DE102016101872A1 - Luminaire and method for producing a luminaire - Google Patents

Abstract

In various embodiments, a luminaire is provided. The luminaire has a translucent substrate with a glare-free structure, the glare-suppression structure having a light entry side and a light entry side opposite the light entry side; a translucent first electrode layer formed on or above the light entrance side of the substrate; an organic functional layer structure formed to emit light formed on or above the translucent first electrode layer; and a second electrode layer formed on or above the organic functional layer structure.

Description

The invention relates to a luminaire and a method for producing a luminaire.

Area light sources such as organic light emitting diodes emit light in a wide solid angle of up to 180 °. Often, however, a defined beam guidance is desired in order to deblade the light source or to illuminate objects in a more targeted manner.

Organic light-emitting diodes are area light sources that are approximately Lambertian emitters. That is, the light emitting diodes radiate approximately with a cos ² θ characteristic, where θ denotes the emission angle. Thus, organic light emitting diodes also emit a significant amount of radiation at angles nearly parallel to an emitting surface. On the other hand, the lighting conditions, for example for office space, are normalized and regulated. For example, at angles above 60 °, a luminance must not exceed 1500 nits. This limits the operating luminance of a Lambertian luminaire with an organic light-emitting diode to max. 1500 nits. In other words, a light source, for example for office lighting, must be glare-free to large emission angles.

For glare reduction of surface light sources, for example, beam-forming foils, (Jungbecker) plates or macroscopic elements such as metal sheets and reflectors are known. For example, in conventional organic light-emitting diodes, a beam-forming film is placed on the organic light-emitting diode and provided with a light-scattering layer. Such solutions usually lead to significant light losses. For example, the glare control of an organic light-emitting diode with a beam-forming film of 80% reflectivity leads to an efficiency loss of about 25%. Plates and sheets require an elaborate production and often limit the size of the design of the light sources and can also affect the aesthetics undesirable.

• – θ = 15°, für einen Spot mit 30° Durchmesser,
• – θ = 90°, für eine Lambert'sche OLED, und
• – θ = 60°, für eine entblendete OLED mit einem

Entblendungswinkel α und α = θ.Another problem with efficient glare control is the duck conservation. A reduction of the entendue without self-illumination of the source is always associated with a loss of light. Entendue is due to rotationally symmetric emission through the context n ² πsin ² θ · A (1) where n is the refractive index of the layer (hereinafter n = 1) in which the light is currently being guided; θ denote the emission angle and A the emission surface. Typical emission angles θ are, for example:

• - θ = 15 °, for a spot with 30 ° diameter,
• - θ = 90 °, for a Lambertian OLED, and
• - θ = 60 °, for a blended OLED with a

Glare angle α and α = θ.

In order to be able to discover a luminaire without loss, it is necessary to obtain the Entendue according to the above context. For a Lambert OLED with an emission area A of 100 cm ² results in a Entendue of 707 cm ² sr. For a glare reduction to 60 °, the area A should be increased accordingly to ~ 134 cm ² , in order to achieve approximately the same Entendue value.

Alternatively, the area change can be calculated using the following formula:

From a change of θ = 90 ° to θ = 60 °, it can be seen that the area change corresponds to an increase of 33% in order to achieve a glare reduction of an organic light-emitting diode lamp.

In general, light that emerges from a more dense optical medium (here medium 1 with refractive index n ₁ , for example, n ₁ = 1.52) and z. B. goes into air (here medium 2 with refractive index n ₂ = 1) is broken away from the solder.

The following applies for the angle of reflection α ₂ : α ₂ = arcsin (n ₁ / n ₂ × sinα ₁ ) (3) where α _{1 is} the angle of incidence in the medium 1 on the interface between medium 1 and medium 2.

It is thus necessary to restrict the light emitted by the lamp within the medium 2 to a smaller angle, so that the light outside the medium 2 with a predetermined angle, for example, a maximum of 60 °, can propagate.

To glare a lamp, it may be necessary, for example, to limit the emissable light of the lamp to an angular range of the angle of incidence of 0 ° to 60 ° to the solder. From (3) thus results in an angle range for the angle of incidence on the interface of medium 2 to medium 1, for example, glass to air, from 0 ° to 34.73 °.

An object of the invention is to provide a luminaire with one and a method for producing the same, which has a higher efficiency in the antiglare state. The object is achieved according to one aspect of the invention by a luminaire. The luminaire has a translucent substrate with a defibrillation structure. The anti-dazzle structure has a light entrance side and a light exit side opposite to the light entrance side. The luminaire furthermore has a light-permeable, first electrode layer, which is formed on or above the light entry side of the substrate. The luminaire furthermore has an organically functional layer structure designed to emit light, which is formed on or above the light-permeable, first electrode layer. The luminaire furthermore has a second electrode layer formed on or above the organically functional layer structure.

This makes it possible to provide a glare-free light with a plane light exit surface. In addition, a very efficient glare suppression with an efficiency of more than 95% can be realized. Furthermore, a lower component height can be realized in the blinding lamp.

According to a development, the anti-glare structure has a plurality of light-conducting structures which extend between the light entry side and the light exit side and connect these optically to one another.

This makes it possible for the active structure to be emitted through predetermined regions in the substrate through the substrate and to adjust the properties of the light-conducting structures or region in a targeted manner.

According to a development, the light-conducting structures each have a light-permeable core structure and a light-reflecting sheath structure surrounding the core structure.

This allows a light pipe through the photoconductive structures similar to a waveguide. The cladding structure may be an interface, for example a highly reflective or totally reflective interface for light above a predetermined angle of incidence. Alternatively or additionally, the cladding structure may be a diffusely or specularly reflecting layer or layer sequence, for example a metallic coating or a Bragg mirror. This makes it possible to form the light-conducting structures with a non-linear profile between the light entry side and the light exit side and thus to increase the intensity of the light in a predetermined range at failure or outcoupling angles from the light. This can increase the efficiency of the luminaire.

According to a development, the shell structure from the light entrance side to the light exit side on a non-linear course.

This makes it possible to increase the intensity of the light in a predetermined range at failure or coupling angles out of the light. This can increase the efficiency of the luminaire.

According to a development, the light-conducting structures have a first end face on the light entry side and a second end face on the light exit side, wherein the total area of the end faces of the light exit side is greater than the total area of the end faces of the light entry side.

This allows to obtain the Entendue value. Furthermore, this can reduce the intensity of the light above a predetermined angle of reflection from the luminaire, d. H. to de-light the lamp.

According to a development, the total area of the end faces of the light exit side is at least approximately 30% greater than the total area of the end faces of the light entry side.

This allows the luminaire to be de-glazed for office applications.

According to a development, the substrate has a substantially closed and / or planar surface on the light exit side and / or the light entry side. For example, the light exit side has a substantially planar surface. Alternatively or additionally, the substrate has a substantially closed surface on the light exit side. Alternatively or additionally, the substrate has a substantially closed surface on the light entry side.

This makes it possible to form the lamp with a high-quality and / or easy-to-clean surface.

According to a development, the first electrode layer is formed directly on the light entry side of the anti-glare structure.

According to a development, the anti-glare structure is designed in such a way that light can be emitted from the light exit side with a maximum angle of reflection of approximately 60 °.

This allows the luminaire to be used in office applications without the need for additional glare control.

According to a development, the luminaire is designed as a surface light source for general lighting, for example as an office luminaire.

The object is achieved according to a further aspect of the invention by a method for producing a luminaire. The method includes forming a translucent substrate having a de-glare structure. The anti-dazzle structure has a light entrance side and a light exit side opposite to the light entrance side. The method further comprises forming a translucent, first electrode layer on or above the light entry side of the substrate. Furthermore, the method comprises forming an organic functional layer structure for emitting light, on or above the light-transmissive, first electrode layer. Furthermore, the method comprises forming a second electrode layer on or above the organically functional layer structure.

According to a development of the method, the forming of the anti-glare structure comprises forming the substrate with a plurality of holes. The plurality of holes extend from the light entrance side toward the light exit side.

In an alternative embodiment of the method, forming the anti-glare structure comprises forming a plurality of holes in the substrate. The plurality of holes extend from the light entrance side toward the light exit side.

According to one development of the method, the forming of the anti-glare structure comprises a mirroring of the plurality of holes in the substrate.

According to a development of the method, forming the anti-glare structure further comprises filling the plurality of holes with a light-transmissive material.

Embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the figures and are explained in more detail below.

Show it:

1 a schematic cross-sectional view of a lamp according to various embodiments;

2 FIG. 2 a schematic cross-sectional view of a luminaire according to various exemplary embodiments, FIG.

3A a table and

3B a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a Entblendungsstruktur a luminaire according to various embodiments;

4 a schematic plan view of a substrate according to various embodiments;

5A FIG. 4B shows schematic cross-sectional views of a substrate according to various embodiments; FIG. and

6A B show flowcharts of methods of manufacturing a light according to various embodiments.

In the following detailed description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of this specification, and in which is shown by way of illustration specific embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. In this regard, directional terminology such as "top", "bottom", "front", "back", "front", "rear", etc. is used with reference to the orientation of the described figure (s). Because components of embodiments may be positioned in a number of different orientations, the directional terminology is illustrative and is in no way limiting. It should be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and structural or logical changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. It should be understood that the features of the various embodiments described herein may be combined with each other unless specifically stated otherwise. The following detailed description is therefore not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims.

As used herein, the terms "connected, ^""connected," and "coupled" are used to describe both direct and indirect connection, direct or indirect connection, and direct or indirect coupling. In the figures, identical or similar elements are provided with identical reference numerals, as appropriate.

A luminaire can have one, two or more optoelectronic components. Optionally, an optoelectronic assembly can also have one, two or more electronic components. An electronic component may have, for example, an active and / or a passive component. An active electronic component may have, for example, a computing, control and / or regulating unit and / or a transistor. A passive electronic component may, for example, comprise a capacitor, a resistor, a diode or a coil.

An optoelectronic component may be an electromagnetic radiation emitting component or an electromagnetic radiation absorbing component. An electromagnetic radiation absorbing component may be, for example, a solar cell or a photodetector. In various embodiments, a component emitting electromagnetic radiation can be a semiconductor device emitting electromagnetic radiation and / or a diode emitting electromagnetic radiation, a diode emitting organic electromagnetic radiation, a transistor emitting electromagnetic radiation or a transistor emitting organic electromagnetic radiation be. The radiation may, for example, be light in the visible range, UV light and / or infrared light. In this context, the electromagnetic radiation emitting device may be formed, for example, as a light emitting diode (LED) as an organic light emitting diode (OLED), as a light emitting transistor or as an organic light emitting transistor. The light emitting device may be part of an integrated circuit in various embodiments. Furthermore, a plurality of light-emitting components may be provided, for example housed in a common housing.

1 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a lamp 100 according to various embodiments. The lamp 100 is designed for example as a surface light source for general lighting, for example as an office lamp 100 ,

The lamp 100 has a translucent substrate 102 with a glare-free structure 130 on.

The anti-glare structure 130 has a light entrance side 118 and one of the light entrance side 118 opposite light exit side 120 on. The light entrance side 118 refers to the side of the substrate 102 , to the light (in 1 as an arrow 140 illustrated), that in the light 100 is generated on the substrate 102 incident. Accordingly, the light exit side 120 as the side of the substrate 102 to understand that in the light 100 generates light 140 in the luminaire-external environment, such as a room to be illuminated, is emitted or decoupled.

The anti-glare structure 130 is designed such that light 140 with a predetermined, maximum angle of failure, for example, a maximum of about 60 °, with a predetermined maximum intensity from the light entrance side 120 is emissable (in 1 the arrow is illustrated with an angle of 0 °). This can prevent, for example, people in the illuminated space at an angle of incidence that is greater than the predetermined, maximum angle of emergence and compared to a conventional light without glare structure described above, from the emissable light of the lamp 100 be blinded. This is achieved, for example, by the intensity of the light 140 that is coupled out at an angle above the predetermined angle of reflection, is reduced to an intensity less than 1500 nits, for example, by the intensity of the light, which is increased with a failure angle, which is smaller than the predetermined angle. This is done in various embodiments by means of the anti-glare structure 130 allows, for example by means of a channeling of the light from the light entrance side 118 into the light-conducting structures 130 is coupled.

In an exemplary embodiment, the light-conducting structures 132 on the light entry side 118 a first end face on and on the light exit side 120 a second end face, wherein the total area of the end faces of the light exit side 120 is greater than the total area of the end faces of the light entry side 118 , For example, the total area of the end faces of the light exit side 120 at least about 30% larger than the total area of the end faces of the light entrance side 118 , This allows the intensity of the light to be at an angle from the light exit surface 120 out of the lamp 100 is less than 1500 nits. This prevents observers from being viewed through the light at such a viewing angle 140 the light 100 be blinded.

The anti-glare structure 130 has, for example, several light-conducting structures 132 on, extending between the light entry side 118 and the light exit side 120 extend and connect these optically.

The multiple photoconductive structures 132 are in a matrix 112 embedded or arranged therein. The light-conducting structures 132 For example, each have a translucent core structure 114 and one the core structure 114 surrounding, light-reflecting sheath structure 116 on. In 1 is the mantle structure 116 to simplify the representation of the underlying concept with a linear progression between the light entry surface 118 and the light exit surface 120 illustrated. In various embodiments, the sheath structure 116 however, a non-linear course from the light entrance side 118 towards the light exit side 120 on, for example, a concave curve, a convex course, a curved course, a course with one or more kinks and / or steps, as well as a combination of such courses, for example, arranged in sections successively or superimposed.

The substrate 102 points, for example, on the light exit side 120 and / or the light entry side 118 a substantially closed and / or flat surface. For example, the light exit side 120 a substantially planar surface. Alternatively or additionally, the substrate 102 on the light exit side 120 a substantially closed surface. Alternatively or additionally, the substrate 102 on the light entry side 118 a substantially closed surface.

The lamp 100 also has an active area 110 on. The active region is an electrically and / or optically active region. The active area is, for example, the area of the luminaire 100 , in the electric current for the operation of the lamp 100 flows and / or in which electromagnetic radiation is generated or absorbed.

The active area 110 has a translucent, first electrode layer 104 on, on or above the light entry side 118 of the substrate 102 educated. The first electrode layer 104 is for example directly on the light entry side 118 the anti-glare structure 130 or the substrate 102 educated.

The active area 110 further has a for emitting light 140 trained organic functional layer structure 106 on, on or above the translucent, first electrode layer 104 educated. In other words, in the organically functional layered structure 106 becomes the emissable light 140 the light 100 generated.

The active area 110 also has one on or over the organically functional layered structure 106 formed second electrode layer 108 on.

2 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a lamp 100 according to various embodiments. In the 2 Illustrates light 100 can essentially the in 1 illustrated luminaire, wherein in 2 further aspects of the luminaire 100 are illustrated.

The lamp 100 has the substrate described above 102 on. The substrate 102 is at least partially translucent or transparent, for example, at least the light-conducting structures of the anti-glare structure.

The substrate 102 For example, plastic, metal, glass, quartz and / or a semiconductor material can have or be formed therefrom, for example the matrix can comprise or be formed from a metal. Furthermore, the substrate 102 comprise or be formed from a plastic film or a laminate with one or more plastic films. The substrate 102 can be mechanically rigid or mechanically flexible.

On the substrate 102 the active area is formed. The active region has the first electrode layer 104 on that a first contact section 16 , a second contact section 18 and a first electrode 20 having. The first electrode layer 104 can also be a part of the substrate 104 be. Between the substrate 102 and the first electrode layer 104 For example, a first barrier layer (not shown), for example a first barrier thin layer, may be formed.

For example, the matrix indicates 112 of the substrate 102 a metal on or is formed from it. In one embodiment, the substrate is 102 formed as a metal foil or a metal sheet and the light-conducting structures 132 are formed therein as holes. In another embodiment, the matrix 112 a non-metallic glass or is formed therefrom. A non-metallic glass is, for example, an inorganic glass or an organic glass. The multiple photoconductive structures 132 are in the matrix 112 embedded, for example by the light-conducting structures are formed in the matrix. Alternatively, the photoconductive structures 132 as holes in a matrix 112 educated.

In one embodiment, the photoconductive structures 132 as metal coated holes in the substrate 102 educated.

In one embodiment, the photoconductive structures 132 as filled with a translucent material, metal-coated holes in the substrate 102 educated.

In one embodiment, the substrate 102 on the light exit side 120 a plurality of openings, and each having an opening of the plurality of openings, each having a photoconductive structure of the plurality of photoconductive structures 132 connected. In one embodiment, the luminaire 100 furthermore, a translucent planarization layer. The planarization layer is between the light entrance side 118 and the translucent, first electrode layer 104 arranged.

The first electrode 20 is from the first contact section 16 by means of an electrical insulation barrier 21 electrically isolated. The second contact section 18 is with the first electrode 20 electrically coupled. The first electrode 20 may be formed as an anode or as a cathode. The first electrode 20 is translucent or transparent. The first electrode 20 has an electrically conductive material, for example metal and / or a conductive transparent oxide (TCO) or a layer stack of several layers comprising metals or TCOs. The first electrode 20 For example, a layer stack may comprise a combination of a layer of a metal on a layer of a TCO, or vice versa. An example is a silver layer deposited on an indium tin oxide (ITO) layer (Ag on ITO) or ITO-Ag-ITO multilayers. The first electrode 20 may alternatively or in addition to the materials mentioned include: networks of metallic nanowires and particles, for example of Ag, networks of carbon nanotubes, graphene particles and layers and / or networks of semiconducting nanowires.

Above the first electrode 20 is the organic functional layer structure 106 formed, which is adapted to emit light. The organic functional layer structure 106 For example, it may have one, two or more sublayers. For example, the organic functional layer structure 106 a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an emitter layer, an electron transport layer and / or an electron injection layer. The hole injection layer serves to reduce the band gap between the first electrode 20 and hole transport layer. In the hole transport layer, the hole conductivity is larger than the electron conductivity. The hole transport layer serves to transport the holes. In the electron transport layer, the electron conductivity is larger than the hole conductivity. The electron transport layer serves to transport the electrons. The electron injection layer serves to reduce the band gap between the second electrode and the electron transport layer. Furthermore, the organic functional layer structure 106 one, two or more functional layer structure units, each having said sub-layers and / or further intermediate layers.

Over the organic functional layer structure 106 is the second electrode layer 108 also designed as a second electrode 108 can be designated. The second electrode 108 is electrically connected to the first contact section 16 coupled. The second electrode 108 may according to one of the embodiments of the first electrode 20 be formed, wherein the first electrode 20 and the second electrode 108 may be the same or different. The first electrode 20 For example, it serves as the anode or cathode of the active region. The second electrode 108 serves as a cathode or anode of the active region corresponding to the first electrode.

On or above the active area, a getter structure (not shown) may be arranged. The getter layer can be translucent, transparent or opaque. The getter layer may include or be formed of a material that absorbs and binds substances that are detrimental to the active area.

Above the second electrode 108 and partially over the first contact portion 16 and partially over the second contact portion 18 is an encapsulation layer 24 of the active region encapsulating the active region. The encapsulation layer 24 may be formed as a second barrier layer, for example as a second barrier thin layer. The encapsulation layer 24 can also be referred to as thin-layer encapsulation. The encapsulation layer 24 forms a barrier to chemical contaminants or atmospheric substances, in particular to water (moisture) and oxygen. The encapsulation layer 24 may be formed as a single layer, a layer stack or a layer structure. The encapsulation layer 24 may include or be formed from: alumina, zinc oxide, zirconia, titania, hafnia, tantala, lanthania, silica, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, aluminum doped zinc oxide, polyphenylene terephthalamide), nylon 66 , as well as mixtures and alloys thereof. Optionally, the first barrier layer on the substrate 102 corresponding to a configuration of the encapsulation layer 24 be educated.

In the encapsulation layer 24 are above the first contact section 16 a first recess of the encapsulation layer 24 and over the second contact portion 18 a second recess of the encapsulation layer 24 educated. In the first recess of the encapsulation layer 24 is a first contact area 32 exposed and in the second recess of the encapsulation layer 24 is a second contact area 34 exposed. The first contact area 32 serves for electrically contacting the first contact section 16 and the second contact area 34 serves for electrically contacting the second contact section 18 ,

Above the encapsulation layer 24 is an adhesive layer 36 educated. The adhesive layer 36 has, for example, an adhesive, for example an adhesive, for example a laminating adhesive, a lacquer and / or a resin. The Hattmittelschicht 36 For example, it may comprise particles which scatter electromagnetic radiation, for example light-scattering particles.

Over the adhesive layer 36 is a cover body 38 educated. The adhesive layer 36 serves to fasten the cover body 38 at the encapsulation layer 24 , The cover body 38 has, for example, plastic, glass and / or metal. For example, the cover body 38 may be formed essentially of glass and a thin metal layer, such as a metal foil, and / or a graphite layer, such as a graphite laminate, on the glass body. The cover body 38 serves to protect the conventional optoelectronic device 1 , for example, from mechanical forces from the outside. Furthermore, the cover body 38 serve for distributing and / or dissipating heat, which in the conventional optoelectronic device 1 is produced. For example, the glass of the cover body 38 serve as protection against external influences and the metal layer of the cover body 38 can to Distributing and / or removing the during operation of the conventional optoelectronic component 1 serve arising heat.

3A shows a table and 3B a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a Entblendungsstruktur a luminaire according to various embodiments. The lamp 100 may substantially correspond to an embodiment described above.

The photoconductive structure 132 is above an emission area 118 formed of the active area.

The light exit surface 120 of the substrate can be planar and planar. Alternatively, the light exit surface 120 arched formed, for example in the form of an optical lens.

By a plurality of arranged in the Entblendungsstruktur light-conducting structures 132 result in this way, several light exit surfaces, which in total the effective emission area of the lamp 100 determine.

The interface of the light-conducting structures 132 to the matrix, ie, the above-described cladding structure, is reflective of the light conducted in the photoconductive structure which is emissive of the active region. For example, the cladding structure is the interface between the material of the core structure and the matrix. Alternatively, the cladding structure is a mirror structure, for example a metallic coating or a Bragg mirror. A metallic coating may have a high reflectivity for the emissive light of the active region, for example, a reflectivity greater than about 90%, for example, greater than about 95%, for example, greater than about 97%. For example, the metallic coating comprises silver or aluminum.

Seen in plan view projects beyond a photoconductive structure 132 the respective emission area 118 of the active area on the light exit surface 120 (in one direction by the amount of the dimension of the overlap width 320 - the length of 118 ).

In various exemplary embodiments, the light-conducting structures have a non-linear course from the light-emitting surface or emission surface 118 to the light exit surface 120 For example, the light-conducting structures have a kink or a curvature in the course through the substrate and are, for example, concave and / or convex shaped.

For concave-shaped, light-conducting structures 132 the diameter of the light-conducting structures increases continuously in the direction of the light exit surface emission area 118 , Alternatively, the light-conducting structures 132 , Seen in cross section, two straight line sections, which are separated by a kink.

In 3A is a table for different angles of incidence theta and θ of the light conducted in the photoconductive structures light on the interface between the substrate and air, ie the angle of incidence of the light on the emission surface 118 or light exit surface 118 , As described above with (3), an angle of incidence in a range of 0 ° to a maximum of 34.73 ° is required for a light-conducting structure having a refractive index of 1.52 in order for the light to have a maximum angle of 60 ° and thus the luminaire 100 for office applications. Through the light-conducting structures 132 the Entblendungsstruktur is achieved that for emission angle above a glare angle α the lamp 100 is glare-free.

Furthermore, different overlap widths 320 and heights 310 of the photoconductive structures in the table in 3A shown also in 3B are illustrated in the cross-sectional view.

In order to achieve high efficiency and low component height, the size of the radiating surface depends 120 and the height 310 the light-conducting structures 132 the size and shape of the corresponding emission surface 118 from.

The maximum height 310 the light-conducting structures 132 results from the overlap width D: C = D · tan (90 ° - θ) (4)

The glare angle α is for example given by the intended use of the lamp 100 , for example 60 ° in office lighting.

In various embodiments, the height corresponds 310 the light-conducting structures approximately the thickness of the substrate.

From the table of 3A It can be seen that for different heights of the light-conducting structures, ie, for example, for different thicknesses of substrates, predetermined overlap widths 320 can result.

There is essentially no light from the luminaire 100 with angles greater than the glare angle α, which is relative to a Lot of the emission surface of the lamp 100 measured out. This is achieved, on the one hand, by the cells each having a maximum height 310 and have a non-linear, for example concave, edge. The maximum height 310 may be the same or vary for all photoconductive structures.

In other words, the reflective mantle structure of the light-conducting structures causes the optically active surface of the luminaire, that is, the entire optically active surface of the light exit side 120 to the entire optically active surface of the light entrance side 118 is increased, for example, by 30% to 35%, as shown in (1) or (2). To glare is thus only the determination of the height 310 the light-conducting structures required. The height 310 can be calculated by (4) if the light angle θ is known. The overlap width 320 For example, it can be adjusted to the height 310 the optical structures give typical thicknesses of glass substrates, ie the height 310 can by means of the overlap width 320 be set.

4 shows a schematic plan view of a substrate according to various embodiments. Illustrated is the anti-glare structure with light-conducting structures 132 in a matrix 112 , The anti-glare structure has, in various embodiments, light-conducting structures 132 with a circular cross-section, which are arranged in a grid shape. The lamp to the in 4 The illustrated substrate may essentially correspond to an embodiment described above.

The light-conducting structures can also be referred to as pixels.

The respective light-conducting structures 132 may have the same radius or diameter and may be regularly arranged to each other.

Between the individual light-conducting structures 132 is the matrix 112 formed or arranged and connects the photoconductive structures 132 together. The the matrix 112 is clearly an optically inactive blank area over which no light of the underlying active area can be emitted.

The light-conducting structures 132 may be arranged to each other such that a current distribution structure of the active region is substantially covered, for example, in an arrangement according to a closest packing. In this way it is possible, for example, to cover 33% of the surface of the luminaire with the current distribution structure and by the anti-glare structure. Thus, for example, luminaires with a size of 50 × 50 cm ^{2 can be} manufactured and de-fused with the anti-glare structure.

Alternatively, the photoconductive structures 132 have a square cross-section. Alternatively, the photoconductive structures 132 be arranged in a hexagonal or polygonal arrangement. In a hexagonal arrangement, the light-conducting structures 132 or pixels are arranged with a smaller variation than for example in a square or circular arrangement. For example, the power distribution structure may also be hexagonal, such that a hexagonal array covers the power distribution structure without forming larger optically inactive void areas.

Furthermore, the light-conducting structures 132 have more basic patterns or polygons. For example, the light-conducting structures 132 have a triangular, square, oval or pentagonal cross section in plan view. Furthermore, the cross-sectional shape of the photoconductive structures 132 Be different across the grid and also describes different geometric figures. In this way, there is a greater freedom in the design of the lamp. Furthermore, the luminaire can have a curved light exit surface and the light-conducting structures can be adapted to one another in terms of their cross-sectional shape and / or their arrangement to this curvature, for example in order to visually reinforce them or compensate. Furthermore, with differently designed and / or arranged, light-conducting structures information can be displayed, for example, a pictogram, ideogram, symbol, lettering, image or the like.

5A , B show a schematic cross-sectional views of a substrate according to various embodiments. In 5 Exemplary beam paths are shown for different angles to the horizontal, the de-glare function of the light-conducting structures 132 illustrate (502: 22 °, 504: 37 °, 506: 30 °, 508: 41 °, 510: 34 °).

In 5A a light-emitting structure is shown with a linear course from the light entry surface to the light exit surface. In contrast, the light-emitting structure in FIG 5B at the same height a kink in the course of the light exit surface to the light exit surface and thus a non-linear course. The radiating surface 118 as well as the height 310 are set as described above. The lamp to which the in 5A , B illustrated light-conducting structure may substantially correspond to an embodiment described above.

It is based on the beam path 506 (30 ° to the horizontal or 60 ° to the solder) to recognize that the reflective edge of the photoconductive structure 132 seen in cross-section is formed by a single straight line section. This results for the radiation, starting from a point at a corner of the emission surface 118 , an emission limit angle of 30 °. However, by specular reflection at the reflective edge of the photoconductive structure can also rays 502 be emitted at a much smaller angle, for example, of 22 °, as in 5B is illustrated. This can be reduced by the kink in the reflective edge of the light-conducting structure.

The non-linear course of the light-emitting structures thus causes an increase in the intensity of the light which is emitted at an angle below the predetermined maximum angle, for example 60 °.

The light-conducting structures can each have fundamentally different courses from the light exit surface to the light exit surface. However, the number of possible gradients is determined by the height 310 and the overlap width 320 the light-conducting structures limited.

6A , B show flowcharts of a method 600 for producing a lamp according to various embodiments. The luminaire may essentially correspond to an embodiment described above.

The method has a forming 602 a translucent substrate having a de-glare structure. The anti-dazzle structure has a light entrance side and a light exit side opposite to the light entrance side.

The procedure 600 also has a forming 604 a translucent, first electrode layer on or above the light entry side of the substrate.

Furthermore, the method 600 a make up 606 an organic functional layer structure for emitting light, on or above the translucent, first electrode layer.

Furthermore, the method 600 a make up 608 a second electrode layer on or over the organic functional layer structure.

In various embodiments of the method 600 For example, forming the anti-glare structure involves forming 614 of the substrate with several holes 622 on. The several holes 622 extend from the light entrance side toward the light exit side. This is first a substrate 102 as a matrix 112 or provided from a matrix material 612 , In a further process step 614 be holes 622 formed in the matrix, for example by means of a laser ablation, a CNC milling machine or a particle-jet method, for example a water jet cutting.

In an alternative embodiment of the method 600 For example, forming the anti-glare structure involves forming 614 from several holes 622 in the substrate. The several holes 622 also extend from the light entrance side to the light exit side. In other words: the substrate 102 respectively. the matrix 112 is already formed holes-containing, for example by means of injection molding, 3D printing.

The holes 622 are, as described above, formed with a non-linear course between the light entrance side and the light entrance side.

The holes 622 in the matrix 112 of the substrate 102 may already be a photoconductive structure or a defibrillation structure, for example, for the case that on the light entrance side, a translucent planarization is applied and thus the openings of the holes 622 closes and / or forms a substantially planar surface, so that over the openings of the holes, the active region of the lamp can be formed. The translucent structure may be, for example, a foil, disc or plate made of a non-metallic, organic or inorganic glass. The light which can be emitted by the luminaire can be reflected on the wall, that is to say on the sheath structure of the photoconductive structure, as described above.

In one embodiment of the method 600 For example, forming the anti-glare structure involves forming 616 a mirror structure 624 on the surface of the matrix 112 in the holes, ie the walls of the holes are mirrored. As a result, for example, the sheath structure of the light-conducting structures is formed.

In one embodiment, the light reflective sheath structure is 116 formed reflective for at least a wavelength range of the emissable light of the lamp. Additionally or alternatively, the light-reflecting sheath structure 116 formed diffusely reflective for at least one wavelength range of the emissable light of the lamp.

The mirror structure 624 For example, has a metal layer, for example, the walls of the holes are mirrored. Alternatively or additionally, the mirror structure 624 For example, a Bragg mirror, for example, at least two dielectric layers are formed with different refractive indices on the walls.

In one embodiment of the method 600 the forming of the anti-glare structure further comprises filling 618 the several holes 622 with a translucent material 626 on. The translucent material 626 is translucent, ie optically conductive, for at least a portion of the light emitted by the lamp light. The translucent material 626 is a non-metallic, organic or organic glass, for example a polymer or a metal oxide ceramic.

The invention is not limited to the specified embodiments. For example, the luminaire may have a plurality of active regions arranged on or above a common substrate. The plurality of active regions may be arranged in a common encapsulation structure. The multiple active areas may be the same or different, for example emit light of different color valence.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

100

lamp

102

substratum

104

first electrode layer

106

organic functional layer structure

108

second electrode layer

110

active area

112

matrix

114

Core structure

116

Shell structure

118

Light entering side

120

Light-emitting surface

130

Entblendungsstruktur

132

photoconductive structure

140

light

16

first contact section

18

second contact section

20

first electrode

21

electrical insulation barrier

24

encapsulation

32

first contact area

34

second contact area

36

Adhesive layer

38

covering

300

table

310

height

320

Overlap width

502, 504, 506, 508, 510

beam paths

600

method

602, 604, 606, 608, 612, 614, 616, 618

steps

622

hole

624

Mirror structure / shell structure

626

photoconductive material / core structure

Claims (15)

Luminaire comprising: a translucent substrate having a deblading structure, the deblast structure having a light entrance side and a light exit side opposite the light entrance side; a translucent first electrode layer formed on or above the light entrance side of the substrate; an organic functional layer structure formed to emit light formed on or above the translucent first electrode layer; and a second electrode layer formed on or above the organic functional layer structure. Luminaire according to claim 1, wherein the Entblendungsstruktur comprises a plurality of photoconductive structures extending between the light entrance side and the light exit side and these optically connect with each other. Luminaire according to claim 1, wherein the light-conducting structures each have a light-transmissive core structure and a surrounding the core structure, light-reflecting sheath structure. Luminaire according to one of claims 2 or 3, wherein the sheath structure from the light inlet side to the light exit side has a non-linear course. Luminaire according to one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the light-conducting structures on the light entrance side have a first end face and on the light exit side have a second end face, wherein the total area of the end faces of the light exit side is greater than the total area of the end faces of the light entry side. Luminaire according to claim 5, wherein the total area of the end faces of the light exit side is at least about 30% greater than the total area of the end faces of the light entry side. Luminaire according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the substrate has a substantially closed and / or planar surface on the light exit side and / or the light entry side. Luminaire according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the first electrode layer is formed directly on the light entrance side of the anti-glare structure. Luminaire according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the Entblendungsstruktur is formed such that light is emitted with a maximum angle of reflection of about 60 ° from the light exit side. Luminaire according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the lamp is designed as a surface light source for general lighting, in particular as an office lamp. A method of manufacturing a luminaire, the method comprising: - Forming a translucent substrate having a Entblendungsstruktur, the Entblendungsstruktur having a light entrance side and a light entrance side opposite light exit side; - Forming a translucent, first electrode layer on or above the light entrance side of the substrate; Forming an organic functional layer structure for emitting light, on or above the translucent, first electrode layer; and forming a second electrode layer on or over the organic functional layer structure. The method of claim 11, wherein forming the anti-glare structure comprises forming the substrate with a plurality of holes, the plurality of holes extending from the light entrance side toward the light exit side. The method of claim 11, wherein forming the anti-glare structure comprises forming a plurality of holes in the substrate, the plurality of holes extending from the light entrance side to the light exit side. The method of claim 11, wherein forming the anti-glare structure comprises mirroring the plurality of holes in the substrate. The method of claim 11, wherein forming the anti-glare structure further comprises filling the plurality of holes with a light transmissive material.

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