DE102022104683A1 - Magnetic gearing for a bicycle support drive, in particular with an electric drive, in particular for a bicycle, as well as advantageous modes of operation and use of such bicycle support drives - Google Patents

Abstract

A bicycle with a bicycle support drive, which includes a magnetic gear and an electromagnetic machine equipped with a rotor, can be provided for adding drive power. Such a bicycle support drive is particularly compact and light if the parts of the magnetic gear are magnetically coupled elements that are mounted so that they can rotate relative to one another. B. coaxially installed with the electromagnetic machine in a wheel such as a rear wheel of the bicycle, provide an additional torque intended to complement the difference that should exist between a torque applied by a cyclist and a torque driving the wheel of the bicycle.

Description

The present invention relates to a magnetic transmission and a bicycle power assist.

Furthermore, the present invention deals with a corresponding bicycle.

Furthermore, a magnetic gear with an electromagnetic machine is presented.

In addition, advantageous methods and uses are presented.

In other words, the present invention relates to a bicycle power assist according to the preamble of claim 1 and a bicycle according to claim 24.

A magnetic gear combination, which also includes an electromagnetic machine in addition to the magnetic gear, is presented in the preamble of claim 25.

A method for coupling two drive powers is presented in claim 26. An operation method is mentioned in claim 27.

A suitable use is presented in claim 30.

technical field

While ever more powerful and heavier support drives and accumulator batteries are being developed for mountain bikes, which are increasingly moving towards motorcycles in essence, there is also another market for pedelecs that have a drive that is as discreet and light as possible and are therefore easy to handle.

Such bicycle support drives should make it easier for cyclists to move forward with their muscle power, e.g. B. on slopes of mountains. There are different drive concepts for this. A drive concept is based on the idea of introducing the additional drive power into a hub of a wheel, in particular the rear wheel, of a bicycle to be driven. While some other support drives are arranged near the pedal crank and offer pedal support at this point, for example by means of bevel gears. Bevel gears have a low level of efficiency, which is further reduced with the efficiency of the chain drive. In addition, there are operating noises.

As already mentioned, other support drives are integrated into the rear wheel axle. The advantage here is the higher rotational speed of the wheel, which at a driving speed of a conventional bicycle of 25 km/h is in the order of 200 rpm, while the typical cadence is about 1/3 of the rotational speed or its reciprocal. The torque must be correspondingly smaller. Since this bypasses a derailleur that may be present, its reduction cannot be used on steep inclines, and the torque required for driving up the incline must be generated by the drive itself. For compact rear-wheel drives, electric motors with planetary gear reduction are used, which, however, are acoustically prominent, have limited efficiency and a limited service life, and also with regard to torque do not meet all the wishes of such an auxiliary drive.

State of the art

In the literature, in particular in the patent literature, there are already numerous descriptions of how auxiliary or support drives can be designed. A suitable selection is presented below.

For disc wheels, for example, H. C. Lovatt, V. S. Ramsden and B. C. Mecrow describe efficient direct drives in the technical paper "Design of an in-wheel motor for a solar powered electric vehicle", printed in IEEE Proc.-Electr. Power Appl., Vol. 145, No. 5, September 1998, this being said to be done using brushless powered, coreless coils and Halbach magnets. However, disc wheels are generally not very suitable for bicycles due to their sensitivity to wind.

Similar drives with a smaller outer diameter were implemented for spoked wheels, as shown in https://electricbikereport.com/electric-bike-direct-drive-geared-hub-motors/. However, these either do not achieve the desired low weight, the desired compact dimensions, the high torque and/or the desired high efficiency.

Show for spoked wheels EP 2 394 903 A1 (Applicant: Shimano Inc.) and https://www.ebikemotion.com/web/x35-light-smart-ebike-system/ drive systems, which are carried out by a coaxial combination of electric motor and planetary gear - as in the case of the latter - with a weight of 2.1 kg achieve a torque of 40 Nm through a reduction of 14:1. However, planetary gears with reductions of more than 10:1 usually only have an efficiency of just over 90%, and small and slow-running electric motors usually less.

Teaches a particularly high-torque drive for a vehicle EP 2 672 147 A2 (Applicant: Clean Mobile AG), in which chain links are pressed onto an internal gear by the drive, for which an efficiency of just over 80% was determined.

The US patent application US 2016/0 361 988 A1 (Applicant: BM Innovaties BV) and the website https://tangentmotors.com/tangentsdrive describe a type of motor that is coaxially connected to a cycloidal gear and is said to be suitable for driving a so-called "eBike".

A high-reduction coaxial gear-motor arrangement known as “Harmonic Drive” teaches the U.S. 7,453,176 A (Patent holder: EDM Resources, Inc.), which is also viewed as a possible drive concept for an "eBike Propulsion" on the website https://visforvoltage.org/forum/14118-concepts-ebike-propulsion-2?page=2 . However, the wedge gear of a "Harmonic Drive" alone has a typical efficiency of well under 90%.

That in the US patent U.S. 3,378,710 A (Patent proprietor: Micro Pump Corporation) should only be used as a middle link between a Electric motor and another gear are suitable for a bicycle drive. In the same way, in the utility model specification DE 20 2012 101 844 U1 (Owner: Erwin Schuldt) mentions that an (unspecified) magnetic gear between the electric motor and the rear wheel could only be suitable as a reduction gear if the magnetic gear was followed by a further reduction by a chain gear on the output side.

In other articles published on the Internet pages https://visforvoltage.org/forum/13629-concepts-ebike-propulsion?page=7 and https://visforvoltage.org/forum/13629-conceptsebike-propulsion?page= 8, a "Cycloidal Magnetic Gear" and other types of gears for an eBike drive are mentioned, whereby, among other things, the principle-related vibrations are said to be an unsolved obstacle to the widespread use of such drives.

Retrospectively, other magnetic gear-electric motor combinations can be considered, for example in U.S. 7,982,351A , in TW 1452825B or at the website https://www.georgiikobold.de/fileadmin/medien/Motoren_PDF/GK_Kat_Antr_Leb_R4_Dopp_ _mR_02.pdf; their use for a bicycle support drive is not suggested, for example, they do not have the required specific torque. Also teaches DE 10 2012 101 918 A1 (Applicant: Reiner Vonderschmidt) disclosed a coaxial magnetic gear with helical magnet arrangement, but only to reduce torque ripple. Also shows the reproduction of an image of the patent application JP 2017 - 205 008 A the applicants INDUSTRY-ACADEMIC COOPERATION FOUNDATION and CHOSUN UNIVERSITY on the website https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/originalDocument?CC=JP&NR=2017205 008A&KC=A&FT=D&ND=3&date=20171116&DB=&locale=de EP# apparently one Structuring, which, however, is not confirmed by the description and by other reproductions of the patent application; it is therefore a meaningless reproduction error.

Even review articles on magnetic gears, such as B. the article "A Review of the Volumetric Torque Density of Rotary Magnetic Gear Designs" by the authors Kang Li and Jonathan Z. Bird, reprinted in: 2018 XIII International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM), IEEE 2018, gives no indication of their Use as an auxiliary drive in bicycles - do not show any suitable magnetic gearing -. Conversely, standards for auxiliary drives in bicycles, such as B. DIN EN 15194, no reference to magnetic gears as gear types that can be used.

The above-mentioned publications apply with their names, each on its own, as fully incorporated in the present description of the invention. This is to avoid no longer discussing well-known relationships in magnetic gears and in two-wheel drive systems again and again, but by referring to the publications, they should be allowed to be regarded as also defined for the present invention.

task

It would be particularly desirable to know a design that provides an electrically operated, high-torque, efficient, light-weight, compact, quiet, low-wear, and inexpensive assist drive for a bicycle, particularly in a spoked wheel. The demands are at least partly contradictory to each other. A construction must therefore be sought that creates a good compromise between the various requirements.

invention description

The object of the invention is achieved by a bicycle support drive according to claim 1, an associated bicycle can be found in claim 24. A magnetic gear combination is set out in claim 25. Advantageous methods can be found in claims 26, 27 and 30. Advantageous developments can be found in the dependent claims.

Bicycle support drives are designed to continue to provide regular drive power, e.g. B. by muscle power of a cyclist to act on a drive wheel of a bicycle. In addition, drive power should be provided by an energy source such as a battery pack or an auxiliary battery.

In addition to a motor made up of rotor and stator (which - depending on which function is to be in the foreground - can also be referred to as a drive motor or as an electric motor), part of the bicycle support gear can be a magnetic gear, which includes at least three elements that can be rotated in opposite directions .

A first element and a second element are rotatably mounted about a same axis of rotation. You can rotate around this axis. Storage can be both electromagnetic and mechanical using various types of mechanical bearings.

In addition, there is the third element, which is attributed to the magnetic gear. Additional drive power can be introduced into the drive via the third element.

In general, it can also be said that magnetic gears can be functionally compared to highly reducing planetary gears, such as the latter with a sun gear, planetary ring (several gears that can be called planetary gears) and outer wheel (an internal gear wheel) the magnetic gear has - essentially - three elements. Other comparisons resort to Vernier electric motors to describe magnetic gears. Depending on how you look at it, a magnetic gear can be equated with a planetary gear or with a vernier motor (under certain circumstances).

The three elements can be magnetically coupled to each other (in the sense of conducted field lines). The three elements can, e.g. B. be connected to each other due to magnetic forces.

Advantageously, the element that runs fastest of the three elements is connected to the motor. The two remaining elements can e.g. B. be referred to as "Element A" and as "Element B".

In a first possible embodiment, “Element A” is fixed and “Element B” is used for output. In this case, a pedaling power to be applied by a cyclist can be fed in at the output via an “additional drive element” (e.g. toothed belt wheel or e.g. chain wheel).

Advantageously there is a drive component via which drive power in the vehicle (bicycle) can be dissipated (e.g. a shaft, a hub, a pulley, a sprocket or a chainring).

A drive system implemented in this way on a bicycle ensures that it (the bicycle) drives with a fixed gear ratio. A driver receives torque support, which can be stronger at low engine speeds (e.g. in the situations “uphill”, “starting off”).

In a second possible embodiment, “Element A” is driven by the “further drive element” such as a toothed belt wheel or sprocket, and “Element B” is used for the output. This allows the motor to deliver extra speed while the rider works against the torque on the wheel in a fixed gear ratio.

If such a magnetic gear is to be constructed as symmetrically as possible, “element A” can be a particularly structured, soft-magnetic iron element lying in the middle of the magnetic gear. “Element B” can also be realized by a structured, soft-magnetic iron element. The respective other element (that is to say “element A” in one case and “element B” in the other case) is advantageously an element provided with permanent magnets. The structures result from thickened and reduced areas of iron or the iron element.

The bicycle support drive can, but does not necessarily have to, be placed in the rear wheel of the bicycle. An alternative place on the bike that can be used is in the area of the bottom bracket. The bicycle support drive can, for. B. be placed coaxially to the bottom bracket. In the second placement variant, the "further drive component" is the crank or bottom bracket axle. The output can take place via a chain wheel (also in the form of a chain ring) or a toothed belt wheel.

Advantageous refinements and developments are set out below, which are seen, both individually and in combination, can also reveal inventive aspects.

It is advantageous if the permanent magnets of the rotor are oriented to form poles.

Are advantageous dimensions for the bicycle support drive, in which a length of a cylindrical portion is less than 20 cm, z. B. only 15 cm or even less, z. B. 11 cm.

The combinations and exemplary embodiments presented above can also be considered in numerous other connections and combinations.

According to the invention, progress can be made in a support drive by combining an (electric) motor with a magnetic gear.

It is advantageous if the support drive develops almost no noise at low speeds and has a very high level of efficiency. In addition, such a drive should show practically no wear.

By a spiral arrangement of the magnets - in particular by a (small) pitch angle, the z. B. is less than 15 °, 10 ° or even 5 ° - the volume of the components that make up the magnetic circuit of the gearbox, i.e. the magnetic circuit in the gearbox, can be reduced. The driving (electric) motor can be placed inside the magnetic gear.

The arrangement of the magnetic gear thus results in the motor-gear combination having the largest possible diameter of the gear with the usual dimensions for rear wheel hubs of a bicycle, as a result of which a very high torque can be realized.

The electric motor is connected to a drive power with an at least three-element magnetic gear at a first element of the gear. This first element is connected to the rotor at the same speed. In other words, the first element of the gearbox and the rotor rotate at the same speed when the drive power is transmitted. Such a speed-equivalent connection can take place by means of an encasing arrangement and a rigid attachment, such as gluing or pressing, of the first element to the rotor. The attachment can also be done by integration, for example by using supporting soft magnetic parts together in the rotor and in the first element. A rotatable arrangement of the rotor and elements of the magnetic gear can be implemented well, for example, with the help of plain bearings or rolling element bearings.

An additional drive power is introduced at the same speed to another element of the magnetic transmission via a further drive element. This speed can be different from the speed of the first element of the magnetic gear. The additional drive element can be an axle that can accommodate a chain wheel or a toothed belt wheel and transmit torque, for example by being provided with longitudinal grooves for a form-fitting connection. The connection with the same speed results when the element of the magnetic gear is fastened immovably (rigidly) on the axis to the axis.

Alternative drive elements are a chainring or toothed belt wheel, another fastening element for a chainring or for a toothed belt wheel. It is also conceivable that the element of the transmission is formed into a chainring or toothed belt wheel in some areas, with the formations forming the drive element.

Ultimately, the pedal crank can also be regarded as a drive element if it is connected to the element of the magnetic gear at the same speed.

In all the cases listed above, the additional drive power comes from a rider of the bicycle in the form of pedaling power, introduced via pedals and a crank on the bicycle.

The output side delivers the power of the electric motor and the power of the driver, apart from small losses, usually on spokes using a molded ring of holes. The output side is connected to a second element of the magnetic gear.

Since an electric motor with diameters and lengths of just a few centimeters can only generate a comparatively small amount of torque, a high gear reduction is required in order to also realize the high torque made possible by the gearbox. A small number of poles of the first element operated at engine speed is advantageous for this purpose, ideally a 2-pole design, so that a soft-magnetic element of the transmission only reaches the extreme values of the hysteresis curve once during one revolution of the engine, which minimizes losses and maximizes efficiency. Materials with a high saturation polarization can thus be used, such as iron-cobalt alloys, which can be beneficial for a high torque or a compact design. Alternative materials are iron-nickel or iron-silicon alloys. In order to avoid eddy currents, these materials are built in (or are present) as sheet metal insulated from one another or as bonded, electrically insulated powder particles.

With a high torque, it is possible to dispense with a gear shift, or - in an alternative embodiment - to use only a bottom bracket gear shift. The bicycle auxiliary drive can deliver the high additional torque required on inclines, when driving slowly, which is otherwise generated by the gear reduction. As there is no gear shift on the rear wheel, the auxiliary drive can be used with a toothed belt drive, in which the toothed belt transmits the drive power from the pedal crank to the rear wheel.

A prerequisite for the suitability of a support drive for a bicycle is also safe and controlled operation, which is achieved by the embodiment according to the invention. There is also the option of operating the drive recuperatively, which avoids losses and results in a longer range for a given battery capacity. The drive also integrates a braking function. The weight of the entire system consisting of the accumulator battery and the electromechanical drive is optimized. Batteries with lithium electrodes are particularly advantageous, as they have a high energy density and power density, but also require special protective measures in which the drive is integrated in order to meet market requirements. Various sensors can be used for this, which provide values for temperature, current and voltage, for example, which can be compared with the manufacturer's specifications for the permissible range. In order to avoid damage or a fire to the battery or the motor, a power connection to the drive can be interrupted if you leave this area.

The accumulator battery can be installed in or on the down tube or in or on the seat tube in order to enable a low center of gravity and thus good climbing performance of the drive. Apart from being installed in the down tube, such an arrangement is also suitable for enabling the support drive and the associated components to be retrofitted.

1. 1. Der Fahrrad-Unterstützungsantrieb bezieht eine Antriebsleistung aus einer ersten Quelle und eine Leistung aus einer elektrischen Speicherquelle und führt diese Leistungen auf ein Rad des Fahrrads, insbesondere ein Speichenrad, zusammen. An jener Stelle wird die Leistung ausgeleitet. Mit einem elektrischen Antriebsmotor und mit einem die Antriebsleistung aus der ersten Quelle aufnehmenden und weiterleitenden Antriebsbauteil, wie z. B. Riemenrad, Kettenrad oder Kettenblatt, ist das Fahrrad-Unterstützungsgetriebe ausgestattet. Der Antriebsmotor und das Antriebsbauteil sind durch ein Magnetgetriebe gekoppelt, wobei das Magnetgetriebe ein eine Antriebsleistung ausleitendes Element hat, das vorteilhafterweise Teil des drei Elemente umfassenden Magnetgetriebes ist, die magnetisch gekoppelt sind und die gegeneinander verdrehbar gelagert sind.
2. 2. Der Antriebsmotor hat einen ortsfesten Stator und einen um eine Rotationsachse rotierenden Rotor.
3. 3. Der Rotor des Antriebsmotors ist mit dem Magnetgetriebe mechanisch verbunden oder der Rotor ist Teil des Magnetgetriebes.
4. 4. Die Rotationsachse des Rotors und eine Rotationsachse des Magnetgetriebes fallen zusammen.
5. 5. Die Rotationsachse des Rotors und die verdrehbaren Elemente des Magnetgetriebes sind koaxial angeordnet.
6. 6. Der Rotor und ein erstes Element der drei Elemente des Magnetgetriebes sind drehzahlgleich verbunden.
7. 7. Ein zweites Element der drei Elemente des Magnetgetriebes bildet eine Abtriebsseite.
8. 8. Der Antriebsmotor ist ein Synchronmotor.
9. 9. Der Stator ist ortsfest zu einem Stützelement angeordnet.
10. 10. Der Rotor beinhaltet mehr als einen Permanentmagneten.
11. 11. Zwei Elemente des Magnetgetriebes weisen zumindest einen Permanentmagneten auf, vorzugsweise weist zumindest ein Element zwei oder mehrere Permanentmagnete auf.
12. 12. Die Permanentmagnete sind so orientiert, dass sie in dem sie tragenden Element angeordnet oder in der sie tragenden Komponente angeordnet Pole bilden können.
13. 13. Die Permanentmagnete bestehen aus Neodym-Eisen-Bor.
14. 14. In dem Magnetgetriebe hat das gegenüber den zwei Elementen bewegliche dritte Element Strukturen aus weichmagnetischen Eisenlegierungen, wie Kobalt-Eisen, und befindet sich zwischen dem ersten und zweiten Element.
15. 15. Die Spulen, der Rotor und zumindest zwei der Elemente des Magnetgetriebes haben einen zylindrischen Bereich mit einer Länge von nicht mehr als 20 cm, vorteilhaft weniger als 15 cm, besonders vorteilhaft weniger als 11 cm, und einem Durchmesser von nicht mehr als 20 cm, vorteilhaft sogar weniger als 14 cm, besonders vorteilhaft weniger als 12 cm, idealerweise weniger als 10 cm. Der Bauraum ist derart (mit solchen Abmessungen eingeschlossen) umschlossen.
16. 16. Durch ein Dichtelement gegen das Eindringen von Flüssigkeit und/oder Partikel ist der Bereich geschützt, wobei das weitere Antriebselement und das Stützelement sich zumindest teilweise außerhalb des abgedichteten Bereichs befinden.
17. 17. An dem mit dem Rotor angetriebenen Element des Magnetgetriebes sind die Pole entlang einer Spirallinie oder mehrerer Spirallinien angeordnet, insbesondere zumindest bereichsweise entlang einer zylindrischen Spirallinie oder mehrerer zylindrischer Spirallinien, wobei die Spirallinie an einem Punkt einen sich durch eine infinitesimale Rotation dieses Punktes um die Rotationsachse ergebenden Vektor in einem Winkel von kleiner 40° schneidet, während die Pole des zweiten Elements eine andere Anordnung haben, idealerweise Nord-Pol und Süd-Pol winkel-gleich alternierend bezogen auf einen Winkel um die Rotationsachse, wobei die Strukturen des dritten, zwischen dem ersten und dem zweiten befindlichen Elements in Bereichen zwischen einem Pol des ersten Elements und dem entgegengesetzten Pol des zweiten Elements verstärkt sind und in Bereichen gleichnamiger Pole des ersten und des zweiten Elements vermindert sind.
18. 18. An der koaxialen Anordnung ist eine Aufnahme für ein Zahnrad oder ein koaxiales Zahnrad, insbesondere ein einzelnes Zahnrad, wie für einen Zahnriemen, befestigt.
19. 19. Idealerweise ist die Abtriebsseite mit einem Lochkranz zur Aufnahme von Speichen versehen.
20. 20. Der Lochkranz hat so viele alternierende Pole im zweiten Element des Magnetgetriebes, dass eine Untersetzung von mindestens 20:1 erreicht wird, während das erste Element des Magnetgetriebes idealerweise nur ein effektives Polpaar hat, wobei es eine vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung ist, in der das weitere Antriebselement mit der Abtriebsseite drehzahlgleich verbunden ist und das zweite oder dritte Element des Magnetgetriebes in Bezug auf den Stator des Elektromotors fixiert ist, wobei insbesondere die drei Elemente des Magnetgetriebes hohlzylinderförmig ausgestaltet sind und ineinander liegen und idealerweise den Elektromotor ummanteln.
21. 21. Dem Motor ist idealerweise eine Steuerelektronik zugeordnet.
22. 22. Die Steuerelektronik ist mittels einer Steuerschaltung mit Ausgängen und Eingängen, wie bei einem programmierten Mikrocontroller mit Interface-Schaltungen, und mittels mehrerer Leistungshalbleiter mit einem Steuereingang, beispielsweise Gates eines MOSFETS, des Motors verbunden, wobei der Steuereingang der Leistungshalbleiter mit dem Ausgang der Steuerschaltung verbunden ist. Die Steuerelektronik ist mit einer in einer Reihe verschalteten Batterie von Akkumulatorzellen verbunden. Vorzugsweise haben die Akkumulatorzellen Lithium enthaltende Elektroden. Die Schaltung bildet eine Spannungsformanpassungsschaltung, beispielsweise durch Anordnung der Leistungshalbleiter in einer Brückenschaltung, das ein antriebleistungsübertragendes Bindeglied zwischen einer Gesamtgleichspannung der Batterie und einer Betriebsspannung, insbesondere einer Betriebswechselspannung, des Motors ist.
23. 23. Die Steuerschaltung ist mit mehreren, besser 4 oder noch besser 5, idealerweise allen, der nachfolgenden Sensorarten ausgestattet:
    • • mit einem Temperatursensor, mit zwei Temperatursensoren oder mit mehreren Temperatursensoren innerhalb der Batterie,
    • • mit einem Temperatursensor innerhalb des Motors,
    • • mit einem Spannungssensor zugeordnet der Gesamtgleichspannung der Batterie,
    • • mit mehreren Spannungssensoren zugeordnet einzelnen Abschnitten der Reihe,
    • • mit einem Tretsensor, beispielsweise gebildet durch einen Drehmomentsensor bzw. einem Dehnungssensor an der Aufnahme des Zahnrads oder einem anderen Antriebselement,
    • • mit einem Stromsensor, der einen elektrischen Strom von der Batterie zur Spannungsformanpassungsschaltung erfasst, und/oder
    • • mit einem Stromsensor, der einen Strom von der Spannungsumformungsschaltung zu dem Motor erfasst, oder
    • • mit zwei Stromsensoren, die zwei Ströme von der Spannungsumformungsschaltung zu dem Motor erfassen,
    • • mittels elektrischen Leitungen verknüpft.
24. 24. Das alles kann in einem Fahrrad eingebaut sein.
25. 25. Auch kann der Fokus auf die eigentliche Magnetgetriebe-Kombination gelegt werden, bei der das Magnetgetriebe mit einem Antriebsmotor ausgestattet ist (mit einer elektromagnetischen Maschine), um Antriebsleistung und eine Antriesdrehzahl des Antriebsmotors in der Drehzahl zu reduzieren und ggf. das Antriebsmoment zu erhöhen. Hierbei werden Elemente mit unterschiedlichen magnetischen Polen eingesetzt. Diese Elemente können durchgezählt werden, also als erstes, zweites, drittes Element bezeichnet werden bzw. als „Element A“ und als „Element B“ usw. adressiert werden.
26. 26. Eine solche Vorrichtung kann zu einem Verfahren zur Kopplung zweier Antriebsleistungen verwendet werden.
27. 27. Ein Betriebsverfahren für einen Fahrrad-Unterstützungsantrieb kann bei einer niedrigeren ersten Drehzahl des Rotors dessen Antriebsdrehmoment auf einen höheren ersten maximalen Wert begrenzen und bei einer höheren zweiten Drehzahl des Rotors dessen Antriebsdrehmoment auf einen niedrigeren zweiten maximalen Wert begrenzen, und oberhalb einer Grenzdrehzahl des Rotors erfolgt die Leistungsübertragung gänzlich über die Aufnahme für ein Zahnrad oder das Zahnrad.
28. 28. Das Betriebsverfahren arbeitet derart, dass im Falle von Sensorwerten außerhalb eines zulässigen Bereichs die elektrische Leistungsübertragung an den Elektromotor unterbrochen wird.
29. 29. Das Betriebsverfahren kann auch dafür sorgen, dass der Elektromotor durch die Steuerelektronik in einem weiteren Betriebszustand invers, als ein Generator, betrieben wird und einen Strom in den Akkumulator zurückspeist.
30. 30. Ein solcher Fahrrad-Unterstützungsantrieb kann dazu verwendet werden, dass der Fahrrad-Unterstützungsantrieb zur Leistungssummation einer elektrischen Antriebsleistung und einer durch Muskelkraft aufbringbaren Leistung genutzt wird.

The relationships presented above can also be summarized by the following points:

1. 1. The bicycle support drive draws drive power from a first source and power from an electrical storage source and combines these powers onto a wheel of the bicycle, in particular a spoked wheel. At that point, the power is discharged. With an electric drive motor and with a drive power from the first source receiving and forwarding drive component such. B. pulley, sprocket or chainring, the bicycle auxiliary gear is equipped. The drive motor and the drive component are coupled by a magnetic gear, the magnetic gear having an element dissipating drive power, which is advantageously part of the magnetic gear comprising three elements which are magnetically coupled and which are mounted so as to be rotatable in relation to one another.
2. 2. The drive motor has a stationary stator and a rotor rotating about an axis of rotation.
3. 3. The rotor of the drive motor is mechanically connected to the magnetic gear or the rotor is part of the magnetic gear.
4. 4. The axis of rotation of the rotor and an axis of rotation of the magnet gear coincide.
5. 5. The axis of rotation of the rotor and the rotatable elements of the magnetic gear are arranged coaxially.
6. 6. The rotor and a first element of the three elements of the magnetic gear are connected at the same speed.
7. 7. A second element of the three elements of the magnetic gear forms an output side.
8. 8. The drive motor is a synchronous motor.
9. 9. The stator is arranged stationary to a support element.
10. 10. The rotor contains more than one permanent magnet.
11. 11. Two elements of the magnetic gear have at least one permanent magnet, preferably at least one element has two or more permanent magnets.
12. 12. The permanent magnets are oriented in such a way that they can form poles when placed in the element that supports them or when placed in the component that supports them.
13. 13. The permanent magnets are made of neodymium iron boron.
14. 14. In the magnetic gear, the third element movable relative to the two elements has structures made of soft magnetic iron alloys such as cobalt-iron and is located between the first and second elements.
15. 15. The coils, the rotor and at least two of the elements of the magnetic gear have a cylindrical portion with a length of no more than 20 cm, advantageously less than 15 cm, more advantageously less than 11 cm, and a diameter of no more than 20 cm , advantageously even less than 14 cm, particularly advantageously less than 12 cm, ideally less than 10 cm. The installation space is enclosed in such a way (with such dimensions included).
16. 16. The area is protected against the ingress of liquid and/or particles by a sealing element, with the further drive element and the support element being located at least partially outside the sealed area.
17. 17. On the element of the magnetic gear driven by the rotor, the poles are arranged along a spiral line or several spiral lines, in particular at least in certain areas along a cylindrical spiral line or several cylindrical spiral lines, with the spiral line becoming one at one point through an infinitesimal rotation of this point around the The vector resulting from the rotation axis intersects at an angle of less than 40°, while the poles of the second element have a different arrangement, ideally the north pole and south pole alternating at the same angle in relation to an angle around the rotation axis, with the structures of the third, between the first and second elements are increased in regions between one pole of the first element and the opposite pole of the second element and decreased in regions of like poles of the first and second elements.
18. 18. On the coaxial arrangement is a mount for a gear wheel or a coaxial gear wheel, in particular a single gear wheel, such as for a toothed belt, attached.
19. 19. Ideally, the output side is provided with a ring of holes to accommodate spokes.
20. 20. The ring of holes has so many alternating poles in the second element of the magnetic gear that a gear reduction of at least 20:1 is achieved, while the first element of the magnetic gear ideally has only one effective pair of poles, it being an advantageous embodiment in which the further The drive element is connected to the output side at the same speed and the second or third element of the magnetic gear is fixed in relation to the stator of the electric motor, with the three elements of the magnetic gear being designed in particular as hollow cylinders and lying inside one another and ideally encasing the electric motor.
21. 21. Ideally, control electronics are assigned to the motor.
22. 22. The control electronics are connected to a control input, for example gates of a MOSFET, of the motor by means of a control circuit with outputs and inputs, as in a programmed microcontroller with interface circuits, and by means of several power semiconductors, with the control input of the power semiconductor being connected to the output of the control circuit connected is. The control electronics are connected to a series-connected battery of accumulator cells. The accumulator cells preferably have lithium-containing electrodes. The circuit forms a voltage form matching circuit, for example by arranging the power semiconductors in a bridge circuit, which is a driving power-transmitting link between a total DC voltage of the battery and an operating voltage, in particular an operating AC voltage, of the motor.
23. 23. The control circuit is equipped with several, better 4 or even better 5, ideally all, of the following sensor types:
    • • with one temperature sensor, with two temperature sensors or with several temperature sensors inside the battery,
    • • with a temperature sensor inside the engine,
    • • assigned to the total DC voltage of the battery with a voltage sensor,
    • • with several voltage sensors assigned to individual sections of the series,
    • • with a pedaling sensor, for example formed by a torque sensor or a strain sensor on the mount of the gear or another drive element,
    • • with a current sensor that detects an electric current from the battery to the voltage form matching circuit, and/or
    • • with a current sensor that detects a current from the voltage conversion circuit to the motor, or
    • • with two current sensors that detect two currents from the voltage conversion circuit to the motor,
    • • linked by means of electrical lines.
24. 24. All of this can be built into a bicycle.
25. 25. The focus can also be placed on the actual magnetic gear combination, in which the magnetic gear is equipped with a drive motor (with an electromagnetic machine) in order to reduce drive power and a drive speed of the drive motor in speed and, if necessary, to increase the drive torque . Elements with different magnetic poles are used here. These elements can be numbered, i.e. they can be referred to as the first, second, third element or addressed as “Element A” and “Element B” and so on.
26. 26. Such a device can be used in a method for coupling two drive powers.
27. 27. An operating method for a bicycle support drive can limit its drive torque to a higher first maximum value at a lower first speed of the rotor and limit its drive torque to a lower second maximum value at a higher second speed of the rotor, and above a limit speed of the rotor the power is transmitted entirely via the mount for a gear or the gear.
28. 28. The operating method works in such a way that in the event of sensor values outside a permissible range, the electrical power transmission to the electric motor is interrupted.
29. 29. The operating method can also ensure that the electric motor is operated by the control electronics in a further operating state inversely, as a generator, and feeds current back into the accumulator.
30. 30. Such a bicycle support drive can be used for the purpose that the bicycle support drive is used for the power summation of an electrical drive power and a power that can be applied by muscle power.

character list

• 1 bis 7 ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel zeigen, bei dem
• 1 einen Unterstützungsantrieb aus einer ersten Blickrichtung (Seitenansicht), bei dem ein Gehäuse des Unterstützungsantrieb geöffnet ist,
• 2 den Unterstützungsantrieb nach 1 in einem geschlossenen Gehäuse von einer zweiten Blickrichtung (insbesondere entgegengesetzte Seite),
• 3 ein erstes Element eines Magnetgetriebes für den Unterstützungsantrieb nach den 1 und 2,
• 4 einen Querschnitt eines zweiten Elements des Magnetgetriebes nach 3, zusammen mit zwei Lochkränzen und zwei Dichtscheiben (ungeschnitten),
• 5 einen Querschnitt durch einen Ausschnitt eines dritten Elements des Magnetgetriebes,
• 6 eine Abwicklung der Struktur des dritten Elements des Magnetgetriebes nach 5 und
• 7 ein Schema einer dazugehörigen Elektronik zeigt und
• 8 eine alternative Ausgestaltung eines ersten Elements eines erfindungsgemäßen Magnetgetriebes,
• 9 eine alternative Ausgestaltung eines ersten Elements eines erfindungsgemäßen Magnetgetriebes,
• 10 eine zu den Ausgestaltungen nach 8 und 9 passende Ausgestaltung eines dritten Elements eines Magnetgetriebes,
• 11 eine weitere alternative Ausgestaltung eines ersten Elements eines Magnetgetriebes und
• 12 eine zu 11 passende Ausgestaltung eines dritten Elements eines Magnetgetriebes

zeigt.The present invention can be understood even better if reference is made to the accompanying figures, which present particularly advantageous configuration options by way of example, without restricting the present invention to these, wherein

• 1 until 7 show a first embodiment in which
• 1 a support drive from a first viewing direction (side view), in which a housing of the support drive is open,
• 2 the support drive 1 in a closed housing from a second viewing direction (especially opposite side),
• 3 a first element of a magnetic gear for the support drive according to 1 and 2 ,
• 4 a cross section of a second element of the magnetic gear 3 , together with two hole rings and two sealing washers (uncut),
• 5 a cross section through a section of a third element of the magnetic gear,
• 6 a development of the structure of the third element of the magnetic gear 5 and
• 7 shows a schematic of the associated electronics and
• 8th an alternative embodiment of a first element of a magnetic gear according to the invention,
• 9 an alternative embodiment of a first element of a magnetic gear according to the invention,
• 10 one to the configurations 8th and 9 suitable design of a third element of a magnetic gear,
• 11 a further alternative embodiment of a first element of a magnetic gear and
• 12 one to 11 suitable design of a third element of a magnetic gear

indicates.

character description

1 until 7 show a first embodiment. Variations of the first and the third element can be the 8th until 12 remove. Thus, for further exemplary embodiments according to the invention, the corresponding figures from the first compilation of a suitable embodiment according to 1 until 7 by an alternative representative figure from the series 8th until 12 to replace. For example, instead of that 3 the 8th be used to create another embodiment on the 1 , 2 and 4 until 7 as well as on 8th builds up.

• - Stator 1 des Elektromotors 70,
• - Rotor 2 des Elektromotors 70, drehbar um die Rotationsachse,
• - erstes Element 3 des Magnetgetriebes 12,
• - drittes Element 4 des Magnetgetriebes 12,
• - zweites Element 5 des Magnetgetriebes 12.

Becomes 1 combined with 7 considered, so shows 1 the interior of a bicycle Assist drive 10. Located coaxially around an axis of rotation 7 from inside to outside:

• - Stator 1 of the electric motor 70,
• - Rotor 2 of the electric motor 70, rotatable about the axis of rotation,
• - first element 3 of the magnetic gear 12,
• - third element 4 of the magnetic gear 12,
• - second element 5 of the magnetic gear 12.

In the drawn, advantageous embodiment 1 the stator 1 has an essentially cylindrical design and is surrounded by a rotor 2 in an essentially hollow-cylindrical shape with a small air gap (not shown here (enlarged)). The first element 3 of the magnetic gear 12 is fastened to the rotor 2 so that it can also be rotated about the axis of rotation 7 and is connected to the rotor 2 at the same speed, whereby a drive line of the rotor 2 can be transmitted to the first element 3 of the magnetic gear 12 . The first element 3 of the magnetic gear 12 encases the electric motor 70. The speed relates to the rotation about the axis of rotation 7. In the advantageous embodiment shown, the first element 3 has an essentially cylindrical outer surface. Permanent magnets are arranged on the first element 3 of the magnetic gear 12, which generate a radial magnetic field which varies along the surface and thus forms poles. In the simplest case, the magnets are oriented radially. In general, Halbach arrangements of the magnets can also be used. The first element 3 is followed by a third element 4, which has soft-magnetic structures and is located in a hollow-cylindrical area. This third element 4 is located between the first and a second element 5, which has a substantially cylindrical inner surface in the advantageous embodiment shown. Permanent magnets are arranged on the second element 3 of the magnetic gear 12, which generate a radial magnetic field which varies along the inner surface and thus forms poles. Practically, a small air gap (not shown) is realized between all three elements 3, 4, 5 of the magnetic gear 12, whereby all elements 3, 4, 5 in the coaxial arrangement about the axis of rotation 7 can be rotated in opposite directions. The first and second element 3, 5 can have a soft-magnetic carrier for the magnets, so that an air gap between the magnets is reduced there. The second element 5 of the magnetic bearing represents the output side, and in the advantageous embodiment shown is firmly connected to two rings of holes for spoke attachment 9, 9'. In the advantageous embodiment shown, a support element 6 connects the stator 1 firmly to the third element 4 of the magnetic gear 12 and allows rigid attachment 8 to the bicycle frame (not shown).

2 shows a closed support drive 10 from the opposite side. A cylindrical area of the support drive is sealed off by a sealing disk 21 . A second sealing washer 21' on the opposite side seals the cylindrical area there. An additional drive power, the pedaling power of the cyclist, is introduced into the magnetic gear 12 via a further drive element 2 . The additional drive element 2 is located in the advantageous embodiment shown, via the sealing disk in a rigid connection with the same speed to the second element 5 of the magnetic gear 12 and transmits the additional drive power to it, which is then transmitted to the output side and to the ring of holes assigned to the output side Spoke attachment 9 arrives. A drive power can be fed into the magnetic gear 12 (cf. 1 ) of the support drive 10 are introduced.

3 shows the first element 3 of the magnetic gear 12 in an advantageous embodiment. Permanent magnets are arranged to form a pole pair 40 which runs along a cylindrical helix. By a small angle 31 (less than 15 °, z. B. 5 °) between the orientation of the spiral 33 at a point 34 to the motion vector 32 of this point at an infinitesimal rotation about the axis of rotation 7, the volume for the magnetic Reflux can be reduced, and so the pole pair 30 can be made largely hollow. In the advantageous hollow-cylindrical embodiment shown here, the angle 31 is a pitch angle of the spiral. In terms of manufacturing technology, the spiral can be formed by individual permanent magnet segments that are arranged along the spiral line.

4 shows a cross section of another element of the magnetic gear 12, together with the ring of holes and the sealing washer (uncut). The 10 of the 20 pairs of poles 40 shown here together with the in 3 shown 2-pole (pole pairs forming element 30) first element 3 of the magnetic gear 12 forms a reduction of 1:20. A higher gear reduction results from a larger number of pole pairs arranged more densely.

5 shows schematically a cross section through a section of the third element 4 of the magnetic gear 12. This has a structured soft magnetic material that is hatched in cross section. The structure has reinforced areas 50 in which the soft magnetic Table material is reinforced compared to other areas, for example, has a greater thickness. The structure has reduced areas 51 in which the soft magnetic material is reduced compared to other areas, for example has a small thickness or is completely omitted. The exact shape depends on the desired torque transmission, torque ripple, manufacturing technology and the acceptable level of efficiency and is usually determined by arithmetical optimization, depending on the goal.

6 shows a development of this structure of the third element of the magnetic gear 12. Reinforced or thickened areas 50 are shown in black, reduced areas 51 are shown in white. This results in a soft magnetic structured element. The indicated axis of rotation 7 has been retained for orientation in the drawing, although the representation in the 6 is shown, the element in the unwound state, ie without axis of rotation 7 shows.

A structure can be composed of different materials or different alloys. However, the structure can also be recognized by the fact that it creates a body that has different thicknesses or different surface structures at different points. So e.g. B. have a first element alternately two different thicknesses. It is also possible to combine the different heights or thicknesses of the component, e.g. B. the first element to produce.

7 shows a schematic of the electronics. A battery 82 with 80 accumulator cells 60 connected in series provides current and voltage for the auxiliary drive. The current can be monitored using current sensor 64, and the total DC voltage of the battery resulting from the series connection using voltage sensor 63. For safe operation of battery 82, it makes sense to monitor the temperature of a rechargeable battery cell 60 or multiple rechargeable battery cells 60 using one or more within battery 82 associated temperature sensors 61 and to monitor the voltage by means of voltage sensors 62. This is converted into the operating voltage of the electric motor 70 by means of power semiconductors 68, which then converts it into mechanical drive power. This power path is controlled as a function of a pedaling sensor 66 . For example, no more power is transmitted when there is no pedalling, or when the electric motor reaches a maximum rotational speed, which is reflected in the frequency of the operating AC voltage. A power interruption also occurs when the sensors 61, 62, 63 provide values that are outside the permissible range. A temperature sensor 71 assigned to the motor, more precisely to the electric motor 70, monitors its temperature. For this purpose, all sensors 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 66 , 69 , 71 are connected via electrical lines 81 , bundled, as in bus systems and conductor tracks, to control electronics 65 , which can include a microcontroller 67 . It can also adjust the operating voltage and the current flow to the electric motor, determined via current sensors 69, so that energy is recuperated in the battery.

8th shows a further embodiment for a first element 3 'of a magnetic gear, z. B. for a magnetic gear (or also written as "magnetic gear") similar to the magnetic gear 12 after 1 . Permanent magnets form pole pairs 30'. They are arranged in such a way that they can form these pole pairs 30'. The permanent magnets are arranged in such a way that they run along the surface in the direction of rotation 90 (cf. 9 ) alternate only once, along the rotation axis 7' several times and at a closer distance (a comparison with the first direction). This allows the volume for the magnetic return flow to be reduced. In this case, the pole pairs 30' can be made (largely) hollow.

9 shows a first element 3" similar to that 8th for a magnetic gear 12 in a plan view of the axis of rotation 7 ^II in order to clarify the surface and the direction of rotation as well as the resulting orbit 90; orbit 90 is plotted alongside. The only pole pair 30" present in that sectional view can also be seen. In a section along orbit 90, only one pole pair 30" is present.

10 shows a development of this structure of the third element 4 'for a magnetic gear (z. B. for the magnetic gear 12 after 1 ), matching the in 8th and 9 First element 3' or 3" shown. Reinforced or thickened areas 50, in other words thickened perpendicularly to the axis of rotation ^7III , are shown in black, reduced areas 51 are shown in white. This results in a soft-magnetic structured element 4'. The axis of rotation 7 shown ^III has been retained in the drawing for guidance, although the representation shown in the 10 is shown, showing the element in the unwound state, ie without an axis of rotation 7 ^III .

11 shows a third variant of the first element 3 ^III of a magnetic gear (designed similarly to the magnetic gears presented above), in which the surface is fissured: the poles 30 ^III are raised, for example by orienting the permanent magnets parallel to the axis of rotation 7 ^IV , whereby they in total effectively an outward court form a permanent magnetic field, or by arranging the magnets in a Hallbach array, in which the magnets are oriented partially parallel and partially perpendicular to the axis of rotation 7 ^IV . as well as in 8th shown, the first element 3 ^III forms here as a result part of a magnetic gear, which can be referred to as a radial flux design. The first element 3 ^III of a magnetic drive in radial flux design has alternating magnetic poles in a direction along the surface and perpendicular to the orbit, i.e. here along a parallel to the axis of rotation 7 ^IV , in a denser spatial arrangement or arrangement, i.e. with a smaller distance , than along the orbit on the surface in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation 7 ^IV .

It should be noted that the axial-flux design (not shown here) behaves analogously: The first element 3 ^III of a magnetic drive in axial-flux design has alternating magnetic poles along a direction perpendicular to the direction of rotation and perpendicular to the axis of rotation - here i.e. in the radial direction to the axis of rotation - in a denser spatial arrangement, i.e. with a smaller distance, than along the orbit on the surface in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation.

12 shows a second variant of the third element 4" in cross section, matching the first element 11 and the inside 10 development of the third element shown. A flux concentrator results from the wedge-shaped configuration.

The design options shown in the individual figures can also be connected to one another in almost any form. For example, the permanent magnets in 4 be designed as a Hallbach array, the third element be designed to be continuous in the direction of the axis of rotation, instead of which the second element has alternating pairs of poles in the direction of the axis of rotation; the flux concentrator can be formed on each element, there can also be more than three elements that form the magnetic gear 12 or the core of the magnetic gear and so on.

Reference List

1

Stator of the (electric) motor

2

Rotor of the (electric) motor

3, 3I, 3II, 3III

first element of the magnetic gear

4, 4I, 4II, 4III

third element of the magnetic gear

5

second element of the magnetic gear

6

support element

7, 7I, 7II, 7III, 7IV

axis of rotation

8th

attachment

9

first ring of holes for spoke attachment

9I

second ring of holes for spoke attachment

10

Bicycle assist drive

12

magnetic gear

20

further drive element with a drive line

21

first sealing washer

21'

second sealing washer

30, 30',

alternating opposite pair of poles (opposite poles are black

30II, 30III

and shown in white)

31

angle

32

vector

33

Orientation of the spiral at a point

34

Point

40

alternating opposite pairs of poles (opposite poles are shown in black and white)

50, 50I, 50II

reinforced area

51, 51I, 51II

diminished area

60

accumulator cell

61

Temperature sensor (inside the battery)

62

Voltage sensor (assigned to sections)

63

Voltage sensor (assigned to total DC voltage)

64

first current sensor

65

control electronics

66

pedal sensor

67

microcontroller

68

power semiconductors

69

second current sensor

70

(Electric) motor

71

Temperature sensor (especially on or for the engine)

80

electrical connection

81

electrical lines (shown in simplified or bundled form)

82

battery

90

orbit

QUOTES INCLUDED IN DESCRIPTION

This list of documents cited by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent Literature Cited

• EP 2394903 A1 [0015]
• EP 2672147 A2 [0016]
• US 2016/0361988 A1 [0017]
• US7453176A [0018]
• US3378710A [0019]
• DE 202012101844 U1 [0019]
• US7982351A [0021]
• TW 1452825 B [0021]
• DE 102012101918 A1 [0021]
• JP 2017205008 A [0021]

Claims (30)

Bicycle support drive, which can combine drive power from a first source and power from an electrical storage source and transfer it to a wheel of the bicycle, in particular a spoked wheel, with an electric drive motor and with a drive component that receives and transmits the drive power from the first source, such as B. belt wheel, sprocket or chainring, characterized in that the drive motor and the drive component are coupled by a magnetic gear, wherein the magnetic gear comprises at least three mutually rotatable, magnetically coupled elements, one of which is an element dissipating drive power. Bicycle support drive after claim 1 , characterized in that the drive motor has a stationary stator and a rotor rotating about an axis of rotation. Bicycle support drive after claim 2 , characterized in that the rotor of the drive motor is mechanically connected to the magnetic gear or the rotor is part of the magnetic gear. Bicycle support drive after claim 2 or 3 , characterized in that the axis of rotation of the rotor and an axis of rotation of the magnet gear coincide. Bicycle support drive according to one of claims 2 until 4 , characterized in that the axis of rotation of the rotor and the rotatable elements of the magnetic gear are arranged in a coaxial arrangement. Bicycle support drive according to one of claims 2 until 5 , characterized in that the rotor and a first element of the three elements of the magnetic gear are connected at the same speed. Bicycle support drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a second element of the three elements of the magnetic gear forms an output side. Bicycle support drive according to one of claims 2 until 7 , characterized in that the drive motor is a synchronous motor. Bicycle support drive according to one of claims 2 until 8th , characterized in that the stator is arranged stationary to a support element. Bicycle support drive according to one of claims 2 until 9 , characterized in that the rotor includes more than one permanent magnet. Bicycle support drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that two elements of the magnetic gear have at least one permanent magnet, preferably at least one element has two or more permanent magnets. Bicycle support drive according to one of Claims 10 or 11 , characterized in that the permanent magnets are arranged in the supporting element or component in such a way that they form poles. Bicycle support drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the permanent magnets consist of neodymium-iron-boron. Bicycle support drive according to one of claims 2 until 13 , characterized in that in the magnetic gear, the third element movable with respect to the two elements has structures made of a soft magnetic iron alloy, such as cobalt-iron, and is located between the first and second elements. Bicycle support drive according to one of claims 9 until 14 , characterized in that the rotor and at least two of the elements of the magnetic gear are located within a cylindrical volume with a length of 20 cm, advantageously less than 15 cm, particularly advantageously less than 11 cm, and a diameter of 20 cm, advantageously less than 14 cm, particularly advantageously less than 12 cm, ideally less than 10 cm, and an interior in the cylindrical volume is protected against the ingress of liquid and/or particles by a sealing element, with a further drive element and the support element being at least partially located outside the cylindrical volume, and ideally the drive motor and the magnetic gear are arranged around a rear axle of the bicycle, preferably coaxially surrounding it. Bicycle support drive according to one of claims 2 until 15 , characterized in that on the element of the magnetic gear driven by the rotor, the poles are arranged along a spiral line or several spiral lines, in particular at least in certain areas along a cylindrical spiral line or several cylindrical spiral lines, the spiral line being one at a point by an infinitesimal rotation of this point around the axis of rotation intersect the resulting vector at an angle of less than 40°, while the poles of the second element have a different arrangement, ideally alternating north pole and south pole at the same angle in relation to an angle around the axis of rotation, whereby the structures of the third, between the first and second elements located are increased in areas between one pole of the first element and the opposite pole of the second element and decreased in areas of like poles of the first and second elements. Bicycle support drive according to one of Claims 5 until 16 , characterized in that on the coaxial arrangement a receptacle for a gear or a coaxial gear, in particular a single gear, such as a toothed belt, is attached. Bicycle support drive according to one of Claims 7 until 17 , characterized in that the element forming the output side is provided with a ring of holes for receiving spokes. Bicycle support drive according to one of Claims 7 until 18 , characterized in that the bicycle support drive with at least twenty-eight poles, which are polarized alternately or alternately to one another, creates a reduction of at least 14:1, ideally at least 20:1, in the second element of the magnetic gear, while the first element of the magnetic gear ideally has only a single effective pair of poles. Bicycle support drive according to one of Claims 15 until 19 , characterized in that the further drive element is connected to the output side at the same speed and the second or third element of the magnetic gear and the stator of the electric drive motor are fixed to one another. Bicycle support drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the three elements of the magnetic gear are designed in the form of hollow cylinders and lie one inside the other and ideally encase the electric drive motor. Bicycle support drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electric drive motor is assigned control electronics which are controlled by means of a control circuit with outputs and inputs, such as a programmed microcontroller with interface circuits, and with a plurality of power semiconductors, each power semiconductor having a control input is equipped, for example gates of a MOSFET, the control inputs of the power semiconductors being connected to outputs of the control circuit, to form a series-connected battery of accumulator cells, preferably with an alkali metal such as sodium or lithium-containing electrodes, forming a voltage shaping and/or voltage adjustment circuit, For example, by arranging the power semiconductors in a bridge circuit, which is a driving power-transmitting link between a total DC voltage of the battery and an operating voltage, in particular a Be AC drive voltage, the electric drive motor is. Bicycle support drive after Claim 22 , characterized in that the control circuit with several, better 4 or even better 5, ideally all, of the following sensor types, such as a temperature sensor, two temperature sensors or several temperature sensors within the battery, a temperature sensor within the motor, a voltage sensor associated with the total DC voltage of the Battery, several voltage sensors assigned to individual sections of the series, a pedaling sensor, for example formed by a torque sensor or a strain sensor on the mount of the gear wheel or another drive element, a current sensor of an electric current from the battery to the voltage form matching circuit and/or a current sensor of the one Current from the voltage conversion circuit to the motor is detected or two current sensors that detect two currents from the voltage conversion circuit to the motor are linked by means of electrical lines. Bicycle with a bicycle support drive according to one of the preceding claims. Magnetic gear combination, in particular for a bicycle support drive according to one of Claims 1 until 23 , with three coaxially mounted, mutually rotatable elements lined up along an axis of rotation and magnetically coupled, one of which is an element connected to a rotor of a rotating electromagnetic machine, such as a synchronous machine, which is coupled to the rotor coaxially and at a fixed speed, characterized in that a first element, preferably the element coupled to the rotor, of the three elements both having a first array of magnetic poles along an orbit on a surface of the first member, the orbit being guided about the axis of rotation and extending in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation, and in a direction along the surface and perpendicular to the orbit a second array of has alternating magnetic poles, and the second - in particular multiple - alternating array of poles is spatially denser than along the orbit, that a second element of the three elements has a second orbit determined by the axis of rotation, the second orbit being in a plane perpendicular e.g ur axis of rotation and wherein the second element has alternating magnetic poles along the second orbit on the second element, that a third element of the three elements made of a soft magnetic iron alloy, for example with the addition of cobalt, nickel, silicon, magnesium and / or vanadium, is produced, wherein the iron alloy is structured perpendicularly to the axis of rotation, that at least the second element has an alternating arrangement of the poles or the third element has structures along the direction perpendicular to the orbit that correspond in some areas to the arrangement of the poles along this direction in the first element, and that in the first and in the second element the magnetic poles are formed by permanent magnets, preferably of neodymium-iron-boron. Method for coupling two drive powers, in particular via an operating method for a bicycle support drive according to one of Claims 1 until 23 , characterized in that a bicycle support drive according to one of Claims 1 until 23 performs the pairing. Operating method for a bicycle support drive according to one of claims 2 until 23 , characterized in that at a lower first speed of the rotor whose drive torque is limited to a higher first maximum value and at a higher second speed of the rotor whose drive torque is limited to a lower second maximum value, and above a limit speed of the rotor the power transmission entirely takes place via the recording for a gear or the gear. operating procedures Claim 27 , characterized in that in the case of sensor values outside a permissible range, the electrical power transmission to the electric motor is interrupted. operating procedures Claim 27 or claim 28 , characterized in that the electric motor is operated by the control electronics in a further operating state inversely, as a generator, and feeds a current back into the accumulator: Use of a bicycle support drive according to one of Claims 1 until 23 , characterized in that the bicycle support drive is used for the power summation of an electrical drive power and a power that can be applied by muscle power.

Images