DE102017202543A1 - High-rise with core - Google Patents

Abstract

Described is a skyscraper with at least one generally quadrangular core and a plurality of floors accessible via up to three elevators with entrance into the core including a firefighter elevator and two separate, separately forced ventilation staircases with separate, preferably separately forced ventilated anterooms. It is provided that at two, adjacent to a first inner core inside corners of the core each one elevator is arranged including the fire brigade, along the opposite core inside the staircases are nested together whose associated vestibules are separated by their forced ventilation ducts, with staircase Anterooms and preferably also forced ventilation shafts are also in the core, and that between staircase anterooms and elevators a corridor is provided, which leads from the core to the floors.

Description

The present invention relates to the term claimed above and thus relates to high-rise buildings.

Buildings used by people for residential, office or business purposes are subject to a variety of restrictions to ensure the safety of use. Thus, a safe evacuation of the building must be possible for the case of fire, which can be easily ensured at low buildings on fire ladders. However, if buildings exceed a certain height, evacuation by fire ladder is no longer possible. Already this has implications for the prescribed by building regulations design, for example, escape staircases. Depending on national or in part regional or local regulations, this can be done at altitudes above z. B. 22 m, which are barely reached with conventional fire ladders, be the case. The building codes often become more stringent when the houses become much higher, for example 60 meters further and then a second independent, i. an independent escape stairwell is required as a safety staircase space.

In addition to the pure building regulations also increase the design requirements, because the static load increases, sufficient security against the dynamic forces of a wind attack must be given and so on.

This initially makes skyscrapers more expensive, because the corresponding, absolutely necessary structural measures mean that part of the space available on the respective floors can not be rented or sold; in other words, the so-called area efficiency, which indicates what proportion of floor space is still available after deduction of access corridors, load-bearing components, elevator shafts, building services shafts required to supply floors with water, electricity, etc., is reduced. It is clear that high area efficiency is economically desirable.

It is common to arrange elevators, staircases, etc. in a core and to arrange around this the usable surfaces. The area efficiency could easily be increased by increasing the distance between the outer wall and the core, also referred to as the so-called Lease Span. However, this leads reasonably to the fact that at very large distances between outer wall and core in the nuclear nearer space areas penetrates little light, so these are darker. The attractiveness of the object thus decreases for both office and residential purposes. This applies a fortiori, if the enlargement of the distances between the outer wall and the core as offices or living areas makes usable areas so large that they have to be subdivided into a large number of smaller, often narrower units, which only reduce over a long time, and in turn lower the area efficiency , the attractiveness of further reducing corridors can be tapped. However, with the reduction of the attractiveness of the property, increasing the span between the outer wall and the core for an investor or developer increases the risk that a local real estate market will not be able to accommodate the entire area, i.e. with the same number of floors. especially in advance sales and / or sufficiently short notice after completion of construction. It is desirable to increase the attractiveness of an object while minimizing the economic risk to an investor or developer.

This is especially the case when not only the living spaces themselves are attractive, but also the building itself is perceived as visually appealing. This is important precisely where few skyscrapers exist at the moment and skyscrapers are judged very critically per se as urban planning.

A high-rise building that has been used for some time now is the so-called twisted high-rise building, as it was designed by Calatrava under the name "Torso" in 2005 in Malmö, or the "Evolution Tower" in Moscow. Even these examples show that there are a variety of design options for twisted high-rise buildings.

It is now desirable to ensure high efficiency, regardless of the external design for a variety of buildings.

Accordingly, the present invention is generally applicable to skyscrapers having a generally quadrangular core and a plurality of floors.

Cores in skyscrapers are completely common and there are accordingly a variety of rights relating to skyscrapers with cores. As an example, it is called the DE 20 2005 015 902 U1 which comprises a skyscraper with outer shell, inner core and utility area, the inner core should have core walls that separate escape routes from other areas of the skyscraper.

In this case, a part of the floors should first be divided by firewalls into several separate fire sections and the firewalls or fire sections with the proviso in the inner core, the inner core is divided into a plurality of separate fire sections.

A high-rise for residential purposes is from the JP 2003 184331 known, wherein in a core, a single elevator and a staircase is provided and several, belonging to different housing units unit baths.

From the WO 2009/097415 is a twisted high-rise known, which has a square core, the use of which is not described in detail.

Against this background, it would be advantageous to create skyscrapers with low economic risk.

The object of the present invention is to provide new products for commercial use.

The solution to this problem is claimed in an independent form. It is therefore proposed in a high-rise building with core that at two, adjacent to a first core inside corners in the interior of each core an elevator including the fire brigade is arranged along the opposite core inside the staircases are nested together, their associated vestibules through the forced ventilation ducts are separated, with staircase-antechambers and forced ventilation shafts are also in the core and that between staircase-anterooms and elevators a corridor is provided, which leads from the core in the floors.

A first basic idea of the present invention lies in the recognition that a core constructed as proposed, despite the compact dimensions allowed, satisfies a large number of requirements simultaneously. This ensures a high level of fire protection. The core readily allows a three-level security concept in which all apartments lead to a corridor, which in turn leads to the anterooms, which in turn allow escape through selectable stairwells. As firefighters lifts in the present case are particularly secure lifts to understand that allow the fire department in case of fire, a direct reaching the fire or at least an approach to it without exhausting stair climbing. Fire brigade lifts are particularly secure, with the appropriate measures such as the controller, emergency power supply, etc. are not discussed here, but the skilled person readily known, and can be used here for the present purposes. In the present case it is easily possible to use firefighting elevators for about 1.5-2.0 t, which require shaft dimensions of typically at least 2.5 m × 3.0 m. Fire brigade elevators of e.g. Although only 1t with even smaller dimensions would possibly be usable, but due to their low transport capacity rather the exception, possibly critical in terms of building regulations and otherwise less preferred.

The two elevators provided in the core can extend without problems in the core up to the highest floor, which ensures a redundancy in the event of a lift failure and allows compliance with the provisions of the Model Tower Directive (MHHR) or comparable international regulations.

The proposed arrangement with up to three lifts also makes it possible to carry a large number of people quickly even at peak times. This is advantageous because waiting for an elevator is critical to feeling high comfort or lack thereof. Waiting-time calculations are internationally recognized according to the simulation methods of the CIBSE Guide D of 2015 (Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers, London). According to this, average waiting times of less than 45 seconds are considered acceptable in the living area and very comfortable (excellent) under 25 seconds. For a high degree of comfort, it is essential that a fast transport is guaranteed even in times of peak loads. For high-rise residential buildings, the morning rush-hour is decisive. The transport capacity, referred to as the handling capacity HC5, indicates how many percent of the population of the high-rise building can be transported on average within 5 minutes. This should be above 5% (satisfactory),> 7% are considered excellent.

Now the waiting times for a lift at peak times can not be shortened arbitrarily by increasing the lift speed and ergo the lift acceleration, because this is considered uncomfortable and the increase in lift speed primarily affects when the lift can cover long distances without stopping in between to have to allow more people to get in or out; In the case of frequent stopovers, the maximum acceleration or its change, ie the so-called "JERK factor", also becomes relevant. It is therefore obvious that where several lifts are available, which are used by a large number of people at peak times, the number of comfortably operable floors increases for a given maximum waiting time. By according to the invention at the core, ie installed in the core or directly on the core up to three elevators, longer distances can be covered before a next stop. This can be more overall Floors are served. It is understood from the above that with up to two elevators in the core without further elevators in the building preferably not more than 45 floors, more preferably not more than 40 floors, more preferably not more than 35 floors are served. If a third core-near elevator is provided, preferably not more than 55, in particular preferably not more than 50, particularly preferably not more than 45, floors are served. The third core-near elevator - if provided - does not necessarily have to serve the entire building height; it is preferred if it extends over not more than 20 floors, more preferably over no more than 15 floors. The nesting of the staircases with each other to a so-called scissor staircase and the separation of the staircases from the elevators through the corridor allowed despite the up to three elevators the design of the core with only a small area, although the arrangement with separately forced ventilated areas ensures a high level of security can be met and a variety of nationally partly different rules can be met. In particular, for the German standard for fire protection requirements and the like, which is applied verbatim or in its essential characteristics in other countries, cf., for example, the Model High-rise Guideline, the proposed arrangement allows particular area-efficient cores to be achieved. Not only a small core is guaranteed, which already leads to an increased area efficiency per se and thus to low costs, but it is also achieved a core that can be designed in statically particularly advantageous manner. Thus, for a given dynamic or static load, less reinforcement and / or thinner walls can be used, which in turn reduces costs and increases area efficiency. This means that skyscrapers can be built more economically even where stringent safety regulations previously precluded economic use. This concerns in particular smaller floor plans.

Forced ventilation will in many cases - and depending on the relevant local, regional and / or national safety regulations - typically be realized as overpressure ventilation, ie by injecting fresh breathable air with overpressure into the corresponding staircases, vestibules, etc. But it also becomes protection claimed, if required in some countries, the forced ventilation is not realized as a positive pressure air supply, but additionally and / or alternatively a smoke extraction takes place, which eg by sucking off smoke air, in which case fresh, unused air, e.g. can be tightened by sufficiently large shafts. For this purpose, vertical shafts for stairwells and / or their anterooms and / or the elevator anterooms or other rooms may also be provided; The forced ventilation shafts can thus be used for positive pressure air supply, smoke extraction and / or (pressure-free) fresh air afterflow.

The core is present also particularly stable and inexpensive, because only a few openings must be provided therein. In addition to the direct passageways for the corridor and possibly individual lines for the home-technical supply of consumers provided in the core or the adjacent corridors, etc., a forced ventilation opening for the fire brigade lift must occasionally be provided after several uninterrupted floors. This may in fact be supplied from a shaft outside the core, which requires a large wall breakthrough about every four floors, whereas the Treppenraumvorraum forced air shafts must feed each floor in the corresponding vestibule. The number of passages through the massive core wall and thus the static disturbances in the core wall thus remain low, which on the one hand reduces the required wall thicknesses or their reinforcement and on the other hand reduces construction costs. This is especially true where the passageways, which are present anyway, are used for the corridor to provide pipelines for the home automation of consumers present in or adjacent to the core.

It is also preferred if the lintels are not more than 20 cm away from the clear door heights, more preferably not more than 15 cm, in particular not more than 10 cm. In this way, breakthroughs in the door lintels (Lintel Beams), which are subject to particularly high loads due to shear forces, are reduced in size, which must, as it were, hold together the core parts separated by corridors. By bringing these lintels as close as possible to the clear door heights and connecting them to the upper ceiling panel above the corridor openings, the cross-sectional area of the lintel is kept large, which helps to avoid or minimize shear steel components or wall thickening there. Nevertheless, it is possible, near the door lintel, to guide lines for the supply of the core from the core outside, for example from the MEP supply attached to the core outside, to the interior of the core. The corridor can be redistributed in the core. To the relevant lines, e.g. Include control and sensor lines, power lines and wet risers for extinguishing and sprinkler water. The passageway near the lintel requires cross-sections, preferably no more than about 100mm in diameter, to provide the necessary ducts within the generally accessible community-owned area.

Moreover, since the corridor can be designed in a straight line and can stay short, no significant space consumption is otherwise required for the floor development.

The forced ventilation can and will usually provide for an overpressure in the anterooms or in the fire service hoistway and in the stairwells, so that in case of fire smoke can be kept away from the escape routes by overpressure. The shaft sizing is e.g. according to the sample high-level guideline so that - in the case of forced ventilation by compressed air supply - on the one hand, a high volume flow is achieved by an open door to push away otherwise penetrating smoke, on the other hand, but also an adjusting pressure on the as desired in the direction of escape opening doors not excessive needs to grow up; from about 50 Pascal contact pressure would make it difficult to open the closed door in case of flight. These opposing principles can be met despite the challenges, as simulation and sizing show.

The two ventilation ducts assigned to the different staircase spaces need not be separated from one another with particularly high fire resistance, so that it will be sufficient to provide stiffened, thin and separating sheet metal walls. This in turn allows the use of only one, jointly used passage opening per floor ceiling, which has a cost-reducing effect.

In a preferred variant, the high-rise is a high-rise residential building with a large number of apartments. Six flats can already be supplied with a short uniaxial corridor, so that excellent access is guaranteed with the described core with minimal corridor areas. The corridor only needs to extend slightly beyond the core walls. In a preferred variant, certain facilities provided for the supply of core and apartments, such as a fire brigade forced ventilation duct, ventilation duct for the corridor and mechanical and electrical ducts are provided outside the core. Even then, it is not necessary for the core to extend over more than 1.2 m to about 2.7 m from the core outer wall to the next door sill.

It is preferred for taller buildings if, in addition to the two elevators provided in the core, another elevator is provided outside the core. This is typically arranged on a core outer wall so that its door opens into the provided between firefighters elevator and second elevator elevator lobby. This allows three elevators to share a single elevator anteroom; This consumes also with typically around 6m2 only a small area, although he already gives a spacious impression with several people waiting. Where attention must be paid to the distance of the firefighter access exit door to other elevator doors or the elevator anteroom door and where this measure is critical, for example because, as in Germany, relevant standards set lower limits for distances especially for stretchers before the fire brigade elevator, the elevator door the third, arranged on the outer core wall side and opening in the common elevator lobby elevator incidentally laterally offset towards the second elevator and thus away from the fire brigade elevator are arranged. This is preferred.

It should be noted that theoretically, the 3rd elevator could be a fire brigade elevator, but this would then lead to the top floors. However, it is particularly preferred if the third, outside the core arranged elevator does not extend over the entire building height. Rather, it can be provided that the third elevator extends only up to a certain height. This makes it possible to connect a stub corridor to the elevator vestibule above the third elevator, that is to say in floors which are no longer operated by the third elevator, from which further, preferably one to two, doors are removed, the more so - to serve residential units. Thus, up to eight residential units per floor can be served from the core without further measures. Since these are rather small, it will be useful to provide them in the - typically not particularly coveted - medium to low height in the skyscraper, which is why the third elevator is typically out to the lower third, at least not beyond the lower half.

The preferred staggering of the 3rd elevator in such a way that it only serves lower levels, is also counteracted by the zoning of elevators in floor groups, which is customary in highrise construction, all of which are approximately 15 to 25 storeys. The 3rd elevator can well serve the maximum lower third of the people in the entire building. Simulations show that it leads rather to longer waiting times, even if he drives up.

It should be mentioned that regardless of the good development possibilities can certainly be floors where larger units are available, for example, because only 2 - 3 apartments per floor provided for more demanding users or even housing units are created, the like a duplex apartment over for example extend two floors and are provided with its own, arranged within its own apartment small staircase.

However, in view of the typical needs of the housing market, a plurality of floors will have at least three, preferably at least four and not more than six apartments, all of which will be serviced from a uniaxial corridor leading out of the core. It will be appreciated that in typical residential high-rise buildings, at least 20% of such floors will be present with between 4 - 6 apartments serviced from the uniaxial corridor, preferably even 40% floors, more preferably over 50% floors.

In a preferred variant, the skyscraper will not have a fourth elevator with entrance to the core. The skyscraper is preferably at least 35 floors, in particular at least 45 floors, alternatively and / or additionally not more than 55 and preferably not more than 60 floors, which are accessed via the core. It should be mentioned that possibly additional arrangements such as more elevators additional cores floors below the floor number mentioned could be arranged, for example, to provide a - possibly wider - base with office space in mixed use below the residential floors. The core could then be reserved for the development and supply of upper floors. This is advantageous insofar as the total number of floors which can be easily served at a maximum waiting time even during peak times will depend on the density of the persons accommodated on the floors. In office floors, however, typically less space is given to the individual. For office use including ancillary areas about 10 - 12 m ² per person to set, while a high-quality 100 m ² apartment in Western countries is typically used by three to four people. This in turn means that the core in the living area can easily supply the said floor numbers, in particular without the perceived comfort suffers.

In typical cases, clear room heights of 2.7 m - 3 m are used in the floors plus typical 40 cm to 60 cm for the static-constructive ceiling packages including floor construction. This results in overall heights of at least 100 m, preferably 150 m and particularly preferably at least 160 m of the high-rise.

The core must have a sufficiently high fire resistance and needs for this a certain wall thickness. At the above heights of more than 100 m, this wall thickness is larger, for static reasons, than it would have to be to achieve a sufficient fire resistance of F 120 or F 180. However, the described core can be designed so that the wall thickness remains acceptable regardless of the static requirements at the said heights and does not significantly reduce the area efficiency. This is especially true for a slenderness of at least 10, especially at least 15, and most preferably at least 17. The preferred skyscrapers to be constructed with the proposed core are thus very slim. Slimming refers here to the ratio of the smaller core width (including walls) to the total height of the core.

The high area efficiency means that it can be built economically, even if the extension of high-rise floors from edge to edge of the façade through the core is no more than 32 m; preferably it will not be more than 28 m, more preferably not more than 27.5 m and in a particularly preferred variant it will be between 23 m and 26 m. This ensures particularly desireable rooms, which are illuminated deep into the room by daylight, without these rooms having to be too high. It should be noted that the core would be suitable for office buildings due to the elevator capacity then usually lower skyscrapers, where larger room depths such as 10 m-12 m are common.

In principle, it would be possible to provide a high-rise building with several, more or less independent cores. However, it is preferred if only one core is provided and this is also largely square, since in most applications it must be assumed that the wind loads to be taken into account during the high-rise service life are approximately the same from all directions. In addition, just where torsion plays a significant role, as in the "twisted towers" mentioned above, the torsional stress at the same material thickness is smaller in square cross-sections than in non-square rectangles, as is apparent from the Bredtschen thrust formula. In addition, it will be clear that the core walls will be reinforced. However, the reinforcement guidance is significantly simplified if the outer core walls, which carry mainly, are kept straight in plan. In addition, the formwork technology is simplified, especially when climbing

A square or at least approximately square core is therefore preferred in particular for twisted high-rise buildings. In this case, the core is considered approximately square if none of the sides is longer than the next shorter side by more than 20%, preferably no more than 15% deviation exists, more preferably no more than 10% deviation exists. It will be appreciated that deviations from a square or near square or rectangular shape are already altered by varying the corridor width. Also at square or almost square cores can be left but a corridor width, which is typically perceived by users as pleasant already, for example in a range of 1.30 m to 1.80 m, and thus exceed the often required for safety 1,20m. It should be noted that even a square core as possible not necessarily by corners with exactly rectangular angle must be realized, even if this is already preferred for static reasons. Thus, it would be conceivable to build the core in cross section generally trapezoidal with deviations of the four corners from the right angle of not more than 15 °, preferably not more than 5 °, in particular not more than 3 °. It is understood, however, that rectangular angles are highly preferred. It should also be noted that possibly the corners, in particular the outer corners of the core can be chamfered, especially in the stairwell area. Depending on the security concept core sizes of less than 110 m2 are preferred, more preferably corresponding to less than 95 m2 and particularly of less than 79.5 m ² 8.9 m × 8.9 m, preferably sizes between 8.6 m × 8.6 m in accordance with 74 m ² or of not more than 76 m ² corresponding to 8.8 m × 8.8 m, wherein in addition to the specified clear core dimension is the - possibly from floor to floor or floor group to floor group varying - core wall thickness is added. It should be pointed out once again that the additional wall thickness will typically be greater than the wall thickness required for fire resistance to achieve a fire resistance of at least F 120, more preferably greater than the wall thickness required for fire protection reasons to achieve a fire resistance of F 180 and / or greater than the minimum thicknesses of firewalls are. This can be realized well even for houses over 130 m high.

However, it will be appreciated that the wall thickness typically need not exceed 100% of this thickness required to achieve a fire resistance. However, for reasons of safe concrete installation, thicknesses of the core outer walls of more than 25 cm are recommended. It may be possible to provide an assembly according to the present invention having a reinforcement of less than 1%, preferably 0.6% (ie 0.6: 0.15% minimum reinforcement per side and direction).

In the described skyscraper, as in the particularly preferred, but not always necessarily, in particular not always provided in combination dimensions of, for example 52 floors, 170 m height and a core size of 8.7 m × 8.7 m at wingspan between 23 - 27.5 m, compared to other cores, the area efficiency can be increased by several percent. It is particularly preferred if the wall thickness is not greater than 60 cm and, in particular above the lower floor quarter and outside of outrigger areas, is not more than 45 cm and particularly preferably not more than 35 to 40 cm.

In a particularly preferred variant ventilation shafts, in particular compressed air shafts, are provided for the forced ventilation in the staircases. The staircases are accessible from the anterooms near the core wall, while the vestibules themselves can be accessed through doors from the corridor, which are closer to the core center than the doors to the staircases from the vestibule. With this, i. in turn, with the vents located in corners, it is achieved that less of the large vent openings through the core wall are required, which in turn leads to the already described static advantages as well as building fabrication. The arrangement according to the invention advantageously makes it possible to avoid such large breakthroughs particularly close to the sensitive door lintels.

It is preferred if a double door leads to the elevator vestibule. Such a double door opens an advantageously generous spatial impression. By means of an automatic control system, however, a door half, in particular those closer to the fire brigade elevator, can be automatically locked so that prescribed distances between the escape door and the fire brigade elevator door can be achieved according to specific standards.

The elevators themselves can be easily realized for loads between 1200 and 1800 kg and still leave enough space for the vestibule to the fire brigade elevator. Regardless of this, the distance rule from lift door to corridor door given for the separation and protection of escaping persons and fire brigades is respected.

It is possible and advantageous if the Haustechnikschächte and the third elevator are not only outside the core, but also within the perimeter, in which the core cross section including wall thickness is inscribed. This is entirely or predominantly possible for the narrow building technology shafts - and even with a third elevator this is at least largely possible despite its typical minimum internal shaft mass of 2.00 × 2.00 m plus wall thicknesses. This is especially true for exactly square cores as well as for generally square cores, as defined above with respect to deviations from exactly square shape. In this case, the domestic engineering shafts or lines arranged close to the core within the circumference include, in particular, a shaft for the corridor ventilation and a forced air shaft for the forced air supply of the fire brigade elevator. The typically provided for compressed air shaft for the forced air supply of the fire service hoistway can be provided on the core outer wall opposite the fire brigade elevator, so that the inflow of compressed air is ensured in the fire service hoistway easily. From the firefighters access shaft of the common elevator anteroom can be flown through an overflow. It is preferred that all compressed air and domestic service wells are located outside the core so that the length of the corridor remains small. In addition, it is preferred if mechanical and electrical shafts are accessible and accessible from public areas, in particular from corridors.

Also preferably arranged directly on the core outer wall are the mechanics and electrical shafts. As a rule, the electric shaft requires less space than the lines for cold and hot water, gray water, sewage from balconies, etc. as well as ventilation, etc. comprehensive mechanical cables. In a preferred option, the ventilation and also the heating are arranged decentrally. Thus, the particularly large vertical ventilation ducts in the shafts can be omitted or significantly reduced

It is possible and preferred to arrange the mechanics electric shafts accessible, wherein preferably one of them can be entered from the corridor and the other can be reached by the first one. As a rule, it is preferable to be able to enter the mechanics shaft from the corridor and to reach the electrical shaft through the mechanics shaft. According to local knowledge, a walk-through MEP combination shaft is not known, in particular not with a separation as required by a door. The MEP shaft is typical, preferably like a corridor ventilation shaft, lying on that core half, on which also the staircase with its staircase antechambers lies. This is due to the fact that in a preferred variant the core is not divided in the middle of the corridor and the staircase in the core with its anterooms occupies more space than the elevators with vestibule. The correspondingly smaller wall surfaces on the elevator side can then be used for other lines such as sewage collection pipes, rainwater drainage, which are led out of the apartments on the core outer wall down and usually not walk-a.

Arranging the various building services shafts outside the core not only reduces the number of required core breakthroughs but also ensures easier re-planability during later stages of planning. This, in turn, makes it unnecessary to provide more space than is absolutely necessary for the shafts from the very outset, as is regularly the case there, where the building services shafts are to be led overall or largely at their core. Such rearrangements of the core in later phases are undesirable, especially because of the static consequences and the complex geometries to be observed in the fire safety regulations. Not only the total area of the building services shafts can remain small, but with arrangement outside of the core also the reduction of the shaft size over the height becomes more flexible and area-efficient possible. Likewise simplify any later necessary enlargements of Haustechnikschächten. The invention is to be seen as particularly advantageous for the skilled person if he sees that a nuclear redesign will remain unnecessary despite the small size. In addition, the planning is also simplified insofar as at least partial decoupling of the individual planner committees is simplified. The problems of cooperation which otherwise result between specialist planners, architects, financiers and marketing experts can also be minimized by resorting to the core according to the invention.

The arrangement of the Haustechnikschächte, in particular at least some or all of the mentioned Haustechnikschächte on the outside of the core is therefore also advantageous because the design of a high-rise is simplified, late planning changes are allowed without problems and nevertheless the land consumption for the core and or for the shafts itself can be kept low.

Preference for such shafts with respect to the core kleinteiliger wall geometry are flexibly usable building materials such as masonry or fire-resistant lightweight. This is known per se as a so-called "soft core" in high-rise construction.

By the domestic engineering shafts are within the perimeter around the core, or are largely within the perimeter around the core, so with not more than about 15% of the required for said building engineering shafts surface, in particular not more than 10%, preferably not more than 5 %, in particular preferably not more than 3% of the area for the specified building engineering shafts are outside the perimeter, the layout floor plan is simplified, even where the building has torsion in itself. Thus, even for twisted high-rise buildings, the use of a generally quadrangular core, in particular as square as possible, so at least as described above approximately square core possible. Even floors are easily accessible even if they are otherwise used a core circulating corridor and / or L- or U-shaped developments is dispensed to or around the core corners around. It should be noted, however, that even where very small, inexpensive units are to be supplied, regardless of the described possibility of developing up to 6 apartments from a uniaxial corridor leading out of the nucleus on both sides, it is possible to have many smaller units on some floors to supply from a circulating corridor. However, this will be the case in typical high-rise buildings at most on a few floors, so typically not more than 10 floors, preferably not more than 5, especially not more than 3 residential floors. The fact that it is advantageous in individual special floors such as a basement, in which a large number of small and large functional spaces are required for the building services and their particularly large connecting lines there is advantageous to provide a bypass corridor, is also mentioned. However, it is typically at least 2/3 of all floors, preferably greater than 90% of all floors bypass corridor free.

It is also possible, in floors up to which the third elevator is not guided, to provide an additional short corridor with access in the wall between the first and the second elevator to the elevator lobby. This can be separated from the elevator lobby by a door. In addition, several residential units can be easily supplied via such a short corridor without the need for an angled corridor. Overall, in a floor without a circulating corridor and therefore directly out of the core, e.g. up to 8 units can be opened.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the skyscraper will have at least 30 floors, preferably over 40 floors, but typically even more, namely at least 50 floors. At the same time, it is preferred if not more than 70, preferably not more than 60, living days are accessed via the core. As already mentioned, the perceived living comfort depends, among other things, on the fact that the waiting times for the elevator do not become too great even at peak times. Depending on the number of people in the apartments, the size of 3 elevators is limited, according to CIBSE, compared to the optimal average waiting time of <25 seconds for more than 40 floors. Another upper limit can also result from the static. It should be noted, however, that such a core with outriggers instead of the wind load-carrying facades normally used in high-rise residential buildings offers the residents the advantageous opportunity to enjoy large-scale and undisturbed views of the facade and façade supports.

It should also be emphasized in this respect that the core described herein also allows the economic construction of buildings by enabling lesser height with the same number of floors. The number of floors that can be accessed with two or three lifts, without giving an uncomfortable living feeling, namely, as described depends on the height of the floors and the floor area, as reasonably more floors mean on the one hand longer distances of the elevator, but on the other hand What is especially relevant at peak times, more people can request the elevator simultaneously or in quick succession. Simulations have surprisingly shown that increasing the room height by 80 cm (ceteris paribus) increases the average waiting time of a group of three elevators from 52 seconds to 58 seconds, which is quite significant. As already discussed, however, the smaller core makes it possible to build smaller floor areas and thus smaller lease spans when demanding the same space efficiency. However, because small lease spans of preferably 7.00m to 8.50m allow for smaller clear room heights of less than 3.00m, without the rooms appearing dark, the small core reduces the building height, which in turn reduces the price of the building.

It should be mentioned, moreover, that especially at peak times the achievable speed (end) speed and the floor height and thus the distance to be traveled by the elevator are no longer alone decisive for expected waiting times. With more than 60 floors waiting times rise to a level that is often no longer acceptable, for example, over 1 minute waiting time ("not satisfactory" according to CIBSE). It is therefore preferred if elevators are used in the core at 5 m / sec, even if elevators with up to 7 m / sec could be used without any problems, since the possible speeds with very fast lifts in the height range below 200 m can hardly be fully extended , For the 3rd elevator, which preferably serves the lower third, it is preferable to use not more than 4 m / sec as the maximum speed.

It will be appreciated that the core presented for a high-rise building would possibly also be usable in office buildings, but the maximum size of elevators conveniently operated by elevators or maximally operable floors is significantly lower, because in office buildings depending on the country a density of about 8 m ² to 12 m2 per person instead of about 30 m ² ie with the same number of floors in office buildings is to be set for each person in the western residential buildings, more people have to be transported. In addition, the spread in office space is usually greater, because not entirely bright daylighting in offices is more acceptable. Also, the accepted as comfortable waiting in the Office operations at 25 seconds are significantly shorter, which tends to require more elevators.

Where mixed use is planned, office space may therefore be arranged on lower levels, which could be accessed via additional elevators from the ground floor. Further, where office space is needed, the use of so-called twin lifts and / or double decker lifts may be advantageous. In Twinlifts two independently controlled cabins are arranged in the same shaft, double-decker elevators two directly superimposed lift cabins are provided, which are always moved together and can be accessed from directly superimposed floors. Each Twinlift or each double-decker elevator can be understood as an elevator in the sense of the invention, unless explicitly stated otherwise. So a lift can be counted as a single lift, a twin lift or a double decker lift. It is reserved, however, to claim protection only to the extent that each of the elevators referred to is understood to mean either a single lift or a twin lift or a double-decker lift. The benefits of each lift, such as ease of control, reduced costs and reduced waiting times, are obvious. It may be mentioned that the elevators can be assigned a suitable, intelligent controller. Simulations for living areas now show that two elevators in a shaft, be it as a biplane or Twinlift, bring at most little improvement in waiting times. Using 3 elevators as described here, the use of a single twin lift does not bring any significant improvement; and only with the use of 2 Twin Lifts results in the critical morning rush hour a reduction of 46 seconds without twin to then 36 seconds. The use of biplanes, however, prohibits intuitively with too few people per floor and the required many individual stops. Particularly preferred is therefore in particularly high skyscrapers, the design of at least two guided in different shafts elevators each as Twinlift.

The situation is different in the office sector. Here, more than one elevator per shaft may be regularly preferred.

It should be noted that especially in office use in the lower floors a preferred variant is also outside of the actual floor plan to arrange an elevator outside, the exit of which opens onto balconies, preferably on safety-related advantageous circumferential balconies. Such an outside elevator is particularly preferably approached only a limited number of floors due to the expense for a floor exit or for shafts required according to the regulations.

It should be noted that outside elevators, d. H. elevators not opening into the core or its corridor, but running on or near a building exterior edge, can be provided separately, in particular exclusively for the typically more solvent inhabitants of the (more expensive) upper floors.

It is also preferable to arrange the typically higher-frequented office floors in the lower half and more preferably in the lower third of the building and then fully or partially use these office floors by outdoor elevators, which when driving open only short brackets or when driving closed only short shafts requires.

A further preferred embodiment results if, as often desired architecturally, the outer contour is profiled by a slightly inclined or - more preferably - vertical notch, in particular such that the profiling notches only in the preferably circumferential balconies instead of the static deflection-sensitive edge areas in the facade area , In such a building design, the external lift, which is guided in or on the profiling or notching, the optical effect of this notch still increase.

With the specified number of levels, as they are preferred for residential buildings and at typical clear room heights, minimum of 2.50 m and preferably from 2.7 m - 3 m (measured from the top edge of the floor to the bottom edge of the concrete structure), as in residential construction for high demands are popular, results in a height of at least 100 m, preferably 150 m for a high-rise according to the invention. In particular, the height may be at least 160 m or even preferably at least 170 m.

While there is no lower limit to the height of the skyscraper with this fire safety level in which the core makes sense, it is understood that there are particular benefits where the nearly square core shape provided provides particular static advantages, ie the building becomes particularly high or has a particularly large slenderness. This will be the case if the slenderness is at least 10, preferably at least 15, whereby a slenderness of 17 and even more preferably 18 can be realized with a core whose walls are thicker than required for mere fire protection purposes but which nevertheless With a low reinforcement and still requires comparatively low wall thicknesses in lower floors. It should be noted that, in addition to the core, additional supports may optionally be provided, with which loads be removed. This will be done in more detail. Thus, the core wall thickness of the load-bearing walls can also be kept low. The achievable spans will typically be under 32 m. This is especially true where high-quality living space is desired cost. Even more preferred is a span of not more than 28 m, in particular not more than 27 m. It can be seen that spans, above all between 23 m and 26 m, can lead to particularly attractive living spaces that can still be provided inexpensively. The core will be generally quadrangular, and that is preferably exactly a square core will be present, which is in particular as square as possible, so in which no more than 15% deviation of the edge lengths from each other will occur. In addition, according to the preferred angle to +/- 10%, preferably +/- 5% exactly corresponding to right angles. The core inner wall length is preferably not more than 8.9 m corresponding to a base area of not more than 80 m ² . It is even preferable to keep the core dimension at 8.6 m × 8.6 m - 8.8 m × 8.8 m clear core dimensions. Even an inner surface of less than 110 m2 and further below 95 m2 is already preferred. This is readily sufficient to provide forced ventilation for the escape staircases and their vestibules and two elevators with a corridor between staircase and elevators.

It should also be said that there are also countries with regulations without a 3-stage security concept in which then the staircase antechambers with their forced ventilation must be completely eliminated. In countries that do not require an anterooms to the stairs, it is preferable to leave the 1.20m wide anterooms and their forced ventilation shafts, including the wall of about 20cm thick, to the corridor replaced without replacement. All specified core inner lengths are reduced by 1.40m. The core thus modified will still have a considerable torsional rigidity, at least for twisted high-rise buildings with supports which are arranged according to the parallel application, to be usable, since it may be at least approximately square formed.

It should be noted that from the ideal square core cross-section, e.g. By choosing wider corridors or by - for the development of floors higher ceiling height - longer staircases can be deviated. Thus, the dimensional variations that have been indicated, e.g. be used to possibly provide one to two more comfortable levels more on the escape stairs, if floors are to have a particularly high ceiling height. Likewise, elevators can be made slightly larger.

It is desirable and preferred if the forced ventilation ducts are arranged for the staircases in the core corners, because then the forced ventilation takes place - typically by compressed air supply - from the duct into the staircase only by comparatively thin walls and not the core wall itself. This improves the statics and lowers the construction costs. The same applies to the forced air supply for the staircase vestibules, which is typically provided as compressed air. Additional fans or the like may be provided to ensure adequate air supply regardless of the low-volume antechamber vents. For all compressed air shafts, an inlet opening on the roof can be used to supply the floors except for the smoke-free ground floor area. Depending on the regulation, spatially widely distributed intake openings have to be provided in order to avoid aspiration of flue gases from the outside. Particularly in the case of the antechambers, an additional feed can be advantageous, for example, in the middle of the building; this makes it possible to make better use of the cross section, which otherwise might be regarded as critically small. The stairwells are typically each entered through a close to the core wall, an opening transversely to the nearest core wall releasing door, while the stairwell antechambers are offset only by the width of the Treppenvorraumlüftungsschächte from the core center to the outside.

In a preferred variant, the elevator vestibule is separated from the corridor by a double door in which the door half closer to the fire brigade elevator is provided with a control which is locked in the event of fire and thus can not be opened. Thus, the minimum distance between fire brigade access door and corridor provided in various regulations is guaranteed even with a visually appealing, wide passage in the corridor.

It should be emphasized that it is often necessary due to safety regulations that elevators initially lead to a corridor via an anteroom and only from this access to the apartments can take place, just as apartments may not lead directly to escalator anterooms, but over a corridor. Such necessary corridors are realized with the invention.

In a particularly preferred variant, the domestic engineering shafts and the third elevator are located within a circumference around the core, wherein the core, as stated above, may preferably be generally square or exactly square, but need not necessarily be. This makes it possible to guarantee a sensible use of the floor even where the high-rise building is to be constructed as a twisted high-rise building.

By "sensible use of the floor space" is meant layouts in which the outer spaces, which are particularly valuable for sale and use (adjacent to the façade), predominantly have a minimum room depth of at least 4 m and preferably more than 4.50 m from the façade. With room depth is not meant the lease-span; Rather, there will be more spaces behind these outside spaces, ie on the core side. It is preferred if more than 70%, in particular more than 80% and particularly preferably at least 90% of these façade near spaces have said minimum depth of 4m, preferably 4.5m.

The specified minimum depth not only facilitates the furniture installation especially for living room and bedroom, but also in Outriggersystemen otherwise possible and preferred room high open glass facades occurring in rooms with insufficient depth in summer overheating can be avoided.

It is particularly preferred if the corridor ventilation shaft is also arranged on a core outer wall, on the inside of which there is a stairway vestibule or the staircase, and if the mechanics electrical supply on the other core outer wall adjoining the stairwell vestibule and staircase is arranged such that it also accessible from the uniaxial corridor.

If the mechanics or electrical shafts are accessible, it is advantageous to arrange them one behind the other, so that can be passed through the one accessible shaft to the other shaft, and to arrange between the shafts as required fireproof separation readily. It is possible and preferable to fire the electrical ducts of the rear shaft through the vertically preferably open (first) mechanical shaft and not through foreign residential units.

The use of a passable first shaft to reach the second shortens the required corridor distance from which the MEP devices are to be achieved, which in turn leads to more visually appealing designs, even if the corridor width is chosen to be so large that problem-free wheelchair passage respectively the use of stretchers is readily possible. The rule width for wheelchair access is usually around 1.50m. The fire brigade air duct can be arranged on the outside of the fire-fighting hoist shaft.

The sound-emitting rainwater and / or sewage pipes can be laid around the core and preferably directly adjacent to one another, which makes the drainage of the individual residential units generally inexpensive, especially due to the low shaft wall surfaces.

It has already been pointed out that, if appropriate, individual of the mentioned building technology sheds may stand slightly beyond the circumference around the core, but that typically no more than 15% of the area of all building engineering shafts are outside the perimeter, preferably not more than 5% to 10%, wherein it is particularly preferred if none of the building services shafts with more than 20%, in particular not more than 10% of its surface extends beyond the perimeter. This is especially preferred when the skyscraper has a torsion, i. floor-by-floor the floor area, e.g. the core axis are offset from each other by an angle between 0.5 ° to about 5 °. An angle greater than 3 ° results in the use of supports to a considerable space consumption within the apartments, a too small torsion is visually hardly noticeable. However, it is clear that where lower skyscrapers are possibly desired, the torsion, so that it is easily recognizable, may be larger.

Where there is a torsion in the specified low angle range between 0.5 ° and about 3 °, and possibly also up to 5 ° from floor to floor, but the floor plans of the individual apartments will differ from floor to floor even in the proposed core if equal numbers of flats are accommodated on the floors to be compared. The reason for this is that the access to the individual residential units will vary.

Nevertheless, a good use of living space in all floors of a twisted high-rise building without the use of per se intuitively obvious round core, but can accommodate the rectangular elevators and stairwells only with high loss of area, and to allow this wholly or partially surrounding development corridor, and the present To use proposed core advantageous, a distinction is preferably made between large and small areas in the housing units. As necessary large-scale housing units are considered those in which to provide typically large furniture, such as double beds, sofa groups, large wardrobes, single beds and long dining tables. The differences are rooms in residential units, which allow typical small-scale furniture such as guest toilets, storage rooms, pantries and wardrobes. Where appropriate, this includes kitchens, if the use of continuous work surfaces is considered at least partially unnecessary and / or continuous kitchen cupboard lines from standard cabinets are not considered mandatory. It is, assuming that proposed in a twisted High-rise building with the proposed core those room units that require a large-scale furniture to be arranged close to the facade and the room units separating walls are led away vertically from the facade. The walls may preferably over 3 m, more preferably over 3.5 m, typically over 4 m to max. 5 to 7 m inside, so that large spaces with vertical walls are created near the façade. It goes without saying that it would be possible to deviate from an exactly right angle of the room walls to the facade, if this is desired architecturally, but this is not mandatory. In the interior, corridors can then join and connect to the core of the small-scale spaces such as cloakrooms, guest toilets, storage and pantries, etc. This ensures good usability of the overall floor plan without necessitating a development corridor on the residential floors around the core.

It is preferable to provide supports for core relieving within the apartment in the case of twisted high-rise buildings. It should be noted that separately and simultaneously filed another application of the present applicant, in which the torsion and the support assembly is described in detail. Please refer to this application for special features. It should also be noted, however, that where the skyscraper is twisted, the floor surfaces are evidently non-circular, preferably at least generally quadrangular, with corners chamfered or rounded and the outer contour of the floor space including any balconies and the like generally square, but Incisions, protuberances and the like may have on each edge, preferably with an area based on the total area of the floor below 10%, preferably and 5%, more preferably below 3%, in particular not more than one incision or a protuberance per edge, which architecturally allows more interesting designs, without negatively affecting the overall facade shape and / or outer contour.

The deck base will generally be rectangular with an angle of 90 ° +/- 10 °, especially generally square, with preferably no edge longer than about 10% longer than the next long edge. It is possible to provide a high-rise building of the invention with out-of-glazing balconies and a distortion of the quadrangular contour only in the balcony areas. The floors are immovable against each other, but are preferably against each other from floor to floor in the same direction and preferably rotated with the same pitch about a vertical axis, in particular at an angle below 5 °, in particular at an angle less than 2.5 °, in particular an angle between 1 ° and 2 °, preferably between 1.1 ° - 1.3 ° (in each case based on 360 ° full circle). As far as the supports are concerned, these will preferably be inside the apartments, which in a preferred variant will result in a skyscraper with floor surfaces rotated against one another about a core axis and supports therebetween, the columns forming at least two groups, the supports of the columns first group are arranged from floor to floor in a first rotation around the core axis and the supports of the second group are arranged from floor to floor in a first counter-rotating direction about the core axis, preferably such that the supports are each about the core axis wind around and preferred, but not mandatory, also the supports of the second group squirm. A winch is also assumed when within a storey height, the support per se is straight and is perpendicular to the ceiling and / or floor, but preferably a turn following reinforcement by each of the corresponding supports runs. The pillars of the first group will lie on a first circle and the pillars of the second group will lie on a second circle, the first and second circles having different diameters. It will be appreciated that the previously described arrangement of small and large spaces, the wall guide perpendicular to the facade with arrangement of small functional spaces near the core even in a high-rise with such supports is readily feasible. The larger circle will correspond to that in which the sense of rotation of the supports corresponds to that of the direction of the floor, ie the outer supports will follow the rotation of the floor, while the inner supports will be twisted in opposite directions. Preferably, the outer supports are close to the ceiling run within the building, so that they follow the outer circle with the corners, but each offset a small distance inward, while preferably the supports of the second group on an inner circle to the same from floor to floor or permanent remain the same floor contour. It is also possible and preferred that the average cross-sectional area of the outer supports be greater than the average cross-sectional area of the inner supports and more columns overall will be on the smaller diameter inner circle. It is particularly preferred if there is at least one floor in which the supports of the inner circle lie on the intersection of the core wall edges with the inner circle of the floor surface, while the outer supports, that is, lying on the larger circle supports in extension of the corners of the core seen from the core center. Thus, in a preferred variant, 4 outer supports and 8 inner supports are provided. It should be noted that at particularly high or very slim skyscrapers at least one height of a diagonal of one of inner supports or is guided by one of the not completely external supports to the core wall. If a diagonal, in particular over several floors such as 3 floors is led from the inner support to the core of each of the inner supports, this stiffens the building even in dynamic wind loads quite massive, without particularly thick boom (outrigger) walls are required , It is possible to have the diagonal at the preferred dimensions of, for example, 150 m dwelling height, internal core dimension of 8.6 m × 8.6 m to 8.7 m × 8.7 m and diagonal stiffening over 3 floors in walls of thickness not exceeding 45 cm, wherein the diagonal then extends over 3 floors from the support down to the core and from the core to the upper point of a stiffening, additional reinforcement or upper chord is performed. In such a case, a stiffening, additional reinforcement or a top flange will be performed on the core to the upper diagonal point, but which can be included within a typical floor thickness, so that even with very tall, slender buildings, the additional space requirement is at most low.

As far as the building materials are concerned, there are no special requirements. Even in heavily loaded outrigger, lintel-beams - or column areas, the concrete strength C80 / 95 need not exceed and the reinforcement can be done exclusively by structural steel.

• 1 ein tordiertes Hochhaus mit Kern gemäß der vorliegenden; Erfindung mit einer die umlaufenden Balkone einschneidenden Kerbe.
• 2a eine Geschossfläche im unteren Bereich des Gebäudes, die von 3 Aufzügen im Kern erschlossen ist;
• 2b eine Geschossfläche des Gebäudes im oberen Bereich, die so hoch liegt, dass sie nur noch von zwei Aufzügen erschlossen ist, wobei die Etagen soweit tordiert sind, dass die Kernwände parallel zu den Fassadenflächen und parallel zu den Etagenkanten laufen;
• 2c ein Stockwerk oberhalb des höchsten, noch vom dritten Aufzug bedienten Stockwerks, in welcher die Etagenfläche relativ zu 2B verdreht ist, und zwar um einen Winkel, der erst nach mehreren Etagen erreicht wird;
• 4 eine Detailansicht von 2a;
• 5 eine Detailansicht von 4;
• 6 Eine weitere Detailansicht von 4;
• 7a, 7b Ansichten zur Veranschaulichung der innerhalb des Kernumkreises liegenden Haustechnikschächten;
• 8a eine vorteilhafte MEP-Schachtanordnung mit einem nur 1,20m langen Stummelkorridor;
• 8b eine weniger bevorzugte, aber gleichwohl realisierbare Anordnung mit getrennten Schächten für Mechanik- und Elektrikversorgung, mit einem 2,70 m langen Stummelkorridor;
• 9 eine Veranschaulichung für einen an den Vorraum der beiden kerninnenseitig geführten Aufzüge anschließbaren dritten Aufzug oder eine alternative stumme Korridor-Variante (unten zur Erschließung zweier Wohneinheiten mit einer separaten Korridorentlüftung);
• 10 eine Variante des Querschnittes mit in einer Kerbe geführtem zusätzlichem Aufzug;
• 11 eine Kernvariante mit kürzerem Treppenhausvorraum;
• 12a ein Kern ohne Treppenhausvorräume;
• 12 b eine weitere Variante ohne Treppenhausvorräume.

The invention will be described in the following by way of example only, with reference to the drawing, in which is shown by

• 1 a twisted high-rise building with a core according to the present invention; Invention with a notch incising the encircling balconies.
• 2a a floor in the lower part of the building, which is accessed by 3 lifts in the core;
• 2 B a floor area of the building in the upper area, which is so high that it is accessed only by two elevators, the floors are twisted so far that the core walls run parallel to the facade surfaces and parallel to the floor edges;
• 2c a floor above the highest, still served by the third elevator floor, in which the floor area relative to 2 B is twisted, and that at an angle that is reached only after several floors;
• 4 a detailed view of 2a ;
• 5 a detailed view of 4 ;
• 6 Another detail view of 4 ;
• 7a . 7b Views illustrating the domestic engineering shafts within the core perimeter;
• 8a an advantageous MEP shaft arrangement with only 1.20m long stub corridor;
• 8b a less preferred, but nevertheless feasible arrangement with separate shafts for mechanics and electrical supply, with a 2.70 m long stub corridor;
• 9 an illustration of a connected to the vestibule of the two inner-core elevators third elevator or an alternative silent corridor variant (below for the development of two residential units with a separate corridor ventilation);
• 10 a variant of the cross section with guided in a notch additional elevator;
• 11 a core variant with a shorter staircase vestibule;
• 12a a core without staircase vestibules;
• 12 b another variant without staircase vestibules.

1 shows a twisted high-rise building which, as will be explained, has a generally quadrangular core and a plurality of floors.

Like the cross section through one of the lower floors after 2a shows, is a floor over up to three elevators 2a . 2 B . 2c as well as two separate staircases 3a , 3b, each having a forced ventilation 3a1 and 3b1 is assigned and each have separate vestibules 3a2, 3b2, each with separate forced ventilation 3a3, 3b3. How out 2a can be seen, is at the two, to a first core inside 5a of the core 5 adjacent corners 5al, 5a2 each have a lift 2a . 2 B including the fire brigade elevator 2 B arranged and on the opposite inside of the 5b of the core 5 are the two staircases 3a . 3b as spatially and fire protection technically completely separately interleaved scherentreppenhäuser provided, with their associated staircase Vorraume 3a2, 3b2 separated by these associated forced ventilation shafts 3a3, 3b3 and wherein a corridor 6 between the stairwell-antechambers 3a2, 3b2 on the one hand and on the other hand the elevators 2a . 2 B is guided. This corridor is over shaft 7c depressurized.

How out 2a can be seen from the uniaxial corridor 6 up to 6 residential units without the core 5 revolving corridor. Especially good in 2 B It can be seen that four supports or diagonals 4a1, 4a2, 4a3 and 4a4 are provided in the individual residential units, which are close to the Facades in the of the facade area 7 enclosed interior two corners are arranged in the illustrated floor in extension of the center 5z of the core 5 while a second group supports 4b1 - 4b8 in this floor in extension of the core walls 5a 5b (outer wall of the staircase core outer wall) and 5c (core outer wall adjacent to the fire station on the rear of the train shaft) and 5d (outer core wall adjacent to the shaft rear of the second elevator). The corners of the core 5 are going counterclockwise, starting in the corner of the edges 5a / 5d designated as 5al, 5a2, 5a3 and 5a4. Around that part of the core wall 5d to denote that is located in the elevators, a large A is readjusted, ie this part is denoted by 5dA. The part of the wall on the opposite side of the stairwell is called 5dT. In the same way the wall becomes 5c in Fig. 5cA and Fig. 5cT for the firefighter elevator side and staircase side part, respectively.

In 2 B are diagrammatically indicated diagonal struts 7al, 7a2, 7a3, 7a4, 7a5, 7a6, 7a7 and 7a8, which lead from the supports 4b1 - 4b8 as part of an outtrigger construction on the core walls, as part of an extending over several floors Outtrigger Construction, to the details of which are in the parallel application mentioned here as well as to the arrangement of the supports for a near the corners and thus close to the outer circle of the floor surface and the other close to the inner circle in the floor surfaces and their winding in the opposite direction in two groups around the skyscraper for greater stability. It should be noted that where no twisted high-rise is desired, it may be possible to work with a series of supports near the outer surface to achieve high mechanical stability even with large spans, without the thickness of the walls 5a . 5b . 5c . 5d of the core becomes particularly large.

The comparison of the floor cross sections 2a . 2 B . 2c . 2d shows that in none of the floors shown, regardless of the torsion of the skyscraper and regardless of a generally square shape of the core 5 only a proportionate circulation corridor is required.

The figures, in particular figures 2c and 2d , such as 2a show, moreover, that large units of space can be formed in the housing units shown by way of example, are first led away vertically from the facade to inner walls and then closer to the core on the one hand corridors, especially and preferably parallel to the facade are provided, and otherwise close to the core small room units such as guest toilets, storage rooms, pantries and rooms that do not require regular cross-section, because they are intended for use with small-scale furniture or equipped with small facilities such as shower rooms, toilets, etc. As an "vertical" leading away from the facade, an inner wall is also understood if it includes, for example, as shown in 10a, 10b, 10c or 10d, smaller verspringende side rooms such as for a facade near the hardware engineering equipment room.

Incidentally, it should be noted that the floor surfaces have balconies, as they are for the 4 residential units of FIG 2 B exemplified as 8a, 8b, 8c and 8d. At these balconies, the edges of the floor surfaces are not rectilinear, as shown at 8d1 and 8b1, respectively, but have an inwardly leading corner as a notch K to turn at the rotated skyscraper of 1 to give a more architecturally appealing view. The point k in the floor plan is at the same place over all floors, ie its position relative to the core is unchanged across all floors. Either 1 as well as the 2a-2d let recognize that the disturbance of the straight balcony outer edges of floor to floor differently, in particular may be designed with different sizes, but advantageously only close to close to the room facade, so that always a square overall space can be included with the facade, which allows to use only rectilinear, here perpendicular abutting facade elements. Due to the use of the near-residential units as small-scale rooms are also on the outer walls 5a . 5b . 5c . 5 d core shafts intended for use and planning uncritical. These are lying, like 3a and 3b show, at least largely within one around the center 5z , ie, the axis of the core lying perimeter, which, as will be explained, only a few Haustechnikschächte, for example, those of the third elevator and as MEP (= Mechanical, Electrical, Plumbing) abbreviated MEP double shaft also protrude only slightly beyond the perimeter.

The core 5 of in 1 shown skyscraper 1 will be referred to below with reference to 4 in its expression for the lower floors of a particularly high skyscraper and thus attached to the core third elevator 9 described. Insofar as fire protection requirements, static requirements, safety requirements and so forth are specified and / or insofar reference is made to dimensions, it should be noted that these may vary according to national specifications, for example because the test conditions for eg three-hour fire safety vary from country to country, with consequences for wall thicknesses, reinforcement and the like and / or because other distances from exits to anterooms etc. are required. It will, however Nonetheless, it will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that they will readily be able to adapt such information as exemplified by the German Model High Density Guidelines.

In this context, it should be noted that although smoke extraction may be required in certain countries for fire protection devices instead of pressurized ventilation, but according to the invention used here for Druckluftzufuhrschächte space for scavenging forced ventilation shafts can be used and thus possibly still Nachström openings at according to the national regulations suitable place to be provided. Incidentally, where no separate forecourt forecourt forced ventilation is required, the corresponding manholes could be used for MEP supply, especially for electrical installations.

To 4 is the core 5 with the two staircases 3a . 3b provided, which are nested, but the staircases are completely separated. The fire resistance of the walls, floors, etc. provided between the stairwells is designed so that the stairwells withstand at least 2 hours of fire. The stairs run parallel to the wall 5b Namely, with 1.20 m sufficiently wide podiums 3a5, 3b5, which allow a larger group of people to flee without mutual disabilities from higher floors. In the outer corners 5a3, 5a4 compressed air supply shafts are here with 1 m2 large outflow openings in the staircases. One of the staircases will be out of the shaft 9a supplied, the other staircase 3b from the shaft 9b , For this purpose, outlet openings are provided on the shaft walls facing the stairway. It is injected such a high pressure in the shafts that in case of fire smoke from one floor can not get from the corridor on the vestibule to the stairwell even with two doors open, but a sufficient for the required number of people air supply is provided with usable breathing air. Through an open door from the vestibule to the corridor, overpressure air flows from the stairway vestibule into the corridor at a speed of 2 m / sec according to plan. The same applies if in addition a door of the stairwell to the anteroom should open: also for this door then results in an air flow from the staircase into the stairwell.

If at high levels of as 54 levels here the supply of fresh air from the entrance area is not considered sufficient to control the flow over the entire line accurately, roof suction on opposite sides of the building can be provided, of which at least one as can be accepted smoke-free. This results in shaft lengths of 2 × 27 floors. If this is still considered to be too long, which could be the case depending on the national regulations, a double intake with feed per se can be arranged as if on a roof in the middle of the building without any problems, which even with the 2 × 0.6 m2 small-sized ventilation shafts of the antechambers will result in completely adequate air flows. Thus, all systems can be dimensioned so that the overpressure with closed escape doors to e.g. maximum 50 Pascal is limited in case of fire and thus the doors can be opened by hand sufficiently well.

From the staircases lead near the wall areas 5dT and 5cT doors 3a6, 3b6 in the stairwell anterooms. These doors are provided with a locking mechanism to automatically close the door after use. The closed doors are parallel to the inner core wall 5b and openly abut against their core inner walls 5dT and 5cT, respectively, at the sides of which they are hinged.

The staircase antechambers 3a2, 3b2 are separated from each other by two forced ventilation shafts 3a3, 3b3. As a rule, the ventilation shafts do not need to be held against each other in a fireproof manner, so that a simple metal wall or the like is sufficient between them, which increases the available cross-sectional area which can be used for the forced ventilation. Where, however, the recoverable for forced ventilation of the stairwell vestibules air volume is not readily sufficient for accurate control, again keller-, roof side and / or in the middle of the building a compressed air feed into the forced ventilation ducts 3a3 and 3b3 done.

Immediately adjacent to the forced ventilation ducts lead in the stairwell vestibule on both sides of the center of the core access doors 3a7, 3b7. 5 shows now that in such an arrangement, the distance from the center of the stairwell door to the intermediate door, ie from 3a7 to 3a6 or from 3b7 to 3b6 has a considerable length. This is required in terms of fire protection, in order to prevent one and the same person of good will, but technically low expertise in the event of fire, both doors for subsequent stay simultaneously, which could endanger the smoke removal of the escape routes. According to the sample high-rise directive, this distance should be 3m be. At the same time, the 1 m2 openings, which are led out of the antechamber ventilation ducts into the staircase vestibules, are arranged inside the core, so that not every floor core wall openings are required and no horizontal Canal ducts on each floor. This allows a structurally simple design, without having to run through the thick core outer walls in addition possibly static critical manner.

Also guided within the core and provided with openings to the staircase and thus only within the core are the staircase forced ventilation ducts or shafts 9a, 9b, via which the compressed air is pressed into the staircases.

On the outside 5cT, the corridor ventilation shaft is provided in the present example, which allows venting of the over-pressure air fed in via the staircase and / or the staircase antechambers. This can possibly even smoky air pushed out of the antechambers of the stairwells or the vestibule of the fire brigade elevator and pushed back into a corridor ventilation shaft or even into the fire. It should be noted that in the present embodiment on the side 5cA back of the fire brigade elevator 2 B a compressed air supply shaft for supplying compressed air into the fire shaft and, via this, provided in the elevator vestibules. While per se the arrangement of the corridor ventilation shaft 9c not on the same side as the air supply duct 9d for the fire brigade elevator 2 B Instead, instead of the corridor vent could be located on the side 5dT, it is preferable to install the corridor ventilation duct and fire service air supply duct on the same core wall outside, ie 5c.

The walls of the firefighters air supply duct 9 d and the corridor ventilation shaft 9c are formed in the required for the required fire safety wall thickness REI90 and can be bricked. The walls of the core are firewalls and out of static reasons 60cm to 35cm thick.

The two stairway antechamber doors 3a7 and 3b7 lead to the corridor and are located closer to the center so that when closed they are again parallel to the walls 5b respectively. 5a lie and open against the shaft wall of the forced ventilation ducts 3a3, 3b3.

The corridor extends uniaxially through the core walls 5c and 5d in addition, the corridor does not have to extend far beyond the core, but only on one side, namely the corridor vent / firefighter ventilation side so far that adjacent to the width of the ventilation ducts 9c / 9d another apartment door 10A respectively. 10T can be accommodated. The width is eg only slightly larger than required for a residential entrance door 10e. Thus, on the 5cT side, the corridor has a length outside the core of only 1.80 m at 50 cm clear depth for the pressure relief shaft and 20 cm for the thickness of its wall.

At the other end of the corridor are in the illustrated embodiment, but what, as is apparent from the above, is not mandatory, also three apartment entrance doors 11A, 11E, 11T provided. Unless the door 11T The corridor can be reduced by about 1,50m to point U. The entrance door 11A lies directly next to the core outer wall 5dA. The corner 5a1 thus belongs to the corresponding residential unit, but although the elevator 2a driving along this corner is ensured by the thicker core wall at the same time a good soundproofing.

The room entrance door 11T does not lie immediately adjacent to the core's portion 5dT, but is separated from it by an MEP well assembly 9e . 9f separated. In the shaft 9e Electrical cables such as electricity, antenna cables, data, telecommunications and so on are performed. In the shaft 9f There are pipes for hot water, cold water, gray water, rainwater from balconies and roof, sprinklers and so on. Preferably, conditioned room air is generated decentrally and therefore does not require a vertical supply line.

The two supply shafts 9e . 9f lie one behind the other, leaving the shaft 9e through the shaft 9f can be reached through. It will be appreciated that the training can be configured as a walk-in shaft, that in the shaft 9e a conventional fireproof ceiling is provided and by these the appropriate lines are fire-retardant in released areas. The separation between the shafts 9f / 9e Can be guaranteed as required by a sufficiently fire-resistant wall or sufficiently fire-resistant door. The successive arrangement of the two shafts with a passable, nearer shaft has the advantage that only one side of the corridor, here 5dT, a shaft must be provided, which minimizes the disturbance of housing units through engineering shafts and long access corridors. On the whole, this makes it possible to reduce the area required for the general supply and to strike a larger proportion of the floor area into the residential units. At the same time, the corridor can be shortened, at least in those floors where on the side 5d the MEP double shaft arrangement only two units must be reached from the corridor. This is advantageous because it avoids visually unpleasant, elongated corridors.

From the corridor opposite the stairwell entrance doors leads a double door layout 12 from 2 doors 12a . 12b , see. 6 , in the elevator lobby 12c from which all three elevators can be reached in the section shown, cf. 4 , It can be seen that the third elevator 2c closer to the first lift 2a as the firefighters elevator 2 B is arranged. The reason for this, in turn, is to increase the distances from the firefighter access door to other entrances. As mentioned, according to MHHR 3m are required for this (see arrow P1). The same applies to the distance according to arrow P2. The doors 12a . 12b Both are open in normal operation, for which they can strike the corresponding corridor wall. A closing control ensures that in case of fire the door 12b is moved to its closed position, so that the required distances from the door to the firefighters lift result.

The elevator vestibule 12c is via the compressed air shaft 9d and the shaft of the fire brigade elevator 2 B flowed through suitable passage openings. The compressed air thus supplied can also be supplied via the corridor ventilation and the associated shaft 9c with possibly opened door 12a flow out.

As is apparent from the figures and in particular Fig. 7a and 7b As can be seen, are large parts of the described building engineering arrangements so close to the shaft that they are within the outer circle of the core shaft to the center 5z lying around. This is advantageous because on the one hand the planning of the residential units is at most slightly impaired, which is particularly important in twisted high-rise buildings, in which the core is different relative to the outer facade from floor to floor, of importance; On the other hand, the planning is variable enough to be able to re-plan without changing the static properties. This avoids the otherwise according to local knowledge in all of the approximately 20 worldwide previously built twisted high-rise buildings arranged uneconomic, because round cores with their mostly also also fully encircling development corridors.

The supply of dwelling units with electricity and water, conditioned air, etc. takes place from outside the core, so that the number of core breaks and other disturbances of the core is reduced; The core must have openings only for the air supply of the fire shaft every few floors, as well as for the corridor passages and for the supply of the core inside and the opposite floor side. But at most six breakthroughs in the highly loaded on thrust Lintel-Beams are required and these are also regularly limited to 100mm. Thus, regardless of the compact form, a particularly favorable, easily changed core shape design is proposed during planning. The consideration of the necessary dimensions shows that the core can be realized as a square core on a base area of about 8.7 m × 8.7 m. The stability of the core is so high, also due to the low disturbances, that at the given high-rise heights of e.g. 150 m and additional load-bearing columns with only little effort Outrigger wall thicknesses for the core of only 45 cm are necessary at least low reinforcement. Although this is more than necessary for the fire resistance of 3 hours, but given the buildings in the said height and preferred spans of z. B. 24 m × 24 m given loads very low. The accordingly achievable area efficiency is high. As already explained, the building efficiency is characterized, among other things, by the number of available elevators as well as the demands on comfort, in particular with regard to waiting times during load peaks. By only 3 elevators are used in the three shafts, one of which is preferably not up to the highest floors, but typically serves about only the lower floor third, an additional vestibule is unnecessary and the useful overall height increased. Despite short corridors, up to 6 residential units can be accessed from a single-axis corridor, whereby, as shown, additional residential units can be accessed via the elevator vestibule.

As far as actual dimensions are concerned, although only 1.20 m in width are required per staircase, platform and vestibule, it is readily possible and desirable for design reasons and to facilitate the use of buildings by the disabled, for the corridor a width of Provide 1.50 m, which is possible in the present case. It is assumed that the disabled will be rescued via the fire brigade elevator and not via the staircase. Wider stairs to the Disability Rescue but are feasible. Incidentally, it is possible to provide a positive pressure fan in the building, which, for the comparatively small ducts, can supply air to e.g. can suck in from opposite façade sides and feed into the vertical shaft. It can be assumed that at least one façade side remains smoke-free in case of fire.

The firefighter's hoist can be chosen with a capacity between 1.0 t - 2 t and can be provided for speeds between 4 - 7 m / s. Typical are about 1.5 t and 5 m / sec. Thus, the manhole dimensions are typically around 2.5 m × 3 m, with internal wall thicknesses typically around 25 cm, the thickness of which is determined by the fire resistance of 90-120 minutes and the requirement to be at least partially supported.

at 50 Living floors and 3,20m distance from ceiling to ceiling reach the described 3 elevators with an average of 2.3 persons per apartment and 4 apartments per floor their comfort limits with 52 seconds average waiting time and an HC5 of 8% in the prevailing morning rush hour (85% outgoing traffic, 2 floors per floor in the upper third, 4 apartments in the middle third and 6 apartments in the lower third). It can be shown that with only 2 people per floor, the expected waiting time drops to an already more comfortable 46 seconds, if a firefighting lift with 1,600 kg and 5 m / sec is used, a second elevator is provided, which is also in the core up to the very top traveling with and carrying up to 1,000 kg at 5 m / sec, and a third elevator with 2 m / sec and 1,000 kg for the lower 11 residential floors is provided and if these elevators destination dispatching (Destination Dispatch) is provided. It should be mentioned that a learning control software can lead to further reductions of about 3-4 seconds. In addition, it should be noted that for the simulation, an acceleration of only 1 m / sec 2 is not chosen very high and thus there is further potential of 1 to 2 seconds for the shortening of the waiting time. The elevators are single elevators. It can be seen, however, that the 40-45 seconds, which are classified as "satisfactory" by CIBSE Guide B 2015, can already be achieved with single elevators and the range "good" can be reached at least marginally with 30-40 seconds.

The arrangement described uses optimally by suitable interleaving, and in particular the arrangement of parts of the building services system on the core outside an available core area, although both in the elevator lobby, as to the passage in the corridor as well as in terms of corridor length gives a visually appealing design and the Area efficiency is particularly high.

Since MEP shafts do not have to have openings through the solid core walls to supply the individual floors, there is both dimensional optimization, which does not have to take any account of static repercussions on the main supporting core, and easy re-planability even in late planning phases allows.

The decentralized ventilation concept described is particularly advantageous insofar as it is necessary to work with only one mechanic shaft and at the same time the breakthroughs in the door lintels can be limited to 100 mm. This leads to door lintels without push-bearing massive steel components and without thickening the width compared to the already thin walls.

However, since the essential elements of the building services are accessible from the corridor, the maintenance is particularly simplified and thus the maintenance cheaper. To reach the core only from the apartments through inspection openings are still some of the sewers and / or rainwater pipes form.

It should be mentioned that variants are readily possible. For example, with notched skyscrapers as in 1 shown, optionally provided along the notch guided additional elevator. Namely, the notch will typically be generally perpendicular and thus also fixed relative to the core. With one or more elevators guided along the notch, either lower floors, eg for office purposes, can be developed and / or express lifts can be realized, for example, to premium apartments on the upper floors. It should be noted that the elevators may possibly even be arranged within a shaft, which in turn runs along the notch; but guiding in shafts is not mandatory.

The core shown has the advantage that on its basis adjustments can be made quickly and easily not only during later phases of a building design, but also once designed buildings can be modified with little effort to build in other countries. It can be responded to local variations of safety regulations particularly well.

So shows 11 in that, in a country like Switzerland, where the lock-like stairway vestibule may be made shorter than in Germany, the space gained may be used, for example, to pass a portion of the MEP supply lines through the core, as exemplified for electric lines.

In addition, there are countries in which escape staircases do not have to have anterooms. The planned in the above-described core line forecourt forced ventilation - anteroom deleted there. The core can thereby be made smaller overall; In order to achieve greater stability in the lower part of higher buildings, if required according to a selected building height, the wall thickness of the core outer walls could be increased. However, the modifications of the above core variant are easy and quick to carry out.

12a shows such a modification for Anglo-Saxon countries in which the escape staircases must have no vestibules. The planned in the above-described core line forecourt forced ventilation - anteroom deleted there. The core can be made smaller overall; In order to achieve greater stability in the lower part of higher buildings, if required according to a selected building height, the wall thickness of the core outer walls could be increased.

That for cores advantageous and preferred stiffening measure massive walls for the third elevator shaft, possibly in conjunction with continuation of the guided perpendicular to the core outer wall walls of the third elevator shaft to the inside by reinforced in-situ concrete walls of the other two shafts - even with slightly larger cores, the Staircase trees, it is possible, should be mentioned.

In addition, where the building is quite high, the considerable forces that occur just near the building fuss near the high buildings can easily be taken into account even in the case of the modification. This is in 12b shown. In 12b a reduced core is shown with the third elevator opening into the core. This third elevator night is, what can be realized problem-free, formed in the shaft cross-section so that it carries static. Also, in those floors to which the third elevator is provided, and the inner walls for the other two elevator shafts are formed in in-situ concrete. These core inner walls are here in extension of the shaft walls of the third elevator shaft.

This reinforcement by the third elevator shaft and the associated (inner) walls is advantageous. On the one hand, torsional moments of direct load are critical in a high-rise building, on the other hand, the forces caused by wind on the building must be taken into account. The torsional moments from steady load decrease, i. to the foot of the building, linear to, while the forces rise quadratically due to wind down. The respective absolute values of the forces also increase in each case depending on the tower height.

In view of the increase of torsional and wind forces downwards, particularly large forces thus occur especially in the lower building area, i. where a third elevator makes sense in tall buildings anyway. Thus, exactly where the particularly high loads occur, starting from the initially proposed above core concept, a particularly high stability can be achieved. If the third elevator, which is then preferred, leads approximately to the level of the lower quarter, then approximately ¾ of the torsional and ½ of the wind-related forces are taken into account.

Incidentally, with such further downsized staircase vestibule-free cores, it is preferable to further lower the lease span, i. the floor sizes by e.g. To reduce about half a meter in order to keep the financing volume smaller with comparable space efficiency, may be mentioned. As can be seen from the above, this leads even to twisted high-rise buildings still well usable floor plans.

That the stiffening vorraumfreie cores advantageous and preferred stiffening measure massive walls for the third elevator shaft, possibly in conjunction with continuation of the guided perpendicular to the core outer wall walls of the third elevator shaft to the inside by reinforced in-situ concrete walls of the other two shafts - even with slightly larger cores, the staircase trees have, is possible, should be mentioned.

The additional costs due to the additional stiffening are also low, because on the one hand, the additional material costs are low and on the other hand, only a little time is additionally required to concretise the stiffening structures.

It should be noted, moreover, in this context, that even a high-rise building with at least one generally quadrangular core and a multiplicity of floors accessible via three elevators with entrance to the core including a fire-fighter elevator and two separate forced-ventilated staircases is considered separately protectable is, when it is characterized in that at two adjacent to a first inner core inside corners inside the core each one elevator is disposed including the fire brigade, along the opposite core inside the staircases are interleaved with each other and between stairwells and elevators a corridor.

Protected to a particular degree is also considered, if it is further provided at least for a part of the floors a third elevator, in these floors preferably all three elevators open into the same vestibule and the third elevator has a shaft to a Core outer wall borders, which is broken for the elevator access. It is particularly preferred if at least part of the height, in particular to at least a quarter of the height of the building, at least the shaft walls are concreted, particularly preferably in continuation of the then likewise preferably concreted elevator door side shaft walls of the other two elevator shafts, so as one To achieve stiffening and / or reinforcement of the building, which is particularly preferred for buildings with heights over 110m, in particular over 120m, and offers even greater benefits, if the buildings are over 140m high, especially if the buildings are twisted.

The filing of divisional applications and / or the formulation of independent claims directed thereto remains reserved. It will be appreciated that advantageous embodiments are also defined for the advantageous advantageous "Anglo-Saxon" core as defined in the applicable subclaims and / or disclosed above.

Thus, inter alia, be provided that the skyscraper is a residential tower, preferably a residential tower with a uniaxial corridor to the main development of up to six apartments on a variety of floors in extension of the run between the stairwell area and the elevators, straight corridor.

It is also possible for the multiplicity of floors to comprise at least 35, particularly preferably at least 45, more preferably not more than 55, more preferably not more than 60 tiers above the core, preferably at least 40 tiers with a clearance between 2.55 m and 3.1 m, and / or wherein the skyscraper has a total height of at least 100 m, preferably at least 150 m, particularly preferably at least 160 m, and preferably not more than 200 m up to the upper edge of the highest living floor cover and / or a slenderness of at least 10, in particular at least 15, preferably at least 17, in particular at least 18, and / or wherein in a plurality of floors above 25 m above ground, the (minimum) extent of an outer surface through the core center on the opposite outer surface not more than 28 m, preferably not more than 27.5 m, particularly preferably between 25 m and 27.5 m, with even the tre Ppenhausvorraumfreie core with shaft-wall-reinforced third elevator to at least 25% of the height is preferred in lease spans under the above, so about from 24.5m to 26.5m; it is possible and preferred, if the generally square core is at least approximately square, and / or that provided for the staircases ventilation shafts are arranged in core inner corners, that the two inner side provided, arranged with facing doors facing a common vestibule is assigned and preferred between this and the corridor a double door is arranged, of which the firefighters closer, preferably automatically locked in case of fire.

Furthermore, in the separately claimable invention outside the core a plurality of building services lines and / or shafts may be provided, which are preferably guided parallel to and along an outer core wall, more preferably at least substantially, preferably at least 75% of the cross-sectional area, particularly preferably at least 80%, more preferably at least 90% of its cross-sectional area within a perimeter about the entire core cross-section, preferably within the perimeter around a generally square cross-section core, preferably the domestic engineering shafts comprising at least one and preferably all of venting bay for smoke venting the corridor, fire-fighter elevator duct, sewers, mechanics shaft and shaft, and / or wherein a shaft arrangement for mechanics and electrical supply of the floors is provided on the outer core wall side side, wherein the mechanics shaft of the Ke Outside out extended corridor is opened from and the electric shaft through the vertically open, preferably passable mechanics shaft on a stage is entered.

When it comes to a twisted high-rise, with the corresponding core a plurality of bypass corridor-free floors, in particular at least 10, preferably 25, more preferably at least 30 are realized by a corny free corridor floors, preferably in a bypass corridor-free floor residential units are provided , which have a plurality of separate room units, some of which are intended for the installation of furniture with a minimum size of 2 × 1 m, preferably at least 2 × 2 m, and wherein smaller Nutzbereiche are provided in which no furniture of said size are needed and, in particular, guest lavatories, store rooms, pantries and cloakrooms, and wherein the housing units are led to the façade, the room units intended for large furniture being close to the façade with walls generally perpendicularly away from the façade, preferably with walls having a length of at least ns 3 m, preferably at least 3.5 m, preferably 4 m, max. 5 m away from the facade, and where near the corridors and the large-scale furniture requiring room units are arranged.

It should be noted that a twisted high-rise building, in particular when it is built with the third elevator shaft reinforced at least to about 25% of its height, may preferably have supports for relieving the core within the apartments, and in particular - as when using the other core with staircase antechambers Also, the use in a twisted high-rise building is particularly preferred when it has at least two groups of opposing columns, as described in the applicant's co-pending application. These Parallel application is fully incorporated for disclosure purposes.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 202005015902 U1 [0010]
• JP 2003184331 [0012]
• WO 2009/097415 [0013]

Claims (11)

High-rise with at least one generally quadrangular core and a plurality of floors, which can be reached via up to three elevators with entrance into the core including a firefighters lift and two separate, separately forced ventilation staircases with separate, preferably separately forced ventilated anterooms, characterized in that two, adjacent to a first inner side inside corners of the core inside each one elevator including the fire department is arranged along the opposite inner side of the stairwells are nested together whose associated vestibules are separated by their forced ventilation shafts, with staircase antechambers and preferably forced ventilation shafts for it are also at the core, and that between staircase-anterooms and elevators a corridor is provided, which leads from the core to the floors. High-rise building according to the preceding claim, characterized in that it is a residential high-rise, preferably a residential tower with a uniaxial corridor for main development of up to six apartments on a variety of floors in extension of between the stairwell-front rooms and the elevators run, straight corridor. High-rise building according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a third elevator is arranged outside the core, preferably with an in the antechamber for the guided inside the firefighter elevator and guided inside the second elevator second door, particularly preferably laterally away from the fire brigade offset door , and / or with a lying below the attic height, preferably with above the maximum height of the third elevator from the elevator lobby via an additional auxiliary corridor developed housing units, at least one, preferably at least two residential units are accessed from the auxiliary corridor and at least one floor of this auxiliary corridor is essentially rectilinear. High-rise building according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the plurality of floors at least 35, more preferably at least 45, more preferably not more than 55, more preferably not more than 60 developed on the core floors, preferably at least 40 floors with a clear Room height between 2.55 m and 3.1 m, and / or wherein the high-rise building has a total height of at least 100 m, preferably at least 150 m, more preferably at least 160 m, and preferably not more than 200 m to the top of the highest living floor and / or has a slenderness of at least 10, in particular at least 15, preferably at least 17, in particular at least 18, and / or wherein in a plurality of floors above 25 m above ground the (minimum) extent of an outer surface through the core center on the opposite outer surface not more than 28 m, preferably not more than 27.5 m, particularly preferably between 25 m and 27.5 m and / or wherein the generally quadrangular core is at least approximately square, preferably with an inner surface comprised by the core walls of less than 80 m ² , preferably between 74 m ² and 76 m ² the wall thicknesses are greater than the thickness required to achieve a prescribed fire resistance. High-rise building according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ventilation ducts provided for the staircases are arranged in core inner corners, wherein preferably the staircases are accessible through near the core wall from the vestibules in the staircase leading doors and preferably the vestibules by the core center along the corridor guided and be entered by doors, which are located next to the shaft for the arranged between the anterooms forecourt forced ventilation. High-rise building according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the two inner side provided, arranged facing each other doors lifts a common vestibule is assigned and preferably between this and the corridor a double door is arranged, of which the fire brigade closer preferably in case of fire automatically is lockable. High-rise building according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that outside the core a plurality of building services lines and / or shafts are provided, which are preferably parallel to and along an outer core wall are particularly preferably at least substantially, preferably at least 75% of the cross-sectional area, more preferably at least 80%, more preferably at least 90% of their cross-sectional area within a perimeter around the entire core cross-section, preferably within the perimeter around a core of generally square cross-section, preferably the domestic engineering shafts comprise at least one and preferably all of venting shaft for the smoke ventilation of the corridor, fire-fighters air duct, sewers, mechanics shaft and electric shaft. High-rise building according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a shaft arrangement for mechanics and electrical supply of the floors is provided on the outer core wall side, wherein the mechanics shaft is opened from the corridor extending beyond the core outer wall and the electric shaft can be entered through a vertically open, preferably passable, mechanical shaft via a platform. A high-rise building according to any one of the preceding claims, having a generally quadrangular, preferably square core and a plurality of bypass corridor-free floors, in particular at least 10, preferably 25, more preferably at least 30 corridor-free floors accessible from a core. High-rise building according to the preceding claim, wherein housing units are provided in a bypass corridor-free floor, which have a plurality of separate room units, some of which are intended for the installation of furniture with a minimum size of 2 × 1 m, preferably at least 2 × 2 m, and with smaller utility areas are provided, in which no furniture called size are needed, in particular guest toilets, storage rooms, pantry and cloakrooms, and wherein the housing units are led to the facade, said provided for large furniture room units fassadennah with generally perpendicular to the facade weggeführt walls, preferably with walls having a length of at least 3 m, preferably at least 3.5 m, preferably 4 m, max. 5 m away from the facade, and where near the corridors and the large-scale furniture requiring room units are arranged. High-rise after the previous claim with supports to the core relief within the apartments.

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