DE102018009378A1 - Process for joining thermoplastic composite parts - Google Patents

Process for joining thermoplastic composite parts Download PDF

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Publication number
DE102018009378A1
DE102018009378A1 DE102018009378.7A DE102018009378A DE102018009378A1 DE 102018009378 A1 DE102018009378 A1 DE 102018009378A1 DE 102018009378 A DE102018009378 A DE 102018009378A DE 102018009378 A1 DE102018009378 A1 DE 102018009378A1
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Germany
Prior art keywords
components
needles
component
needle
matrix material
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DE102018009378.7A
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German (de)
Inventor
Alexei Vichniakov
Tassilo Witte
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Airbus Operations GmbH
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Airbus Operations GmbH
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Priority to DE102018009378.7A priority Critical patent/DE102018009378A1/en
Priority to EP19816574.8A priority patent/EP3887129B1/en
Priority to PCT/EP2019/083190 priority patent/WO2020109610A1/en
Priority to CN201980078684.8A priority patent/CN113165275A/en
Publication of DE102018009378A1 publication Critical patent/DE102018009378A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/562—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using extra joining elements, i.e. which are not integral with the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/562—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using extra joining elements, i.e. which are not integral with the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/564—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using extra joining elements, i.e. which are not integral with the parts to be joined hidden in the joint, e.g. dowels or Z-pins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/72—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by combined operations or combined techniques, e.g. welding and stitching
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/21—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being formed by a single dot or dash or by several dots or dashes, i.e. spot joining or spot welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/345—Progressively making the joint, e.g. starting from the middle
    • B29C66/3452—Making complete joints by combining partial joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/06—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using friction, e.g. spin welding
    • B29C65/0681—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using friction, e.g. spin welding created by a tool
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/03—After-treatments in the joint area
    • B29C66/032—Mechanical after-treatments
    • B29C66/0324—Reforming or reshaping the joint, e.g. folding over
    • B29C66/03241—Flattening
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7212—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the composition of the fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7394—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset
    • B29C66/73941—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset characterised by the materials of both parts being thermosets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/92—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/929—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools characterized by specific pressure, force, mechanical power or displacement values or ranges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/93—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed
    • B29C66/934—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed by controlling or regulating the speed
    • B29C66/93451—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed by controlling or regulating the speed by controlling or regulating the rotational speed, i.e. the speed of revolution
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/93—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed
    • B29C66/939—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed characterised by specific speed values or ranges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/30—Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/30—Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
    • B29L2031/3076—Aircrafts

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

Verfahren zum Verbinden von Bauteilen aus thermoplastischen Faserverbundwerkstoffen umfassend: das Positionieren der Bauteile zueinander; das Aufsetzen einer Nadel unter Druck; das Versetzen der Nadel in eine Rotationsbewegung, so dass das thermoplastische Matrixmaterial erweicht und die Nadel durch das erweichte Matrixmaterial der Bauteile geschoben wird; das Erstarren des thermoplastischen Matrixmaterials sowie verbundene Bauteile aus thermoplastischen Faserverbundwerkstoffen, die durch ein solches Verfahren erhältlich sind.A method of joining components made of thermoplastic fiber composite materials comprising: positioning the components relative to one another; putting a needle under pressure; setting the needle in a rotational movement so that the thermoplastic matrix material softens and the needle is pushed through the softened matrix material of the components; the solidification of the thermoplastic matrix material and connected components made of thermoplastic fiber composite materials, which can be obtained by such a process.

Description

Gebiet der ErfindungField of the Invention

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Verbinden von thermoplastischen Verbundwerkstoffteilen.The invention relates to a method for connecting thermoplastic composite parts.

Hintergrund der ErfindungBackground of the Invention

Thermoplastische Verbundwerkstoffe können als Alternative zu Verbundwerkstoffen auf der Basis von duromeren Harzen verwendet werden. Ihrer Matrix besteht im Gegensatz zu üblichen Verbundwerkstoffen nicht aus Polyester- oder Epoxydharz, sondern aus einem Thermoplastischen Kunststoff. Als solche Matrix bildenden thermoplastischen Kunststoffe können PEEK, PEAK, PPS, PES et.al. verwendet werden. In den thermoplastischen Kunststoff sind Verstärkungsfasern eingebettet. Als Verstärkungsfasern können Kohlenstofffasern, Kevlar- oder Glasfasern eingesetzt werden. Die Verstärkungsfasern sind dabei wie in herkömmlichen Faserverbundwerkstoffen in die Matrix eingebettet.
Aus Verbundwerkstoffen hergestellte Werkstücke können auf verschiedene Weise miteinander verbunden werden. Ein solches Verbinden kann durch Kleben erfolgen. Nicht in allen Anwendungsgebieten sind Klebeverbindungen üblich und verbreitet, beispielsweise in lasttragenden Bereichen von Fahrzeugen Strukturen. Ein Grund dafür ist die mangelhafte Prüfbarkeit der Verbindung: Eine Klebeverbindung, die zwischen zwei flächig verklebten teilen angeordnet ist, bleibt dem Auge des prüfenden Betrachters verborgen. Eine andere Verbindungstechnik ist das Verwenden von Befestigungselementen wie Nieten, Schrauben und/oder Bolzen. Um solche Befestigungselemente einzusetzen, müssten die zu verbindenden Werkstücke an den Verbindungsstellen gebohrt werden. Im Fall von Bauteilen aus thermoplastischen Verbundwerkstoffen stellt das Bohren des Werkstücks keine triviale Bearbeitung dar, weil das Matrixmaterial des thermoplastischen Verbundwerkstücks durch die Reibungswärme des Bohr Vorganges erwärmt wird. Außerdem werden durch das Bohren die lasttragenden Verstärkungsfasern durchtrennt.Thermoplastic composites can be used as an alternative to composites based on thermosetting resins. In contrast to common composite materials, their matrix does not consist of polyester or epoxy resin, but of a thermoplastic. As such matrix-forming thermoplastics, PEEK, PEAK, PPS, PES et.al. be used. Reinforcing fibers are embedded in the thermoplastic. Carbon fibers, Kevlar or glass fibers can be used as reinforcing fibers. The reinforcing fibers are embedded in the matrix as in conventional fiber composite materials.
Workpieces made from composite materials can be connected to one another in various ways. Such connection can be done by gluing. Adhesive connections are not common and widespread in all areas of application, for example in structures carrying loads. One reason for this is the inadequate testability of the connection: An adhesive connection, which is arranged between two surface-glued parts, remains hidden from the eye of the inspecting observer. Another connection technique is the use of fasteners such as rivets, screws and / or bolts. To use such fasteners, the workpieces to be connected would have to be drilled at the connection points. In the case of components made of thermoplastic composite materials, drilling the workpiece is not a trivial process because the matrix material of the thermoplastic composite workpiece is heated by the frictional heat of the drilling process. In addition, the load-bearing reinforcing fibers are severed by drilling.

Weiterhin sind selbstschneidende Schrauben als Verbindungsmittel bekannt, die mit einem durch die Reibungswärme des Einschraubens erweichbaren Dichtmaterials ausgestattet sind. Auch dieses Verbindungsmmittel setzt ein vorheriges Bohren mit der damit einhergehenden Schwächung des Fasermaterials voraus.Furthermore, self-tapping screws are known as connecting means, which are equipped with a sealing material that can be softened by the frictional heat of screwing. This connecting means also requires prior drilling with the attendant weakening of the fiber material.

Dem Stand der Technik fehlte es also an einer Verbindungstechnik, die es erlaubt Werkstücke aus thermoplastischen Verbundwerkstoffen ohne Schwächung der Verstärkungsfasern dauerhaft miteinander zu verbinden.The prior art therefore lacked a connection technology which allowed workpieces made of thermoplastic composite materials to be permanently connected to one another without weakening the reinforcing fibers.

Beschreibung der ErfindungDescription of the invention

Es hat sich nun für den Fachmann völlig überraschend herausgestellt, dass verbundene Bauteile aus thermoplastischen Faserverbundwerkstoffen , wobei die Verbindung der Bauteile durch Nadeln erfolgt, die unter Druck und Rotation in das dadurch erweichten Matrixmaterial der Bauteile eingeführt werden, den Nachteilen des Standes der Technik abhelfen. Die Erfindung umfasst auch ein Verfahren zum Verbinden von Bauteilen aus thermoplastischen Faserverbundwerkstoffen umfassend das Positionieren der Bauteile zueinander, das Aufsetzen einer Nadel unter Druck, Versetzen der Nadel in eine Rotationsbewegung, so dass das thermoplastische Matrixmaterial erweicht und die Nadel durch das erweichte Matrixmaterial der Bauteile geschoben wird, Erstarren des thermoplastischen Matrixmaterials.
Bei all dem ist es bevorzuhgt, wenn die Nadeln nicht senkrecht zur Bauteiloberfläche an der Ein- oder Austrittstelle angeordnet sind. Weiterhin ist bevorzugt, wenn der Winkel der die Bauteile miteinander verbindenden Nadel zur Oberfläche der verbundenen Bauteile weniger als 80°, bevorzugt weniger als 70°, besonders bevorzugt weniger als 60°, und ganz besonders bevorzugt weniger als 50° beträgt. Weiterhin ist bevorzugt, wenn die Nadel zylinderförmig ist. Weiterhin ist bevorzugt, wenn die Oberfläche der Nadel geriffelt ist. Weiterhin ist bevorzugt, wenn eine Mehrzahl von Nadeln paarweise über Kreuz zueinander angeordnet sind und dabei der Winkel benachbarter Nadeln zueinander im Wesentlichen 90° beträgt. Weiterhin ist bevorzugt, wenn der überstehende Teil der Nadeln so behandelt wird, dass eine ebene Bauteilfläche resultiert. Dies kann geschehen, indem der überstehende Teil der Nadeln umgebogen wird und/oder indem der überstehende Teil der Nadeln abgeschnitten wird. Weiterhin ist bevorzugt, wenn der überstehende Teil der Nadeln mit einem zusätzlichen Befestigungsmittel auf der Oberfläche der Bauteile fixiert wird. Weiterhin ist bevorzugt, wenn die Bauteile zusätzlich durch ein themoplastisches Schweißverfahren miteinander verbunden werden. Ein solches themoplastisches Schweißverfahren kann Laserschweißen, UltraschallSchweißen, Induktionsschweißen, Widerstandsschweißen oder Wärmeleitungsschweißen sein, entweder ein einzelnes dieser Verfahren oder eine Kombination mehrerer dieser Verfahren. Weiterhin ist bevorzugt, wenn eine Bauteiloberfläche ein Blitzschutzmaterial aufweist. Weiterhin ist bevorzugt, wenn das Blitzschutzmaterial aus metallischem Streckgitter besteht. Weiterhin ist bevorzugt, wenn eine Bauteiloberfläche ein Blitzschutzmaterial aus einer metallischen Lochfolie aufweist. Weiterhin ist bevorzugt, wenn die Kraft, mit der die Nadeln auf die Bauteil Oberfläche gedrückt werden, zwischen 50 und 1000 N, bevorzugt zwischen100 und 500 N liegt. Weiterhin ist bevorzugt, wenn die Rotationsfrequenz der rotierenden Nadel 5.000-2000 Umdrehungen pro Minute beträgt. Weiterhin ist bevorzugt, wenn die überstehenden Teile der Nadeln anschließend umgebogen werden, so dass die aus dem Bauteil herausragenden Teile der Nadeln flach auf der oder den Bauteiloberfläche(n) zu liegen kommt oder kommen. Weiterhin ist bevorzugt, wenn die überstehenden Teile der Nadeln anschließend so umgebogen werden, so dass die aus dem Bauteil herausragenden Teile der Nadeln mit einem ersten Teil flach auf der oder den Bauteiloberfläche(n) zu liegen kommt oder kommen und mit einem zweiten zum Teil im Wesentlichen senkrecht in die Bauteiloberfläche eindringen. Die Erfindung umfasst auch ein Fahrzeug, insbesondere ein Flugzeug mit erfindungsgemäßen Bauteilen.It has now turned out to be completely surprising to the person skilled in the art that connected components made of thermoplastic fiber composite materials, the components being connected by needles which are introduced under pressure and rotation into the matrix material of the components softened thereby, remedy the disadvantages of the prior art. The invention also includes a method for connecting components made of thermoplastic fiber composite materials comprising positioning the components relative to one another, placing a needle under pressure, setting the needle in a rotational movement so that the thermoplastic matrix material softens and the needle is pushed through the softened matrix material of the components solidification of the thermoplastic matrix material.
In all of this, it is preferred if the needles are not arranged perpendicular to the component surface at the entry or exit point. It is further preferred if the angle of the needle connecting the components to the surface of the connected components is less than 80 °, preferably less than 70 °, particularly preferably less than 60 °, and very particularly preferably less than 50 °. It is further preferred if the needle is cylindrical. It is further preferred if the surface of the needle is corrugated. It is further preferred if a plurality of needles are arranged in pairs in a crosswise manner to one another and the angle of adjacent needles to one another is essentially 90 °. It is further preferred if the protruding part of the needles is treated in such a way that a flat component surface results. This can be done by bending the protruding part of the needles and / or by cutting off the protruding part of the needles. It is further preferred if the protruding part of the needles is fixed on the surface of the components with an additional fastening means. It is further preferred if the components are additionally connected to one another by a themoplastic welding process. Such a themoplastic welding process can be laser welding, ultrasonic welding, induction welding, resistance welding or heat conduction welding, either a single one of these processes or a combination of several of these processes. It is further preferred if a component surface has a lightning protection material. It is further preferred if the lightning protection material consists of expanded metal mesh. It is further preferred if a component surface has a lightning protection material made of a perforated metal foil. It is further preferred if the force with which the needles are pressed onto the component surface is between 50 and 1000 N, preferably between 100 and 500 N. It is further preferred if the rotation frequency of the rotating needle is 5,000-2,000 revolutions per minute. It is further preferred if the protruding parts of the needles are subsequently bent over, so that the parts of the needles protruding from the component come or lie flat on the component surface (s). It is further preferred if the protruding parts of the needles are then bent over such that the parts of the needles protruding from the component come or come to lie flat on the component surface (s) and come with a second part in part Penetrate essentially vertically into the component surface. The invention also includes a vehicle, in particular an aircraft with components according to the invention.

Die oben beschriebenen Aspekte und weitere Aspekte, Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung können ebenfalls aus den Beispielen der Ausführungsformen entnommen werden, welche im Folgenden unter Bezugnahme auf die anhängenden Zeichnungen beschrieben werden.The above-described aspects and further aspects, features and advantages of the invention can also be taken from the examples of the embodiments, which are described below with reference to the attached drawings.

1 zeigt zwei verbundene Bauteile (1) aus thermoplastischen Faserverbundwerkstoffen. Dabei wird das verbundene Bauteil (1) aus einem ersten Bauteil (2) mit einem zweiten Bauteil (3) unter Verwendung von Nadeln (4) zusammengefügt. Die Nadeln (4) sind zylindrisch geformt und können eine glatte Oberfläche (4a) oder eine geriffelte Oberfläche (4b) aufweisen. Nadeln mit glatter Oberfläche (4a) weisen Vorteile bei ihrer Fertigung auf. Sie lassen sich besonders einfach herstellen. Nadeln mit geriffelter Oberfläche (4b) weisen Vorteile bei ihrer Verarbeitung sowie hinsichtlich der Haltbarkeit des zusammengesetzten Bauteils (1) auf. Durch die geriffelte Oberfläche kann durch eine dünnere u. u. u. U Nadel Reibungswärme mit einer höheren Leistungsdichte erzeugt werden, was eine schnellere Verarbeitung der Nadel ermöglicht. Darüber hinaus halten die geriffelte Nadeln nachdem Erstarren des thermoplastischen Matrixmaterials die Bauteile (2) und (3) besser zusammen. Zusätzlich kommt es bei Verwendung geriffelter und dünnerer Nadeln zu weniger Verformungen und zu weniger Schäden der lasttragenden Fasern in den Bauteilen (2) und (3), so dass das verbundene Bauteil verbesserte mechanische Eigenschaften aufweist. 1 shows two connected components ( 1 ) made of thermoplastic fiber composite materials. The connected component ( 1 ) from a first component ( 2nd ) with a second component ( 3rd ) using needles ( 4th ) put together. The needles ( 4th ) are cylindrical in shape and can have a smooth surface ( 4a ) or a corrugated surface ( 4b ) exhibit. Needles with a smooth surface ( 4a ) have advantages in their manufacture. They are particularly easy to manufacture. Ribbed surface needles ( 4b ) have advantages in their processing and in terms of the durability of the assembled component ( 1 ) on. Due to the corrugated surface, a thinner uuu U needle can generate frictional heat with a higher power density, which enables faster processing of the needle. In addition, after the thermoplastic matrix material has solidified, the corrugated needles hold the components ( 2nd ) and ( 3rd ) better together. In addition, there is less deformation and less damage to the load-bearing fibers in the components when using corrugated and thinner needles ( 2nd ) and ( 3rd ), so that the connected component has improved mechanical properties.

2 zeigt die Verarbeitung erfindungsgemäßer Nadeln (4) zu erfindungsgemäßen Bauteilen (1). Die Nadel (4) wird in Rotation (5) versetzt und mit Druck (6) auf die Oberfläche des Bauteils (2) gedrückt. Dabei bildet sich durch die entstehende Reibungswärme an der Spitze der Nadel (4) eine Zone mit geschmolzenen Matrixmaterial (7), in die die Nadel (4) vorgeschoben werden kann. Dabei werden die lasttragenden Fasern des Bauteils (2) im Wesentlichen nicht beschädigt, sondern so deformiert, dass die Nadel (4) durch die Faserlagen des Bauteils (2) hindurch dringen kann. 2nd shows the processing of needles according to the invention ( 4th ) to components according to the invention ( 1 ). The needle ( 4th ) is in rotation ( 5 ) offset and with pressure ( 6 ) on the surface of the component ( 2nd ) pressed. The frictional heat generated at the tip of the needle ( 4th ) a zone with molten matrix material ( 7 ) into which the needle ( 4th ) can be advanced. The load-bearing fibers of the component ( 2nd ) essentially not damaged, but deformed so that the needle ( 4th ) due to the fiber layers of the component ( 2nd ) can penetrate.

3 zeigt verbundenen Bauteile (2,3), bei denen die Nadeln (4) nicht parallel zueinander ausgerichtet sind. Vielmehr bilden die Nadeln (4) einen Winkel (8) zueinander. In 3 beträgt dieser Winkel (8) 90°, es sind aber auch andere Winkel (8) der Nadeln (4) zueinander realisierbar. Eine Vielzahl solcher im rechten Winkel zueinander angeordneten Nadeln (4) kann die mechanischen Eigenschaften des verbundenen Bauteils (1) weiter verbessern.
Die Nadeln (4) können parallel zur Oberfläche der Bauteile (2,3) abgeschnitten und die Oberfläche durch Schleifen und Polieren egalisiert werden. 3rd shows connected components ( 2nd , 3rd ) where the needles ( 4th ) are not aligned parallel to each other. Rather, the needles ( 4th ) an angle ( 8th ) to each other. In 3rd is this angle ( 8th ) 90 °, but there are other angles ( 8th ) the needles ( 4th ) realizable to each other. A large number of such needles arranged at right angles to one another ( 4th ) the mechanical properties of the connected component ( 1 ) improve further.
The needles ( 4th ) parallel to the surface of the components ( 2nd , 3rd ) cut off and the surface can be leveled by grinding and polishing.

Figur vier zeigt auf der Oberfläche der Bauteile (2,3) herausragende Abschnitte (9) der Nadeln (4), die durch umbiegen die Festigkeit des verbundenen Bauteils (1) weiter erhöhen können. Dazu kann der herausragende Abschnitt (9) der Nadel (4) mit Hilfe eines Biegewerkzeugs (19) umgebogen werden. Vorteilhaft kann es sein, wenn der herausragende Teil (9) der Nadeln (4) mehrere Biegestellen (11) aufweist. Ein Schenkel (12) des herausragenden Abschnitts (9) kann unter Druck in die Oberfläche des Bauteils (2) hineingetrieben werden.Figure four shows on the surface of the components ( 2nd , 3rd ) outstanding sections ( 9 ) the needles ( 4th ) by bending the strength of the connected component ( 1 ) can further increase. The outstanding section ( 9 ) the needle ( 4th ) with the help of a bending tool ( 19th ) are bent. It can be advantageous if the protruding part ( 9 ) the needles ( 4th ) several bending points ( 11 ) having. One leg ( 12 ) of the outstanding section ( 9 ) can press into the surface of the component ( 2nd ) are driven into it.

Es wird angemerkt, dass beschriebenen Ausführungsformen lediglich illustrative und nicht beschränkend sind.It is noted that described embodiments are merely illustrative and not restrictive.

Während die Erfindung illustriert und beschrieben wurde im Detail in den Beispielen und der vorangegangenen Beschreibung, ist es beabsichtigt, dass derartige Illustrationen und Beschreibungen lediglich illustrativ oder exemplarisch und nicht restriktiv sind, so dass die Erfindung nicht durch die offenbarten Ausführungsformen beschränkt ist. In den Ansprüchen schließt das Wort „aufweisend“ nicht andere Elemente aus und der unbestimmte Artikel „ein“ schließt eine Mehrzahl nicht aus.While the invention has been illustrated and described in detail in the examples and the foregoing description, such illustrations and descriptions are intended to be illustrative or exemplary and not restrictive, so that the invention is not limited by the disclosed embodiments. In the claims, the word "showing" does not exclude other elements and the indefinite article "includes" does not exclude a majority.

Alleinig der Umstand, dass bestimmte Merkmale in verschiedenen abhängigen Ansprüchen genannt sind, beschränkt nicht den Gegenstand der Erfindung. Auch Kombinationen dieser Merkmale können vorteilhaft eingesetzt werden.The mere fact that certain features are mentioned in various dependent claims does not limit the object of the invention. Combinations of these features can also be used advantageously.

Claims (12)

Verbundene Bauteile aus thermoplastischen Faserverbundwerkstoffen, wobei die Verbindung der Bauteile durch Nadeln erfolgt, die unter Druck und Rotation in das dadurch erweichten Matrixmaterial der Bauteile eingeführt werden.Connected components made of thermoplastic fiber composite materials, the components being connected by needles which are introduced under pressure and rotation into the matrix material of the components which is softened as a result. Verfahren zum Verbinden von Bauteilen aus thermoplastischen Faserverbundwerkstoffen umfassend: das Positionieren der Bauteile zueinander; das Aufsetzen einer Nadel unter Druck; das Versetzen der Nadel in eine Rotationsbewegung, so dass das thermoplastische Matrixmaterial erweicht und die Nadel durch das erweichte Matrixmaterial der Bauteile geschoben wird; das Erstarren des thermoplastischen Matrixmaterials.Process for connecting components made of thermoplastic fiber composite materials comprising: positioning the components relative to one another; putting a needle under pressure; setting the needle in a rotational movement so that the thermoplastic matrix material softens and the needle is pushed through the softened matrix material of the components; the solidification of the thermoplastic matrix material. Bauteile oder Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Nadeln nicht senkrecht zur Bauteiloberfläche an der Ein- oder Austrittstelle angeordnet sind.Components or method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the needles are not arranged perpendicular to the component surface at the entry or exit point. Bauteile oder Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Oberfläche der Nadel geriffelt ist.Component or method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the surface of the needle is corrugated. Bauteile oder Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Mehrzahl von Nadeln paarweise über Kreuz zueinander angeordnet sind und dabei der Winkel benachbarter Nadeln zueinander im Wesentlichen 90° beträgt.Component or method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of needles are arranged in pairs crosswise to one another and the angle of adjacent needles to one another is substantially 90 °. Bauteile oder Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der überstehende Teil der Nadeln so behandelt wird, dass eine ebene Bauteilfläche resultiert.Components or method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the protruding part of the needles is treated so that a flat component surface results. Bauteile oder Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bauteile zusätzlich durch ein themoplastisches Schweißverfahren miteinander verbunden werden.Components or method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the components are additionally connected to one another by a themoplastic welding method. Bauteile oder Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Bauteiloberfläche ein Blitzschutzmaterial aufweist.Components or method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a component surface has a lightning protection material. Bauteile oder Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kraft, mit der die Nadeln auf die Bauteil Oberfläche gedrückt werden, zwischen 50 und 1000 N, bevorzugt zwischen100 und 500 N liegt.Component or method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the force with which the needles are pressed onto the component surface is between 50 and 1000 N, preferably between 100 and 500 N. Bauteile oder Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Rotationsfrequenz der rotierenden Nadel 5.000-2000 Umdrehungen pro Minute beträgt.Component or method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rotational frequency of the rotating needle is 5,000-2,000 revolutions per minute. Bauteile oder Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die überstehenden Teile der Nadeln anschließend so umgebogen werden, so dass die aus dem Bauteil herausragenden Teile der Nadeln mit einem ersten Teil flach auf der oder den Bauteiloberfläche(n) zu liegen kommt oder kommen und mit einem zweiten zum Teil im Wesentlichen senkrecht in die Bauteiloberfläche eindringen.Components or method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the protruding parts of the needles are then bent over such that the parts of the needles protruding from the component come or lie flat with a first part on the component surface (s) and penetrate into the component surface essentially perpendicularly with a second part. Fahrzeug, insbesondere Flugzeug mit Bauteilen nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche.Vehicle, in particular aircraft with components according to one of the preceding claims.
DE102018009378.7A 2018-11-30 2018-11-30 Process for joining thermoplastic composite parts Withdrawn DE102018009378A1 (en)

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PCT/EP2019/083190 WO2020109610A1 (en) 2018-11-30 2019-11-29 Method for connecting thermoplastic composite material parts
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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DE102014218193A1 (en) * 2014-09-11 2016-03-17 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Expandable connecting element for joining at least two parts to be joined
DE102016201795A1 (en) * 2016-02-05 2017-08-10 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Connecting element with foam core buffer for joining at least two parts to be joined
WO2018033645A1 (en) * 2016-08-19 2018-02-22 Ejot Gmbh & Co. Kg Method for connecting at least two component layers, with plasma jet pre-bores in the cover layer

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2261024A1 (en) * 1971-12-21 1973-06-28 Rolls Royce 1971 Ltd FIBER REINFORCED STRUCTURE, IN PARTICULAR IN THE SHAPE OF A ENGINE COMPRESSOR OR FAN BLADE
US20150290903A1 (en) * 2012-11-20 2015-10-15 Compagnie Plastic Omnium Assembly of a metal insert and a sheet of composite material, method for incorporating such an insert into such a sheet and part obtained by molding such a sheet
US20150165721A1 (en) * 2013-12-17 2015-06-18 Rolls-Royce Plc Laminated composite structure and related method
DE102014218193A1 (en) * 2014-09-11 2016-03-17 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Expandable connecting element for joining at least two parts to be joined
DE102014019297A1 (en) * 2014-12-20 2015-06-18 Daimler Ag Joining connection of at least two components
DE102016201795A1 (en) * 2016-02-05 2017-08-10 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Connecting element with foam core buffer for joining at least two parts to be joined
WO2018033645A1 (en) * 2016-08-19 2018-02-22 Ejot Gmbh & Co. Kg Method for connecting at least two component layers, with plasma jet pre-bores in the cover layer

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