DE102016004722A1 - Force introduction element for a component formed from a fiber-reinforced plastic, and method for introducing such a force introduction element - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a force introduction element (10) for connecting at least one first component (12) to a second component (14) formed from a fiber reinforced plastic, with a hollow body (16) hollow at least in a longitudinal region (18) Plastic threaded external thread (22) having a sharp flank angle and an outer side tip (S) of the sleeve body (16) forming the end (26) which interconnected by respective first portions (28) and in respective second portions (30) from each other separated end portions (32) is formed, which by moving a connecting element (56) in the sleeve body (16) are movable away from each other to thereby under engaging behind respective wall portions of the second component (14) form an undercut.

Description

The invention relates to a force introduction element for a component formed from a fiber-reinforced plastic, in particular of a vehicle, and to a method for introducing such a force introduction element into a component formed from a fiber-reinforced plastic.

The integration of components formed from a respective fiber-reinforced plastic, such as a continuous fiber-reinforced thermoplastic automotive engineering allows to meet increasing demands on the reduction of CO ₂ emissions through optimized vehicle weights, recycling strategies and increased functional integration capacity for the increasing number of safety and assistance systems. Despite the high structural degree of freedom of fiber composites, in particular of thermoplastic fiber composites, an application of structural elements or structural parts is essential, so that resulting functions can be implemented in their complexity simultaneously by a component or component. In order to ensure mass production, a precise, highly frequented and secure connection of functional elements to a structural component formed from a fiber-reinforced plastic is required.

In this case, for example, force introduction elements are used, which are connected to components formed from a respective fiber-reinforced plastic in order to connect to these components via the force introduction elements further components such as functional elements. The force introduction elements are used, for example, to initiate outgoing loads or forces from the other components via the force introduction elements into the first components formed from the respective fiber-reinforced plastic. In the course of functional integration, it may be necessary to resort to curved surface geometries or to use hard-to-access components with one-sided accessibility. Under such a one-sided accessibility is to be understood that these components from only one side, but not accessible from an opposite further side to connect these components, for example, with other functional elements or to provide with force introduction elements. Despite the material-side advantage of being weldable with low energy consumption, require in automotive specifications for assembly, maintenance and repair concepts of the respective components and / or modules a multiple assembly. Such a multiple assembly is made possible by the aforementioned force introduction elements, via which the further, for example, formed as a functional parts components can be reversibly releasably connected to the formed of a respective fiber reinforced plastic first components. As a result, the further components can be connected via the force introduction elements to the first components and released again from the first components, without damaging or destroying the respective components.

It reveals the DE 10 2012 010 715 A1 a blind rivet element for connecting at least two components, with a setting head having a hollow rivet, which is penetrated by a rivet mandrel. Further, a mandrel head connected integrally to the rivet mandrel at a first axial end is provided which forms a closing head when drawn into the rivet. Furthermore, it is provided that a hole-forming nail tip or a flow-hole-forming tip is arranged on the mandrel head.

The DE 19 732 099 A1 discloses a self-clinching drill rivet. Furthermore, from the DE 10 2012 025 108 A1 a joint connection between two components known, with a two-ply rivet sleeve of an internal, high-strength and metallic material and a much thicker outer plastic sheath are used. The plastic sheath serves as an electrical insulator. The size of the joining element requires a high material expansion in the base material to be joined in order to introduce the rivet. In this case, a two-sided accessibility is required to keep the positioning accuracy and forming within a defined tolerance range. There is only a limited security against rotation.

The DE 10 2013 103 719 A1 discloses a support structure of a motor vehicle, with a bending beam, which is positively fastened via a joining element to a joining partner, wherein the bending beam consists of a first material and adjacent to the joining element in substantially opposite direction to the force acting on the bending beam in the event of an impact tensile force an opening region in which a second material with a higher ductility than the first material is arranged such that upon application of the tensile force on the bending beam in the event of an impact, the second material is compressible by the joining element for receiving deformation energy. The joining element is inserted through a through hole. As a result, the textile structure is damaged locally and there is no fiber-composite force introduction. Only radial-form-fitting connections lead with deviating coefficients of expansion of the joining partners over the period of application or lifetime to decreasing strengths within the force application.

From the DE 10 2014 203 726 A1 is a flow-hole-forming screw for a composite by means of the screw component composite known. In an existing Mehrfachmontageanspruch performs a direct screw in fiber composite to reduce the strength within the joint, with a twisting security is also not guaranteed.

The DE 10 2013 216 039 A1 discloses a Halbhohlstanzniet for the precursor-free joining of a FRP component with a metal component. The half-height punch rivet has a high rivet shank, a rivet base formed on the rivet shank and serving as a punching edge, and a rivet head formed on the rivet shank and protruding in the radial direction. The implementation process requires cutting out a stamped part from the fiber composite part. Consequently, the textile internal power flow is disturbed. The joint requires accessibility on both sides and is unsuitable for profiles.

The DE 10 2011 113 436 A1 discloses a mandrel rivet formed as a rivet member for mounting fiber composite components. The rivet element is partially expandable by a die. Anti-rotation locks are integrated below the head rest. Again, a two-sided accessibility is required. The rivet element is unsuitable for hollow profiles and curved surfaces.

Of the DE 10 2011 001 522 A1 is a rivet with a mandrel shaft as known to remove. In this case, a joining of overlapping components takes place without pre-punching, wherein an expansion of the shaft takes place when unscrewing. A security against rotation is not realized here. Furthermore, a deformation of the metal components is required, which are permanently connected.

Finally, the reveals DE 10 2012 215 905 A1 a method and apparatus for non-lead direct screwing. In this case, a hole- and thread-forming screw is implemented, wherein upon rotation of the first component, a direction of rotation is used for flow-hole forming and the direction of rotation is changed when hitting the second component. Both components are glued together in the area of the screw. Thus, additional gluing must be done. Furthermore, a change of direction is required and a warm-up takes place only by rotation.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a force introduction element and a method by means of which a fiber composite and force flow compatible connection of first components such as functional parts to second components formed from a respective fiber reinforced plastic, in particular for vehicles, can be realized.

This object is achieved by a force introduction element having the features of patent claim 1 and by a method having the features of patent claim 8. Advantageous embodiments with expedient developments of the invention are specified in the remaining claims.

The force introduction element according to the invention is used to connect at least one first component to a second component formed of a fiber-reinforced plastic, in particular for a vehicle such as a motor vehicle. This means that the first component can be connected via the force introduction element to the second component, in particular reversibly detachable. The first component is, for example, a functional part, which is also referred to as a functional element. The second component is, for example, a structural component which is designed as an FRP component (FRP-fiber composite plastic).

The force introduction element according to the invention has a sleeve body which is hollow, at least in a longitudinal region, in particular completely. In this case, the sleeve body has an external thread which can be screwed into the fiber-reinforced plastic of the second component and has a sharp flank angle. The fiber-reinforced plastic is preferably a thermoplastic in which reinforcing fibers are embedded, wherein the fiber-reinforced plastic is, for example, an endless fiber-reinforced thermoplastic. Due to the sharp flank angle, a particularly advantageous screw-in capability of the force introduction element into the fiber-reinforced plastic can be realized.

The sleeve body further has an end forming an outside tip of the sleeve body. The tip is thus suitable for gently penetrating into the fiber-reinforced plastic, without resulting in excessive destruction of reinforcing fibers, which are embedded in the plastic.

The end is formed by end regions of the sleeve body, the end regions being connected to one another via respective first subregions and being separated from one another in respective second subregions, so that the end regions can be moved away from one another by inserting a connecting element formed, for example, as a screw element into the sleeve body thereby under grasping respective wall regions of the second component or of the fiber-reinforced plastic to form an undercut. In other words, the sleeve body is for example at least partially introduced into the fiber-reinforced plastic and thus connected to the fiber-reinforced plastic or with the second component, and then a connecting element such as a screw or a screw in the sleeve body or in the hollow portion of the sleeve body introduced to thereby connect, for example, the first component by means of the connecting element via the force introduction element with the second component, the end portions are - since they are separated from each other in the second partial areas - spread or split and thereby moved away from each other by the end portions, for example elastically and / or plastically deformed relative to a main body of the sleeve body.

By splitting or spreading of the end regions, these are moved away from one another, whereby the end regions form a respective undercut with the fiber-reinforced plastic of the second component, since the end regions engage behind respective wall regions of the fiber-reinforced plastic or of the second component as a result of the splitting or spreading. As a result, the force introduction element and via this the first component are particularly firmly connected to the second component and held on this.

Thus, the force introduction element makes it possible to connect the first component designed as a functional element, for example, at a high speed as well as fiber composite and power flow compatible with the second component designed, for example, as a structural component. In particular, the force introduction element allows a reversibly releasable connection of the components, so that the components, in particular with the aid of the connecting element, connected to each other and then can be solved again from each other, without causing damage or destruction of the components. In particular, the force introduction element allows the representation of a non-positive and / or positive and releasable force introduction interface, via which, for example, from the first component outgoing forces can be introduced into the second component. This introduction of force is particularly suitable for thick-walled or hollow-profile fiber composite structures.

In other words, the force introduction element according to the invention is particularly advantageously usable for components formed from a fiber-reinforced plastic, which are thick-walled and / or have a flat surface and / or a curved surface. In particular, a pre-punch-free mandrel riveting method can be realized by means of the force introduction element according to the invention. In other words, it is possible to introduce the force introduction element according to the invention, in particular via the tip or with the tip ahead, in the fiber-reinforced plastic, in particular drive or screw without a pre-punching must be performed. As a result, the force introduction element according to the invention can be introduced particularly time-consuming and thus cost-effectively into the second component and connected to the second component.

The invention is based in particular on the finding that comparable marginal conditions result based on process-optimized and assembly-compatible solutions from the metal construction and polymer hybrid construction for conversions in fiber composite construction. Therefore, the force introduction element has been designed with a simple basic geometry, in order to enable rapid integration and adaptation in or on existing thermoplastic fiber composite structures.

In order to realize a particularly advantageous connection of the force introduction element and this of the first component to the second component, it is provided in one embodiment of the invention that the external thread is provided with at least one adhesive and / or sealant, thereby for example a seal of Support fluids and a composite bond to realize.

A further embodiment is characterized in that the sleeve body has a shaft adjoining the end, which outer circumference is cylindrical or conical in shape and consequently has a cylindrical or conical basic shape. The cylindrical shape is to be understood as meaning that the shaft has the shape of an at least substantially straight circular cylinder on the outer peripheral side. As a result of this configuration of the shaft, the force introduction element can be introduced particularly advantageously into the fiber-reinforced plastic of the second component, wherein furthermore a particularly advantageous and firm connection of the force introduction element to the second component can be represented.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the shaft is on the outer peripheral side polygonal, in particular four- or six- or octagonal, formed. This can be a particularly effective anti-rotation can be realized so that unwanted relative rotation between the force application element and the second component can be safely avoided even when high torques act on the force application element. By virtue of the design of the shaft, it is also possible to transmit particularly high torques between the force introduction element and the second component, without there being any undesirable relative rotation between the second component and the force introduction element.

In a further particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the sleeve body has a head, which adjoins this on an opposite side of the end of the shaft, so that the head is arranged, for example, at one end opposite the other end of the sleeve body. The head has, for example, a larger outer diameter or outer circumference than the shaft, so that the sleeve body in its longitudinal extension direction over the head can be supported particularly well on the second component.

It has been found to be particularly advantageous if the head on the outer peripheral side polygonal, in particular four- or six- or octagonal, is formed. In this way, for example, a particularly high torque between the force introduction element and the second component and / or between the force introduction element and a tool, by means of which the force introduction element is screwed into the fiber-reinforced plastic, to be transmitted. In other words, the outer peripheral side polygonal head, which for example has a polygonal cross-section, can be used in particular to transmit a particularly high torque during assembly of the force introduction element or during repair and in particular to be able to introduce into the force introduction element.

As further particularly advantageous, it has been shown, when the head on a side facing the external thread, in particular on a side facing the external thread underside, has a completely circumferential catch groove. The catching groove serves, in particular, to increase the transmittable torque, to reinforce the contact surface with the surface of the second component and to seal.

The invention also includes a method for at least partially introducing the force introduction element according to the invention into the second component. Advantages and advantageous embodiments of the force introduction element according to the invention are to be regarded as advantages and advantageous embodiments of the method according to the invention and vice versa. The at least partial introduction of the force introduction element into the second component is to be understood in particular as meaning that at least one subregion of the force introduction element, in particular of the sleeve body, is arranged in the fiber reinforced plastic of the second component. For this purpose, the force introduction element or sleeve body is driven, for example, into the fiber-reinforced plastic.

In this case, for example, in the context of the method, in particular in the longitudinal direction of the sleeve body acting on this, feed force and torque exerted on the force introduction element to introduce the force introduction element in the fiber reinforced plastic, in particular drive, and screwed over the external thread in the fiber reinforced plastic. By means of the feed force, for example, the sleeve body is introduced into the component during insertion into the second component along the longitudinal extension direction of the sleeve body, wherein, for example, the sleeve body is first driven into the fiber-reinforced plastic via the tip. By applying the torque to the sleeve body, the sleeve body is rotated relative to the second component, whereby the sleeve body can be screwed over the external thread in the fiber-reinforced plastic. The torque is thus a rolling moment for mounting the force introduction element in the fiber-reinforced plastic of the second component. The feed force and the torque are preferably applied simultaneously to the force introduction element in order to mount the force introduction element on or in the second component.

The force introduction element, in particular the feed force and the torque, can or can in particular also be used to add a plurality of components or components.

In order to realize a particularly advantageous and firm connection of the force introduction element with the second component, in particular with the fiber-reinforced plastic, it is provided in an advantageous embodiment of the invention that the force introduction element by means of a heater, in particular by means of an electric heater, is heated. As a result, for example, a non-positive and / or cohesive connection of the force introduction element, in particular of the sleeve body, be effected with the fiber-reinforced plastic. Alternatively or additionally, it is possible by the heating of the force introduction element, in particular of the sleeve body, the force introduction element to a particularly simple and thus time and cost Way to connect with the second component, since the force introduction element can be particularly advantageously introduced into the fiber-reinforced plastic.

Finally, it has proven to be particularly advantageous if the force introduction element is heated to a temperature which is greater than or equal to the melting temperature of the fiber-reinforced plastic. In particular, the force introduction element is introduced into the fiber-reinforced plastic at this temperature, so that, for example, during the introduction of the force introduction element into the fiber-reinforced plastic, the fiber-reinforced plastic is melted or fused at least partially by means of the force introduction element, whereby the force introduction element is introduced into the fiber-reinforced plastic in a particularly simple and advantageous manner can.

In particular, heating of the force introduction element acting as a force introduction element is provided by means of an electrical resistance heater. In other words, the heating device is preferably designed as an electrical resistance heater. The heating of the force introduction element takes place, for example, directly before assembly, so that the force introduction element is not heated by means of the heater, for example, during the actual introduction into the fiber-reinforced plastic.

In particular, a heating of the force introduction element by means of at least one connected via at least one slip ring with the force introduction element or coupled resistance heating, where it is conceivable that the force introduction element during assembly, that is, while the force introduction element is introduced into the fiber-reinforced plastic or in the second component is heated by means of the heating device.

Furthermore, it is conceivable for the force introduction element to be heated by means of at least one inductive heating device, so that heating of the force introduction element by means of inductive heating, in particular directly before assembly, is conceivable. Furthermore, it is possible to carry out a heating of the force introduction element by means of inductive heating during assembly, that is to say while the force introduction element is introduced into the fiber-reinforced plastic or into the second component. As a result of a fast reaction time of induction heating, a variothermic temperature control can be made possible.

Furthermore, it is preferably provided that in the context of the method, a shaping of undercut support segments by introducing a connecting element in the sleeve body, in particular in the hollow portion, is performed. The undercut support segments are formed for example by the end regions described above, which are spread or split by the introduction of the connecting element in the sleeve body and thereby moved away from each other. As a result of this movement away, the end regions engage behind respective wall regions of the fiber-reinforced plastic or of the second component, so that the end regions form the aforementioned undercut support segments.

As the connecting element, for example, a screw, in particular a screw is used. For example, the screw is screwed into the sleeve body or in the hollow portion. For this purpose, the sleeve body, for example, on the inner peripheral side on an internal thread. The internal thread is arranged in particular in the hollow portion. The screw has, for example, a further external thread corresponding to the internal thread, via which the screw can be screwed into the sleeve body and thereby screwed to the corresponding internal thread. By screwing the screw into the sleeve body, the end portions are moved away from each other in the manner described, whereby they form respective undercuts with the second component.

In a further advantageous embodiment, a depression in the form of a hexalobular ring is arranged at the head of the connecting element, which is provided according to the invention for the mechanical coupling of a screwing tool. As a result, advantageously, the burring torque for screwing is transmitted as well as allows centering of the connecting element during the joining operation.

Further advantages, features and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments and from the drawing. The features and feature combinations mentioned above in the description as well as the features and feature combinations mentioned below in the description of the figures and / or in the figures alone can be used not only in the respectively specified combination but also in other combinations or in isolation, without the scope of To leave invention.

The drawing shows in:

1 a schematic side view of a force introduction element according to a first embodiment for connecting at least one first component to a formed of a fiber-reinforced plastic second component;

2 Partly a schematic sectional view of the force introduction element according to 1 in a region B;

3 a schematic sectional view of the force introduction element;

4a C is a schematic sectional view of a further embodiment of the force introduction element along a in 3 shown section line AA;

5 a further schematic sectional view of the force introduction element;

6a C is a schematic sectional view of a further embodiment of the force introduction element along a in 5 shown section line BB;

7 a sectional view of a schematic sectional view of the force introduction element according to a further embodiment;

8th a schematic side view and a detail of a schematic sectional view of another embodiment of the force introduction element;

9 a schematic representation of a method for introducing the force introduction element in the second component; and

10a Each a schematic sectional view of a heater, by means of which the force introduction element is heated.

In the figures, the same or functionally identical elements are provided with the same reference numerals.

1 shows a schematic perspective view of a first embodiment of a force introduction element 10 for connecting at least one of 9 partially recognizable and designed, for example, as a functional element first component 12 to a second component formed of a fiber-reinforced plastic 14 , The fiber-reinforced plastic is for example a continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic, so that the component 14 a plastic as a matrix and reinforcing fibers embedded in the matrix. For example, the matrix is formed from a thermoplastic.

The force introduction element 10 shows - how well in cooperation with 3 and 5 can be seen - an example integrally formed sleeve body 16 on, which at least in a length range 18 ( 3 respectively 5 ) is hollow. The sleeve body 16 can be designed with or without internal thread. At the in 1 . 3 and 5 the first embodiment shown is the sleeve body 16 female thread free. This means that in the length range 18 no internal thread is provided. Alternatively, it is conceivable that the sleeve body 16 inside circumference, especially in the length range 18 , has an internal thread. Alternatively, at least in the upper portion of the length range 18 a hexalobular for coupling the screwing provided.

The sleeve body 16 has at its outer peripheral side surface 20 an external thread 22 with a sharp flank angle. The external thread 22 can thus in single, out 9 recognizable fiber layers 24 of the second component 14 or the fiber-reinforced plastic penetrate and ensures a tight fit of the force introduction element 10 on or in the second component 14 , Due to the sharp flank angle is a fiber damage during insertion, in particular screwing, the force introduction element 10 in the fiber-reinforced plastic or in the second component 14 minimized. In addition, forces which, for example, about the device 12 on the force introduction element 10 and from this to the second component 14 act over a large area over several fiber layers in the device 14 initiated. In addition, the external thread 22 a sudden escape of support fluids or injection molding material from the other side of the device 14 prevent. The external thread 22 can be additionally wetted with an adhesive and / or polyurethane, if additional liability is required.

The sleeve body 16 also shows - how very good 1 . 3 and 5 can be seen - an outside tip S of the sleeve body 16 forming end 26 on which by - how very good 8th is recognizable - over respective first sub-areas 28 interconnected and in respective second subareas 30 separated and presently spaced end portions 32 of the sleeve body 16 is formed. For example, the end regions 32 about the subareas 28 interconnected, with the end portions 32 are integrally formed with each other. About the subareas 30 however, the end areas are 32 spaced apart, so that the subregions 30 respective slots between the end regions 32 form.

The end areas 32 are by introducing a trained example as a screw connecting element in the sleeve body 16 in particular by passing the connecting element through the sleeve body 16 , movable away from each other to thereby engage behind respective wall regions of the second component 14 to form a respective undercut.

Out 1 it can be seen that the sleeve body 16 or the force introduction element 10 total one by a double arrow 34 illustrated longitudinal direction along which a height or length of the force introduction element 10 , in particular of the sleeve body 16 , runs. This height or length of the sleeve body formed as a sleeve, for example 16 can assume at least almost any desired values, in particular greater than zero, and determines, depending on the target component, the number of walls that are accessible from the sleeve body 16 permeated, in particular, pervaded. About the height of the sleeve body 16 it is possible to create a slightly tapered shape over a defined angle. Out 1 it can be seen that the external thread 22 to the end 26 connects, so the end 26 is formed thread-free. This means that the end 26 or the end areas 32 the external thread 22 do not have or have. In this case, the sleeve body 16 one to the end 26 adjoining shaft 36 on which the external thread 22 having. The shaft 36 is cylindrical or conical outside circumference.

4a C show different embodiments of the force introduction element 10 , in particular of the sleeve body 16 , These different, in 4a C embodiments differ in particular in the outer peripheral side shape of the shaft 36 from each other. According to 4a is the shaft 36 Outer circumference formed round, wherein the shaft 36 can be cylindrical or conical or cone-shaped.

According to 4b is the shaft 36 on the outer peripheral side polygonal and in this case hexagonal. According to 4c has the shaft 36 Outside circumference of a different shape of a circular shape, wherein the shaft 36 has four rounded corners. The outer peripheral side surface 20 is thus formed by a sleeve outer wall, which may be round, in particular circular, or square or polygonal. To optimize a positive connection between the sleeve body 16 and the device 14 For example, the sleeve outer wall is further developed or optimized with planar surfaces to form a four-, six-, or octagonal outer cross section. Thus, the sleeve outer wall or the outer peripheral side lateral surface is 20 according to 4b as external hexagon and according to 4c designed as an external square. About this embodiment of the sleeve outer wall and thus the outer geometry of the sleeve body 16 , in particular of the shaft 36 , Can an additional positive connection between the force introduction element 10 and the device 14 be realized to thereby generate particularly high torques or torsional moments and between the force application element 10 and the device 14 to transfer, without causing an undesirable relative rotation between the force application element 10 and the device 14 comes.

Furthermore, the sleeve body 16 a head 38 on which is on the end 26 opposite side of the shaft 36 to the shaft 36 followed. Show 6a C different embodiments, which in particular with regard to the outer peripheral side design or geometry of the head 38 differ from each other. According to 6a is the head 38 outside circumference at least substantially round, in particular circular, formed. In other words, the head points 38 an outer peripheral side surface 40 on, which is at least substantially circular. According to 6b is the head 38 outside circumference polygonal and hexagonal. According to 6c is the head 38 formed on the outside circumference quadrangular and has four rounded corners. Thus, alternatively or additionally, the head 38 Outside peripheral side as a polygon, in particular as a four- or hexagon, be formed, thereby for example, particularly high torques between the head 38 and the device 14 or between the head 38 and a tool, by means of which the force introduction element 10 for example, in the device 14 is screwed in, to be able to transfer.

Out 2 is recognizable that the head 38 on one external thread 22 facing side 42 in the circumferential direction of the sleeve body 16 completely circumferential fishing groove 44 can have. In other words, the head can 38 of the force introduction element 10 in a version with the circumferential catch groove 44 be provided. This fishing groove 44 serves on the one hand to support the force introduction element 10 on one side 47 ( 9 ) of the device 14 , wherein the force introduction element 10 of the page 47 forth in the component 14 is introduced. Thus, the page becomes 47 also referred to as component insertion side or insertion side. When introducing the force introduction element 10 in the device 14 arises, for example, on the page 47 a bead of displaced material with elevated Fiber volume content. This bead can, for example, in the Fangnut 44 be absorbed, so that the force introduction element 10 despite the emergence of this bead advantageous on the side 47 can be supported. On the other hand, by using the catch groove 44 a particularly large contact area between the force introduction element 10 and the device 14 , in particular on its surface, can be realized, wherein a particularly large friction radius can be created, so that even high torsional loads can be absorbed. The optional design of the head 38 with a four-, six- or octagonal cross-section, in particular external cross-section, allows a torsional load in the assembly process or counteracting in the repair process. The fishing groove 44 also serves as protection against any escaping fluids.

7 illustrates a possible sealing effect of the external thread 22 , Here is the external thread 22 for example with a sealant 46 Mistake. Alternatively or additionally, it is conceivable that the external thread 22 with at least one glue 48 provided, in particular wetted, is.

The tip S of the force introduction element 10 serves the gentle design of the reinforcing fibers in an implementation process, in whose framework the force introduction element 10 at least partially in the device 14 is introduced. A gradual transition to the threaded neck on the shaft portion designed as a sleeve portion 36 allows an insertion of the external thread 22 in the viscous composite material of the device 14 , The top S or the end 26 is axially in several divisible segments in the form of the end regions 32 designed.

Out 8th it can be seen that the tip S or the end 26 on its or its inner contour 50 with at least one flow joint 52 is provided, which is arranged in a region C. Using the flow joint 52 is a gentle unfolding or reshaping of the formed as individual leaves end portions 32 allows. The flow joint 52 allows the sleeve body 16 during insertion of the connecting element in the sleeve body 16 is elastically and / or plastically deformed so that the end portions 32 relative to the shaft 36 moved while being moved apart or away from each other, so that the end portions 32 be split or spread. The flow joint 52 is created for example by a wall thickness reduction, so that the sleeve body 16 in the area of the flow joint 52 a smaller wall thickness than in itself to the flow joint 52 Has on both sides adjoining wall areas. The flow joint 52 thus allows a targeted movement of the end areas 32 away from each other and relative to the shaft 36 ,

In order to ensure a defined deflection without hold-down on the opposite side, has the inner contour 50 a lead 54 on, which is arranged in a region D and, for example, in the longitudinal direction of the sleeve body 16 or of the force introduction element 10 in the direction of the shaft 36 extends and thereby along the longitudinal direction in the direction of the shaft 36 Wall areas, which adhere to the projection 54 connect, towering over. The lead 54 is referred to as a contact knee, with which the connecting element comes into support system when the connecting element, in particular in the longitudinal direction of the sleeve body 16 , in this inserted, in particular plugged or screwed, is. This means that the connecting element - when in the sleeve body 16 is inserted - initially in support system with the projection 54 comes. If the connecting element continues into the sleeve body 16 plugged and inserted in particular through the sleeve body, so exercises the connecting element, in particular in the radial direction of the sleeve body 16 , a force on the respective end areas 32 out, making the end areas 32 be moved away from each other. In this case, the radial direction of the sleeve body runs 16 at least substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction.

The contact knee thus acts as a defined force introduction point on the inside or in the interior of the sleeve body 16 , especially the end 26 , About the connecting element are represented by a contact partner performing contact knee forces, in particular radial forces, defined in the example designed as a wing end portions 32 initiated. The geometry of the contact knee allows a specification of the deflection angle, around which the end regions 32 deflected, that is, moved away from each other when the connecting element in the sleeve body 16 plugged or inserted through this. This serves the flow joint 52 the realization of a defined deflection or reshaping of individual flanks, that is the end regions 32 the present at least substantially conical tip S.

In 9 a method can be seen in which the force introduction element 10 in the device 14 is introduced. As part of the process, both a feed force F and a torque T as a rolling moment on the force application element 10 exercised. The feed force F acts in the longitudinal direction of the sleeve body 16 and at least substantially perpendicular to the page 47 , wherein the torque T about the longitudinal direction of the sleeve body 16 acts. By means of the torque T is the force introduction element 10 , in particular the sleeve body 16 , relative to the device 14 rotated to thereby the sleeve body 16 over the external thread 22 in the device 14 screw in and thereby be able to bring in, without the component 14 to have to poke. In particular after introduction of the force introduction element 10 in the device 14 will that be in 9 With 56 designated connecting element in the sleeve body 16 set and in particular inserted therethrough, for example by a force F2 on the connecting element 56 is exercised.

The connecting element 56 is for example a screw, by means of which the component via the force introduction element 10 with the component 14 is connected. Out 9 is particularly well recognizable that by introducing the fastener 56 in the sleeve body 16 the end areas 32 move away from each other and in particular fold over to the device 14 to reach behind.

To a particularly easy and little damaging introduction of acting as a fastener force introduction element 10 in the device 14 to enable, is the force introduction element 10 heated before and / or during the joining, that is, before and / or during the introduction to a temperature which is preferably above the melting temperature of the fiber-reinforced plastic, in particular its contact matrix, wherein it may be provided that the force introduction element 10 is heated variotherm. The melting temperature is, for example polyamide at 280 degrees Celsius.

For example, a component receptacle for receiving the force introduction element 10 and / or the force introduction element 10 even electrically heated. In a simple embodiment, an electrical voltage is conducted via a slip ring transmission to a resistance heating element.

10a shows a heating device formed, for example, as a coil, in particular as an external coil 58 , by means of which the force introduction element 10 , in particular electrically, is heated. The coil is in the axial direction above the force introduction element 10 positioned or positionable. In particular, it is conceivable to use an inductive heating or transmission to the force introduction element 10 to warm up. For this purpose, the coil designed as an induction coil is used, which in dependence on a structure of a tool, by means of which the force introduction element into the component 14 introduced, offers several options. In 10a In this case, a radially rotating coil is shown, wherein the energy input takes place selectively by radiation, which in 10a by dashed lines 60 is illustrated.

10b shows a rear-side positioning of the coil, which is also an external coil and in the axial direction behind the force introduction element 10 is located or positioned. Again, the energy input by inductive radiation as well as by heat input through a coil-carrying element 62 of the tool.

at 10c comes an internal, retractable coil for small cross sections used. In other words, at 10c the coil (heating device 58 ) not outside the force application element 10 but within the force introduction element 10 , especially in the hollow length region 18 arranged. Due to the low energy input only locally shielding materials should be used in the tool. The coil is executable, for example, with an inner and outer conductor contacting. For implementation is an actuator in the form of translation and rotation of the force introduction element 10 intended.

10d illustrates the heating of the force introduction element 10 by means of external ladder 64 that is, by means of an external power supply. In contrast illustrated 10c an induction coil with in the tool shaft 66 entrained power supply in the form of internal conductors 64 ,

Overall, can be through the use of the force introduction element 10 and the process realize the following advantages: low energy costs due to heating of the force introduction element 10 by means of at least one induction coil; rapid warming up of the force introduction element 10 ; High-frequency implementation guarantees a high number of pieces and short-term thermal load of the formed as a fiber composite component 14 ; the force introduction element 10 and the method are independent of the fiber composite temperature and can therefore be positioned variably in the process chain; depending on the length of the sleeve body 16 is an incision or two-section force application possible; it is sufficient one-sided accessibility, both in the process and in the installation situation, so that the force introduction element 10 even with the component 14 can be connected when the device 14 only one-sided, that is accessible from exactly one side; through the experience of riveting processes, the process has one high tolerance accuracy; the process chain described enables tool-specific integration; the force introduction element 10 and the method provide the combination of external machining with internal power transmission; the force introduction element 10 is executable with any head shape, whereby a targeted increase in the friction diameter when installed is enabled; The bead on the head rest is geometrically designed so that delamination is reduced and the escape of existing fill or flow media is preventively prevented.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102012010715 A1 [0004]
• DE 19732099 A1 [0005]
• DE 102012025108 A1 [0005]
• DE 102013103719 A1 [0006]
• DE 102014203726 A1 [0007]
• DE 102013216039 A1 [0008]
• DE 102011113436 A1 [0009]
• DE 102011001522 A1 [0010]
• DE 102012215905 A1 [0011]

Claims (10)

Force introduction element ( 10 ) for connecting at least one first component ( 12 ) to a formed of a fiber-reinforced plastic second component ( 14 ), with at least one length range ( 18 ) hollow sleeve body ( 16 ), which can be screwed into the fiber-reinforced plastic external thread ( 22 ) with a sharp flank angle and an outside tip (S) of the sleeve body ( 16 ) forming end ( 26 ), which by way of respective first subregions ( 28 ) and in respective second sub-areas ( 30 ) separated end regions ( 32 ) is formed, which by introducing a connecting element ( 56 ) in the sleeve body ( 16 ) are movable away from each other to thereby engage behind engaging respective wall regions of the second component ( 14 ) to form an undercut. Force introduction element ( 10 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the external thread ( 22 ) with at least one adhesive and / or sealant ( 46 . 48 ) is provided. Force introduction element ( 10 ) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the sleeve body ( 16 ) one to the end ( 26 ) adjoining shaft ( 36 ), which is cylindrical or conically shaped on the outer peripheral side. Force introduction element ( 10 ) according to claim 3, characterized in that the shaft ( 36 ) on the outer peripheral side polygonal, in particular four- or six- or octagonal, is formed. Force introduction element ( 10 ) according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that on one end ( 26 ) opposite side of the shaft ( 36 ) to this a head ( 38 ) of the sleeve body ( 16 ). Force introduction element ( 10 ) according to claim 5, characterized in that the head ( 38 ) on the outer peripheral side polygonal, in particular four, six or octagonal is formed. Force introduction element ( 10 ) according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the head ( 38 ) on a male thread ( 22 ) facing side ( 42 ) a completely circumferential catch groove ( 44 ) having. Method for the at least partial introduction of a force introduction element ( 10 ) according to one of the preceding claims in the second component ( 14 ), in which a feed force (F) and a torque (T) on the force introduction element ( 10 ) is applied to the force application element ( 10 ) in the fiber-reinforced plastic and over the external thread ( 22 ) in the fiber-reinforced plastic screw. A method according to claim 8, characterized in that the force introduction element ( 10 ) by means of at least one heating device ( 58 ), in particular by means of an electric heater ( 58 ), is heated. Method according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the force introduction element ( 10 ) is heated to a temperature which is greater than or equal to the melting temperature of the fiber-reinforced plastic.

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