DE102015225798A1

DE102015225798A1 - Stator for an electric machine

Info

Publication number: DE102015225798A1
Application number: DE102015225798.3A
Authority: DE
Inventors: Miguel Ruiz De Larramendi; Patrick Heuser
Original assignee: Robert Bosch GmbH
Current assignee: Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date: 2015-12-09
Filing date: 2015-12-17
Publication date: 2017-06-14
Also published as: CN108432096B; CN108432096A; JP2019502344A; JP6588648B2; WO2017097487A1

Abstract

There are already stators known for an electric machine, with at least two electrically parallel wave windings, which are formed from a plurality of conductor elements. Conductor elements are provided which have two conductor legs and a connecting conductor connecting the two conductor legs. The disadvantage is that the parallel wave windings require many special conductor elements that differ from the standard conductor elements. The stator according to the invention requires fewer special conductor elements for the wave windings. According to the invention, the first wave winding (6.1) has a first start conductor element (14) which is arranged with its first conductor leg (14.1) in the (n-1) -th position of a first start groove (9), the second one Wave winding (6.2) has a second start conductor element (15), which is arranged with its first conductor leg (15.1) in the 2nd position of a second start groove (10), wherein the start grooves (9, 10) for non-parallel windings parallel at a number of holes q equal to one in a single, the respective electrical phase of the corresponding wave winding associated groove of one of the magnetic poles are provided, or at a number of holes not equal to one of the respective electrical phase associated Randnuten one of the magnetic poles or for wanted parallel wave windings between the Randnuten the respective electrical phase lying (s) to the groove offset from the edge grooves remote (s) groove (s) are.

Description

State of the art
The invention relates to a stator for an electric machine according to the preamble of the main claim. It is already a stator for an electric machine from the DE 103 31 841 A1 known, with at least two electrically parallel wave windings, which are formed of a plurality of arranged in grooves of the stator conductor elements, each wave winding with its conductor elements undulating through the corresponding grooves of the stator, wherein conductor elements are provided, the two conductor legs and one of the two In each groove, an even number of n conductor legs in the radial direction with respect to a stator axis is arranged one above the other, each ladder leg of a conductor element in its groove in a certain radial Position is provided, which is defined by the fact that the conductor leg of a groove bottom of the groove, starting from the x-th conductor legs in the respective groove, where x is a natural number between 1 and n. In addition, at least one group of adjacent conductor legs assigned to the same electrical phase is provided within one of the magnetic poles. These conductor limbs are arranged for at least partially opposite grooves in the same groove or in the same grooves or for elongated wave windings with respect to the individual radial layers to each other, whereby the outermost of these conductor limbs in the circumferential direction over all radial layers Grooves are arranged, which represent for each group of the same electrical phase associated conductor legs edge grooves. In addition, the conductor elements are inserted into the grooves such that all connecting conductors on one end face of the stator and all the connecting conductors remote from the ends of the conductor legs are on the other end, wherein the ends of the connecting conductors remote from the conductor legs are connected to each other such that the at least two parallel wave windings are formed, wherein each two cohesively interconnected conductor legs form a conductor connection. Furthermore, a first wave winding and a first wave winding electrically parallel second wave winding are provided, which are electrically connected at their first ends in each case with the same electrical phase. The disadvantage is that the parallel wave windings require many special elements that deviate from the standard conductor elements. These special elements increase the production costs considerably.
Advantages of the invention
The stator according to the invention with the characterizing features of the main claim has the advantage that the shaft windings of the stator are largely constructed of identical standard conductor elements and only very little special conductor elements that differ from the standard conductor elements, are required. As a result, the manufacture and assembly of the windings is simplified and made cheaper. In particular, results from the structure of the invention, a small number of intersections in the winding heads. According to the invention, this is achieved in that the first wave winding has a first conductor element which forms the first end of the first wave winding with its first conductor leg and is arranged therewith in the (n-1) th position of a first start groove, and by the second wave winding a second conductor element, which forms with its first conductor leg, the first end of the second wave winding and is arranged with this in the second position of a second start-up second slot. In this case, the first start groove and the second start groove for an unexpanded wave winding are provided at a number of holes q equal to one in a single groove of one of the magnetic poles assigned to the respective electrical phase of the corresponding wave winding. If the number of holes is not equal to one, the starting grooves are the peripheral grooves of one of the magnetic poles assigned to the respective electrical phase. For a deskewed wave winding, the start grooves are the groove (s) located between the peripheral grooves of the respective electrical phase, to remove the groove offset from the peripheral grooves. The connecting conductor of the first conductor element and the connecting conductor of the second conductor element extend from their starting groove, starting in a circumferential direction facing away from one another. The remaining conductor elements of the first and second wave windings are arranged in the grooves such that in each case the radial position of the one conductor leg 7.1 in comparison to the radial position of the other conductor leg 7.1 the same conductor element 7 in the same circumferential direction and viewed from the same end face for each of these conductor elements 7 increases by one or for each of these ladder elements 7 decreases by one.
The measures listed in the dependent claims advantageous refinements and improvements of the main claim stator are possible.
It is very advantageous if the conductor elements are arranged in one of the grooves such that the connection conductors of the conductor legs arranged in the same groove run alternately in the one circumferential direction or in the opposite circumferential direction, since in this way a very high more uniform, ordered structure of the winding head results, which requires no crossings in the winding on the side of the connecting conductor.
It is particularly advantageous if the first wave winding and the second wave winding each rotate around the stator several times, wherein the conductor legs of the conductor elements of a first round of one of the two wave windings and the conductor legs of the conductor elements of a second round of the same wave winding respectively in adjacent grooves and in these in the same Radial position are arranged. In this way, a very uniform, ordered structure of the winding head is achieved.
It is also advantageous if the connection conductors or the conductor connections for all conductor elements of the at least two parallel wave windings have an equal step size, since the shaft windings of the stator are constructed in this way largely of identical standard conductor elements and only very few special conductor elements, the Standard ladder elements may differ.
It is also advantageous if the conductor elements, which are not mechanically connected directly to an electrical phase, have conductor legs of the same length, since these conductor elements can be executed in this way as standard conductor elements.
According to an advantageous embodiment, the number of conductor legs per groove may be two, four, six, eight or ten. The number of parallel wave windings can be two or four.
drawing
Several embodiments of the invention are shown in simplified form in the drawing and explained in more detail in the following description.
1 shows an electric machine with a stator and a rotor, to which the invention may find application,
2a a single conductor element of one of the shaft windings of the stator after 1 .
2 B two parallel individual conductor elements of one of the shaft windings of the stator after 1 .
3a an interconnection of the parallel shaft windings of the stator after 1 .
3b an alternative interconnection of the parallel shaft windings of the stator after 1 .
4 a winding scheme according to the invention for two unequed, mutually electrically parallel wave windings of the electric phase u according to a first embodiment,
5 the two parallel wave windings of the electric phase u according to the winding scheme 4 in a linearly represented stator,
6 a winding scheme according to the invention for two unextended parallel wave windings of the electric phase u according to a second embodiment,
7 the two parallel wave windings according to the winding scheme 6 in a linearly represented stator,
8th a winding scheme according to the invention for two unposed parallel wave windings according to a third embodiment,
9 a winding scheme according to the invention for two despread parallel wave windings according to a fourth embodiment,
10 a winding scheme according to the invention for two despread parallel wave windings according to a fifth embodiment and
11 a winding scheme according to the invention for four unexpanded parallel wave windings according to a sixth embodiment.
Description of the embodiments
1 shows an electric machine with a stator 1 and a rotor 2 in which the invention may find application.
The stator 1 has a plurality of in the axial direction with respect to a stator axis 3 extending grooves 4 on, over the circumference, for example, the inner circumference of the stator 1 are distributed. The grooves 4 are to the rotor 2 each open out and have at the rotor 2 opposite side each have a groove bottom 5 , The stator 1 For example, it is formed by a laminated stator core, which consists of a plurality of stacked electrical steel sheets.
The stator 1 comprises at least two electrically parallel wave windings per electrical phase 6 , each of a variety of in the grooves 4 of the stator 1 arranged conductor elements 7 are formed. Each wave winding runs 6 with their ladder elements 7 wavy the corresponding grooves 4 of the stator 1 , The ladder elements 7 the wave windings 6 have, as in 2a shown, two conductor legs 7.1 and one the two conductor legs 7.1 connecting connecting conductor 7.2 , Alternatively, at least one of the wave windings 6 from a plurality of pairs of electrically parallel conductor elements 7 to 2 B consist. At the stator 1 are the two ladder legs 7.1 the conductor elements 7 each in different, spaced-apart grooves 4 arranged. Of the many connecting conductors 7.2 is in the 1 only a single example shown. The ladder elements 7 become so in the grooves 4 of the stator 1 used that all connecting conductors 7.2 on the one end of the stator 1 and all the connecting conductors 7.2 opposite ends of the conductor legs 7.1 lie on the other end face. The connecting conductors 7.2 opposite ends of the conductor legs 7.1 be so materially interconnected that the wave windings 6 be formed. In each case, two cohesively interconnected conductor legs form 7.1 a conductor connection 7.3 , The connection ladder 7.2 have for all ladder elements 7 the at least two parallel wave windings 6 an equal step size that defines the distance between the conductor legs. Alternatively, instead, the conductor connections 7.3 the at least two parallel wave windings 6 have an equal increment. The ladder elements 7 , which are not mechanically connected directly to an electrical phase, each have conductor legs 7.1 of equal length.
The electric machine may have three or six electrical phases, wherein two or four electrically parallel wave windings per electrical phase 6 are provided. In a first embodiment according to 3a For example, the electric machine comprises three phases u, v, w, wherein for each electrical phase u, v, w two electrically parallel wave windings 6 are executed. The parallel wave windings 6 each have two ends, a first end and a second end. The parallel wave windings 6 of all electrical phases can, as in 3a shown to be interconnected in a star connection. Then the parallel wave windings 6 each with its first end with one of the electrical phases u, v, w and with its second end with a star point 8th electrically connected. Alternatively, the parallel wave windings 6 in a triangle ( 3b ), wherein the parallel wave windings 6 each having its first end electrically connected to one of the electrical phases u, v, w and with its second end to one of the other electrical phases u, v, w.
In every groove 4 of the stator 1 is an even number of n ladder legs 7.1 provided, wherein the conductor legs 7.1 in the radial direction with respect to a stator axis 3 Seen exclusively on top of each other. The number n of conductor legs per groove is, for example, two, four, six, eight or ten.
Every ladder leg 7.1 a conductor element 7 is in his groove 4 arranged in a certain radial position. The radial position is defined in each case by the respective conductor leg 7.1 from the groove bottom 5 the respective groove 4 starting from the xth ladder leg 7.1 in the respective groove 4 where x is a natural number between 1 and n. With two ladder legs 7.1 per groove, the first layer is the so-called pad, the groove bottom 5 is facing and the second layer, the so-called top layer, the groove bottom 5 turned away.
According to the invention, the mutually parallel wave windings 6 each having its first ends connected to the same electrical phase, the course of the wave windings 6 through the stator 1 each in a particular groove 4 of the stator 1 that as a starting groove 9 . 10 is called begins. It is in the starting groove 9 . 10 provided conductor legs 7.1 to arrange in a certain radial position. The starting grooves 9 . 10 and the radial position in the starting grooves 9 is therefore to be defined.
At the stator 1 are several, circumferentially juxtaposed grooves 4 associated with a magnetic pole τ _p . The number of magnetic poles and phases is determined by the magnetic circuit design. This results in the number of holes q of the winding, namely by the quotient of the number of stator slots divided by the product of the number of magnetic poles multiplied by the number of phases.
Within one of the magnetic poles τ _p is at least one group 12 of ladder legs 7.1 provided, which are associated with the same electrical phase and are adjacent in the radial direction and / or in the circumferential direction. The term "adjacent conductor legs" is thus understood to mean conductor legs which are arranged in the same groove immediately adjacent to one another or directly adjacent to one another or in grooves arranged directly next to one another. This group 12 of ladder legs 7.1 is for unrestrained parallel wave windings with a number of holes q equal to one in the same groove and for hole numbers q not equal to one in the same adjacent grooves 4 arranged, wherein seen in the circumferential direction over all radial layers outermost of these conductor legs 7.1 in grooves 4 are arranged, which are referred to below as edge grooves. Under a number of holes q is the number of grooves in electrical engineering 4 understood per magnetic pole and phase.
The group 12 of ladder legs 7.1 includes a respective number of conductor legs 7.1 , the number of holes q multiplied by the number of conductor legs 7.1 corresponds per groove. The number of circumferentially adjacent, the same electrical phase associated conductor legs 7.1 corresponds to the number of holes q. The number of holes q is greater than or equal to one.
According to the invention, one of the electrical phases associated with the first parallel wave winding 6.1 a first start conductor element 14 on that with a first ladder leg 14.1 at the first end of the first wave winding 6.1 lies and with the first ladder leg 14.1 in the (n-1) -th layer of a first start groove 9 is arranged. The second electrical phase associated with the second, the first wave winding 6.1 electrically parallel wave winding 6.2 has a second start conductor element 15 on, with his first ladder leg 15.1 at the first end of the second wave winding 6.2 lies and with the first ladder leg 15.1 in the 2nd position of a second start groove 10 is arranged. In this case, for unextended parallel wave windings and for a specific electrical phase with a number of holes q not equal to one, the first start groove 9 one of the peripheral grooves of the respective electrical phase and the second start groove 10 the respective other edge groove of the relevant electrical phase. In which of the magnetic poles τ _p the edge grooves of the relevant electrical phase are defined as start-up grooves, it is irrelevant.
From their starting grooves, the two electrically parallel wave windings run 6.1 . 6.2 in opposite, ie opposite circumferential direction. In other words, the connection conductor run 14.2 of the first start conductor element 14 and the connection conductor 15.2 of the second start conductor element 15 in opposite circumferential direction. The wave winding 6.1 The left edge groove thus runs to the left and the wave winding of the right edge groove to the right.
The rest of the following, not in the starting grooves 9 . 10 lying conductor elements 7 the first and second parallel wave winding 6.1 . 6.2 are so in the grooves 4 arranged that in each case the radial position of the one conductor leg 7.1 in comparison to the radial position of the other conductor leg 7.1 the same conductor element 7 in the same circumferential direction and viewed from the same end face for each of these conductor elements 7 increases by one or for each of these ladder elements 7 decreases by one. In this way, the connecting conductors run 7.2 all of these ladder elements 7 not in the horizontal circumferential direction, but diagonally or obliquely to the circumferential direction, substantially (ie not exactly) parallel to each other and without crossing each other.
In 4 is an inventive winding scheme for two unexpensive, mutually electrically parallel wave windings 6 the electric phase u shown according to a first embodiment. According to the first embodiment, the stator 1 z. B. eight magnetic poles τ _p , each with six adjacent grooves 4 on. With a larger number of magnetic poles, the electric machine would have correspondingly more grooves, which is characterized in the winding schemes by "...". In every groove 4 of the stator 1 are two ladder legs 7.1 arranged. There are three electrical phases, two parallel wave windings 6 provided per electric phase and a number of holes q of two. In 4 are only the wave windings 6 the phase u shown. The parallel wave windings 6 the electrical phases v and w are also in accordance with the invention in their starting grooves 9 . 10 arranged and run in the same way as the parallel wave windings of the electric phase u.
The grooves are represented in the winding scheme by columns. The radial position of the respective ladder leg in the respective groove 4 results from the order of the arrangement of the conductor legs in the column from right to left, wherein the arranged in the column rightmost conductor leg at the bottom of the groove 5 and the leftmost conductor leg is disposed in the uppermost radial position.
In this first embodiment, the starting grooves 9 . 10 the edge grooves for the phase u, so the two of the phases u associated with one of the magnetic poles, so that the two of the phase u associated parallel wave windings 6 begin within any of the magnetic poles in the edge grooves assigned to the phase u, that is, for example, in the grooves with the consecutive numbering 1 and 2.
The first start conductor element 14 the first wave winding 6 is according to the invention in the (n - 1) -ten position of a Randnut 9 arranged. Since n is two in the first embodiment, the conductor leg is 14.1 of the first start conductor element 14 arranged in the first, so lowest position of the edge groove with the serial numbering 1. The ladder leg 14.1 of the first start conductor element 14 is directly electrically connected to a phase connection, for example in the form of a conductor rail, for the electrical phase u. The second start conductor element 15 the second wave winding 6.2 is provided in the 2-th position of the other Randnut with the serial numbering 2. The ladder leg 15.1 of the first start conductor element 15 is also electrically connected directly to the phase connection for the electrical phase u. The first wave winding 6.1 the left edge groove "Nr.1" runs from the left edge groove "Nr.1" Starting to the left and the second wave winding of the right edge groove "Nr.2" starting from the right edge groove "Nr.2" starting to the right.
5 shows the two parallel wave windings of the electric phase u according to the winding scheme 4 in a linearly illustrated stator 1 in which only the grooves 4 represented by the two parallel wave windings 6.1 . 6.2 to go through. The individual conductor legs 7.1 the two parallel wave windings 6 are numbered ascending according to their course. For distinction, the numbers of the ladder legs 7.1 the first wave winding 6.1 marked with a "'".
The ladder elements 7 are each such in one of the grooves 4 arranged that the connecting conductor 7.2 in the same groove 4 arranged ladder legs 7.1 seen in the radial direction alternately in the one circumferential direction or in the opposite circumferential direction. For example, the connection conductor runs 7.2 from that in the top of the groove 14 lying conductor element 7.1 with the number 3 to the right and the connecting conductor 7.2 from that in the underlay of the groove 14 lying conductor element 7.1 with the number 15 'to the left.
The first wave winding 6.1 and the second wave winding 6.2 can the stator 1 each revolve several times, the ladder legs 7.1 the conductor elements 7 a first round of one of the two wave windings 6 and the ladder legs 7.1 the conductor elements 7 a second revolution of the same wave winding 6 each in adjacent grooves 4 and are arranged in these in the same radial position as in the first circulation. For example, the first conductor element extends 7 in the first revolution of the first wave winding 6.1 from the top layer (corresponding to the second radial position) of the groove 2 in the pad (corresponding to the first radial position) of the groove 8th , The one ladder leg 7.1 of the first conductor element 7 in the second revolution of the first wave winding 6.1 then lies in the groove 2 adjacent groove, in this embodiment in the left adjacent groove, so the groove 1, in the same radial position as in the first circulation, ie in the second radial position. The other ladder leg 7.1 the same conductor element 7 lies in the first position of the groove 7 and thus adjacent to in the first position of the groove 8th lying other ladder legs 7.1 of the first conductor element 7 of the first round.
All connecting conductors 7.2 the two parallel wave windings 6.1 . 6.2 run on one end face of the stator 1 approximately parallel to each other and without crossing, so that the winding formed on this end face is very uniform or symmetrical and has a small axial height.
In 6 a winding scheme according to the invention for two unexpanded parallel wave windings of the electric phase u according to a second embodiment is shown. According to the second embodiment, the stator 1 z. B. eight magnetic poles τ _p , each with six adjacent grooves 4 on. In every groove 4 of the stator 1 are four conductor legs 7.1 arranged. There are three electrical phases and two parallel wave windings 6 provided per electrical phase, with only the wave windings 6 the phase u are shown. The parallel wave windings 6 the electrical phases v and w are also in accordance with the invention in their starting grooves 9 . 10 arranged and run in the same way as the parallel wave windings of the electric phase u. The number of holes q is equal to two in the second embodiment.
In this first embodiment, the starting grooves 9 . 10 for the phase u associated parallel wave windings the edge grooves for the phase u, so the two of the phase u associated grooves of one of the magnetic poles, so that the two of the phase u associated parallel wave windings 6 begin within any of the magnetic poles in the edge grooves assigned to the phase u, that is, for example, in the grooves with the consecutive numbering 1 and 2.
The first start conductor element 14 the first wave winding 6.1 is according to the invention in the (n-1) -th position of the first start groove 9 arranged. Since n is four in the second embodiment, the conductor leg is 14.1 of the first start conductor element 14 arranged in the third position of the left Randnut "Nr.1". The ladder leg 14.1 of the first start conductor element 14 is directly electrically connected to the phase connection, for example in the form of a conductor rail, for the electrical phase u. The second start conductor element 15 the second wave winding 6.2 is in the second position of the other, so right edge groove "No.2" provided. The ladder leg 15.1 of the first start conductor element 15 is also electrically connected directly to the phase connection for the electrical phase u. The first wave winding 6.1 The left edge groove "Nr.1" runs from the left edge groove "Nr.1" starting to the left and the second wave winding 6.2 the right Randnut "Nr.2" from the right Randnut "Nr.2" starting to the right.
7 shows the two parallel wave windings according to the winding scheme 6 in a linearly illustrated stator 1 in which only the grooves 4 represented by the two parallel wave windings 6.1 . 6.2 to go through. The ladder legs 7.1 the two parallel wave windings 6 are numbered ascending according to their course. All connecting conductors 7.2 the two parallel wave windings 6.1 . 6.2 run on one end face of the stator 1 approximately parallel to each other and without crossing, so that the winding formed on this end face is very uniform or symmetrical and has a low axial height. On the other end, there are some special connector of the layer 1 on the layer 4 and the layer 2 on the layer. 3
In 8th a winding scheme according to the invention for two unexpanded parallel wave windings according to a third embodiment is shown. According to the third embodiment, the stator 1 z. B. twelve magnetic poles τ _p , each with three adjacent grooves 4 on. In every groove 4 of the stator 1 are two ladder legs 7.1 arranged. There are three electrical phases and two parallel wave windings 6 per electric phase and a number of holes q equal to one provided. In 8th are only the wave windings 6 the phase u shown. The parallel wave windings 6 the electrical phases v and w are also in accordance with the invention in their starting grooves 9 . 10 arranged and run in the same way as the parallel wave windings of the electric phase u.
According to the invention, the first start groove 9 and the second start groove 10 for two unexpanded parallel wave windings and for a number of holes q equal to one and provided in the groove of one of the magnetic poles, which is associated with the respective electrical phase of the corresponding wave winding. The first start groove 9 and the second start groove 10 are thus for the electrical phase u associated wave winding in the same phase of the electrical phase u, for example, in the groove with the serial numbering. 1
The first start conductor element 14 the first wave winding 6 is according to the invention in the (n-1) -th position of the first start groove 9 arranged. Since n is two in the third embodiment, the conductor leg is 14.1 of the first start conductor element 14 arranged in the first, so lowest position of the edge groove "Nr.1". The ladder leg 14.1 of the first start conductor element 14 is directly electrically connected to a phase connection, for example in the form of a conductor rail, for the electrical phase u. The second start conductor element 15 the second wave winding 6.2 is provided in the 2nd position of the same Randnut "Nr.1". The ladder leg 15.1 of the first start conductor element 15 is also electrically connected directly to the phase connection for the electrical phase u. The first wave winding 6.1 runs from the groove "Nr.1" starting to the left and the second wave winding 6.2 from the groove "No.1" to the right.
In 9 shows a winding scheme according to the invention for two parallel windings in a fourth embodiment. According to the fourth embodiment, the stator 1 z. B. eight magnetic poles τ _p , each with six adjacent grooves 4 on. In every groove 4 of the stator 1 are two ladder legs 7.1 arranged. There are three electrical phases and two parallel wave windings 6 provided per electrical phase, with only the wave windings 6 the phase u are shown. The parallel wave windings 6 the electrical phases v and w are also in accordance with the invention in their starting grooves 9 . 10 arranged and run in the same way as the parallel wave windings of the electric phase u. The number of holes q is equal to two in the fourth embodiment.
Within the magnetic poles τ _p is in each case at least one group 12 from adjacent, the same electrical phase associated conductor legs 7.1 provided, wherein all lying in the upper radial position conductor legs 7.1 each group 12 opposite to all lying in the lower radial position conductor legs of the same group 12 are circumferentially offset by at least one groove, wherein the circumferentially over all radial layers seen outermost of these conductor legs 7.1 in grooves 4 are arranged, which represent marginal grooves. According to the fourth embodiment, each group comprises 12 from adjacent, the same electrical phase associated conductor legs 7.1 four conductor legs, which results from the multiplication of the number of holes q = 2 and the number of two conductors per groove. The two circumferentially adjacent, lying in the upper radial position conductor legs of this group 12 are a groove relative to the circumferentially adjacent, lying in the lower radial position of the conductor legs of this group 12 offset, so longed.
According to the invention, the elongated parallel wave windings each start in the start groove or in the start grooves, which lie between the edge grooves and are or are removed from the edge grooves by the respective groove offset. According to the fourth embodiment, the expanded parallel wave windings start, for example, in the magnetic pole with the grooves numbered 1 to 6. The edge grooves for the phase u are thus the grooves with the consecutive numbering 1 and 3. The Nutversatz the radial layers in Umfangsrichtrung amounts one in the fourth embodiment. Starting from the edge grooves with the consecutive numbering 1 and 3, each time by the groove offset to within the limited between the edge grooves range, you get to a common start groove. This results in a single start groove 9 , namely the groove with the consecutive numbering 2. The first parallel wave winding 6.1 according to the invention lies in the (n-1) -th, as in the preceding embodiments, ie first position of the start groove "Nr.2" and the second parallel wave winding 6.2 in the 2nd position of the same start groove "No.2". Starting from this start groove "Nr.2" run the two parallel wave windings 6.1 . 6.2 in the same way as in the previous embodiments.
In 10 shows a winding scheme according to the invention for two despread parallel wave windings according to a fifth embodiment. According to the fifth embodiment, the stator 1 z. B. eight magnetic poles τ _p , each with six adjacent grooves 4 on. In every groove 4 of the stator 1 are two ladder legs 7.1 arranged. There are three electrical phases and two parallel wave windings 6 provided per electrical phase, with only the wave windings 6 the phase u are shown. The parallel wave windings 6 the electrical phases v and w are also in accordance with the invention in their starting grooves 9 . 10 arranged and run in the same way as the parallel wave windings of the electric phase u. The number of holes q is equal to two in the fifth embodiment. According to the fifth embodiment, each group comprises 12 from adjacent, the same electrical phase associated conductor legs 7.1 four conductor legs, which results from the multiplication of the number of holes q = 2 and the number of two conductors per groove. According to the fifth embodiment, the expanded parallel wave windings start, for example, in the magnetic pole with the numbered slots 1 to 6. The edge grooves for the phase u are the numbered slots 1 and 4. The two circumferentially adjacent ones are in the upper one radial position lying limbs of one of the groups 12 are two grooves opposite to the circumferentially adjacent lying in the lower radial position conductor legs of the same group 12 added. If, starting from the peripheral grooves with the consecutive numbering 1 and 4, respectively, the groove offset, that is to say two grooves, goes within the area delimited between the edge grooves, one arrives at the grooves with the consecutive numbering 2 and 3 as start grooves 9 . 10 , The first parallel wave winding 6.1 According to the invention, as in the preceding embodiments, it lies in the (n-1) -th, ie first position, of the starting groove "No. 3" and runs from there to the left and the second parallel wave winding 6.2 in the 2nd position of the other start groove "Nr.2" and from there to the right. Starting from these start grooves run the two parallel wave windings 6.1 . 6.2 in the same way as in the previous embodiments.
In 11 is a winding scheme according to the invention for four unswept, mutually electrically parallel wave windings 6 of the electric phase u according to a sixth embodiment.
According to the sixth embodiment, the stator 1 z. B. eight magnetic poles τ _p , each with six adjacent grooves 4 on. In every groove 4 of the stator 1 are two ladder legs 7.1 arranged. There are three electrical phases and four parallel wave windings 6 provided per electrical phase, with only the wave windings 6 the phase u are shown. The parallel wave windings 6 the electrical phases v and w are also in accordance with the invention in their starting grooves 9 . 10 arranged and run in the same way as the parallel wave windings of the electric phase u. The number of holes q is equal to two in the sixth embodiment.
If instead of two parallel wave windings 6 four parallel wave windings 6 are provided, start the third wave winding 6.3 and fourth wave winding 6.4 in the same inventive manner as the first two wave windings 6.1 . 6.2 , but 180 degrees mechanically offset to the first two parallel wave windings 6.1 . 6.2 (please refer 11 ) and proceed in the following in the same inventive manner as the first two wave windings 6.1 . 6.2 ,
In the sixth embodiment, the start-up grooves are 9 . 10 the first and second wave winding 6.1 . 6.2 the marginal grooves for the phase u of one of the magnetic poles, so that the first and the second wave winding 6.1 . 6.2 begin within any of the magnetic poles in the edge grooves assigned to the phase u, that is, for example, in the grooves with the consecutive numbering 1 and 2.
The first start conductor element 14 the first wave winding 6.1 is according to the invention in the (n - 1) -ten position of a Randnut 9 arranged. Since n is two in the first embodiment, the conductor leg is 14.1 of the first start conductor element 14 arranged in the first, so lowest position of the edge groove with the serial numbering 1. The ladder leg 14.1 of the first start conductor element 14 the first wave winding 6.1 is directly electrically connected to a phase connection, for example in the form of a conductor rail, for the electrical phase u. The second start conductor element 15 the second wave winding 6.2 is provided in the 2-th position of the other Randnut with the serial numbering 2. The ladder leg 15.1 of the first start conductor element 15 the second wave winding 6.2 is also electrically connected directly to the phase connection for the electrical phase u. The first wave winding 6.1 The left edge groove "Nr.1" runs from the left edge groove "Nr.1" starting to the left and the second wave winding 6.2 the right Randnut "Nr.2" from the right Randnut "Nr.2" starting to the right.
The starting grooves 9 . 10 the third and fourth wave winding 6.3 . 6.4 are located in the magnetic pole, opposite to the magnetic pole with the start grooves 9 . 10 for the first and second wave winding 6.1 . 6.2 180 degrees mechanically offset. In the sixth embodiment with eight magnetic poles so the two magnetic poles, which are the start-up grooves 9 . 10 for the first and second and the third and fourth wave winding, respectively, offset by four magnetic poles to each other.
In this sixth embodiment, the start-up grooves are 9 . 10 the edge grooves for the phase u, so the two of the phase u associated grooves of the magnetic pole described above, so that the two of the phase u associated parallel wave windings 6.3 . 6.4 begin within this magnetic pole in the edge grooves assigned to the phase u, that is, for example, in the grooves with the serial numbering 25 and 26th
The first start conductor element 14 the third wave winding 6.3 is according to the invention in the (n - 1) -ten position of a Randnut 9 arranged. Since n is two in the sixth embodiment, the conductor leg is 14.1 of the first start conductor element 14 arranged in the first, so lowest position of the edge groove with the serial numbering 25. The ladder leg 14.1 of the first start conductor element 14 is directly electrically connected to a phase connection, for example in the form of a conductor rail, for the electrical phase u. The second start conductor element 15 the fourth wave winding 6.4 is provided in the 2-th position of the other Randnut with the serial numbering 26. The ladder leg 15.1 of the first start conductor element 15 is also electrically connected directly to the phase connection for the electrical phase u. The third wave winding 6.3 The left edge groove "No.25" runs from the left edge groove "No.25" starting to the left and the fourth wave winding 6.4 the right Randnut "Nr.26" from the right Randnut "Nr.26" starting to the right.
The rest of the following, not in the starting grooves 9 . 10 lying conductor elements 7 the third and fourth parallel wave winding 6.3 . 6.4 are so in the grooves 4 arranged that in each case the radial position of the one conductor leg 7.1 in comparison to the radial position of the other conductor leg 7.1 the same conductor element 7 in the same circumferential direction and viewed from the same end face for each of these conductor elements 7 increases by one or for each of these ladder elements 7 decreases by one. In this way, the connecting conductors run 7.2 all of these ladder elements 7 not in the horizontal circumferential direction, but diagonally or obliquely to the circumferential direction, substantially (ie not exactly) parallel to each other and without crossing each other.
QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION
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Cited patent literature

DE 10331841 A1 [0001]

Claims

Stator for an electric machine with at least two electrically parallel wave windings ( 6.1 . 6.2 ), which consist of a large number of in grooves ( 4 ) of the stator ( 1 ) arranged conductor elements ( 7 ) are formed, wherein - each wave winding ( 6 ) with their conductor elements ( 7 ) undulating through the corresponding grooves ( 4 ) of the stator ( 1 ), - the conductor elements ( 7 ) two conductor legs ( 7.1 ) and one the two conductor legs ( 7.1 ) connecting conductors ( 7.2 ), wherein the two conductor legs ( 7.1 ) in spaced apart grooves ( 4 ), - in each groove ( 4 ) an even number of n conductor legs ( 7.1 ) in relation to a stator axis ( 3 ) radial direction is arranged one above the other, wherein each conductor leg ( 7.1 ) of a conductor element ( 7 ) in its groove ( 4 ) is provided in a specific radial position, which is defined by the fact that the conductor leg ( 7.1 ) of a groove bottom ( 5 ) of the groove ( 4 ) starting from the x th conductor legs ( 7.1 ) in the respective groove ( 4 ), where x is a natural number between 1 and n, - a plurality of circumferentially juxtaposed grooves ( 4 ) are associated with a magnetic pole (τ _p ), - within one of the magnetic poles (τ _p ) at least one group ( 12 ) of adjacent, the same electrical phase associated conductor legs ( 7.1 ), whereby these conductor legs ( 7.1 ) for unsecured wave windings ( 6 ) in the same groove (s) ( 4 ) or for stretched wave windings ( 6 ) with respect to the individual radial layers to each other offset by a groove offset of at least one groove in at least partially different adjacent grooves ( 4 ), wherein the outermost in the circumferential direction over all radial layers of these conductor legs ( 7.1 ) in grooves ( 4 ) which are responsible for the respective group ( 12 ) conductor legs associated with the same electrical phase ( 7.1 ) Represent edge grooves, - the conductor elements ( 7 ) into the grooves ( 4 ) are used, that all connecting conductors ( 7.2 ) on one end face of the stator ( 1 ) and all the interconnectors ( 7.2 ) facing away from the ends of the conductor legs ( 7.1 ) lie on the other end face, whereby the connecting conductors ( 7.2 ) facing away from the ends of the conductor legs ( 7.1 ) are connected to one another in such a way that the at least two parallel wave windings are formed, wherein in each case two cohesively connected conductor legs form a conductor connection ( 7.3 ), - a first wave winding ( 6.1 ) and one to the first wave winding ( 6.1 ) electrically parallel second wave winding ( 6.2 ) is provided, which are connected with their first ends in each case to the same electrical phase, characterized in that - the first wave winding ( 6.1 ) a first start conductor element ( 14 ), which with its first conductor leg ( 14.1 ) the first end of the first wave winding ( 6.1 ) and with this in the (n - 1) -th position of a first start groove ( 9 ) - that the second wave winding ( 6.2 ) a second start conductor element ( 15 ), which with its first conductor leg ( 15.1 ) the first end of the second wave winding ( 6.2 ) and with this in the second position of a second start groove ( 10 ), - wherein the start grooves ( 9 . 10 ) are provided for unsecured parallel wave windings at a number of holes q equal to one in a single, associated with the respective electrical phase of the corresponding wave winding groove of one of the magnetic poles, or at a hole number not equal to one of the respective electrical phase associated edge grooves of one of the magnetic poles, or for Lined parallel wave windings lying between the edge grooves of the respective electrical phase (s) to the groove offset of the edge grooves (s) are outside (s), - that the connecting conductor ( 14.2 ) of the first start conductor element ( 14 ) and the connecting conductor ( 15.2 ) of the second start conductor element ( 15 ) extend in mutually remote circumferential direction, - that the remaining conductor elements ( 7 ) of the first and second wave windings ( 6.1 . 6.2 ) in the grooves ( 4 ) are arranged such that in each case the radial position of a conductor leg ( 7.1 ) compared to the radial position of the other conductor leg ( 7.1 ) of the same conductor element ( 7 ) in the same circumferential direction and from the same end face for each of these conductor elements ( 7 ) increases by the value one or for each of these ladder elements ( 7 ) decreases by the value one.
Stator according to Claim 1, characterized in that the conductor elements ( 7 ) in such a way in one of the grooves ( 4 ) are arranged such that the connecting conductors ( 7.2 ) in the same groove ( 4 ) arranged conductor legs ( 7.1 ) alternately in the one circumferential direction or in the opposite circumferential direction.
Stator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first wave winding ( 6.1 ) and the second wave winding ( 6.2 ) in each case several times the stator ( 1 ), wherein the conductor legs ( 7.1 ) of the conductor elements ( 7 ) of a first revolution of one of the two wave windings ( 6 ) and the ladder legs ( 7.1 ) of the conductor elements ( 7 ) of a second revolution of the same wave winding ( 6 ) in adjacent slots ( 4 ) and are arranged in these in the same radial position.
Stator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connecting conductors ( 7.2 ) or the conductor connections ( 7.3 ) for all ladder elements ( 7 ) of at least two parallel wave windings ( 6 ) have an equal step size.
Stator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the groups ( 12 ) of circumferentially adjacent, a same electrical phase associated conductor legs ( 7.1 ) each have a number of conductor legs ( 7.1 ) corresponding to the number of holes q multiplied by the number of conductor legs per groove.
Stator according to claim 5, characterized in that the number of holes q is greater than or equal to one.
Stator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first wave winding ( 6.1 ) and the second wave winding ( 6.2 ) each have an end terminal at their second ends, wherein the two end terminals are connected either to an electrical star point of a star connection or to different electrical phases of a delta connection.
Stator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the number (n) of the conductor legs ( 7.1 ) per groove is two, four, six, eight or ten.
Stator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the number of parallel wave windings ( 6 ) is two or four.