DE102021005961B3 - Smoke and heat extraction device and smoke and heat extraction system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a natural smoke and heat extraction device (1) with a pneumatic cylinder (2) which is set up to open an opening device, the natural smoke and heat extraction device (1) having a first line (3 ), a first gas container (4) which is arranged in the first line (3), a secondary line (5) connected to the first line (3), a second gas container (6) which is arranged in the secondary line (5). , a triggering unit (7) associated with the first gas container (4), which is set up to trigger the first gas container (4) when a predetermined condition occurs, and comprises a pressure valve (8) which is arranged in the secondary line (5), wherein the pressure valve (8) is set up to trigger the second gas container (6) at a predetermined pressure within the secondary line (5).

Description

The present invention relates to a natural smoke and heat exhaust ventilator and a smoke and heat exhaust ventilator comprising a plurality of natural smoke and heat ventilators.

A natural smoke and heat extraction device, also called NSHEV, typically includes a pneumatic cylinder which is set up to open an opening device, such as a skylight on a roof or a flap, in the event of a fire in order to evacuate hot and toxic smoke and fire gases from a building. Compressed gases such as carbon dioxide or nitrogen, which are stored in a gas tank, are typically used as the energy source for the pneumatic cylinder. In the event of a fire, a triggering unit of the natural smoke and heat exhaust ventilator triggers the gas container under a predetermined condition, so that the gas stored in it can flow via a corresponding line to a piston chamber of the pneumatic cylinder. The pneumatic cylinder which is connected to the closed opening device comprises a piston which is connected to a piston rod and which is movably arranged inside a cylinder tube of the pneumatic cylinder. The piston delimits a piston chamber together with the cylinder tube and a bottom cover of the pneumatic cylinder. After being triggered by a triggering unit, the gas stored in the gas container flows into the piston chamber of the pneumatic cylinder, as a result of which the pressure in the piston chamber increases. A force generated by the pressure increase acts on a bottom of the piston, whereby the piston moves towards a cover of the pneumatic cylinder and the opening device connected to the piston rod normally opens. As the piston moves towards the cover, the volume of the piston chamber increases, gradually reducing the pressure inside the piston chamber and hence the force on the bottom of the piston. The amount of gas stored in the gas container is consequently decisive for the force acting on the bottom of the piston. The opening device can only be opened by means of the gas stored in the gas container if a force counteracting the force acting on the bottom of the piston is smaller than the force acting on the bottom of the piston. If, for example, there is a load on the opening device, for example a snow load in the case of a skylight, or a force acts on the opening device, for example in the case of a facade flap a force as a result of an obstruction by branches of a tree or the like, the Gas generated force in the piston chamber is not sufficient to open the opening device in case of fire. As a result, the hot and toxic smoke and fumes would not be exhausted from the building. Instead, the smoke would make it difficult or difficult to see escape routes within the building and rescue those inside.

From the DE 83 26 617 U1 discloses a device for opening at least two compressed gas cartridges by means of spring-loaded opening pistons provided with puncture needles, which are mechanically secured against longitudinal displacement when at rest.

the DE 25 37 727 A1 discloses a control system for actuators, which can be actuated selectively by two different gaseous pressure media, for opening and closing light domes, ventilation and smoke extraction flaps or the like.

the DE 74 42 294 U discloses a cabinet for holding valuable or historical items that protects the items from the effects of fire that occur.

From the AT 266 419 B an emergency opening device for skylights, skylights or the like is known.

Natural smoke and heat exhaust ventilators must meet the requirements of the EN 12101-2 standard at European level. This standard stipulates that every natural smoke and heat exhaust ventilator may only have one trigger unit. The background is that when the tripping unit is tripped, a second tripping unit cannot automatically trip as well, since they function independently of one another. Consequently, according to the standard, it is not possible to arrange several gas containers, each with an associated release unit, on a natural smoke and heat extraction device. According to the associated EN 12101-10 standard, the size of the gas container filled with carbon dioxide or nitrogen is limited. On the one hand, the filling factor must not exceed a permissible value at a specific ambient temperature. On the other hand, the fill quantity at the specific ambient temperature must not exceed a specific value. For example, at a maximum ambient temperature of 68°C, the fill factor for carbon dioxide containers must not exceed a value of 0.71 kg/l, in which case the maximum fill quantity must not exceed a value of 150g carbon dioxide.

This leads to the fact that under certain circumstances, for example in the case that the opening device is designed as a skylight and on the skylight there is an above-average there is a large snow load, the amount of gas stored in the gas tank is not sufficient to open the opening device in the event of a fire.

It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide a new type of natural smoke and heat extraction device which solves the aforementioned problem.

This object is solved by a natural smoke and heat exhaust ventilation device with the features of the independent claim. Preferred embodiments and special developments of the natural smoke and heat exhaust ventilation device according to the invention are defined in the dependent claims.

The natural smoke and heat exhaust ventilator includes a pneumatic cylinder configured to open an opening device. In addition, the natural smoke and heat exhaust device has a first line connected to the pneumatic cylinder, a first gas tank which is arranged in the first line, and a secondary line connected to the first line. Furthermore, the natural smoke and heat exhaust ventilator comprises a second gas container, which is arranged in the secondary line, a triggering unit associated with the first gas container, which is set up to trigger the first gas container when a predetermined condition occurs, and a pressure valve, which is arranged in the secondary line , wherein the pressure valve is set up to trigger the second gas container at a predetermined pressure within the secondary line.

The natural smoke and heat extraction device according to the invention makes it possible in an advantageous manner that, in accordance with the standard, only one triggering unit is used, which triggers the first gas container when a predetermined condition occurs. On the other hand, the amount of gas available to generate the force of the pneumatic cylinder is increased, so that in the event of a fire the pneumatic cylinder can move greater loads or overcome greater forces and the opening device can be opened, despite the greater loads or greater forces acting on it, in order to hot and evacuate toxic smoke and fire gases from a building.

According to the invention, the pressure in the first line and in the secondary line connected to the first line is increased by the gas released in the first gas tank as a result of the first gas tank being triggered in the event of a fire. When a predetermined pressure is reached within the bypass, the pressure valve located within the bypass triggers the second gas tank. The quantity of gas stored in the first gas container flows via the first line into a piston chamber of the pneumatic cylinder. In addition, the quantity of gas stored in the second gas container also flows into the piston chamber via the secondary line and the first line. This increases a pressure in the piston chamber and consequently a force acting on a bottom of a piston of the pneumatic cylinder. With the natural smoke and heat exhaust device according to the invention, the pressure within the piston chamber can be guaranteed in the event of a fire as a result of an increase in the amount of gas, even if the natural smoke and heat exhaust device is designed in accordance with the standard. For example, the amount of gas can be doubled when using identical gas tanks for the first gas tank and the second gas tank. It is also conceivable that the second gas tank is selected in such a way that it can store twice the amount of gas compared to the first gas tank. In addition, a reverse configuration of the two gas containers is also possible. Furthermore, it is conceivable that several pneumatic cylinders connected to the first line are used. For example, two pneumatic cylinders can be used, each of which is arranged in an edge area of the opening device.

According to a preferred embodiment, a non-return valve can be arranged within the secondary line, which is set up to prevent gas from flowing from the first line into the secondary line in a predetermined direction.

For example, the secondary line can run from a first junction point of the first line to a second junction point of the first line. The non-return valve can be arranged downstream of the second gas tank and between the second gas tank and the second branching point.

This makes it possible that, after the first gas container has been triggered, the gas in the first gas container does not prevent the gas stored in the second gas container from flowing out after the second gas container has been triggered by the pressure valve. Thus, the gas of the second gas container can flow unhindered from the secondary line into the first line. Consequently, the gas from the second gas container can mix with the gas from the first gas container after it has been triggered in the first line.

The natural smoke and heat extraction device can preferably comprise at least one additional gas container which is arranged in a further secondary line. For example, the natural smoke and heat exhaust ventilator can have three, four or five additional gas tanks and three, four or five additional secondary lines.

This offers the advantage that the quantity of gas can be increased to increase the pressure in the piston chamber and thus to increase the force acting on the crown of the piston. In addition, with a predetermined total amount of gas from all the gas containers used, smaller and therefore more manageable gas containers can be used by using additional gas containers. As a result, for example, maintenance and replacement work on the gas tanks or installation work on the natural smoke and heat exhaust device can be facilitated.

The gas containers can each be filled with carbon dioxide or nitrogen. This applies both to the first and second gas tanks and to the other gas tanks.

According to a preferred embodiment, the predetermined condition may relate to a trigger temperature. The triggering temperature is advantageously at least 50°C, preferably at least 68°C, particularly preferably at least 93°C.

In the event of a fire, a melting piston of the triggering unit melts when the predetermined triggering temperature is reached, as a result of which a tensioned spring of the triggering unit is released and a needle of the triggering unit is pressed into the gas-filled first gas container. The gas stored in the gas container is released by pressing the needle of the triggering unit into the first gas container.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the predetermined condition can relate to a change in the composition of the air in addition to or instead of the triggering temperature. The predetermined condition can therefore alternatively or additionally be detected by a smoke detector.

This offers the advantage that, depending on the application, the first gas container can be triggered according to the predetermined condition.

The predetermined pressure is preferably at least 10 bar.

Such a design makes it possible to use the natural smoke and heat exhaust device or its opening device for daily ventilation. More precisely, a gas can be introduced into the first line for daily ventilation, which gas is fed into the piston chamber of the pneumatic cylinder to open the opening device, the pressure prevailing in the first line for daily ventilation in this case having to be less than 10 bar. In this case, the second gas tank is not triggered by the pressure valve.

According to the invention, a smoke and heat extraction system can comprise a plurality of natural smoke and heat extraction devices according to the embodiments described above. The smoke and heat extraction system can also have additional energy sources, by means of which the opening device of the smoke and heat extraction devices can be opened. For example, larger gas cylinders can be used as additional energy sources, which are arranged in a specially protected room and by means of which all or selected smoke and heat extraction devices can be controlled.

A particular embodiment of a natural smoke and heat exhaust ventilator will be explained in more detail in comparison with an embodiment of a natural smoke and heat ventilator according to the prior art with reference to the accompanying drawings.

• 1 eine schematische Darstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen natürlichen Rauch- und Wärmeabzugsgeräts, und
• 2 eine schematische Darstellung eines natürlichen Rauch- und Wärmeabzugsgeräts gemäß dem Stand der Technik.

Show it:

• 1 a schematic representation of a natural smoke and heat exhaust device according to the invention, and
• 2 a schematic representation of a natural smoke and heat exhaust device according to the prior art.

In 2 a natural smoke and heat exhaust ventilation device 1 is shown in accordance with a standard according to an embodiment of the prior art. The natural smoke and heat exhaust ventilator 1 according to the prior art comprises a pneumatic cylinder 2 connected to an opening device, not shown, for example a skylight or a facade flap. In addition, the natural smoke and heat exhaust ventilator 1 according to the prior art has a pneumatic cylinder 2 connected first line 3, which is connected to a first gas tank 4. According to the prior art, in the event of a fire, a triggering unit 7 associated with the first gas container 4 triggers the first gas container 4 . More precisely, in the event of a fire, when a predetermined triggering temperature of, for example, 93°C is reached, a melting piston of the triggering unit 7 melts, as a result of which a tensioned spring of the triggering unit 7 is released and a needle of the triggering unit 7 is pressed into the first gas container 4, which is presently filled with 120 g of carbon dioxide. By pressing the needle of the triggering unit 7 into the gas tank 4, the carbon dioxide stored in the gas tank 4 is released and flows through the first line 3 into the pneumatic cylinder linder 2. The pneumatic cylinder 2 connected to the closed opening device comprises a piston connected to a piston rod, which is movably arranged inside a cylinder tube of the pneumatic cylinder 2 . The piston, together with the cylinder tube and a bottom cover of the pneumatic cylinder 2, delimits a piston chamber. The carbon dioxide stored in the gas container 4 flows into the piston chamber of the pneumatic cylinder 2 after being triggered by the triggering unit 7. As a result, the pressure in the piston chamber increases. A force generated by the pressure increase acts on a bottom of the piston, whereby the piston moves toward a cover of the pneumatic cylinder 2 and the opening device connected to the piston rod normally opens. As the piston moves towards the cover, the volume of the piston chamber increases, gradually reducing the pressure inside the piston chamber and hence the force on the bottom of the piston. The amount of carbon dioxide stored in the first gas container 4 is therefore decisive for the force acting on the bottom of the piston. The opening device can only be opened by means of the carbon dioxide stored in the first gas container 2 if a force counteracting the force acting on the bottom of the piston is smaller than the force acting on the bottom of the piston. If, for example, there is a load on the opening device, for example a snow load in the case of a skylight, or a force acts on the opening device, for example in the case of a facade flap a force as a result of an obstruction by branches of a tree or the like, the Carbon dioxide amount of 120g generated force in the piston chamber is not sufficient to open the opening device in case of fire.

As in 1 shown, includes the inventive natural smoke and heat exhaust device 1 in addition to the components in the 2 illustrated natural smoke and heat exhaust device 1 according to the prior art further components. The natural smoke and heat exhaust ventilation device 1 according to the invention additionally comprises a secondary line 5 which is connected to the first line 3 and which extends from a first branching point of the first line 3 to a second branching point of the first line 3 . A section of the first line 3 from the first gas tank 4 to the first branching point in the present exemplary embodiment is shorter than a section of the first line 3 to the second branching point, but can also be longer. Within the secondary line 5, a pressure valve 5, a second gas tank 6 and a check valve 9 are arranged in the following order, starting from the first branching point in the direction of the second branching point. In the present case, the first gas tank 4 and the second gas tank 6 are each filled with 120 g of carbon dioxide. In addition, the filling factor of the two gas containers 4, 6 is 0.58 kg/l at a maximum ambient temperature of 93°C.

In the event of fire, the melting piston of the triggering unit 7 melts at a triggering temperature of, for example, 93° C., as a result of which the tensioned spring of the triggering unit 7 is released and the needle of the triggering unit 7 is pressed into the first gas container 4, which is filled with, for example, 120 g of carbon dioxide. By pressing the needle of the triggering unit 7 into the first gas container 4, the 120g of carbon dioxide stored in the first gas container 4 is released and flows into the first line 3 and into the pneumatic cylinder 2. By triggering the first gas container 4 or releasing the carbon dioxide stored in the first gas tank 4, the pressure in the secondary line 5 rises above a value of 10 bar. As a result, the pressure valve 8 triggers the second gas container 6 by means of a suitable device. The 120 g of carbon dioxide stored in the second gas tank 6 flows from the second gas tank 6 in the direction of the second branch point into the first line 3 and mixes there with the carbon dioxide in the first gas tank 4. The check valve 9 ensures that the released carbon dioxide of the first gas tank 4 does not impede the outflow of the carbon dioxide of the second gas tank 6 from the second gas tank 6 into the first line 1. As a result, a total of 240g of carbon dioxide flows into the piston chamber of pneumatic cylinder 2. As a result, the pressure in the piston chamber and the force acting on the piston head increase. The force generated is higher than the force that can be generated using the in 2 illustrated natural smoke and heat exhaust device 1 can be generated according to the prior art. Thus, in the event of a fire, natural smoke and heat extraction devices or their opening device can be opened, although larger loads or forces act on the opening device from the outside.

Reference List

1

natural smoke and heat exhaust ventilator

2

pneumatic cylinder

3

first line

4

first gas tank

5

secondary line

6

second gas tank

7

trigger unit

8th

pressure valve

9

check valve

Claims (9)

Natural smoke and heat exhaust ventilator (1) comprising: a pneumatic cylinder (2) which is set up to open an opening device; a first line (3) connected to the pneumatic cylinder (2); a first gas tank (4) which is arranged in the first line (3); a secondary line (5) connected to the first line (3); a second gas tank (6) which is arranged in the bypass line (5); a triggering unit (7) associated with the first gas container (4), which is set up to trigger the first gas container (4) when a predetermined condition occurs; and a pressure valve (8) which is arranged in the secondary line (5), the pressure valve (8) being set up to trigger the second gas container (6) at a predetermined pressure within the secondary line (5). Natural smoke and heat exhaust ventilator (1) according to claim 1 , wherein a check valve (9) is arranged in the secondary line (5), which is set up to prevent gas from flowing from the first line (3) into the secondary line (5) in a predetermined direction. Natural smoke and heat exhaust ventilator (1) according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the natural smoke and heat exhaust device (1) comprises at least one further gas container, which is arranged in a further secondary line. Natural smoke and heat exhaust ventilator (1) according to one of Claims 1 until 3 , The gas containers (4, 6) being filled with carbon dioxide or nitrogen. Natural smoke and heat exhaust ventilator (1) according to one of Claims 1 until 4 , wherein the predetermined condition relates to a trigger temperature. Natural smoke and heat exhaust ventilator (1) according to claim 5 , wherein the triggering temperature is at least 50°C, preferably at least 68°C, particularly preferably at least 93°C. Natural smoke and heat exhaust ventilator (1) according to one of Claims 1 until 4 , wherein the predetermined condition relates to an air composition change. Natural smoke and heat exhaust ventilator (1) according to one of Claims 1 until 7 , wherein the predetermined pressure is at least 10 bar. Smoke and heat extraction system comprising several natural smoke and heat extraction devices (1) according to one of Claims 1 until 8th .

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