not shown), the fluid passes through the geothermal collector 224 after passing through the lower portion of the storage container 106. Corresponding embodiments are advantageous if the temperature of the geothermal storage is below the temperature of the (particularly lower region of the) storage container 106. The control unit 202 selects such an operating mode and it is carried out when the flow temperature is below the temperature in (particularly the lower region of) the storage container 106.

5d shows a system according to a further exemplary embodiment, similar to that of 4 resembles. Corresponding elements are designated with the same reference numerals; a further description is omitted. Also illustrated 5d a third operating mode 530 of a method for operating the system according to an example.

• - dass die Wärmepumpe 204 im eingeschalteten Betriebszustand ist;
• - dass ein geschlossener Fluidstrom durch die kalte Seite 214 der Wärmepumpe 204 und die erste Fluidleitung 102a erzeugt wird; und
• - dass ein geschlossener Fluidstrom durch die warme Seite 216 der Wärmepumpe 204 und die erste Fluidleitung 212a erzeugt wird.

In the third operating mode 530, the control device 202 controls the heat pump 204 and the fluid flows through the fluid lines in such a way that

• - that the heat pump 204 is in the switched-on operating state;
• - that a closed fluid flow is generated through the cold side 214 of the heat pump 204 and the first fluid line 102a; and
• - that a closed fluid flow is generated through the warm side 216 of the heat pump 204 and the first fluid line 212a.

The third operating mode 510 thus allows heat to be transferred from the heat storage and exchanger 100 into the heat storage and exchanger 210. A sufficiently high temperature of the second heat storage and exchanger 210 or its thermal storage medium can thus be ensured, particularly in its upper region, in which the heat exchanger 126 extracts heat for process water. The temperature for process water is therefore regularly high enough to avoid the formation of legionella.

In the illustrated embodiment, heat from the warm side 216 of the heat pump 204 or cold from the cold side 214 of the heat pump 204 is also transferred to a building 502 by means of the fluid line in 506b in order to heat or cool it. In alternative embodiments, heat transfer or cold transfer to the building 502 is dispensed with. Whether it's heat or cold or neither Building 502 is to be transmitted is determined by the control device 202 based on an actual temperature of the building 502 and a target temperature for the building 502, which a user sets. In other words, the system is used for heating or cooling depending on the target temperature and actual temperature of the building. The control unit 202 controls the execution of the operating mode accordingly.

A corresponding transfer of heat or cold to the building 502 is optional in all other active operating modes, for example in those mentioned above 5a and 5c Operating modes described are possible.

The third operating mode is an active operating mode that is carried out when the availability of electrical power to operate the heat pump 204 is good. The availability of electrical power is determined by the control unit 202 as described above.

5e shows a system according to a further exemplary embodiment, similar to that of 4 resembles. Corresponding elements are designated with the same reference numerals; a further description is omitted. Also illustrated 5e a fourth operating mode 520 of a method for operating the system according to an example.

• - dass ein geschlossener Fluidstrom durch die Solaranlage 206, 208 und die kalte Seite 214 der Wärmepumpe 204 erzeugt wird;
• - dass die Wärmepumpe 204 im eingeschalteten Betriebszustand ist; und
• - dass ein geschlossener Fluidstrom durch die warme Seite 216 der Wärmepumpe 204 und die erste Fluidleitung 212a erzeugt wird.

In the fourth operating mode 520, the control device 202 controls the heat pump 204 and the fluid flows through the fluid lines in such a way that

• - that a closed fluid flow is generated through the solar system 206, 208 and the cold side 214 of the heat pump 204;
• - that the heat pump 204 is in the switched-on operating state; and
• - that a closed fluid flow is generated through the warm side 216 of the heat pump 204 and the first fluid line 212a.

In this operating mode too, heat or cold is optionally transferred to the building 502, as described above in connection with the operating mode 5d described.

The fourth operating mode 520 enables the provision of heat from the solar system 206, 208 for heating the building 502 or for storage in the second heat storage and exchanger 210. As an alternative to storing in the second heat storage and exchanger 210, the heat can be in the heat storage and -Exchanger 100 can be saved.

As an alternative to (in particular exclusively) storing the heat in the storage medium of the second heat storage and exchanger 210, the second heat storage and exchanger 210 can be connected in series with the geothermal heat collector 228, so that the heat in the geothermal heat collector 228 and the second heat storage and exchanger 210 is stored.

Accordingly, the geothermal collector 224 can be connected in series when storing in the heat storage and exchanger 100.

In the illustrated embodiment of the fourth operating mode 520, the heat from the solar system 206, 208 is taken as a heat source. In alternative embodiments, the heat is taken from one of the geothermal collectors 224, 228 as a heat source. In such embodiments, a closed fluid flow is generated through the geothermal collector 224 or 228 and the cold side 214 of the heat pump 204, instead of the closed fluid flow through the solar system 206, 208 and the cold side 214 of the heat pump 204. Geothermal collector 224, geothermal collector 228 are preferred or solar system 206, 208 used as a heat source, depending on which of these elements has the highest temperature. The selection is made automatically by the control unit 202 based on temperature sensors linked to these elements.

In the illustrated embodiment, the heat is supplied to the building 502 through the fluid line 506a by means of the heat pump 204 and the fluid line 506b. In alternative embodiments, the heat is instead supplied to the building 502 through the fluid line 504, i.e. H. without using the heat pump 204 (and the fluid lines 506a, 506b). Such alternative embodiments provide a passive mode of operation that otherwise corresponds to the active mode of operation shown. The passive operating mode is advantageous if the temperature of the solar system 206, 208 (or the temperature of one of the geothermal collectors in 224, 228) exceeds the temperature of the heat storage and exchanger 100, or its storage medium, and/or if the availability of electrical power bad is.

5f shows a system according to a further exemplary embodiment, similar to that of 4 resembles. Corresponding elements are designated with the same reference numerals; a further description is omitted. Also illustrated 5f a fifth operating mode 530 of a method for operating the system according to an example.

• - dass ein geschlossener Fluidstrom durch den Wärmetauscher 126 und das Gebäude 502 erzeugt wird.

In the fifth operating mode 530, the control device 202 controls the fluid flows through the fluid lines in such a way that

• - that a closed fluid flow is generated through the heat exchanger 126 and the building 502.

Accordingly, heat for the building 502, for example for service water, can be taken from the second heat storage and exchanger 210.

In alternative embodiments of the fifth operating mode 530, the heat for the building 502 is supplied to the second heat storage and exchanger 210 by means of the heat exchanger 122 or to the heat storage and exchanger 100 by means of the heat exchanger 118 or to the soil 230 by means of the geothermal heat collector 224 or to the soil 230 by means of the geothermal heat collector 228 232 taken.

Which heat exchanger 118, 122, 126 or geothermal collector 224, 228 is used is determined by the control unit 202 based on temperatures at the respective heat exchangers 118, 122, 126 and based on a requested temperature, as well as based on the selection of an active or passive operating mode.

First, the control unit 202 determines whether an active or passive operating mode should be selected based on the availability of electrical power.

When selecting a passive operating mode or when there is poor availability of electrical power, the control unit 202 selects the heat exchanger 118, 122, 126 or geothermal collector 224, 228, the temperature of which exceeds the requested temperature by the smallest amount. If there is no heat exchanger 118, 122, 126 or geothermal collector 224, 228 whose temperature exceeds the requested temperature, the control unit 202 selects the heat exchanger 118, 122, 126 or geothermal collector 224, 228 with the highest temperature or switches to an active operating mode.

When selecting an active operating mode or when there is good availability of electrical power, the control unit 202 selects the heat exchanger 118, 122, 126 or geothermal collector 224, 228, and couples it to the cold side of the heat pump 204, in which the warm side 216 of the heat pump 204 During operation (particularly with the inexpensive electrical power available) the requested temperature exceeds the smallest amount.

This procedure ensures that heat is removed from the heat exchanger 118, 122, 126 or geothermal collector 224, 228 at the lowest possible temperature and thus improves the energy efficiency of the system.

Examples of corresponding variants 530 ', 530'', 530''' of the fifth operating mode 530 are in the 5g , the 5h and the 5i shown.

In the example 530' the 5g Electrical power is readily available due to intensive solar radiation on the photovoltaic system 206. The thermal storage medium of the heat storage and exchanger 100 has a temperature of around -2° corresponding to its freezing point, and the thermal storage medium of the second heat storage and exchanger 210 has a temperature of 60° in the upper region and 20° in the lower region. The soil 230 and 232 has a temperature of 5° and 6°, respectively. Such a situation can occur during the day at the end of winter or at the beginning of spring.

An underfloor heating system in the building requests a temperature of 35° from the control unit 202 based on a user selection.

In example 530', an active operating mode is selected due to the good availability of electrical power.

In the example shown, the electrical power cheaply provided by the photovoltaic system 206 is not sufficient to operate the heat pump 204 with this power and a fluid from the storage container 106 with a temperature of -2 ° on the cold side 214 of the heat pump 204 to heat the warm side 216 to the target temperature of 35°. However, the electrical power cheaply provided by the photovoltaic system 206 is sufficient to operate the heat pump 204 with this power and a fluid from the ground 230 with a temperature of 5 ° on the cold side 214 of the heat pump 204 on the warm side 216 to heat to the target temperature of 35°.

The control unit 202 thus selects the geothermal collector 224 and couples it to the cold side 214 of the heat pump 204. The building 502 is heated from the warm side 216 of the heat pump 204.

In the example 530'' the 5h Electrical power is poorly available due to low solar radiation on the photovoltaic system 206. The thermal storage medium of the heat storage and exchanger 100 has a temperature of 11°, and the thermal storage medium of the second heat storage and exchanger 210 has a temperature of 75° in the upper region and in lower range of 40°. The soil 230 and 232 has a temperature of 13° and 18°, respectively. Such a situation can occur on a night in summer.

An underfloor heating system in the building requests a temperature of 18° from the control unit 202 based on a user selection.

In example 530'', a passive operating mode is selected due to the poor availability of electrical power.

In the exemplary embodiment shown, neither the temperature of the heat storage and exchanger 100 nor the temperature of the soil 230 is sufficient to provide the target temperature of 18°. However, the temperature of the soil 232 is sufficient to provide the target temperature of 18°.

The control unit 202 thus selects the geothermal collector 228 and couples it to the building 502 for heating.

In the example 530''' the 5i Electrical power is poorly available due to low solar radiation on the photovoltaic system 206. The thermal storage medium of the heat storage and exchanger 100 has a temperature of 8°, and the thermal storage medium of the second heat storage and exchanger 210 has a temperature of 70° in the upper region and 40° in the lower region. The soil 230 and 232 has a temperature of 7° and 14°, respectively. Such a situation can occur on a night in late summer or autumn after the outside temperature has changed seasonally from that of the example 5h has fallen off.

An underfloor heating system in the building requests a temperature of 25° from the control unit 202 based on a user selection.

In example 530'', a passive operating mode is selected due to the poor availability of electrical power.

In the exemplary embodiment shown, neither the temperature of the heat storage and exchanger 100 nor the temperature of the soil 230, 232 is sufficient to provide the target temperature of 25°. However, the temperature of the second heat storage and exchanger 210 is sufficient to provide the target temperature of 25°.

The control unit 202 thus selects the second heat storage and exchanger 210 and couples it to the building 502 for heating.

When heating in a passive operating mode, the geothermal collector 224, 228 assigned to the heat storage and exchanger 100, 210 is preferably connected upstream of the heat storage and exchanger 100, 210 from one of the heat storage and exchangers 100, 210, in particular when the temperature of the assigned Geothermal collector 224, 228 is above the return temperature of the fluid from building 502.

Accordingly, in the example shown, the geothermal collector 228 is connected upstream of the second heat storage and exchanger 210. This results in preheating the fluid from the building before it is passed through the second heat storage and exchanger 210. The fluid thus removes some of the heat for heating the building 502 from the system at a lower temperature (from the geothermal collector 228) rather than at a higher temperature (from the second heat storage and exchanger 210). Heat extraction at a lower temperature further improves the energy efficiency of the system.

Those skilled in the art will understand that the foregoing examples are intended merely to illustrate various modes of operation of the system, without intending to limit the teachings. For example, in exemplary embodiments, different thermal stores can be combined, for example by mixing liquid heat-conducting media that are thermally coupled to different thermal stores, in particular by means of a mixing valve, in order to provide a requested temperature.

6 shows a local heating network system 600 with a local heating network and a second local heating network. The local heating network and the second local heating network are each based on heat storage and exchangers 100 and systems 200, respectively. The heat storage and exchangers 100 can be those of 1 , 2a , 2 B or 3 resemble. The systems 200 can be those of the 4 , 5a , 5b , 5c , 5d , 5e , 5f , 5g , 5h or 5i resemble.

The local heating network (or the second local heating network) serves to store heat or cold with a greater heat capacity than that which a single heat storage and exchanger 100 or a single system 200 would provide. The local heating network (or the second local heating network) is therefore also referred to below as a storage system (or complementary storage system).

The local heating network (ie storage system) includes a plurality of systems 200. Each of the Systems 200 is assigned to a building or property 602, e.g. B. arranged in or on it.

The systems 200 include a heat storage and exchanger 100 and optionally a second heat storage and exchanger 210, e.g. B. a second heat storage and exchanger 210 as related above 4 described.

Optionally, the systems 200 include geothermal heat collectors 224, which are assigned to one of the heat storage and exchangers 100, 210, or two geothermal heat collectors 224, 228, which are assigned to the two heat storage and exchangers 100, 210.

The heat storage and exchangers 100 are connected to a storage system by means of the lines 604, optionally in series with the geothermal collectors 224. The heat storage capacity of the storage system is therefore increased compared to that of the individual systems 200. Depending on the embodiments, the storage system is a low-temperature storage system (cold storage system) made of low-temperature heat storage 100 (cold storage 100), for example according to 2a or 2 B , or a high-temperature storage system made of high-temperature heat storage 100, for example according to 3 .

Thus, each of the properties 602 can be supplied with heat (or cold) from the local heating network even if there is a temporary increase in heat demand (or cooling demand) on the property 602 or due to reduced energy or heat production (e.g. one Failure of the solar system) on property 602, the capacity of the local heat storage and exchanger 100 located on property 602 would already be exhausted.

The geothermal collectors 224, which are arranged in the vicinity of the heat storage and exchanger 100 and are thermally coupled to them, further increase the heat storage capacity of the storage system. In some embodiments, additional geothermal collectors 224', 224'' are spaced apart from the heat storage and exchangers 100, e.g. B. between the properties 602 or away from the properties 602, and coupled to the storage system by means of the lines 604.

The additional geothermal collector 224 'is implemented as a section of the line 604 with reduced thermal insulation, compared to other areas of the line 604, which are designed with full thermal insulation in order to enable the transport of heat or cold with as little loss as possible. Due to the reduced thermal insulation, the line 224', 604 is thermally coupled to the surrounding soil and thus implements the geothermal collector 224'.

The additional geothermal collector 224 '' is similar to those associated with 4 described geothermal heat collectors 224, 228. Using valves, it is selectively coupled to line 604, and thus selectively coupled to the storage system.

According to the described (ie low-temperature or high-temperature) storage system, the second heat storage and exchangers 210 are connected by means of the lines 606 to a second local heating network, ie to a complementary (ie high-temperature or low-temperature) storage system, to a complementary storage system with increased heat storage capacity to realize. The second heat storage and exchangers 210 can be the heat storage and exchangers 100 of the 1 , 2a , 2 B or 3 resemble. Alternatively, instead of the second heat storage and exchanger 210, a system 200 can be provided, which is one of the systems 200 of the 4 , 5a , 5b , 5c , 5d , 5e , 5f , 5g , 5h or 5i resembles.

As described for the heat storage and exchanger 100 and the geothermal collector 224, in some embodiments, the second heat storage and exchanger 210 is coupled to a geothermal collector 228. In the 6 The geothermal collector 228 for the property is shown at the bottom left. In some embodiments, additional geothermal collectors (not shown) are also connected to the complementary storage system. For this purpose, these additional geothermal collectors are coupled to the lines 606, corresponding to the coupling of the additional geothermal collectors 224 ', 224'' to the lines 604 described above.

In some embodiments, thermally insulating partitions 608 are also provided to thermally isolate the second heat storage and exchanger 210 from the heat storage and exchanger 100 and/or the geothermal collector 224, as for the property at the top right in 6 shown. Alternatively or additionally, in some embodiments, thermally insulating partitions 608 are also provided to thermally isolate the geothermal collector 228 from the heat storage and exchanger 100 and/or the geothermal collector 224, as for the property at the bottom left in 6 shown. Further thermally insulating partitions 608 thermally insulate lines 604, 606 of the local heating network and the second local heating network from each other, as in the 6 for the lines 604, 606 between the two left properties 602 shown. The thermals are preferred mixed insulating partitions 608 are arranged at least partially underground, in particular in embodiments in which the heat storage and exchangers 100, 210 are at least partially arranged underground.

In preferred embodiments, corresponding thermally insulating partitions are used to define the geothermal collector 224 or the geothermal collector 228. In such embodiments, a laterally circumferential thermally insulating partition wall delimits the geothermal collector 224 (or the geothermal collector 228) laterally. Optionally, an upper and/or lower thermally insulating partition limits the geothermal collector 224 (or the geothermal collector 228) in its vertical extent.

In preferred embodiments of the system 200 the 4 , 5a , 5b , 5c , 5d , 5e , 5f , 5g , 5h or 5i and the local heating network system 600 6 The geothermal collector 224 adjoins the geothermal collector 228 and is laterally separated from the geothermal collector 228 by a thermally insulating partition wall embedded in the ground.

In preferred embodiments, at least one of the systems 200 has a solar system 206, 208. In some embodiments, a locally limited (e.g., on one of the properties 602 or off of the properties 602) solar system 206, 208 is provided that provides sufficient peak power to power multiple properties 602. In alternative embodiments, the solar systems 206, 208 are distributed, i.e. h each of the systems 200 has a solar system 206, 208.

7a , 7b , 7c , 7d and 7e show possible arrangements of a heat storage and exchanger 100 relative to a building 700 to which the heat storage and exchanger 100 is assigned. The heat storage and exchanger 100 can be that of 1 , 2a , 2 B or 3 resemble.

In 7a the heat storage and exchanger 100 is arranged in the building 700. This allows for easy and cost-effective installation. In addition, the heat storage and exchanger 100 is protected from the effects of the weather and its service life is improved.

In 7b the heat storage and exchanger 100 is arranged outside the building 700. Such an arrangement is particularly advantageous if the heat exchanger 104 contains a refrigerant that is highly flammable or toxic. The arrangement of the heat storage and exchanger 100 outside the building 700 reduces resulting dangers for the residents of the building 700.

In 7c the heat storage and exchanger 100 is arranged underground outside the building 700. The underground arrangement makes the area above the heat storage and exchanger 100 usable. The heat storage and exchanger 100 is protected from the effects of the weather. In addition, the heat storage and exchanger 100 can be effectively thermally coupled to the surrounding soil and a geothermal heat collector can be realized. An (at least partially) underground arrangement is also possible below building 700.

The arrangement of the heat storage and exchanger 100 in the 7d corresponds to that in the 7c . Alternatively, an above-ground arrangement of the heat storage and exchanger 100 is possible, as in the 7b shown.

The heat storage and exchanger 100's 7d A heat storage 702 is assigned to which the heat storage and exchanger 100 is thermally coupled (e.g. by means of one of the heat exchangers 104, 118, 122, 126). The associated heat storage 702 is arranged in the building 700.

7e shows a particularly advantageous preferred arrangement with two heat storage and exchangers 100a, 100b, each of which is arranged underground. One of the two heat storage and exchangers 100a, 100b is designed as a low-temperature heat storage (ie cold storage), for example as in connection with the heat storage and exchanger 100 of 2a or 2 B described, the other as high-temperature heat storage 100, for example corresponding to the heat storage and exchanger 100 of 3 .

One of the heat storage and exchangers 100a is coupled to the associated heat storage 702, as described above. In particular, the high-temperature heat storage (or the low-temperature heat storage) is coupled to the associated heat storage 702 in order to ensure optimization for the heating (or cooling) of the building 700.

The associated heat storage 702 is arranged in the building 700 and is preferably designed as a multi-zone heat storage.

A thermally insulating partition 608 is arranged between the heat storage and exchangers 100a, 100b, in particular between their storage containers 106. In the illustrated embodiment, the thermally insulating partition 608 between the heat storage and exchangers 100a, 100b is flat if arranged underground in the ground. In alternative embodiments (not shown), the heat storage and exchangers 100a, 100b are arranged adjacent to one another and/or in a common housing, without soil between them. In corresponding embodiments, the thermally insulating partition 608 is also arranged in the common housing and thus preferably at least partially underground. In embodiments in which the system includes geothermal collectors 224, 228 associated with the heat storage and exchangers 100a, 100b, such as in connection with 4 described, as an alternative to the partition 608 shown or in addition to this, a thermally insulating partition 608 is arranged between the geothermal collectors 224, 228.

The thermally insulating partition 608 enables effective thermal insulation of the heat storage and exchangers 100a, 100b and/or the geothermal collectors 224, 228, even when space is limited. This is particularly advantageous in residential areas with high property prices, for example for single-family or terraced houses, or in the environment of small or medium-sized businesses, since the system with the thermally insulated partition 608 e.g. B. can also be accommodated in a smaller yard.

The combination of the heat storage and exchanger 100 with the associated heat exchanger 702 improves, for example, the alternating use of the heat storage and exchanger 100 as a heat storage (e.g. during winter) and as a cold storage (e.g. at the transition from winter to summer) , as described above. In winter, heat storage and exchanger 100 and associated heat exchanger 702 can be kept at the highest possible temperature. At the transition from winter to summer, the heat storage and exchanger 100 can be kept at the lowest possible temperature and, for example, can also freeze (i.e. be used as ice storage), while the associated heat exchanger 702 is kept at a higher temperature, for example for service water and/or Heating water for the building 700. In corresponding embodiments, the storage of cold in the heat storage and exchanger 100 is improved by utilizing the latent heat at the phase transition.

In alternative embodiments (not shown), the heat storage and exchanger 100 and the associated heat storage 702 are the 7d swapped, ie the heat storage and exchanger 100 is arranged in the building 700 and the associated heat storage 702 outside the building 700. In corresponding embodiments, the improved cold storage can also be achieved as described above, with the associated heat storage 702 freezing (ie as Ice storage can be used).

8th shows a system 200 with a heat storage and exchanger 100 and a second heat storage and exchanger 210. The system 200 is similar to that of 4 , 5a , 5b , 5c , 5d , 5e , 5f , 5g , 5h or 5i and may include any or all of the elements described therein. The following description is limited to additional elements.

In some embodiments, the heat storage and exchanger 100 is similar to that of 2a or the 2 B , and the second heat storage and exchanger 210 the heat storage and exchanger 100 the 3 .

In the system 200 the 8th The thermal storage media of the heat storage and exchangers 100, 210 are electrolytes for a redox flow battery, and the system 200 also includes an electrochemical cell 800.

The electrolyte preferably comprises redox-active chemical compounds, in particular ions of a metal compound, preferably ions of a vanadium, sodium, zinc or iron compound, and/or redox-active organic compounds, preferably viologens, quinones, lignins or lignin sulfates.

For example, the electrolytes can be provided by vanadium (oxide) ions dissolved in water or by a saline solution in combination with aminoxyl radicals such as 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyloxyl (TEMPO) and a viologen. However, the person skilled in the art understands that the aforementioned examples are merely exemplary and that fundamentally other electrolytes can be used.

Pumps, which are arranged in the heat storage and exchangers 100, 210, the electrochemical cell 800, or in electrolyte lines 802a, 802b between them, flow the electrolytes from the heat storage and exchangers 100, 210 through the electrolyte lines 802a, 802b to the electrochemical cell 800. The internal structure (not shown) of the electrochemical cell 800 includes a plurality of electrochemical half-cells, a membrane therebetween, and electrodes associated with the electrochemical half-cells. The electrolyte lines 802a, 802b lead to different electrochemical half-cells that are separated by the membrane, ie the electrolytes are transported through the membrane using the electrolyte lines 802a, 802b chen electrochemical half cells. Electricity generated can be taken from the assigned electrodes.

The electrochemical cell 800 is thermally coupled to at least one of the heat storage and exchangers 100, 210. In the illustrated embodiment, the coupling takes place either by means of the valves 806 to the fluid lines 808a, 808b and thus optionally to the heat storage and exchangers 100, 210. In alternative embodiments, however, only the coupling is to one of the heat storage and exchangers 100, 210, in particular the coupling by means of the fluid line 808b to the high-temperature heat storage 210.

In the exemplary embodiment shown, the fluid lines 808a, 808b couple the electrochemical cell 800 directly to the heat storage and exchanger 100, 210. In alternative embodiments, the coupling takes place either by means of the heat pump 204, i.e. H. The fluid lines 808a, 808b are optionally coupled to the cold side 214 of the heat pump 204 instead of to the heat storage and exchanger 100, 210. When coupling to the cold side 214 of the heat pump 204 is selected, the warm side 216 of the heat pump 204 is thermally coupled to the heat storage and exchanger 100, 210.

In detail, the thermal coupling takes place by means of a heat exchanger 804 that is thermally coupled to the electrochemical cell 800. This can be thermally coupled to at least one of the electrochemical half cells on the outside. However, the heat exchanger 804 is preferably arranged in at least one of the electrochemical half cells. In some embodiments, partial heat exchangers are arranged in a plurality of electrochemical half cells, and the partial heat exchangers are interconnected to form the heat exchanger 804, for example in series.

In the exemplary embodiment shown, the electrochemical cell 800 is arranged spatially separated from the heat storage and exchangers 100, 210. However, in alternative embodiments (not shown), the electrochemical cell 800 is located in the heat storage and exchanger 100 or the heat storage and exchanger 210, providing a highly integrated system for quick and cost-effective assembly.

Due to the double coupling of at least one of the heat storage and exchangers 100, 210 to the electrochemical cell 800, on the one hand by means of the electrolyte line 802a, 802b, and on the other hand by means of the thermal coupling through the fluid line 808a, 808b, the system 200 uses the electrochemical cell 800 twice. On the one hand, it is used to generate electricity using the electrolytes of the heat storage and exchangers 100, 210. On the other hand, the waste heat generated in the electrochemical cell 800 is stored in the heat storage and exchangers 100, 210 for (e.g. later) use. Conversely, the system uses the heat storage and exchanger 100, 210 or the thermal storage medium contained therein twice, on the one hand as an electrolyte for the electrochemical cell 800, and on the other hand as an energy storage device to absorb the waste heat generated by the electrochemical cell 800.

If, as expected, a temperature of the electrolyte in the storage container reaches temperature values outside the optimal operating temperatures of the electrochemical cell 800, a thermal coupling can also take place between the electrolyte lines and/or the supply lines with heat consumers, such as heating lines, in order to obtain suitable operating temperatures in the electrochemical cell 800. Alternatively or additionally, a maximum storage temperature of the storage container can be limited to a compatible temperature of the electrolyte, for example if chemical processes above the maximum storage temperature would prevent effective storage of electrical energy, and the controller can limit the operation of the heat pump accordingly.

As an alternative to the electrolytic cell or in addition thereto, in some embodiments (not shown) the heat storage and exchanger or system described above further comprises a thermoelectrochemical cell which is connected to the (first) heat storage and exchanger 100 and/or the second heat storage cell. and exchanger 210 can be coupled to generate electrical energy.

A thermoelectrochemical cell can use a temperature difference between two electrodes to convert thermal energy into electrical energy. For example, the thermoelectric cell can be based on a temperature-dependent redox couple, such as a ferric/ferrocyanide couple, so that different temperature levels at the electrodes, such as 20 °C and 60 °C, can be used to generate electricity.

A corresponding electrolyte solution for operating the thermoelectric cell can be stored in the storage container of the first heat storage and exchanger 100 and / or the second heat storage and exchanger 210, or the thermoelectrochemical cell can be connected to the first heat storage and exchanger via heat exchangers Exchanger 100 and / or the second heat storage and exchanger 210 can be coupled.

For example, the electrodes of the thermoelectrochemical cell may be coupled to the first and second heat storage and exchangers 100, 210, respectively, to create a temperature difference in the thermoelectrochemical cell. The temperature difference can then generate a potential difference that can be tapped at the electrodes. Thus, the different temperature levels maintained in the thermoelectrochemical cell by the storage in the heat storage and exchangers 100, 210 can be used to generate electricity.

Furthermore, the stored thermal energy in the (first) heat storage and exchanger 100 can also be used to regenerate an electrolyte solution in order to generate electricity, for example according to the operating principle of thermally regenerable electrochemical cycles (TREC) or thermally regenerable batteries (TRB). . In other words, the system can include a TREC cell or a thermally regenerable battery and the controller can be set up to optionally connect the TREC cell or the thermally regenerable battery to the heat pump or the (first) depending on the availability of electrical energy. Heat storage and exchanger 100 to be coupled in order to regenerate the TREC cell or the thermally regenerable battery.

LIST OF REFERENCE SYMBOLS

100, 100a, 100b

Heat storage and exchanger

102a, 102b

first, second fluid line

104

Heat exchanger

106

storage container

108

thermal storage medium

110

Area highlighted in dashed lines (with internal structure of the heat exchanger)

112

Supply/discharge of the first fluid line

114

Supply/discharge of the second fluid line

116

Target filling level of the storage container for the thermal storage medium

118, 122, 126

additional heat exchanger

120, 124, 128

Supply/discharge of the additional heat exchanger

130a, 130b, 130c

Pressure compensation tank

132a

upper mantle area

132b

lower mantle area

134, 140

thermal insulation

138

second area of the heat exchanger, end area of the heat exchanger

142

Cathedral

144

first area of the heat exchanger

146, 148

Flow channel, pipes

150

Circulation device

152

flow generated by the circulation device

200

system

202

Control unit

204

Heat pump

206

photovoltaic system (solar system)

208

solar thermal system (solar system)

210

second heat storage

212a

first fluid line of the second heat storage

212b

second fluid line of the second heat storage

214

cold side of the heat pump

216

warm side of the heat pump

218

additional heat exchanger of the second heat storage

220

Storage container of the second heat storage

222

Heat exchanger of the second heat storage

224, 228

Geothermal collector

230, 232

soil

500a, 500a'

first operating mode

502

Building

504

Fluid lines to/from building

506a

Fluid lines to/from heat pump

508a, 508b

Valves

500p

second operating mode

512

Valves

510

third operating mode

520

fourth operating mode

530, 530', 530'', 530'''

fifth operating mode

600

Local heating network

602

Building, property

604, 606

cables

608

thermally insulating partition

224', 224''

additional geothermal collector

700

Building

702

assigned heat storage

800

electrochemical cell

802a, 80b

Electrolyte line

804

Electrochemical cell heat exchanger

806

Flow control (valve or circulation pump)

808a, 808b

Fluid line

Claims (32)

Heat storage and exchanger (100), comprising: a first fluid line (102a) and a second fluid line (102b); a heat exchanger (104) configured to transfer heat between the first fluid line (102a) and the second fluid line (102b); and a storage container (106) adapted to hold a thermal storage medium (108); wherein at least a portion of the heat exchanger (104) is disposed in the storage container (106) to enable heat to be transferred between the heat exchanger (104) and the thermal storage medium (108). Heat storage and exchanger (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first fluid line (102a) and the second fluid line (102b) in the heat exchanger (104) and / or over a range of at least 0.5 m or at least 1 m or be in direct contact of at least 2 m. Heat storage and exchanger (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the storage container (106) is a cistern storage and/or is set up for an underground arrangement and/or has a volume for the thermal storage medium (108) of at least 1 m ³ or of at least 2 m ³ or at least 3 m ³ . Heat storage and exchanger (100) according to one of the preceding claims, where the first fluid line (102a) and/or the second fluid line (102b) is designed to pass through an upper surface (116) of the thermal storage medium (108) at least once or at least twice when the thermal storage medium (108) is in the storage container ( 106) is arranged; and or the first fluid line (102a) and/or the second fluid line (102b) passes through the storage container (106) at least once or at least twice in the top fifth of its height. Heat storage and exchanger (100) according to one of the preceding claims, which has at least two or at least three additional heat exchangers (118, 122, 126), the at least two or at least three additional heat exchangers (118, 122, 126) being at different heights in the Storage container (106) are arranged. Heat storage and exchanger (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the storage container (106) is set up as an ice storage and / or has a pressure compensation vessel (130a, 130b, 130c), wherein a gas volume (130c) of the pressure compensation vessel is at least 8% of a volume of the storage container (106) for the thermal storage medium (108), in particular when the thermal storage medium (108) is in the liquid state. Heat storage and exchanger (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the storage container (106) has an upper jacket region (132a) and a lower jacket region (132b), and wherein the upper jacket region (132a) has a stronger thermal insulation (134) between Inside and outside of the storage container (106) has as the lower jacket area (132b). Heat storage and exchanger (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the thermal storage medium (108) is arranged in the storage container (106), and wherein the thermal storage medium (108) has a freezing point of at most -1 ° C or at most -2 °C or at most -20°C. Heat storage and exchanger (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the thermal storage medium (108) is arranged in the storage container (106) and wherein the thermal storage medium (108) is designed to provide an electrolyte for an electrochemical cell (800). , in particular, wherein the heat storage and exchanger (100) is designed to provide the thermal storage medium (108) to the electrochemical cell (800) in a fluid-coupled manner. Heat storage and exchanger (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a second section (138) of the heat exchanger (104) has no thermal contact with the thermal storage medium (108) and / or thermal insulation (140) with respect to the thermal storage medium (100) 108) and/or is arranged above a target filling level (116) of the storage container (106) for the thermal storage medium (108). Use of a heat storage and exchanger (100) according to one of the preceding claims as an underground heat storage. Use of a heat storage and exchanger (100) according to one of the preceding claims as a countercurrent heat exchanger. System (200) comprising a heat storage and exchanger (100) according to one of the preceding claims and at least one control device (202), wherein the at least one control device (202) is set up to control a fluid flow through the first fluid line (102a) depending on to control a first parameter, wherein the first parameter is linked to an availability of electrical power and / or is linked to an electrical power provided by a photovoltaic system (206). System after Claim 13 , wherein the at least one control device (202) is further configured to output a control signal for a heat pump (204) depending on the first parameter, the heat exchanger (104) having a double-tube heat exchanger, the first fluid line (102a) having an inner tube of the double-tube heat exchanger, and wherein the first fluid line (102a) is designed to be coupled to the heat pump (204) or is coupled to the heat pump (204). System according to one of the Claims 13 until 14 further comprising a second heat storage and exchanger (210), the second heat storage and exchanger (210) comprising: a first fluid line (212a) and a second fluid line (212b); and a storage container (210) adapted to receive a thermal storage medium (108); wherein the second heat storage and exchanger (210) is designed to enable heat to be transferred between the first fluid line (212a) and the thermal storage medium (108) and between the second fluid line (212b) and the thermal storage medium (108); wherein the at least one control device (202) is set up to supply a fluid flow through the first fluid line (212a) of the second heat storage and exchanger (210) together with the fluid flow through the first fluid line (102a) of the heat storage and exchanger (100). steer. System after Claim 15 in combination with Claim 14 , wherein the system comprises the heat pump (204), and wherein the fluid flow through the first fluid line (102a, 212a) of the heat storage and exchanger (100) or the second heat storage and exchanger (210) is designed to supply this heat storage and - exchanger (100, 210) to be thermally coupled to a cold side (214) of the heat pump (204), and the fluid flow through the first fluid line (102a, 212a) of the other heat storage and exchanger (100, 210) is set up to do so other would be heat storage and exchanger (100, 210) to be thermally coupled to a warm side (216) of the heat pump (204). System after Claim 16 , wherein the heat pump (204) is designed to provide a power of at least 3 kW or at least 5 kW. System comprising: a first heat storage and exchanger (100) and a second heat storage and exchanger (210), the first heat storage and exchanger (100) comprising: a first fluid line (102a) and a second fluid line (102b); a heat exchanger (104) configured to transfer heat between the first fluid line (102a) and the second fluid line (102b); and a storage container (106) adapted to receive a thermal storage medium (108); wherein at least a portion of the heat exchanger (104) is disposed in the storage container (106) to enable heat to be transferred between the heat exchanger (104) and the thermal storage medium (108); and wherein the first heat storage and exchanger (100) has a volume for its thermal storage medium (108) of at least 2 m ³ and is at least partially arranged underground; and wherein the second heat storage and exchanger (210) comprises: a first fluid line (212a) and a second fluid line (212b); and a storage container (210) adapted to receive a thermal storage medium (108); wherein the second heat storage and exchanger (210) is designed to enable heat to be transferred between the first fluid line (212a) and the thermal storage medium (108) and between the second fluid line (212b) and the thermal storage medium (108); a heat pump (204) which is set up to provide a power of at least 5 kW, a fluid flow through the first fluid line (102a) of the first or second heat storage and exchanger (100, 210) being set up to supply this heat storage and - exchanger (100, 210) to be thermally coupled to a cold side (214) of the heat pump (204), and a fluid flow through the first fluid line (212a) of the other of the first and second heat storage and exchangers (100, 210) is set up for this purpose to thermally couple the other heat storage and exchanger (100, 210) to a warm side (216) of the heat pump (204); and a control device (202) which is set up to monitor an operating state of the heat pump (204), the fluid flow through the first fluid line (102a) of the first heat storage (100) and the fluid flow through the first fluid line (212a) of the second heat storage (210 ) to be controlled jointly depending on a first parameter, the first parameter being linked to an electrical power provided by a photovoltaic system (206); wherein the second fluid line (102b) of the first heat storage and exchanger (100) and/or the second heat storage and exchanger (210) is coupled to a solar system (208). Method for producing an underground heat storage, the method comprising: Arranging at least part of a heat storage and exchanger (100) in the ground (230), the heat storage and exchanger (100) having the following: a first fluid line (102a) and a second fluid line (102b); a heat exchanger (104) configured to transfer heat between the first fluid line (102a) and the second fluid line (102b); and a storage container (106) adapted to hold a thermal storage medium (108); wherein at least a portion of the heat exchanger (104) is disposed in the storage container (106) to enable heat to be transferred between the heat exchanger (104) and the thermal storage medium (108). Procedure according to Claim 19 , which further comprises: thermally coupling the heat storage and exchanger (100) to a geothermal collector (224) and / or to the ground (230). Procedure according to one of the Claims 19 or 20 , which further comprises: thermally coupling the heat storage and exchanger (100) to a local heating network (600) in order to store heat or cold either from the heat storage and exchanger (100) into the local heating network (600) or from the local heating network (600 ) into the heat storage and exchanger (100); in particular in series with the geothermal collector (224) and/or with the ground (230); in particular, wherein the geothermal collector (224) is coupled to a further heat storage and exchanger (100). Procedure according to one of the Claims 19 until 21 , which further includes: Setting up the heat exchanger (104) as a countercurrent heat exchanger. Procedure according to one of the Claims 19 until 22 , further comprising: coupling the first fluid line (102a) to a heat pump (204). Procedure according to Claim 23 , further comprising: coupling a first fluid line (212a) of a second heat storage and exchanger (210) to the heat pump (204), the second heat storage and exchanger (210) comprising: a first fluid line (212a) and a second fluid line (212b); and a storage container (210) adapted to receive a thermal storage medium (108); wherein the second heat storage and exchanger (210) is designed to enable heat to be transferred between the first fluid line (212a) and the thermal storage medium (108) and between the second fluid line (212b) and the thermal storage medium (108); wherein the first fluid line (102a, 212a) of the heat storage and exchanger (100) or the second heat storage and exchanger (210) is coupled to a cold side of the heat pump (204); and wherein the first fluid line (102a, 212a) of the other heat storage and exchanger (100, 210) is coupled to a warm side of the heat pump (204). Method for operating a system (200) comprising a heat storage and exchanger (100), the heat storage and exchanger (100) having the following: a first fluid line (102a) and a second fluid line (102b), the first fluid line (102a) being coupled to a heat pump (204); a heat exchanger (104) configured to transfer heat between the first fluid line (102a) and the second fluid line (102b); and a storage container (106) adapted to hold a thermal storage medium (108); wherein at least a portion of the heat exchanger (104) is disposed in the storage container (106) to enable heat to be transferred between the heat exchanger (104) and the thermal storage medium (108); wherein the method has at least two operating modes, the method comprising: selectively executing one of the at least two operating modes; wherein the first operating mode includes: Operating the heat pump (204) with a first heat pump output; and generating a fluid flow through the first fluid line (102a) to transfer heat between the heat pump (204) and the thermal storage medium (108); and wherein the second operating mode includes: Operating the heat pump (204) with a second heat pump output that is at most a quarter of the first heat pump output; and Generating a stronger fluid flow through the second fluid line (102b) than through the first fluid line (102a) to transfer heat via the second fluid line (102b). Procedure according to Claim 25 , wherein when selectively executing one of the at least two operating modes, a selection between the first and the second operating mode is automatically carried out based on a first parameter, the first parameter being linked to an availability of electrical power. Procedure according to one of the Claims 25 or 26 , further comprising: controlling a flow of fluid through the first fluid line 102a or the second fluid line 102b; to reduce a temperature difference between a first fluid flowing out of one of the first fluid line 102a and the second fluid line 102b and a second fluid flowing into the other of the first fluid line 102a and the second fluid line 102b; and to increase a further temperature difference between the outflowing first fluid and the thermal storage medium 108. Procedure according to one of the Claims 25 until 27 , wherein the system further comprises a second heat storage and exchanger (210), the second heat storage and exchanger (210) comprising: a storage container (210) adapted to receive a thermal storage medium (108); and a first fluid line (212a) and a second fluid line (212b); wherein the second heat storage and exchanger (210) is designed to enable heat to be transferred between the first fluid line (212a) and the thermal storage medium (108) and between the second fluid line (212b) and the thermal storage medium (108); wherein the method further comprises: performing the method steps related to the heat storage and exchanger (100) correspondingly on the second heat storage and exchanger (216); wherein the first fluid line (102a, 212a) of the first or second heat storage and exchanger (100, 214) is coupled to a cold side of the heat pump (204); and wherein the first fluid line (102a, 212a) of the other of the first and second heat storage and exchangers (100, 216) is coupled to a warm side of the heat pump (204). Computer program designed to cause an electronic control system to carry out a procedure according to one of the Claims 25 until 28 to carry out. Local heating network, comprising: a first heat storage and exchanger (100), the first heat storage and exchanger (100) being a heat storage and exchanger (100) according to one of Claims 1 until 10 is; or a system according to one of the Claims 13 - 18 , wherein the first heat storage and exchanger (100) is the heat storage and exchanger (100) of the system according to one of Claims 13 - 18 is; a second heat storage and exchanger (100), the second heat storage and exchanger (100) being a heat storage and exchanger (100) according to one of Claims 1 until 10 is; or another system according to one of the Claims 13 - 18 , wherein the second heat storage and exchanger (100) is the heat storage and exchanger (100) of the further system; wherein the second heat storage and exchanger (100) is spatially separated from the first heat storage and exchanger (100), for example by at least 50 m or by at least 100 m or by at least 200 m; and a geothermal collector (224), which is thermally coupled to the first heat storage and exchanger (100) and the second heat storage and exchanger (100), and which is designed to store heat or cold in a surrounding soil (230) and to remove at least part of the stored heat or cold from the ground (230) at a later point in time. local heating network Claim 30 , further comprising: a line (604, 606) configured to thermally couple the first heat storage and exchanger (100) and the second heat storage and exchanger (100) to one another; wherein a first portion of the conduit (604, 606) has thermal insulation, and wherein a second portion of the conduit (604, 606) has less or no thermal insulation to form the geothermal collector (224). Local heating network system (600), which is a local heating network Claim 30 or 31 and which further comprises a second local heating network, the second local heating network comprising: a first low-temperature heat storage, the first low-temperature heat storage being a heat storage and exchanger (100) according to one of Claims 1 until 10 is; or a system according to one of the Claims 15 or 18 , wherein the second low-temperature heat storage is the second heat storage and exchanger (100) of the system; and wherein the thermal storage medium of the first low-temperature heat storage has a lower temperature than the thermal storage medium of the first heat storage and exchanger (100); a second low-temperature heat storage, wherein the second low-temperature heat storage is a heat storage and exchanger (100) according to one of Claims 1 until 10 is; or another system according to one of the Claims 15 or 18 , wherein the second low-temperature heat storage is the second heat storage and exchanger (100) of the further system; wherein the second low-temperature heat storage is spatially separated from the first low-temperature heat storage, for example by at least 50 m or by at least 100 m or by at least 200 m; and wherein the thermal storage medium of the second low-temperature heat storage has a lower temperature than the thermal storage medium of the second heat storage and exchanger (100); a second geothermal collector (228), which is thermally coupled to the first low-temperature heat storage and the second low-temperature heat storage, and which is designed to store second heat or cold in a surrounding soil (232) and at least a portion of the stored second heat or to remove cold from the soil (232) at a later time; and optionally a thermally insulating partition (608) which is designed to thermally insulate a region of the local heating network from a region of the second local heating network, in particular wherein the thermally insulating partition (608) is at least partially arranged underground.

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