DE102017216818A1 - Azimutverstellung a gondola - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an azimuth adjustment (50) of a nacelle (2) with a segmented direct drive (30). The gondola is located in particular on a ship. The segmented direct drive (30) has in particular permanent magnets (69). In a method for operating an azimuth adjustment (50) of a nacelle (2), the nacelle (2) is driven directly multiple times.

Description

The invention relates to an azimuth adjustment of a nacelle, wherein by means of the nacelle a floating body, in particular a ship, can be driven. The invention also relates to a gondola with an azimuth adjustment or a ship with an azimuth adjustment for a nacelle or a method for operating an azimuth adjustment of a nacelle.

The azimuth adjustment is, for example, for a, in particular electrically driven, rudder propeller of a seagoing vessel, e.g. is arranged at the rear of a rotatable shaft below the ship's bottom, provided. For example, the rudder propeller has the nacelle.

The azimuth adjustment is in particular an azimuth adjustment device, ie a device or a system for an azimuthal adjustment.

The azimuth adjustment is also, for example, for a POD of a seagoing vessel, e.g. is arranged at the rear of a rotatable shaft below the ship's bottom, provided. The POD has the nacelle. The seagoing ship is an example of a floating body. Other examples of a floating body are a submarine or a floating offshore production platform or an offshore structure. In addition to a ship, such as a passenger ship, a ferry or a cruiser, other types of ships such as a tugboat or a barge are possible uses. For adjusting or rotation of the nacelle, so for the azimuth adjustment of the nacelle, an electric actuator or an electric servomotor or a plurality of electric actuators or electric motors may be provided. The electric actuator has in addition to the electric servomotor and a power converter. For transmission of the torque generated by the electric motors to a shaft on which the nacelle is mounted, for example, a transmission is provided.

Rudder propellers of large ships are moved by servomotors, which are generally designed as hydraulic motors or electric motors. Hydraulic motors have the disadvantage that leaks can occur at the transition points from the hydraulic lines to the motors, in particular with prolonged vibration stress, as is the case with rudder propellers. The required hydraulic system (pumps and motors) has a relatively high weight and a considerable space requirement, as well as maintenance.

The use of an electric servomotor is already out of the WO 00/15495 A1 known. From the WO 89/05262 A1 Furthermore, a rudder propeller with two drive motors is known which rotate the rudder propeller via a disk with external teeth. In this case, the drive, which in the WO 89/05262 A1 is shown and which may have either hydraulic or electric motors, two drive motors on.

From the EP 1 341 693 B2 is an azimuth adjustment of POD drives known. It is an actuator for a, in particular electrically driven, rudder propeller of a seagoing ship, which is arranged at the rear on a rotatable shaft below the ship's bottom, described, wherein the shaft is rotatable about at least two electric servomotors, which via pinion on one in conjunction with the upper shaft part standing sprocket, preferably on a arranged in the interior of the upper shaft part sprocket, acting and are designed to be controllable and controllable in the composite.

In multi-motor drives operating on a common transmission, e.g. Pinion, which engage in a common sprocket, there is a risk, especially at low load and a change of sign of the drive torque that the tooth flanks frequently beat back and forth within the transmission. As a result, the life of the gears and thus the entire transmission is reduced. The motors, ie the servomotors, can be coupled directly or via individual upstream gearboxes to the gearbox.

From the DE 10 2008 024 540 A1 is an azimuth propeller drive device for a floating device with a below a structure of the floating device to be arranged in the water housing in which at least one propeller shaft is rotatably mounted, with the at least one propeller is coupled, known. At least one electric motor with a stator and a rotor for driving the at least one propeller is provided. A hollow shaft rotatably supports the housing, wherein the electric motor is arranged outside the housing and drives with its rotor a drive shaft, which is coupled to the at least one propeller shaft and which extends at least partially through the hollow shaft. The electric motor is designed as an electric ring motor, which is arranged in a ring around the drive shaft, wherein the rotor of the electric motor is rotatably connected via a rotor carrier with the drive shaft.

Such solutions for the azimuth adjustment of a nacelle or of propulsors can entail one or more of the following problems. An indirect azimuthal adjustment by using multiple components as in a transmission can be complex, error-prone, service-intensive and / or space demanding (high space requirements). It can the need for additional protection measures, which prevents damage to these components by, for example, a sudden load on Propulsor, the propeller is at least a part of the Propulsors. If the need for redundancy for a damage situation in a drive unit is given, this redundancy must be provided by at least one additional drive unit, which for example increases the space requirement and / or the weight. Voluminous or a plurality of drive units also increase the space requirement in the POD space by arranging the necessary or redundant adjustment. When using a gearbox, the use of oil consumables seems necessary. These wear out and have to be renewed, which can be an environmental problem. The adjusting devices themselves can wear out, be it a gearbox or a hydraulic motor.

Propulsors, ie poddrives such as POD's or rudder propellers, which are azimuthally adjustable by 360 ° and beyond, are preferably used for certain types of vessels which must have high maneuverability or comfort (e.g., tugs, offshore providers, cruise ships). In this case, the azimuthal adjustment preferably takes place via a plurality of pinions which engage in a gear / ring connected to the pivot bearing. The drive of a pinion can be done via hydraulic motors, planetary or other gearboxes connected to electric motors. Furthermore, components are provided for protecting the azimuthal displacement under sudden loading on the propulsor, such as e.g. Overload clutches between transmission and electric motor or safety valves in the hydraulic circuit. In addition, brakes or locking devices are provided, which allow for failure of the azimuth adjustment emergency adjustment and setting in a desired position. Often, these devices use the same torque transmission path as the azimuth adjustment, so that in certain cases of damage, e.g. Slipping / wear of the overload protection device, tripping and jamming of the hydraulic safety valve, are ineffective.

An object of the invention is to improve an azimuth adjustment of a nacelle.

A solution to the problem results from an azimuth adjustment, ie an azimuth adjustment device, a nacelle according to claim 1 and a method for operating an azimuth adjustment (azimuth adjustment device) of a nacelle according to claim 12. Exemplary refinements of the invention will become apparent according to claims 2 to 11 or 13 to 16.

An azimuth adjustment (Azimutverstelleinrichtung) of a nacelle is designed with a segmented direct drive. By segmenting the direct drive, this can be individually adapted to a ship or a POD or Rudderpropeller. The adaptation relates, for example, the rated torque, the maximum torque and / or the diameter. Due to the segmented direct drive, the electromotive principle can be applied directly in the actuator for the azimuth adjustment of the nacelle. An Azimutor (electromotive azimuth adjustment) can therefore be carried out in particular as a segment motor. In particular, a plurality of linear motor modules are arranged in a circular segment in the segment motor. The linear motor modules can be designed curved to form a circle. If a segment of a large number of segments fails in a segmented direct drive, the entire drive does not fail. It only reduces the available moment. As a result, 100% of the required azimuth torque can be provided with a corresponding over-dimensioning even after failure of a segment. Thus, a required redundancy can be sufficiently fulfilled.

By using the direct drive higher efficiency can be achieved because, for example, can be dispensed with the use of gears, sprockets and / or pinions.

In one embodiment of the azimuth adjustment device (also called azimuth adjustment), the segmented direct drive has permanent magnets. Thus, a self-excited synchronous machine can be realized in a simple manner.

In one embodiment of the azimuth adjustment, the segmented direct drive is a stepper motor. Electric motors can be externally excited as well as permanently energized. The stepper motor is particularly intended directly for small precise movements of mechanical components, as well as for holding in one position.

In one embodiment of the azimuth adjustment of the direct drive is foreign-excited. As an alternative to self-excitation, in the case of external excitation, a winding can replace the permanent magnets and the necessary field can be generated by current supply. This increases the flexibility.

In one embodiment of the azimuth adjustment, the segmented direct drive is a synchronous machine. Linear motors can also be referred to as synchronous machines. Synchronous machines can be controlled robustly.

In one embodiment of the azimuth adjustment of the direct drive is an external rotor. So can the Diameter are increased, which is the momentum benefits.

In an embodiment of the azimuth adjustment of the direct drive is an internal rotor. So a compact design can be achieved.

In one embodiment of the azimuth adjustment, a support cone, a well and / or a control transmission plate is integrated in the segmented direct drive.

Due to the direct drive, the electromotive principle can be applied directly in the actuator. This is done e.g. in that a component of the system to be adjusted (for example support cone -> rotor, well or corresponding bearing on the control transmission plate -> stator) simultaneously becomes a component of the direct drive, by fitting electrical elements (windings, magnets) to it. This is e.g. realized in that permanent magnets are arranged in an upper part of the support cone on the circumference, as is usually done on the rotor of a permanent-magnet electric motor. Due to the rotatable mounting of the support cone, an unrestricted rotation of the component - and thus of the entire propulsor - can take place about its vertical axis. This makes it suitable for being treated like a rotor. In order to realize the electromotive principle, a current-carrying winding is necessary whose electromagnetic field interacts with the magnetic field of the permanent magnets arranged on the support cone. This winding may preferably be arranged outside the support cone in the well, e.g. is firmly connected to the ship and has a sufficiently small gap to the support cone. Alternatively, the magnets can also be arranged within the support cone in the circumferential direction. The stator winding of the direct drive can then be placed on a cylindrical part inside the support cone, e.g. is firmly connected to the ship via the timing transmission plate.

In one embodiment of the azimuth adjustment, this has an emergency (electrical emergency). The emergency supply ensures the supply of at least part of the segments of the segmented direct drive with electrical energy. Thus, in case of failure of one or more segments emergency operation with the remaining remainder of the segments can be ensured. The emergency supply is for example a redundant electrical energy supply. If, for example, segments of a drive are fed by different electrical power supplies in normal operation and, for example, one of them fails, the remaining electrical power supply constitutes an emergency power supply.

In one embodiment, the azimuth adjustment of the segmented direct drive is redundant, which means that all or part of the segments can be operated independently (from each other) and in particular an emergency supply (with electrical energy) is provided. Thus, for example, an emergency operation (emergency adjustment) of the azimuth adjustment are made possible, since in emergency not all segments in particular must be active. Different segments can also be operated with different power and / or different segments can have a different nominal power. For example, different segments can be cooled with different cooling systems, which also increases the reliability.

By using the direct drive and protective measures in the event of a shock load of the propulsor in the azimuthal direction can be superfluous or reduced, and this relates in particular to a mechanical protective measure such as a brake and / or overload clutch. A protective measure is not necessary, for example, if the motor simply "slips" when exceeding a previously defined torque without damaging components, since there is no mechanical contact as in a transmission and electrically in this case from the inverter, or from the inverters, of the direct drive, the torque setpoints can be tracked up to a defined maximum. As soon as the external moment falls below the defined maximum of the engine torque again, the full control capability is available again, without any action being taken.

In one embodiment of the azimuth adjustment, the segmented direct drive has a multiplicity of segments, wherein each of the segments is assigned a power converter, in particular an inverter. The power converters of the segments can share a DC link. The intermediate circuit is fed in particular by a rectifier, which has a higher power than one of the inverters. To increase the redundancy, two or more rectifiers can be provided for feeding the DC link. Also, to increase the redundancy, the direct drive may have two or more DC links. A combination of a plurality of inverters, at least one intermediate circuit and at least one rectifier forms a segmented direct drive. The segmented direct drive thus has in one embodiment, in addition to the segments, a plurality of inverters, at least one DC voltage intermediate circuit (DC link) and at least one rectifier. The segments have an active part and a passive part. The active part is in particular a part of the stator of the segmented Direct drive. The passive part is in particular a part of the rotor of the segmented direct drive. The passive part has, for example, permanent magnets.

In one embodiment of the azimuth adjustment, this has a torque controller. With the torque controller for the segmented direct drive, it is easy to react to moments which are e.g. act on the gondola.

In one embodiment of the azimuth adjustment, the azimuth adjustment is brakeless. Since the Azimutor, so the azimuth adjustment, a position specification very quickly in a corresponding torque, both in magnitude and in the direction to implement, a brake is not necessary. In the event of a blackout, selected segments of the segmented direct drive can be immediately distressed. This succeeds, e.g. by means of a UPS, an emergency switchboard or similar This ensures that uncontrolled movements of the nacelle or propulsor are never possible.

In one embodiment of the azimuth adjustment, this has a cooling. The cooling relates in particular to the segmented direct drive. By means of the cooling, the rotor, the stator, the inverter and / or the rectifier can be cooled. The cooling may e.g. by ventilation of engine rooms on ships, or by means of cooling medium, e.g. Water, either directly or indirectly through either a separate or ship's own cooling system.

In one embodiment, the azimuth adjustment of the direct drive is contactless, so no protective measures against excessive external torques are required.

In one embodiment, the azimuth adjustment of the direct drive is wear-free, so a higher efficiency can be achieved.

In one embodiment of the azimuth adjustment, the segments of the direct drive are operated independently of one another.

In a method for operating an azimuth adjustment of a nacelle, the nacelle is driven several times directly. This is possible in particular in the case of a segmented direct drive, in which individual, in particular independent, segments of the direct drive can be controlled individually. The Azimutor (electromotive azimuth adjustment) can be performed in particular as a segment motor. This has the advantage that in the case of an error, e.g. only one segment fails and not the entire engine. As a result, 100% of the required azimuth torque can be provided with a corresponding oversizing even after failure of a segment. Thus, e.g. Redundancy often required by ships is adequately met. At least by the segmentation is a multiple driving, so a multiple drive. Thus, if a drive has a plurality of segments, a segment as well as a plurality of segments can contribute to the drive.

In one embodiment of the method, an electric direct drive is used to drive. This has a rotor and a stator. In particular, the stator has individually bestrombare, ie controllable segments. The segments can also be considered as single linear motors. The segmentation brings advantages in terms of installation space, dimensioning and operational safety.

In one embodiment of the method, the direct drive is partially active. In this case, a part of the segments is energized, so it is active, and a part of the segments is not energized, is therefore inactive. This is advantageous for example in an emergency adjustment. An emergency adjustment may e.g. either by additional mechanical components to be mounted, or by an independent supply of individual segments of the Azimutors. Since this emergency adjustment e.g. takes place at a standstill of the ship, only the friction in the azimuth bearing and its seals must be overcome. This can be done by using a minimum number of segments. A mechanical blocking in the desired position can be done, for example, by a shear pin in addition. Due to the high redundancy of the Azimutors, so the azimuth adjustment with segmented direct drive, this is particularly in the case of service, for example. in the dock, be necessary.

In one embodiment of the method, a power transmission to the nacelle for their azimuthal adjustment takes place without contact. Serving for this purpose is the direct drive having a stator and a rotor, the stator has primary part segments (stator segments) and the rotor has in particular secondary part segments (in particular segments with permanent magnets). The runner may also be just one segment, which may be e.g. having a plurality of juxtaposed permanent magnets. Between stator and rotor (also called rotor) there is an air gap. About the air gap results in a non-contact power transmission. By this non-contact concept it is e.g. it is not possible to provide a safety device to avoid damage in the event of a strong sudden loading of the nacelle in the circumferential direction. Also, a high number of operating hours is achievable by a present freedom from wear of the direct drive (it lacks in particular a gear).

In one embodiment of the method, an azimuth adjustment of the type described above or below is used.

• - keine separaten Bauteile, die über ein Ritzel oder andere mechanische oder hydraulische Verbindungen zum Rotor eine azimutale Verstellung des Propulsors ermöglichen;
• - keine Schutzmaßnahmen notwendig, die bei schlagartiger Belastung des Propulsors in azimutaler Richtung wirksam werden (müssen);
• - geringerer Platzbedarf im POD-Raum;
• - geringerer Wartungsaufwand;
• - kein oder weniger Verschleiß;
• - kleinere Fehlerwahrscheinlichkeit durch geringere Anzahl von Bauteilen (System-FMEA) und hoher Redundanz;
• - keine Verwendung von Öl-Betriebsstoffen und/oder
• - höherer Systemwirkungsgrad.

The construction with electromotive azimuth adjustment may, for example, be distinguished by at least one of the following points:

• - No separate components that allow a pinion or other mechanical or hydraulic connections to the rotor azimuthal adjustment of the propulsor;
• - no protective measures are necessary which have to be effective in case of sudden loading of the propulsor in the azimuthal direction;
• - less space in the POD room;
• - less maintenance;
• - no or less wear;
• - smaller error probability due to smaller number of components (system FMEA) and high redundancy;
• - no use of oil supplies and / or
• - higher system efficiency.

• 1 einen drehbaren POD;
• 2 einen Ruderpropeller;
• 3 einen segmentierten Antrieb;
• 4 ein erstes Segment des segmentierten Antriebs;
• 5 ein zweites Segment des segmentierten Antriebs;
• 6 einen Abschnitt eines Rotors des segmentierten Antriebs;
• 7 einen Abschnitt des segmentierten Antriebs;
• 8 eine Perspektivdarstellung des segmentierten Antriebs;
• 9 unterschiedliche Dimensionierungen des segmentierten Antriebs;
• 10 unterschiedliche Positionierungen der Segmente und
• 11 unterschiedliche Dimensionierungen der Magnete.

The invention will be explained in more detail by way of example with reference to drawings, from which further details can be taken. For similar elements, the same reference numerals are used. In detail show:

• 1 a rotatable POD;
• 2 a rudder propeller;
• 3 a segmented drive;
• 4 a first segment of the segmented drive;
• 5 a second segment of the segmented drive;
• 6 a portion of a rotor of the segmented drive;
• 7 a portion of the segmented drive;
• 8th a perspective view of the segmented drive;
• 9 different dimensions of the segmented drive;
• 10 different positions of the segments and
• 11 different dimensions of the magnets.

The representation after 1 shows a POD 1 , The POD 1 has a gondola 2 and a shaft 20 on. In the gondola 2 An electric motor is housed. 3 indicates a first propeller coming from the engine in the nacelle 2 is powered, and 4 a second propeller, also from the engine in the nacelle 2 is driven. Between the two propellers 3 and 4 is a preferably continuous, not shown in detail motor shaft. In the upper part of the shaft 20 There is a toothed rim advantageously formed with an internal toothing 5 that together with a pinion 6 forms a first transmission and another gear 7 from the electric motor 8th is driven. Shown are two electric motors 8th each with a pinion 6 and a gearbox 7 , The motors 8th have turn counter and turn counter 9 on, over which the rudder position is detectable. The motors 8th , so the actuators for azimuth adjustment, are connected to the electrical system, which optionally has 400V / 50Hz or 450V / 60Hz. About a switching element 15 becomes a DC link converter 31 with the input part (rectifier) 10 and the output part (inverter) 11 as well as the DC link 12 supplied with energy from the medium voltage on-board electrical system. At the DC link 12 is a braking resistor 13 arranged. In the event of a failure of the electrical system is an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) 14 provided with the DC link 12 connected is. This ensures that rudder placement is possible even if the vehicle electrical system fails.

The representation after 2 shows a rudder propeller 51 , The figure shows a schematic representation of a longitudinal section of an azimuth adjustment 50 for a floating facility such as a ship or an offshore platform. The propeller drive device comprises a hollow shaft 20 that by means of warehouse 52 at its lower and upper end about a substantially vertical axis 53 rotatable by a support structure 54 the floating device is held. seals 56 close a gap 55 between the shaft 20 and the support structure 54 against ingress of water. A streamlined, gondola-shaped housing 57 the gondola 2 that has a cavity in its interior 58 is at the bottom of the shaft 20 rotatably held. In the case 57 is a substantially horizontal propeller shaft 59 by means of bearings 60 around an axis 61 rotatably mounted. The rotation axis 53 of the shaft 20 and the rotation axis 61 the propeller shaft 59 are thus substantially perpendicular to each other. The propeller shaft 59 is at one end 62 outside the case 57 led and points at this end 62 a propeller attached to it 63 on. An electric motor 16 drives via a drive shaft 21 and one in the housing 57 arranged bevel gear 27 have a bevel gear 28 and a crown wheel 29 the propeller shaft 59 at. The electric motor 16 is outside the shaft 20 and the housing 57 arranged inside the floating device. In the floating device is a non-illustrated generator or other power source, the or the electric motor 16 , if necessary via a converter, supplied with the necessary power. The propeller drive device shown represents one about a vertical axis 53 rotatable azimuth Propulsionsanlage in the form of a rudder propeller. It is possible that the propeller shaft 59 also at its second end or an additional propeller shaft, which has a suitable gearbox with the propeller shaft 59 or the drive shaft 21 is coupled to outside the case 57 is guided and there also has an attached propeller. The two propellers can then turn in the same or in opposite directions (ie, contrarotate). The electric motor 16 is designed as an electric ring motor and has a ring-shaped rotor 22 and a ring-shaped stator 23 on, the rotor 22 annularly enclosing to form an air gap. The rotor 22 and the drive shaft 21 are around the same axis 53 like the shaft 20 rotatably mounted. The rotor 22 is annular around the drive shaft 21 arranged, ie that the drive shaft 21 along the axis of rotation 53 of the rotor 22 and even through the rotor 22 through, ie by the rotor 22 stretched surface, runs. The trained as a ring motor electric motor 16 points in relation to the axis of rotation 53 of the rotor 22 in the radial direction has a diameter which is significantly greater than the length of the motor in its axial longitudinal direction. The annular stator 23 of the motor 16 is rotationally fixed to the shaft 20 , here a support structure 24 (often referred to as "support cone") at the upper end of the shaft 20 , attached.

The ring motor 16 is in terms of its outer diameter to the outer diameter of the support structure 24 adapted to the floating device for the azimuth propeller drive device and has an outer diameter which is approximately equal to the outer diameter of the support structure 24 is. The annular rotor 22 is via a mounted on its inside ring rotor arm 25 rotatably with the drive shaft 21 connected. The rotor carrier 25 thus carries on its outside the rotor 22 , The rotor carrier 25 includes a hub 40 , a circular wreath 41 and a connecting element 42 for connecting the hub 40 with the wreath 41 , The hub 40 is non-rotatable with the drive shaft 21 connected and the wreath 41 carries on its outside the rotor 22 , The connecting element 42 For example, it may be formed as a disk wheel, which is preferably provided with holes or slots for weight saving. Alternatively, the rotor carrier may also include a transmission, eg a planetary gear. Several bearings 26 are used for rotatable mounting and horizontal and vertical fixation of the drive shaft 21 , the rotor carrier 25 and the rotor 22 opposite the stator 23 and the shaft 20 ,

Turning the propeller drive device 1 around the vertical axis 53 done with the help of an electric motor 30 , this is designed as a segmented direct drive. The segmented direct drive 30 has a ring-shaped rotor 32 and a ring-shaped stator 33 on, the rotor 32 annularly enclosing to form an air gap. The rotor 32 is about the same axis 53 like the shaft, the drive shaft 21 and the rotor 32 of the electric motor 16 rotatably mounted. The segmented direct drive can also be designed such that its rotor surrounds the stator annularly to form an air gap, which, however, is not shown. The annular stator 33 of the segmented direct drive 30 is rotationally fixed to a stationary part of the propeller drive device 51 or the floating device (eg a ship), eg the support structure 35 , held. The annular rotor 32 of the segmented direct drive 30 is by means of a fixed to its ring inside rotor carrier 43 , rotatably with the shaft 20 , here a flange 34 at the upper end of the shaft 20 , connected.

The representation after 3 shows an example of the segmented drive 30 , The segmented drive is a segmented direct drive 30 , With the segmented direct drive, in particular a rudder propeller or a POD can be adjusted directly without the interposition of a transmission. The segmented direct drive 30 has a stator and a rotor 32 on. The stator points 9 stator 44 . 45 . 46 . 47 . 48 . 49 . 76 . 77 and 78 on. The stator can also be more or less like 6 stator segments 44 . 45 . 46 . 47 . 48 and 49 have, however, what in 3 not shown. Each stator segment 44 . 45 . 46 . 47 . 48 . 49 . 76 . 77 and 78 the nine segments shown has a power connection 36 on. Shown is a three-phase connection, wherein a cable is provided for each phase. The segmentation allows use even for large diameters and / or a scaling of the torque over the diameter, length and / or number of segments, which can provide a high degree of design flexibility. In the case of a segmented stator and / or rotor, partial assembly is also possible. So the engine can also be operated with a reduced number of segments. Rotor cooling is possible but not necessary in all applications. A segment of the stator can also be considered as a separate motor unit. This increases the availability of the drive, as in case of failure of a segment of a plurality of segments, the operation of the drive is still possible. The segmentation results in relatively small individual components, which contributes to easy handling and assembly. Of the Segmented direct drive, which acts as a motor, can be listed insensitive to axial displacement, which possibly allows a process-related axial displacement of the rotor.

The representation after 4 shows the example of the segment 39 a first embodiment for the stator segments. It features T-Nutstones 64 for installation. For the power connection is a three-phase connection cable 37 intended. This three-phase connecting cable 37 has power cables for three phases and a signal cable. The connection is made via a plug connection 65 for the combined connection cable 37 , For cooling the segment 39 may be provided a liquid cooling. For this shows 4 a coolant connection 76 ,

The representation after 5 shows the example of the segment 49 a further embodiment for the stator segments. It features T-Nutstones 64 for installation. For the three-phase power connection of the segment are three single-phase connecting cables 38 intended. These three connecting cables 38 are positioned in succession on a circular arc section. The connection is made via one plug connection each 67 for the single core power cables, ie the three single-phase connecting cables 38 , For a signal cable is a plug connection 66 intended. The signal cable or the signal line can be provided for temperature sensors. For cooling the segment 49 may be provided a liquid cooling. For this shows 5 a coolant connection 76 , The stator segment can be equipped with different line connections depending on the power or the electrical currents. A single core power line can be provided, for example, for currents greater than 66 A. A combined line may be provided for currents less than or equal to 66A.

The representation after 6 shows a section of the rotor 32 of segmented drive with a variety of magnets 69 , The magnets (permanent magnets) 69 form a kind of rotor segments. For installation are T-nuts 68 intended. These T-nuts 68 are located on the inside of the rotor and adjacent to two adjacent magnets 69 at.

The representation after 7 shows a section of the segmented drive. It is shown how the stator segment 49 fits into a variety of segments and opposite the rotor 32 with the magnets 69 is positioned. The magnets 69 are located on a rotor carrier 43 , The stator segments 44 . 48 and 49 are on the support structure 35 held.

The representation after 8th shows the segmented direct drive 30 with rotor 32 and stator 33 in a perspective view. holding structure 35 and / or rotor carrier 43 can be configured differently depending on the application.

The representation after 9 shows different dimensions of the segmented drive 30 ,

A first drive 30 has a first diameter 18 on and has 8 stator segments 39 , An illustrated second drive below 30 with 15 stator segments 49 has a diameter 19 on. The diameter 19 is larger than the diameter 18 , Depending on the number of segments, the diameter can therefore be changed step by step. For different diameters geometrically differently configured segments or geometrically identically configured segments can be used. This depends, for example, on the geometric configuration and / or on the diameters. As the diameter increases, the number of stator segments increases. The torque increases quadratically with the diameter. For example, an air gap diameter between 0.8 meters and 5 meters can be set.

1. a) mit n=8 Segmenten
2. b) mit n=7 Segmenten
3. c) mit n=6 Segmenten
4. d) mit n=5 Segmenten
5. e) mit n=4 Segmenten
6. f) mit n=3 Segmenten
7. g) mit n=2 Segmenten
8. h) mit n=1 Segment.

The representation after 10 shows stators 33 with different positions of the segments of the respective stator 33 , They are the following stators 33 shown:

1. a) with n = 8 segments
2. b) with n = 7 segments
3. c) with n = 6 segments
4. d) with n = 5 segments
5. e) with n = 4 segments
6. f) with n = 3 segments
7. g) with n = 2 segments
8. h) with n = 1 segment.

In case a) the 8 segments fill a circle. In the further cases b) to h), at least one empty space results 70 , The arrangement of the segments in cases a), c), e) and g) is symmetrical such that the sum of the magnetic forces of the magnets of the rotor 32 no resulting radial force results. The arrangement of the segments in cases b), d), f) and h) is asymmetrical such that the sum of the magnetic forces of the magnets of the rotor 32 gives a resulting radial force.

The available torque of the drive can be scaled by the number of stator segments on the circumference. This increases Torque linear with the number of stator segments. For uniform loading of a bearing of the rotor, symmetrical arrangements (n = 8, 6, 4, 2) are advantageous.

• • eine erste aktive Länge 71 mit einem Einzelmagnet 75;
• • eine zweite aktive Länge 72 mit zwei Einzelmagneten 75 und
• • eine dritte aktive Länge 73 mit sechs Einzelmagneten 75.

The representation after 11 shows different dimensions of the magnets 69 , By a juxtaposition of individual magnets 75 can be the active length 77 of the magnet 69 to be influenced. The active length 77 can be increased step by step, for example in 50mm increments. Shown is:

• • a first active length 71 with a single magnet 75 ;
• • a second active length 72 with two individual magnets 75 and
• • a third active length 73 with six individual magnets 75 ,

The torque increases linearly with the active length.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• WO 0015495 A1 [0006]
• WO 8905262 A1 [0006]
• EP 1341693 B2 [0007]
• DE 102008024540 A1 [0009]

Claims (16)

Azimutverstelleinrichtung (50) of a nacelle (2) with a segmented direct drive (30). Azimutverstelleinrichtung (50) according to Claim 1 wherein the segmented direct drive (30) comprises permanent magnets (69). Azimutverstelleinrichtung (50) according to Claim 1 , wherein the direct drive (30) is foreign-excited. Azimutverstelleinrichtung (50) according to one of Claims 1 to 3 wherein the direct drive (30) is a synchronous machine. Azimutverstelleinrichtung (50) according to one of Claims 1 to 4 wherein the direct drive (30) is an external rotor. Azimutverstelleinrichtung (50) according to one of Claims 1 to 4 wherein the direct drive (30) is an internal rotor. Azimutverstelleinrichtung (50) according to one of Claims 1 to 6 , wherein a support cone (24), a well and / or a control gear plate in the segmented direct drive (30) is integrated. Azimutverstelleinrichtung (50) according to one of Claims 1 to 7 , with an emergency supply. Azimutverstelleinrichtung (50) according to one of Claims 1 to 8th , with a torque controller. Azimutverstelleinrichtung (50) according to one of Claims 1 to 9 , wherein the azimuth adjustment (50) is brakeless. Azimutverstelleinrichtung (50) according to one of Claims 1 to 10 , wherein the segmented direct drive (30) is designed to be redundant, wherein in particular segments (39,49) of the direct drive (30) are operable independently of each other. Method for operating an azimuth adjusting device (50) of a nacelle (2), wherein the nacelle (2) is driven directly, in particular multiply. Method according to Claim 12 , wherein for driving a direct electrical drive (30) is used. Method according to Claim 12 or 13 , wherein the direct drive (30) is partially active. Method according to one of Claims 12 to 14 , wherein a power transmission to the nacelle (2) for their azimuthal adjustment is made without contact. Method according to one of Claims 12 to 15 wherein an azimuth adjusting device (50) according to one of Claims 1 to 11 is used.

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