DE102015219028A1 - Method and device for exhaust aftertreatment of an internal combustion engine - Google Patents
Method and device for exhaust aftertreatment of an internal combustion engine Download PDFInfo
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- DE102015219028A1 DE102015219028A1 DE102015219028.5A DE102015219028A DE102015219028A1 DE 102015219028 A1 DE102015219028 A1 DE 102015219028A1 DE 102015219028 A DE102015219028 A DE 102015219028A DE 102015219028 A1 DE102015219028 A1 DE 102015219028A1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
- F01N13/0093—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are of the same type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
- F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0814—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with catalytic converters, e.g. NOx absorption/storage reduction catalysts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
- F01N3/0842—Nitrogen oxides
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/101—Three-way catalysts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
- F01N2240/20—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a flow director or deflector
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2410/00—By-passing, at least partially, exhaust from inlet to outlet of apparatus, to atmosphere or to other device
- F01N2410/04—By-passing, at least partially, exhaust from inlet to outlet of apparatus, to atmosphere or to other device during regeneration period, e.g. of particle filter
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2410/00—By-passing, at least partially, exhaust from inlet to outlet of apparatus, to atmosphere or to other device
- F01N2410/12—By-passing, at least partially, exhaust from inlet to outlet of apparatus, to atmosphere or to other device in case of absorption, adsorption or desorption of exhaust gas constituents
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2430/00—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics
- F01N2430/06—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics by varying fuel-air ratio, e.g. by enriching fuel-air mixture
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
- F01N2900/14—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust gas
- F01N2900/1402—Exhaust gas composition
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung sowie ein Verfahren zur Abgasnachbehandlung einer Brennkraftmaschine (10), mit einem Abgaskanal (12), mit einem im Abgaskanal (12) angeordneten Drei-Wege-Katalysator (14), mit einem ersten NOx-Speicherkatalysator (16) sowie mit einem in Strömungsrichtung eines Abgases durch den Abgaskanal (12) stromab des ersten NOx-Speicherkatalysators (16) und stromab des Drei-Wege-Katalysators (14) angeordneten zweiten NOx-Speicherkatalysator (18), mit einem Bypasskanal (24), der einen Bypass für den zweiten NOx-Speicherkatalysator (18) ausbildet, sowie mit einem Schaltelement (20), welches ein Umschalten des Abgasstroms zwischen einem den NOx-Speicherkatalysator (18) aufweisenden Hauptarm (22) des Abgaskanals (12) und Bypasskanal (24) ermöglicht.The invention relates to a device and a method for the exhaust aftertreatment of an internal combustion engine (10), with an exhaust passage (12), with a in the exhaust passage (12) arranged three-way catalyst (14), with a first NOx storage catalyst (16) and with a downstream in the flow direction of an exhaust gas through the exhaust passage (12) downstream of the first NOx storage catalyst (16) and downstream of the three-way catalytic converter (14) arranged second NOx storage catalyst (18), with a bypass channel (24) having a Bypass for the second NOx storage catalyst (18) is formed, and with a switching element (20) which allows switching of the exhaust gas flow between the NOx storage catalyst (18) having main arm (22) of the exhaust passage (12) and bypass channel (24) ,
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Abgasnachbehandlung gemäß dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1 sowie ein Verfahren zur Abgasnachbehandlung. The invention relates to a device for exhaust aftertreatment according to the preamble of
Die aktuelle und eine zukünftig immer schärfer werdende Abgasgesetzgebung stellt hohe Anforderungen an motorische Rohemissionen und die Abgasnachbehandlung von Verbrennungsmotoren. Weiterhin sind die Fahrzeug- und Motorenhersteller angehalten, den Verbrauch der Verbrennungsmotoren und die damit verbundenen CO2-Emissionen zu reduzieren. Dies führt unter anderem dazu, dass für Verbrennungsmotoren verbrauchsoptimierte Brennverfahren entwickelt werden. Eine Möglichkeit, den Verbrauch eines Ottomotors zu reduzieren, ist ein Magerbrennverfahren, also ein Brennverfahren, bei dem der Verbrennungsmotor weitestgehend mit einem überstöchiometrischen Verbrennungsluftverhältnis betrieben wird. Da bei einem Magerbrennverfahren im überstöchiometrischen Betrieb die NOx-Emissionen nicht mehr hinreichend mit einem konventionellen Drei-Wege-Katalysator reduziert werden können, sind zusätzliche Katalysatoren wie NOx-Speicherkatalysatoren erforderlich. Dabei werden die NOx-Emissionen als Nitrate im NOx-Speicherkatalysator eingelagert. Diese NOx-Speicherkatalysatoren müssen periodisch mit Hilfe einer motorischen Fettphase regeneriert werden. Die Gestaltung dieser Fettphase beeinflusst maßgeblich die Endrohremissionen. The current and increasingly stringent emissions legislation in the future places high demands on engine raw emissions and the exhaust aftertreatment of internal combustion engines. Furthermore, the vehicle and engine manufacturers are required to reduce the consumption of internal combustion engines and the associated CO 2 emissions. Among other things, this leads to the development of consumption-optimized combustion processes for internal combustion engines. One way to reduce the consumption of a gasoline engine is a lean burn process, ie a combustion process in which the internal combustion engine is operated as far as possible with a superstoichiometric combustion air ratio. Since NOx emissions can no longer be sufficiently reduced with a conventional three-way catalyst in a lean burn process in superstoichiometric operation, additional catalysts such as NOx trap catalysts are required. The NOx emissions are stored as nitrates in the NOx storage catalytic converter. These NOx storage catalytic converters must be regenerated periodically with the aid of a motorized grease phase. The design of this fat phase significantly influences tailpipe emissions.
Aus der
Aus der
Nachteilig an den aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Lösungen ist jedoch, dass der Abgasstrom immer über den zweiten NOx-Speicherkatalysator geleitet wird, wobei es während der Regeneration des ersten NOx-Speicherkatalysators zu einem stöchiometrischen Abgas und der Gefahr von NOx-Desorption auf dem zweiten NOx-Speicherkatalysator kommt. A disadvantage of the known from the prior art solutions, however, is that the exhaust stream is always passed over the second NOx storage catalyst, wherein it during the regeneration of the first NOx storage catalyst to a stoichiometric exhaust gas and the risk of NOx desorption on the second NOx storage catalyst comes.
Der Erfindung liegt nun die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung zur Abgasnachbehandlung bereitzustellen, bei der zu jedem Betriebszeitpunkt die NOx-Emissionen eingespeichert oder konvertiert werden können. Ferner liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, bei der Regeneration von zwei hintereinandergeschalteten NOx-Speicherkatalysatoren ein Verfahren vorzuschlagen, mit dem beide NOx-Speicherkatalysatoren regeneriert werden können, ohne dass es bei der Regeneration des ersten NOx-Speicherkatalysators zu einer NOx-Desorption auf dem zweiten NOx-Speicherkatalysator und damit verbundenen erhöhten Endrohremissionen kommt. The object of the invention is therefore to provide a device for exhaust gas aftertreatment in which the NOx emissions can be stored or converted at any operating time. Furthermore, the invention is based on the object, in the regeneration of two NOx storage catalytic converters connected in series, to propose a method with which both NOx storage catalytic converters can be regenerated without the NOx desorption on the second during the regeneration of the first NOx storage catalytic converter NOx storage catalyst and associated increased tailpipe emissions comes.
Die Aufgabe wird durch eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zur Abgasnachbehandlung einer Brennkraftmaschine gelöst. Die Vorrichtung weist einen Abgaskanal, einen im Abgaskanal angeordneten Drei-Wege-Katalysator, einen ersten NOx-Speicherkatalysator sowie einen in Strömungsrichtung eines Abgases durch den Abgaskanal stromab des ersten NOx-Speicherkatalysators und stromab des Drei-Wege-Katalysators angeordneten zweiten NOx-Speicherkatalysator auf. Ferner weist die Vorrichtung einen Bypasskanal, der einen Bypass für den zweiten NOx-Speicherkatalysator ausbildet, diesen somit umgeht, sowie ein Schaltelement, welches ein Umschalten des Abgasstroms zwischen einen Hauptarm des Abgaskanals und den Bypasskanal ermöglicht. Durch solch eine Vorrichtung kann das Abgas bei der Regeneration des ersten NOx-Speicherkatalysators an dem zweiten NOx-Speicherkatalysator vorbei durch den Abgaskanal geleitet werden, sodass eine NOx-Desorption am zweiten NOx-Speicherkatalysator während der Regeneration des ersten NOx-Speicherkatalysators vermieden wird. Ferner ist immer ein wirksamer Katalysator vorhanden, um NOx-Emissionen im Abgas einzuspeichern und/oder zu konvertieren, sodass die Endrohremissionen gesenkt werden. The object is achieved by an inventive device for the exhaust aftertreatment of an internal combustion engine. The device has an exhaust gas duct, a three-way catalytic converter arranged in the exhaust gas duct, a first NOx storage catalytic converter and a second NOx catalytic converter arranged downstream of the first NOx storage catalytic converter in the flow direction of an exhaust gas through the exhaust duct and downstream of the three-way catalytic converter , Furthermore, the device has a bypass channel which forms a bypass for the second NOx storage catalytic converter, thus bypasses it, and a switching element which allows a switching of the exhaust gas flow between a main arm of the exhaust gas channel and the bypass channel. By such a device, the exhaust gas can be passed in the regeneration of the first NOx storage catalyst past the second NOx storage catalyst through the exhaust passage, so that a NOx desorption on the second NOx storage catalyst during the regeneration of the first NOx storage catalyst is avoided. Furthermore, there is always an effective catalyst available to store and / or increase NOx emissions in the exhaust gas convert so that the tailpipe emissions are lowered.
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, dass in dem Bypasskanal ein weiterer Katalysator vorgesehen ist. Während der Regeneration des ersten NOx-Speicherkatalysators wird die Brennkraftmaschine mit einem unterstöchiometrischen Verbrennungsluftverhältnis betrieben, wobei sich stromab des ersten NOx-Speicherkatalysators ein stöchiometrisches Abgas einstellt. Dieses Abgas kann durch einen weiteren Katalysator, welcher in dem Bypasskanal angeordnet ist, gereinigt werden, wobei der weitere Katalysator beispielsweise ein Oxidationskatalysator oder ein Drei-Wege-Katalysator ist. Ein Oxidationskatalysator kann beispielweise nach einem Fettdurchbruch des ersten NOx-Speicherkatalysators noch im Abgas vorhandene unverbrannte Kohlenwasserstoffe (HC-Emissionen) und/oder Kohlenstoffmonoxid (CO) weiter in unschädliches CO2 und Wasser oxidieren. According to an advantageous embodiment it is provided that in the bypass channel, a further catalyst is provided. During the regeneration of the first NOx storage catalytic converter, the internal combustion engine is operated with a substoichiometric combustion air ratio, wherein a stoichiometric exhaust gas adjusts downstream of the first NOx catalytic converter. This exhaust gas can be purified by a further catalyst, which is arranged in the bypass channel, wherein the further catalyst is, for example, an oxidation catalyst or a three-way catalyst. An oxidation catalytic converter can, for example, oxidize unburned hydrocarbons (HC emissions) and / or carbon monoxide (CO) still present in the exhaust gas further into harmless CO 2 and water after the first NO x storage catalytic converter has broken through the grease.
Besonders bevorzugt ist dabei die Verwendung eines Drei-Wege-Katalysators als weiteren Katalysator, wodurch sowohl eine Oxidation der genannten Abgaskomponenten, als auch eine Reduktion von noch im Abgas vorhandenen Stickstoffoxiden (NOx) möglich ist. Somit ist eine besonders effiziente Abgasreinigung möglich. Particularly preferred is the use of a three-way catalyst as a further catalyst, whereby both an oxidation of said exhaust gas components, as well as a reduction of nitrogen oxides still present in the exhaust gas (NOx) is possible. Thus, a particularly efficient emission control is possible.
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung ist vorgesehen, dass das Schaltelement als 3/2-Wegeventil ausgebildet ist. Dabei ist das Schaltelement vorzugsweise als Klappenventil ausgebildet, wobei die Klappe je nach Schaltstellung entweder den Hauptarm des Abgaskanals freigibt und den Bypasskanal verschließt, oder den Bypasskanal freigibt und den Hauptarm verschließt. Somit ist sichergestellt, dass der Abgasstrom der Brennkraftmaschine jeweils durch den entsprechenden Teilarm des Abgaskanals geleitet werden kann und es nicht zu Sekundärströmungen durch den jeweils anderen Teilarm des Abgaskanals kommt, welche zu einer erhöhten Endrohremission führen können. According to an advantageous embodiment, it is provided that the switching element is designed as a 3/2-way valve. In this case, the switching element is preferably designed as a flap valve, the flap depending on the switching position either releases the main arm of the exhaust passage and closes the bypass channel, or releases the bypass channel and closes the main arm. Thus, it is ensured that the exhaust gas flow of the internal combustion engine can be passed through the respective partial arm of the exhaust duct and it does not come to secondary flows through the respective other arm of the exhaust duct, which can lead to increased tailpipe emissions.
Alternativ ist mit Vorteil vorgesehen, dass das Schaltelement zwei separate Stellelemente aufweist, wobei ein erstes Stellelement eingerichtet ist, um den Hauptarm des Abgaskanals zu verschließen und ein zweites Stellelement eingerichtet ist, um den Bypasskanal des Abgaskanals zu verschließen. Dadurch kann der Abgasstrom zielgerichtet durch den jeweiligen Teilarm des Abgaskanals geleitet werden, während der jeweils andere Teilarm durch das entsprechende Stellelement verschlossen ist. Alternatively, it is advantageously provided that the switching element has two separate adjusting elements, wherein a first adjusting element is arranged to close the main arm of the exhaust duct and a second adjusting element is arranged to close the bypass duct of the exhaust duct. As a result, the exhaust gas flow can be directed through the respective partial arm of the exhaust gas duct, while the respective other subarm is closed by the corresponding control element.
Gemäß einer weiteren, vorteilhaften Weiterbildung ist vorgesehen, dass der Bypasskanal stromab des zweiten NOx-Speicherkatalysators an einer Einmündung in den Hauptarm des Abgaskanals mündet. Dadurch können die beiden Teilarme wieder zusammengeführt werden und weitere, im Abgaskanal vorgesehene Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtungen müssen nur einfach ausgeführt werden. So ist insbesondere mit Vorteil vorgesehen, dass stromab der Einmündung ein Partikelfilter im Abgaskanal angeordnet ist. Auf diese Weise kann der Partikelfilter Rußpartikel aus dem Abgasstrom herausfiltern, unabhängig davon, ob der Abgasstrom des Verbrennungsmotors über den Hauptarm des Abgaskanals oder über den Bypasskanal des Abgaskanals geleitet wurde. According to a further advantageous development, it is provided that the bypass duct opens downstream of the second NOx storage catalytic converter at an opening into the main arm of the exhaust gas duct. As a result, the two sub-arms can be brought together again and further, provided in the exhaust duct exhaust aftertreatment devices need only be performed easily. For example, it is advantageously provided that a particle filter is arranged in the exhaust gas duct downstream of the junction. In this way, the particulate filter can filter out soot particles from the exhaust gas flow, regardless of whether the exhaust gas stream of the internal combustion engine was passed through the main arm of the exhaust duct or via the bypass duct of the exhaust duct.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren wird mit einer in den vorherigen Abschnitten beschriebenen Vorrichtung durchgeführt und umfasst folgende Schritte:
- – Betreiben der Brennkraftmaschine mit einem überstöchiometrischen, mageren Verbrennungsluftverhältnis λE > 1, wobei das Schaltelement so geschaltet wird, dass der Hauptarm des Abgaskanals von dem Abgas der Brennkraftmaschine durchströmt wird,
- – Beladen des ersten NOx-Speicherkatalysators sowie des zweiten NOx-Speicherkatalysators mit Stickstoffoxiden,
- – Umschalten der Brennkraftmaschine auf ein unterstöchiometrisches, fettes Verbrennungsluftgemisch λE < 1 und Umschalten des Schaltelements, sodass der Bypasskanal von dem Abgas der Brennkraftmaschine durchströmt wird,
- – Regenerieren des ersten NOx-Speicherkatalysators mittels des unterstöchiometrischen, fetten Verbrennungsluftverhältnisses,
- – Umschalten des Schaltelements, sodass der Hauptarm des Abgaskanals von dem Abgas der Brennkraftmaschine durchströmt wird, und Regenerieren des zweiten NOx-Speicherkatalysators.
- - Operating the internal combustion engine with a lean of stoichiometric, lean combustion air ratio λ E > 1, wherein the switching element is switched so that the Main arm of the exhaust passage is flowed through by the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine,
- Loading the first NOx storage catalytic converter and the second NOx storage catalytic converter with nitrogen oxides,
- - Switching the engine to a stoichiometric, rich combustion air mixture λ E <1 and switching the switching element, so that the Bypass channel is flowed through by the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine,
- Regenerating the first NOx storage catalyst by means of the substoichiometric, rich combustion air ratio,
- - Switching of the switching element, so that the main arm of the exhaust passage is flowed through by the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine, and regenerating the second NOx storage catalytic converter.
Durch das beschriebene Verfahren stellt sich während der Regeneration des ersten NOx-Speicherkatalysators ein stöchiometrisches Abgas stromab des ersten NOx-Speicherkatalysators ein, welches zur Reinigung über den Bypasskanal geleitet wird und dort durch einen zusätzlichen Katalysator gereinigt werden kann. Der zweite NOx-Speicherkatalysator wird während der Regeneration des ersten NOx-Speicherkatalysators nicht vom Abgasstrom der Brennkraftmaschine durchströmt, sodass es zu keiner Desorption von NOx auf dem zweiten NOx-Speicherkatalysator kommt. Nach vollständiger Regeneration des ersten NOx-Speicherkatalysators wird das Schaltelement umgestellt und der Hauptarm des Abgaskanals durchströmt, wobei die Brennkraftmaschine weiterhin mit einem unterstöchiometrischen, fetten Gemisch betrieben wird. Dieses unterströchiometrische Gemisch führt zu einem unterstöchiometrischen, fetten Abgas, welches den ersten NOx-Speicherkatalysator durchströmt und als unterstöchiometrisches, fettes Abgas dann zur Regeneration des zweiten NOx-Speicherkatalysators zur Verfügung steht. Somit wird ein NOx-Schlupf während der Regeneration der beiden NOx-Speicherkatalysatoren vermieden und die Endrohremissionen gesenkt. As a result of the described method, during the regeneration of the first NOx storage catalytic converter, a stoichiometric exhaust gas flows downstream of the first NOx storage catalytic converter, which is passed over the bypass channel for purification and can be cleaned there by an additional catalytic converter. The second NOx storage catalytic converter is not flowed through during the regeneration of the first NOx storage catalytic converter from the exhaust gas flow of the internal combustion engine, so that there is no desorption of NOx on the second NOx storage catalytic converter. After complete regeneration of the first NOx storage catalytic converter, the switching element is changed over and flows through the main arm of the exhaust passage, wherein the internal combustion engine is further operated with a stoichiometric, rich mixture. This under-stoichiometric mixture leads to a substoichiometric, rich exhaust gas, which flows through the first NOx storage catalyst and then as a stoichiometric, rich exhaust gas to Regeneration of the second NOx storage catalyst is available. Thus, a NOx-slip during the regeneration of the two NOx storage catalytic converters is avoided and the tailpipe emissions are lowered.
In weiterer bevorzugter Ausgestaltung des Verfahrens ist vorgesehen, dass der Verbrennungsmotor während der Regeneration der NOx-Speicherkatalysatoren mit einem unterstöchiometrischen Verbrennungsluftverhältnis λE von 0,9 bis 0,95, vorzugsweise λE = 0,92, betrieben wird. Ein unterstöchiometrisches Verbrennungsluftverhältnis ist zum Abbau der Nitrate auf dem NOx-Speicherkatalysator notwendig. Bei diesem Verbrennungsluftverhältnis kann das Entstehen von größeren Mengen an Ruß verhindert werden, was zu einer starken Beladung eines Partikelfilters oder entsprechenden Endrohremissionen führen würde. In a further preferred embodiment of the method, it is provided that the internal combustion engine is operated during the regeneration of the NOx storage catalytic converter with a substoichiometric combustion air ratio λ E of 0.9 to 0.95, preferably λ E = 0.92. A substoichiometric combustion air ratio is necessary to reduce the nitrates on the NOx storage catalyst. At this combustion air ratio, the generation of larger amounts of soot can be prevented, which would lead to a heavy loading of a particulate filter or corresponding tailpipe emissions.
Die verschiedenen in dieser Anmeldung genannten Ausführungsformen der Erfindung sind, sofern im Einzelfall nicht anders ausgeführt, mit Vorteil miteinander kombinierbar. The various embodiments of the invention mentioned in this application are, unless otherwise stated in the individual case, advantageously combinable with each other.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend in Ausführungsbeispielen anhand der zugehörigen Zeichnungen erläutert. Es zeigen: The invention will be explained below in embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show it:
Die im überstöchiometrischen Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine
Ist die Beladungsgrenze des zweiten NOx-Speicherkatalysator
Bei einer Regeneration des ersten NOx-Speicherkatalysators
Um dies zu verhindern, wird mit Hilfe des Schaltelements
Dabei wird die Dauer der Regeneration so gewählt, dass die im ersten NOx-Speicherkatalysator
In der
In den
BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
- 10 10
- Brennkraftmaschine Internal combustion engine
- 12 12
- Abgaskanal exhaust duct
- 14 14
- Drei-Wege-Katalysator Three-way catalytic converter
- 16 16
- erster NOx-Speicherkatalysator first NOx storage catalyst
- 18 18
- zweiter NOx-Speicherkatalysator second NOx storage catalyst
- 20 20
- Schaltelement switching element
- 22 22
- Hauptarm (des Abgaskanals) Main arm (of the exhaust duct)
- 24 24
- Bypasskanal bypass channel
- 26 26
- weiterer Katalysator further catalyst
- 28 28
- Drei-Wege-Katalysator Three-way catalytic converter
- 30 30
- Partikelfilter particulate Filter
- 32 32
- Drei-Wege-Katalysator mit integriertem NOx-Speicherkatalysator Three-way catalytic converter with integrated NOx storage catalytic converter
- 34 34
- Einmündung junction
- λE λ E
- Verbrennungsluftverhältnis Combustion air ratio
- λnachTWNSC λ to TWNSC
- Verbrennungsluftverhältnis stromab des Drei-Wege-Katalysators mit integriertem NOx-Speicherkatalysator oder stromab des ersten NOx-Speicherkatalysators Combustion air ratio downstream of the three-way catalyst with integrated NOx storage catalyst or downstream of the first NOx storage catalyst
- λvorNSC λ before NSC
- Verbrennungsluftverhältnis stromauf des zweiten NOx-Speicherkatalysators Combustion air ratio upstream of the second NOx storage catalyst
- λnachNSC λ to NSC
- Verbrennungsluftverhältnis stromab des zweiten NOx-Speicherkatalysators Combustion air ratio downstream of the second NOx storage catalyst
ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNG QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION
Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.
Zitierte PatentliteraturCited patent literature
- DE 102010014468 A1 [0003] DE 102010014468 A1 [0003]
- WO 2013/079117 [0004, 0004] WO 2013/079117 [0004, 0004]
Claims (10)
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DE102015219028.5A DE102015219028A1 (en) | 2015-10-01 | 2015-10-01 | Method and device for exhaust aftertreatment of an internal combustion engine |
CN201610862804.1A CN107035471B (en) | 2015-10-01 | 2016-09-29 | The method and apparatus of exhaust after-treatment for internal combustion engine |
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DE102015219028.5A DE102015219028A1 (en) | 2015-10-01 | 2015-10-01 | Method and device for exhaust aftertreatment of an internal combustion engine |
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Cited By (2)
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DE102018101665A1 (en) | 2018-01-25 | 2019-07-25 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Device and method for exhaust aftertreatment of an internal combustion engine |
DE102018203300A1 (en) * | 2018-03-06 | 2019-09-12 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Controlling an exhaust aftertreatment |
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CN109899142B (en) * | 2019-03-12 | 2020-05-05 | 龙岩市腾兴机械维修有限公司 | Automobile exhaust treatment device |
CN114370314A (en) * | 2022-01-05 | 2022-04-19 | 天津大学 | Nitrogen oxide bypass trapping regeneration device and control method |
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DE102004030575A1 (en) * | 2003-07-02 | 2005-02-03 | Detroit Diesel Corp., Detroit | A compact twin-section NOx absorber catalyst apparatus and system, and methods of using the same |
DE102010014468A1 (en) | 2010-04-09 | 2011-10-13 | Umicore Ag & Co. Kg | Process for the reduction of nitrous oxide in the exhaust aftertreatment of lean burn engines |
WO2013079117A1 (en) | 2011-12-01 | 2013-06-06 | Umicore Ag & Co. Kg | Method for operating exhaust gas purification systems |
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DE19918756A1 (en) * | 1999-04-24 | 2000-10-26 | Volkswagen Ag | Exhaust catalyst system includes three-way catalyst removing reductants carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons, followed by two nitrogen oxide storage catalysts optimized for operation at different temperatures |
DE102004030575A1 (en) * | 2003-07-02 | 2005-02-03 | Detroit Diesel Corp., Detroit | A compact twin-section NOx absorber catalyst apparatus and system, and methods of using the same |
DE102010014468A1 (en) | 2010-04-09 | 2011-10-13 | Umicore Ag & Co. Kg | Process for the reduction of nitrous oxide in the exhaust aftertreatment of lean burn engines |
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DE102018101665A1 (en) | 2018-01-25 | 2019-07-25 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Device and method for exhaust aftertreatment of an internal combustion engine |
DE102018203300A1 (en) * | 2018-03-06 | 2019-09-12 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Controlling an exhaust aftertreatment |
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DE102018203300B4 (en) | 2018-03-06 | 2023-07-06 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Arrangement of an internal combustion engine with an exhaust tract, motor vehicle and method for controlling exhaust gas aftertreatment |
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