DE102017211098A1 - Method for producing an optical sensor - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method (26) for producing an optical sensor (18) of a motor vehicle (2), in particular a distance sensor. A first image sensor (30) having a first detection area (36) and a second image sensor (32) having a second detection area (38) are provided. The second image sensor (32) is placed in a desired position (44) with respect to the first image sensor (30), and the first image sensor (30) is stabilized with respect to the second image sensor (32). The invention further relates to the use of two standard image sensors and an assistance system (16) of a motor vehicle (2) for distance detection.

Description

The invention relates to a method for producing an optical sensor of a motor vehicle. The optical sensor is preferably a distance sensor. The invention further relates to a use of standard image sensors and an assistance system of a motor vehicle for distance detection.

Motor vehicles have to increase the comfort electromotive adjustment. In this case, an adjustment part, such as a tailgate or a side door, is pivoted by means of an electric motor upon activation. It is possible that an obstacle is in the adjustment. If the user does not completely overlook the adjustment range and activates the adjustment device, or if an obstacle is moved into the adjustment range, the adjustment part moves against the obstacle. In this case, it is possible that the adjustment part and / or the obstacle are damaged. To avoid this, distance sensors are usually used. These operate, for example, according to the capacitive principle, and the distance sensor thus has electrodes, by means of which an electromagnetic field is created. If an object is in the vicinity of the electrodes, the electromagnetic field is disturbed, and thus the capacitance of the capacitor formed by means of the electrodes of the distance sensor is changed. By means of evaluation of this it is possible to detect the obstacle, but only a comparatively small spatial resolution is possible. In addition, it is essential for the detection that the obstacle is in the area of the electrodes.

As a result, it is necessary for the electrodes to be connected to the adjusting part, in particular to a section of the adjusting part which is comparatively strongly adjusted. However, this is not always possible due to limited space. In addition, damage to the distance sensor is possible due to the exposed position, if an obstacle is still moved against the adjustment.

An alternative to this is the use of optical sensors. These have an image sensor, by means of which the environment of the adjustment is detected. The image sensor is, for example, a component of a camera, by means of which an image is created to capture the environment. The image sensor has a number of detector elements arranged in a certain pattern relative to each other, and each detector element has a detection angle range. Based on the light detected in the respective detection angle ranges, the image is assembled so that a rasterized image is created by means of the image sensor. This is evaluated for the presence of any obstacle, using appropriate algorithms. As a result, the distance sensor can be arranged at a distance to the adjustment part. At a comparatively large distance, the angular resolution of the image sensor is degraded, in particular if the adjustment part has an irregular contour, such as a corner or the like, which is to be monitored by means of the image sensor. Therefore, for example, by means of the distance sensor, an object is identified as an obstacle, which is located outside the adjustment range, and / or it is not properly identified as an obstacle in an object in the adjustment range, so that the adjustment member is moved against this.

To avoid this, the arrangement of the detector elements of the image sensor is usually adapted to the contour of the adjustment. Furthermore, the number of detector elements is usually increased to increase the angular resolution. As a result, it is necessary for different adjustment to make different optical sensors and vorzuhalten, resulting in increased manufacturing costs. Also, a spare parts supply is difficult.

The invention has for its object to provide a particularly suitable method for producing an optical sensor of a motor vehicle and a particularly suitable use of standard image sensors as well as a particularly suitable assistance system of a motor vehicle, wherein advantageously manufacturing costs are reduced, and where expediently a flexibility is increased ,

With regard to the method, this object is achieved by the features of claim 1, with respect to the use by the features of claim 11 and with respect to the assistance system by the features of claim 12 according to the invention. Advantageous developments and refinements are the subject of the respective subclaims.

The optical sensor is a component of a motor vehicle and is suitable for detecting electromagnetic radiation. In particular, an image is created by means of the optical sensor during operation. Preferably, the optical sensor is a distance sensor, by means of which thus a distance of an object to the optical sensor is detected and / or determined. Suitably, based on the distance, a further distance of the object to a reference point is determined, and / or the presence of the object is determined by means of the distance sensor. For example, by means of the distance sensor during operation a Removal of an adjustment part with respect to a reference point and / or an obstacle determined. The adjustment is suitably a side window or a sunroof. The reference point is in particular a seal in which the adjusting part is moved to establish a closed position. The obstacle is, for example, an object in the displacement, such as a human hand or the like.

Alternatively, the distance sensor is used during operation of the monitoring of an adjustment, in particular a swivel range, a door, such as a side door or a tailgate. Preferably, monitored by means of the distance sensor during operation, whether a side door is pivoted against a curb or the like. If a curb or the like is identified, in particular the adjusting device is controlled such that an adjusting interrupted or at least reduced, as is shortened, so that a movement of the door against the curb is prevented.

The method of production provides that in a first step, a first image sensor is provided with a first detection area. The first image sensor is sensitive to electromagnetic radiation. In other words, it is possible by means of the first image sensor to detect electromagnetic radiation, in particular in a specific spectral range, such as the visible and / or infrared spectral range. In other words, by means of the first image sensor, it is possible to detect electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength substantially between 350 nm and 1000 nm. The first detection area corresponds to the area within which electromagnetic radiation can be detected. In other words, only electromagnetic radiation is detected by means of the first image sensor, which impinges on the first detection area on this.

The first detection angle range is for example frustoconical or pyramidal and in particular has an opening angle of 0 °, 10 °, 20 ° or 25 °, wherein suitably a deviation of 5 °, 2 °, 1 ° or 0 ° is present. By way of example, the first image sensor is substantially flat and has, for example, dimensions which are less than 2 cm × 1 cm or 1 cm × 0.5 cm. The first image sensor is expediently a semiconductor component and has, for example, a number of detector elements which are suitably connected and arranged. For example, the detector elements are arranged substantially in line or matrix form, for example as a grid, wherein an angle of 90 ° is formed between the individual columns and rows. In particular, the first image sensor has a number of rows and columns, the number of rows being between, for example 10 Lines and 1000 Lines, between 20 Lines and 500 Lines, between 50 Lines and 200 Lines and for example the same 100 Rows is, in particular, a deviation of up to 40 lines, 20 lines, 5 Lines or 0 Lines exists. Suitably, the number of columns is between 5 Columns and 1000 Columns, between 10 Columns and 500 Columns, between 20 Columns and 200 Columns, between 50 Columns and 100 Columns and in particular the same 80 Columns, in particular a deviation from 10 Columns, 5 Columns, 2 Columns or 0 Columns is present. Preferably, the first image sensor has an integrated evaluation. By means of this, in particular, an evaluation of the measurement data of the individual detector elements takes place, so that data already suitably already processed are available at a signal output of the first image sensor. For example, the first image sensor is a component of an integrated sensor, in particular a "time of flight" sensor (ToF sensor), which comprises a lighting device.

For example, the first image sensor is based on the CMOS or CCD principle. In particular, the first image sensor comprises an optical element and / or a filter, by means of which the electromagnetic radiation impinging on the first image sensor is filtered or directed during operation. For example, the optical element is spaced from or abutting the possible detector elements.

In a further working step, which takes place in time, in terms of time, or particularly preferably simultaneously with the first working step, a second image sensor is provided. The second image sensor has a second detection angle range and is sensitive to electromagnetic radiation. In other words, it is possible to detect electromagnetic radiation by means of the second image sensor, in particular in the visible and / or infrared spectral range. In operation, only electromagnetic radiation is detected by means of the second image sensor, which occurs on the second detection area on this occurrence.

The second detection angle range is for example truncated or pyramidal and in particular has an opening angle of 0 °, 10 °, 20 ° or 25 °, wherein suitably a deviation of 5 °, 2 °, 1 ° or 0 ° is present. By way of example, the second image sensor has a substantially flat design and, for example, has dimensions that are less than 2 cm × 1 cm or 1 cm × 0.5 cm. The second image sensor is expediently a semiconductor component and has, for example, a number of detector elements which are suitably connected and arranged. For example, the detector elements are substantially arranged in rows or in a matrix, for example as a grid, wherein an angle of 90 ° is formed between the individual columns and rows. In particular, the second image sensor has a number of rows and columns, the number of rows being between, for example 10 Lines and 1000 Lines, between 20 Lines and 500 Lines, between 50 Lines and 200 Lines and for example the same 100 Rows is, in particular, a deviation of up to 40 lines, 20 lines, 5 Lines or 0 Lines exists. Suitably, the number of columns is between 5 Columns and 1000 Columns, between 10 Columns and 500 Columns, between 20 Columns and 200 Columns, between 50 Columns and 100 Columns and in particular the same 80 Columns, in particular a deviation from 10 Columns, 5 Columns, 2 Columns or 0 Columns is present. Preferably, the second image sensor has an integrated evaluation. By means of this, in particular an evaluation of the measured data of the individual detector elements takes place, so that data already suitably already processed are available at a signal output of the second image sensor. For example, the second image sensor is a component of an integrated sensor, in particular a "time of flight" sensor (ToF sensor), which comprises a lighting device.

For example, the second image sensor is based on the CMOS or CCD principle. In particular, the second image sensor comprises an optical element and / or a filter, by means of which the electromagnetic radiation impinging on the second image sensor is filtered or directed during operation. For example, the optical element is spaced from or abutting the possible detector elements.

Suitably, each of the image sensors has an integrated evaluation. By means of this, in particular, an evaluation of the measurement data of the possible individual detector elements takes place, so that in particular already processed data are present at the possible signal output of the respective image sensor.

In a further working step, the second image sensor is arranged in a desired position with respect to the first image sensor. The desired position is determined, for example, on the basis of a theoretical model and is preferably selected and / or optimized for the desired application. Preferably, the two image sensors are arranged such that, when operating by means of their respective detection range, any distances can be determined even in different possible situations, in particular if the optical sensor is a distance sensor. In a further working step, the first image sensor is stabilized with respect to the second image sensor. In other words, a movement of the first or second image sensor from the desired position by means of stabilization is avoided. For example, for this purpose, the first image sensor is connected to the second image sensor, in particular fastened, for which in particular a fastening means is used, such as a clip connection or screws. Alternatively, the two image sensors are glued together. In further alternatives, the image sensors are stabilized by means of spacers or the like to each other.

Since two image sensors are used to produce the optical sensor, which are brought into the desired position, standardized image sensors can be used as the first and second image sensor, which reduces manufacturing costs. Thus, the image sensors can be created as mass components, wherein the optical sensor is adapted to the respective application on the basis of the respective desired position. It is also possible by changing the desired position to change the sensitivity of the optical sensor in certain areas, which increases flexibility. Thus, with a further development of the desired position, it is still possible to continue to use existing image sensors, which further increases the flexibility. It is also possible, in a further development of the image sensors, to use these further developed image sensors as first and second image sensors and to spend them in the desired position, so that the optical sensor has an improved mode of operation.

In particular, the invention also relates to an optical sensor produced in this way, in particular a distance sensor.

After stabilization, the optical sensor is particularly preferably calibrated. For this purpose, the mutually stabilized image sensors are held, for example, in a test apparatus, such as a measuring bench, and by means of each of the image sensors in particular an image is created. Based on a comparison of the created image with a reference image, a correction is suitably determined, by means of which a possible component and / or assembly tolerance of the two image sensors is expediently compensated. Alternatively, for example, the calibration is carried out after mounting the optical sensor in the respective application.

Conveniently, the first image sensor and the second image sensor are connected to a common carrier. By means of the carrier thus takes place the stabilization of the two image sensors. Preferably, the carrier has a positioning aid, such as a stop, a survey or a projection. Conveniently, the two image sensors on the common carrier fastened, for example by means of a fastening means, such as a screw, a clip or the like. Alternatively, the image sensors are firmly bonded to the carrier, for example by means of adhesive or a solder. During operation by means of the carrier, energization of the two image sensors preferably takes place. Suitably, a control of the two image sensors is passed over the carrier. For example, a printed circuit board is used as the carrier, which comprises, for example, a glass-fiber-reinforced epoxy resin to which in particular conductor tracks are connected, which are preferably made of copper. In this case, each of the image sensors is expediently electrically contacted with at least one of the conductor tracks and is preferably fastened thereto, in particular by means of solder.

For example, a flexible printed circuit board and / or a number of mutually arranged and, preferably by means of a holder, stabilized printed circuit boards are used as the carrier. Appropriately, a Molded Interconnect Device ("MID", injection-molded circuit carrier) is used as the carrier. The Molded Interconnect Device is an injection-molded plastic component, in and / or to which preferably metallic conductor tracks are connected, which are suitably made of a copper. For example, further electrical and / or electronic components are attached to the Molded Interconnect Device. In particular, the Molded Interconnect Device is created by means of two-component injection molding, hot stamping or in a laser MID process. Due to the use of the molded interconnect device as a carrier, it is possible to choose the orientation of the two image sensors substantially completely free, so that the number of possible desired positions is increased. For example, it is possible to choose between the image sensors substantially any solid angle that corresponds to the desired position. As a result, flexibility is further increased.

Expediently, a common optical system is arranged in front of the first and the second image sensor. In particular, the optics are positioned in the respective detection area. In other words, the optics are arranged both in the first detection area and in the second detection area. Consequently, the optics is optically arranged in front of the two image sensors and thus optically switched in front of them. The optics are created, for example, from a transparent plastic. For example, the optics is an objective or has several objectives, of which in particular one is assigned to each of the image sensors. Consequently, the lens has in particular two lenses. The lenses are suitably connected to each other and expediently integral with one another. The optic includes, for example, an optical lens and suitably serves for the collection of electromagnetic radiation. The lenses are made for example of a transparent plastic, in particular in a plastic injection molding process. In particular, the first or second detection region is suitably shaped by means of the optics so that a specific spatial region is monitored during operation by means of the image sensors. Due to the optics, the field of application of the optical sensor is increased. In particular, the optics is attached to the first and / or second image sensor, for example attached thereto. In particular, the two image sensors are stabilized relative to one another by means of the common optics. Preferably, the common optics is connected to the carrier, for example, attached to this, if it is present. Conveniently, the image sensors are arranged between the optics and the carrier, so that, for example, a sandwich construction is realized. Alternatively, the optics is used as any carrier.

Preferably, in a further step, which expediently takes place after the stabilization of the two image sensors, the first image sensor is signal-wise connected to an evaluation unit. Likewise, the second image sensor is signal-wise connected to an evaluation unit. The evaluation unit comprises, for example, a processor and is expediently programmable. The evaluation unit is preferably connected to the possible carrier. Preferably, the eventual processor is attached to the carrier, which has, for example, a number of printed conductors, and in particular is the printed circuit board or the molded interconnect device. The signaling connection takes place for example by means of the conductor tracks. In a further alternative, the evaluation unit is separate from the first image sensor and the second image sensor. In particular, the evaluation unit has a housing, which is spaced apart from the two image sensors. In particular, the evaluation unit is spaced from the possible carrier. The signal-technical connection is expediently carried out at least partially by means of the possible conductor tracks of the carrier and / or further lines, for example by means of a cable. For example, the transmission and / or evaluation of (measurement) data created by means of the individual image sensors occurs successively in operation during operation. In words, in particular during operation by means of the evaluation unit, each of the image sensors is interrogated one after the other, in particular cyclically. This reduces noise and causes uniform power consumption of the optical sensor and results in a substantially uniform data rate.

Suitably, the evaluation unit is adjusted such that only a portion of measurement data of the first image sensor is processed. For example, the evaluation unit for this purpose has two or more specific settings. The evaluation unit is expediently programmable. Due to the setting, not all measurement data of the first image sensor are processed during operation. For example, not all possible detector elements of the first image sensor are read out. Thus, it is possible to adjust a monitoring range of the optical sensor ("field of view", FOV) by means of the setting of the evaluation unit. Alternatively or in combination with this, the evaluation unit is set such that only a portion of the measurement data of the second image sensor is processed during operation. In other words, not all measurement data that is created by means of the second image sensor is further processed during operation. Expediently, the measurement data of a number of possible detector elements of the second image sensor are not read out during operation and / or further processed. Due to the setting of the evaluation unit, a processing speed is increased during operation, whereby not all possible spatial areas are monitored by means of the optical sensor. These are, for example, located so that no collision or the like can take place. In other words, those areas of space are not monitored after setting the evaluation unit, which should also not be monitored by means of the optical sensor. In summary, by means of the selection of the desired position and by means of the setting of the evaluation unit, a comparatively precise adjustment of the spatial area to be monitored by means of the optical sensor is made possible, which increases the flexibility. Preferably, the evaluation unit is adjusted to the desired application, for which, for example, a parameter set is used to evaluate the (measurement) data generated during operation by means of the image sensors.

Expediently, the first image sensor and the second image sensor are signal-wise connected to a common interface. For example, the connection before stabilization of the two image sensors to each other, or the two image sensors are stabilized by means of signal communication with each other. For this purpose, a rigid body is used, for example, for signaling connection with the interface, such as a wire. In particular, the connection is made by means of any conductor tracks of the carrier. Preferably, the interface is attached to, and preferably attached to, the eventual carrier. Conveniently, the printed circuit board or the Molded Interconnect Device is used as the carrier, and the interface is attached to the possible tracks and electrically contacted with this. The interface is particularly preferably a plug. In this way, a connection is facilitated. Preferably, the evaluation unit is signal-technically connected by means of the common interface, in particular by means of the plug, with the two image sensors. For mounting, a line of the evaluation unit, for example a cable, or the evaluation unit itself is expediently connected to the common interface, and in particular plugged into it.

By way of example, the optical sensor comprises a third image sensor. Particularly preferred further image sensors are provided with a respective detection area and arranged and stabilized in the desired position with respect to the first image sensor as well as with respect to the second image sensor. In this case, the further image sensors are likewise particularly preferably suitably positioned relative to one another and stabilized relative to one another. The desired position thus comprises both the arrangement of the first, the second and the further image sensors. Preferably, the further image sensors are stabilized in the same way to one another and to the first and second image sensor as the first image sensor to the second image sensor. In particular, the further image sensors for this purpose are connected to the possible carrier, which is, for example, the printed circuit board or the Molded Interconnect Device. Suitably, a signaling connection of the further image sensors with the possible evaluation unit and / or the possible common interface takes place. Preferably, the optics are also arranged in front of the further image sensors.

In summary, the optical sensor as a whole 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 or more image sensors, which improves angular resolution and / or increases observable spatial area. Due to the comparatively large number of image sensors, the production costs are reduced in comparison to an overall enlarged image sensor, which is manufactured, for example, for the specific application. By means of the additional image sensors, the angular resolution and / or an area to be monitored are increased or at least suitably adapted so that the optical sensor can be used for a very wide variety of applications. Expediently, the evaluation unit is set in such a way that at least one of the image sensors, for example of several of the image sensors, does not process all the measurement data. As a result, it is possible to manufacture the optical sensor according to a specific specification, so that in operation a certain requirement profile is met. For this it is not necessary that the image sensors themselves be adjusted, which reduces manufacturing costs.

For example, all image sensors are arranged in a line. In other words, the desired position corresponds to a line arrangement of the image sensors. The line itself is for example, a straight line or a semicircle. For example, the line is the outer boundary of a polygon, in particular a regular polygon. Due to the arrangement along the line positioning of the image sensors is simplified. Alternatively, the image sensors are arranged on a surface that is configured, for example, just. In other words, all image sensors are arranged in one plane. Here, the image sensors are conveniently attached to the eventual circuit board. Alternatively, the surface is, for example, a spherical surface or surface configured according to the requirement profile of the optical sensor. Suitably, the molded interconnect device to which the image sensors are connected is used here as the carrier. Due to such an arrangement, on the one hand the image sensors are kept relatively stable. On the other hand, an area to be monitored is comparably freely selectable, which further increases the flexibility.

Alternatively or particularly preferably in combination with this, the image sensors are arranged such that two mutually spaced planes are formed by means of the detection regions of the image sensors. The two planes are expediently configured parallel to one another and, for example, fan-shaped running away from the optical sensor. In particular, if the optical sensor is used as a distance sensor, in this case a change in position of an obstacle detected by means of the optical sensor can be detected. For example, a further or more such levels are formed by means of the detection areas, which are spaced apart from the already existing planes, and to which, for example, likewise run fan-shaped. In this way, a resolution and evaluation is further improved. The (two) planes preferably run substantially perpendicular to a possible adjustment path of the possible adjustment part, if the optical sensor is used as a distance sensor. During movement of the adjustment part, the planes are expediently also moved so that they cover the area which the adjustment part will occupy before it, in particular during an opening movement.

Suitably identical image sensors are used. Consequently, the first image sensor is identical to the second image sensor. Preferably, the possible further image sensors are identical in construction to the first and the second image sensors. Consequently, comparatively many identical parts can be used to manufacture the optical sensor, which reduces manufacturing costs.

Advantageously, the image sensors are arranged such that their detection areas overlap at least partially. Thus, during operation, the same object is detected with both the first and the second image sensor, provided that it is in the overlapping area of the two detection areas. In this way, a security is increased and / or improved angular resolution. For example, by means of the possible optics, the overlapping detection areas are suitably steered. Alternatively, the detection areas do not overlap, and by means of the possible optics an overlapping area of the space areas monitored by the image sensors is formed.

Two standard image sensors are used to make an optical sensor of a motor vehicle. Here, the two standard image sensors are arranged in a desired position to each other and stabilized to each other. One of the standard image sensors is used as the first image sensor and the other as a second image sensor. The standard image sensors are typically used, for example, to create a camera, for example in a mobile telephone, so that they are available in relatively high numbers, which reduces manufacturing costs.

The assistance system is a component of a motor vehicle and is used for distance detection. The assistance system has an optical sensor which is produced according to a method in which a first image sensor with a first detection area and a second image sensor with a second detection area are provided. The second image sensor is arranged in a desired position with respect to the first image sensor, and the first image sensor is stabilized with respect to the second image sensor. Furthermore, the assistance system comprises a lighting device, such as an LED (Light Emitting Diode) or a laser. Preferably, the assistance system comprises a control unit, by means of which the illumination device and / or the optical sensor is controlled, or by means of which any measurement data are evaluated.

Preferably, when operating by means of the lighting device, a certain area of space is illuminated. For example, the room area is completely illuminated or successive. In this case, the light emitted by the illumination device is reflected or scattered by an object located in the spatial area. This is detected by means of the optical sensor. Preferably, by determining the time period between emission of the light and detection of the light, using the speed of light, a determination is made of the distance of the object from the assistance system, in particular from the optical sensor / the illumination device. For example, the lighting device and at least one of the optical sensors is a Part of a so-called "Time of Flight" sensor (ToF sensor).

Suitably, a calibration is carried out after the assistance system has been mounted on the motor vehicle. As a result, any assembly errors and / or deviation, such as tolerance, are taken into account. Alternatively or in combination for this purpose, the calibration takes place in particular after production of the assistance system and before mounting on the motor vehicle. For calibration, for example, an object is positioned at a predefined distance from the optical sensor and / or the illumination device and its distance determined. The predefined distance is compared with the determined (calculated) distance. This is modified by means of a correction factor to the predefined value.

The invention further relates to an electromotive adjusting device. The electromotive adjusting device is a component of a motor vehicle and comprises an adjusting part driven by means of an electric motor. The adjustment is, for example, a side window, a sunroof, a hood, a seat or a part of a seat. The adjusting part is preferably a door, and the electromotive adjusting device is an (electromotive) door adjustment. The door is for example a side door, which is in particular a hinged door or a sliding door. Alternatively, the door is a tailgate. The electric motor is, for example, a brushed commutator motor. Conveniently, the electric motor is a brushless electric motor, in particular a DC motor. Preferably, the electric motor is a brushless DC motor (BLDC) and / or a synchronous motor. The adjustment is mechanically coupled to the electric motor, for example by means of a transmission, such as a worm gear. Alternatively or in combination with this, a spindle or a cable is mechanically arranged between the electric motor and the adjusting part.

The electromotive adjusting device comprises an assistance system for distance detection, which serves in particular to avoid a collision when actuated. The assistance system has an optical sensor, which is manufactured in accordance with the above method, and thus comprises at least two image sensors stabilized relative to each other. The optical sensor is preferably arranged in the region of an outer edge of the adjusting part. In this case, the optical sensor is arranged, for example, on the adjusting part itself or on a further component of the electromotive adjusting device, for example a hinge or a frame, which remains stationary when the adjusting part is pivoted. In particular, it is monitored by means of the optical sensor, whether the door is pivoted against a curb or the like. In particular, the detection areas of the image sensors are arranged to a plane which is spaced from the door, for example between 5 cm and 20 cm and in particular equal to substantially 10 cm. The detection areas are preferably arranged in a possible adjustment range of the adjustment part. In particular, the detection areas are outside the motor vehicle.

The refinements and advantages embodied in connection with the method / the optical sensor are also to be correspondingly transferred to the use / the assistance system / the electromotive adjusting device and vice versa.

• 1 schematisch ein Kraftfahrzeug mit einer elektromotorische Verstelleinrichtung, die ein Assistenzsystem mit einem Abstandssensor aufweist,
• 2 ein Verfahren zur Herstellung des Abstandssensors,
• 3 unterschiedliche Kalibrierungen des Abstandssensors, und
• 4 -7 unterschiedliche Ausgestaltungsformen des Abstandssensors.

Embodiments of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to a drawing. Show:

• 1 1 shows a motor vehicle with an electromotive adjusting device, which has an assistance system with a distance sensor,
• 2 a method for producing the distance sensor,
• 3 different calibrations of the distance sensor, and
• 4 - 7 different embodiments of the distance sensor.

Corresponding parts are provided in all figures with the same reference numerals.

In 1 is a motor vehicle 2 with an electromotive adjustment drive 4 shown in the form of an electric motorized door adjustment. The (electromotive) adjustment drive 4 includes an electric motor 6 , which in operative connection with an adjustment 8th in the form of a door. The adjustment part 8th is by means of two hinges 10 hinged to a body not shown. Upon actuation of the brushless electric motor (BLDC) designed electric motor 6 becomes the adjustment part 8th along an adjustment path 12 pivoted. It is possible that the adjustment 8th against an obstacle 14 is spent, which is in the adjustment of the adjustment 8th located.

To avoid this, the adjusting drive 4 an assistance system 16 with an optical sensor 18 and two lighting devices 20 on. The lighting devices 20 are each laser, and by means of the optical sensor 18 become two spaced planes 22 supervised. When operating each of the levels 22 each by means of one of the lighting devices 20 illuminated, located in the area of an upper seal of a side window 24 of the adjustment 8th are located. The two levels 22 are spaced apart and substantially perpendicular to the adjustment 12 arranged. If the adjustment part 8th along the adjustment path 12 is pivoted first, the furthest from the adjustment part 8th positioned plane 22 over the obstacle 14 moved away. That from the obstacle 14 Reflected light is detected by the optical sensor 18 detected. Based on the time span between the emission of the light by means of the lighting device 20 and receiving the scattered light by the optical sensor 18 With the aid of the speed of light, the distance of the obstacle to the optical sensor is reduced 18 determined, and thus determines whether the obstacle 14 in the adjustment of the adjustment 8th located.

In a further movement of the adjustment 8th along the adjustment path 12 the obstacle occurs 14 out of this plane 22 out and then on to the next level 22 one. Based on the comparison, the time span between the exit and the entry into the two levels 22 or entering the respective level 22 is located, and taking into account the adjustment of the adjustment 8th along the adjustment path 12 it is possible to determine if the obstacle 14 is stationary or moving. If the obstacle 14 in the adjustment of the adjustment 14 located, and if the obstacle 14 in the adjustment part 8th next of the levels 22 enters, is a current to the electric motor 6 interrupted, or the adjustment part 8th is again brought into a closed position against the previous adjustment.

In 2 is a procedure 26 for the production of the optical sensor 18 shown in the 3 partial perspective view is shown. In a first step 28 becomes a first image sensor 30 , a second image sensor 32 as well as other image sensors 34 provided. The first image sensor has a first detection area 36 on, the second image sensor 34 has a second detection area 38 on, and every three other image sensors 34 each has a further detection area 40 on, each of which is truncated pyramidal. The first image sensor 30 , the second image sensor 32 as well as the other image sensors 34 are identical and each formed by means of a semiconductor device. Each of the image sensors 30 . 32 . 34 has detector elements not shown in detail, which are arranged in a surface and suitably interconnected. Further, the image sensors 30 . 32 . 34 are configured substantially cuboid, and each include an integrated evaluation. Here, the image sensors work 30 . 32 . 34 according to the CCD or CMOS principle, and as image sensors 30 . 32 . 34 Standard image sensors are used which are also used, for example, in a mobile telephone or the like.

In a subsequent second step 42 become the image sensors 30 . 32 . 34 in a desired position 44 arranged to each other. In the desired position 44 are the other image sensors 34 with respect to the first image sensor 30 and the second image sensor and the first image sensor 30 with respect to the second image sensor 32 desired arranged. Here are all image sensors 30 . 32 . 34 arranged in a line, wherein a line is used here as a line. Furthermore, all coverage areas 36 . 38 . 40 directed in one direction, and the detection areas 36 . 38 . 40 of at least two of the image sensors 30 . 32 . 34 partially overlap at their mutually facing end sides. This overlaps the second detection area 38 both with the first detection area 36 as well as with one of the other coverage areas 40 , This further detection area 40 also overlaps with another of the other detection areas 40 , which in turn in addition to another of the other coverage areas 40 overlaps. Thus, a total of three of the coverage areas overlap 36 . 38 . 40 each with two of the coverage areas 36 . 38 . 40 ,

In a subsequent third step 46 , for example, coinciding with the second step 42 is done, the image sensors 30 . 32 . 34 on a common carrier 48 in the form of a printed circuit board, the connected to a glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin interconnects 50 has, attached and thus stabilized with respect to each other. In other words, it is no longer possible to non-destructively one of the image sensors 30 . 32 . 34 from the desired position 44 to remove. In addition, each of the image sensors 30 . 32 . 34 each with at least one of the tracks 50 of the carrier 48 electrically contacted.

In a subsequent fourth step 52 , for example, coinciding with the third or second step 42 . 46 or before these are done, the image sensors 30 . 32 . 34 signaling technology with a common interface 54 connected in the form of a plug. This is the interface 54 on the carrier 48 attached and electrically connected to the tracks 50 contacted.

In a fifth step 56 becomes an optic 58 visually in front of the first and second image sensors and the other image sensors 34 arranged and thus within their coverage areas 36 . 38 . 40 positioned. The one-piece look 58 is made in a plastic injection molding process of a transparent plastic and has one to the number of all image sensors 30 . 32 . 34 corresponding number of lenses. In other words, by means of optics 58 a microlens array is formed. By means of the optics 58 become the coverage areas 36 . 38 . 40 to one of the levels 22 shaped. The optics 58 is by means not shown fastening means on the carrier 48 attached. For example, the carrier becomes further 48 and the attached image sensors 30 . 32 . 34 as well as the optics 58 positioned within a common housing.

In a sixth step 60 becomes an evaluation unit 62 by means of a line 64 in the form of a multipole cable with the interface 54 connected. For this, the line 54 into the interface 54 plugged in. As a result, the first image sensor 30 , the second image sensor 32 as well as the other image sensors 34 Signaling with the evaluation unit 62 connected, which has a non-illustrated electronics with a processor. In a seventh step 66 , the time independent of the further steps 28 . 42 . 46 . 52 . 56 . 60 is, is the evaluation unit 62 set. Here, the proportion of the measured data to be processed of the individual image sensors 30 . 32 . 34 established. Provided all measurement data is processed, this is a first monitoring area 68 formed, which is made of the individual by means of optics 58 shaped detection areas 36 . 38 . 40 results, and the example in 4 is shown. If, during operation, only part of the measurement data of the individual image sensors 30 . 32 . 34 is a second monitoring area 70 formed, in which the maximum angle range is reduced. In addition, it also allows, for example, a third surveillance area 72 with regard to the second monitoring area 70 is moved to a page. In other words, the third monitoring area 72 in the example shown here with respect to the second monitoring area 70 tilted or twisted.

The respective level 22 is by means of the selected monitoring area 68 . 70 . 72 educated. Depending on the requirement case and design of the adjustment 8th as well as the mounting position of the optical sensor 18 becomes either the first surveillance area 68 , the second surveillance area 70 or the third surveillance area 72 selected and thus the shape of the plane 22 certainly. If the second or third surveillance area 70 . 72 is selected, only a portion of the measured data of the first image sensor 30 and a portion of the measured data of the second image sensor 32 and / or a proportion of the measured data of the further image sensors 34 by means of the evaluation unit 62 processed during operation, which increases a processing speed.

In an eighth step 74 becomes the optical sensor 18 on the adjustment part 8th attached. In this case, for example, the evaluation unit 62 attached to the body or is also on the adjustment 8th attached. At least the carrier 48 is at the adjustment part 8th tethered. For example, the attachment to the adjustment takes place 8th or the body before the sixth and / or seventh step 60 . 66 ,

In a ninth step 76 a calibration of the optical sensor takes place 18 , This becomes the obstacle 14 within the plane 22 at a predefined distance to the image sensors 30 . 32 . 34 positioned. By means of the lighting device 20 becomes the obstacle 14 illuminated and the reflected or scattered light is by means of the optical sensor 18 detected. Based on the time difference that lies between the emission and the reception of the light, the distance of the obstacle becomes with the help of the speed of light 14 to the optical sensor 18 determined. This value is compared with the actual distance of the optical sensor 18 to the obstacle 14 compared. The actual value is used as a reference, and the theoretically determined value is corrected accordingly to compensate for any assembly tolerances.

In 5 is another embodiment of the optical sensor 18 shown, in turn, also the first and the second image sensor 30 . 32 available. The number of additional image sensors 34 is increased to fourteen. All image sensors 30 . 32 . 34 are arranged along two semi-circular lines, so that by means of the image sensors 30 . 32 . 34 two similar circle segments are formed, which are shifted from each other in a radial direction. Otherwise, the circular arcs are parallel to each other. Thus, the desired position corresponds 44 two mutually displaced circular arcs. All image sensors 30 . 32 . 34 are in turn on the designed as a circuit board carrier 48 connected and by means of the printed conductors, not shown 50 with the common interface 54 connected by signal technology. Furthermore, all image sensors 30 . 32 . 34 with the common look 58 covered, which is designed plate-shaped and arranged above the two circular arcs. Thus, the image sensors are located 30 . 32 . 34 between the optics 58 and the carrier 48 , The optics 58 is located directly on the image sensors 30 . 32 . 34 what stabilizes them. Due to the arrangement of the image sensors 30 . 32 . 34 are by means of the detection areas not shown 36 . 38 . 40 the two spaced planes 22 formed, each one of the levels 22 is formed by one of the circular arcs.

In 6 is a plan view of another embodiment of the optical sensor 18 shown, the total of six more image sensors 34 having. The image sensors 30 . 32 . 34 are on the carrier designed as a printed circuit board 48 attached and in turn arranged along a line. The line is circular or corresponds to the outer edge of a regular octagon. Consequently, the desired position 44 equal to the circumference of an octagon. The image sensors 30 . 32 . 34 are in turn signaling with the common interface 54 connected and with the common look 58 covered.

In 7 is another embodiment of the optical sensor 18 shown. As a carrier 48 a Molded Interconnect Device (MID) is used, which has a substantially arbitrary shape. The Molded Interconnect Device comprises an injection-molded plastic body to which the printed conductors, not shown 50 on and / or cast. On the carrier 48 are the image sensor 30 , the second image sensor 32 as well as the other image sensors 34 and the interface 54 attached. The image sensors 30 . 32 . 34 are thus positioned on a surface which, based on the desired requirement profile to the optical sensor 18 is determined. Optically in front of the image sensors 30 . 32 . 34 is in turn the plate-like designed optics 58 arranged by means of struts 78 to the carrier 48 is connected. Due to the substantially arbitrary arrangement of the image sensors 30 . 32 . 34 to the desired position 44 and because of the look 58 it is possible, by means of the detection areas, not shown 36 . 38 . 40 both the two levels 22 as well as create complex patterns, so the scope of the optical sensor 18 is enlarged.

In summary, standard image sensors 30 . 32 . 34 , in particular standard multipixel image sensors used, by means of which a distance determination takes place, which is based for example on the time measurement (time of flight, "TOF"). The image sensors 30 . 32 . 34 have an integrated optic as well as a high sensitivity and a high robustness. Furthermore, these are relatively inexpensive due to the comparatively high number of pieces. Several of the image sensors 30 . 32 . 34 are arranged to improve the respective optical path. As a result, an assembly is formed, by means of which a common and simple evaluation takes place. Due to the comparatively inexpensive standardized components in the form of the individual image sensors 30 . 32 . 34 are comparatively simple variants of the image sensor 18 can be created, in particular any hardware interfaces need not be changed.

The individual image sensors 30 . 32 . 34 are preferably arranged in an array or a 3D arrangement, in particular the outer skin of the adjustment 8th to follow in the form of a door or tailgate. This contour is model-specific for the respective motor vehicle 2 and the optical sensor 18 is thus comparatively easy to the respective motor vehicle model 2 customizable.

In summary, standard components, in particular standard image sensors 30 . 32 . 34 used, for example, in a line or a 3D position, wherein the arrangement, for example by means of the carrier 48 is given or supported. Due to a staggered arrangement of the individual image sensors 30 . 32 . 34 and any overlapping coverage areas 36 . 38 . 40 In certain areas, a resolution is increased, so that, for example, comparatively effectively a movement of an edge of the adjustment part 8th against the obstacle 14 is prevented. Here are, for example, only one level 22 or more levels 22 educated. Suitably, the levels 22 slightly offset to each other, which is the resolution in particular in the region of an edge of the adjustment 8th elevated.

Due to the setting of the evaluation unit 62 is it possible to have different surveillance areas 68 . 70 . 72 Field of view (FOV) electronically. Alternatively, the number of the respective image sensors 30 . 32 . 34 changed. By means of the optics 58 become the coverage areas 36 . 38 . 40 arranged appropriately. By means of the optics 58 is, for example, a contour and / or segment-specific adaptation of the surveillance areas 58 . 70 . 72 allows the layers 22 according to the respective adjustment 8th are shaped.

Due to the setting of the evaluation unit 62 In particular, individual pixels from the specified array, which by means of the entirety of all image sensors 30 . 32 . 34 are provided individually selected. In particular, individual pixels are not read out. Each of the pixels is preferably by means of one of the possible detector elements of the respective image sensor 30 . 32 . 34 ready joins. By means of a calibration of the optical sensor 18 on the adjustment part 4 there is a compensation of any tolerances in the manufacture of the optical sensor 18 or the production of the adjustment 8th , In addition, there is a compensation of tolerances in the assembly of the optical sensor 18 on the adjustment part 8th , The optical sensor 18 is expediently in the disk seal area and / or a frame edge of any window of the door formed as adjusting part 8th arranged.

Due to the use of standard image sensors 30 . 32 . 34 costs are reduced. Furthermore, storage is simplified. Also, an adaptation of the optical sensor 18 to a modified motor vehicle 2 or changed requirements, which is why the adaptability is increased. In addition, further development is improved, in particular if improved image sensors 30 . 32 . 34 be available. It is also possible to use different variants of the optical sensor 18 with the same image sensors 30 . 32 . 34 to manufacture, one in size of the optical sensor 18 is reduced.

The invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. Rather, other variants of the invention can be derived therefrom by the person skilled in the art without departing from the subject matter of the invention. In particular, all the individual features described in connection with the individual embodiments are also combinable with one another in other ways, without departing from the subject matter of the invention.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

2

motor vehicle

4

adjustment

6

electric motor

8th

adjusting part

10

hinge

12

adjustment

14

obstacle

16

assistance system

18

optical sensor

20

lighting device

22

levels

24

side window

26

method

28

first step

30

first image sensor

32

second image sensor

34

another image sensor

36

first detection area

38

second coverage area

40

further coverage

42

second step

44

desired position

46

third step

48

carrier

50

conductor path

52

fourth step

54

interface

56

fifth step

58

optics

60

sixth step

62

evaluation

64

management

66

seventh step

68

first surveillance area

70

second surveillance area

72

third surveillance area

74

eighth step

76

ninth step

78

strut

Claims (12)

Method (26) for producing an optical sensor (18) of a motor vehicle (2), in particular a distance sensor, in which a first image sensor (30) having a first detection area (36) is provided, a second image sensor (32) having a second detection area (38) is provided, - The second image sensor (32) with respect to the first image sensor (30) in a desired position (44) is arranged, and - The first image sensor (30) with respect to the second image sensor (32) is stabilized. Method (26) according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the first image sensor (30) and the second image sensor (32) are connected to a common carrier (48). Method (26) according to Claim 2 , characterized in that a Molded Interconnect Device is used as the carrier (48). Method (26) according to one of Claims 1 to 3 , characterized in that in front of the first and the second image sensor (30, 32) a common optics (58) is arranged. Method (26) according to one of Claims 1 to 4 , characterized in that the first image sensor (30) and the second image sensor (32) are signal-connected to an evaluation unit (62). Method (26) according to Claim 5 , characterized in that the evaluation unit (62) is adjusted such that only a portion of measured data of the first image sensor (30) and / or a portion of measured data of the second image sensor (32) are processed. Method (26) according to one of Claims 1 to 6 , characterized in that the first image sensor (30) and the second image sensor (32) are signal technically connected to a common interface (54), in particular plug. Method (26) according to one of Claims 1 to 7 , characterized in that further image sensors (34) are provided with respective detection areas (40) and arranged and stabilized with respect to the first image sensor (30) and with respect to the second image sensor (32) in the desired position (44). Method (26) according to Claim 8 , characterized in that all image sensors (30, 32, 34) are arranged in a line, and / or that the image sensors (30, 32, 34) are arranged such that by means of the detection areas (36, 38, 40) two to each other spaced planes (22) are formed. Method (26) according to one of Claims 1 to 9 , characterized in that identical image sensors (30, 32) are used, and / or that the image sensors (30, 32) are arranged such that their detection areas (36, 38) overlap at least partially. Using two standard image sensors (30, 32, 34) for producing an optical sensor (18) according to one of Claims 1 to 10 , Assistance system (16) of a motor vehicle (2) for detecting the distance, in particular an adjusting drive (4), with an optical sensor (18), which according to a method according to one of Claims 1 to 10 is manufactured, and with a lighting device (20).

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