DE102015115511A1 - Transparent protection compound - Google Patents

Abstract

A transparent composite comprising brittle fracture-material disks which are interconnected by transparent plastic layers, comprising an impact-side composite part arranged on the impact side and a spall-liner composite part facing away from the impact side (E), and further comprising an inner fiber disposed between the composite composite part and the spall-liner composite part A composite part, and further comprising a disposed between the inner composite part and the spall-liner composite part rear composite part, wherein the rear composite part comprises at least a first brittle fracture single disc, which is connected to the Spall-Liner composite part, and wherein this Brödbruchmaterialeinzelscheibe the rear composite part a prestressed , in particular chemically tempered, glass pane, and wherein the inner composite part at least a first, the impact side facing (E) arranged brittle fracture material Einzelzelscheibe and a z 2, 1 to 4: 1, wherein the thickness ratio of the thickness of the first brittle fracture material single disc of the inner composite part and the thickness of the second brittle fracture material single disc of the inner composite part is 1.2: 1 to 4: 1.

Description

The invention relates to a transparent composite, designed as a laminate of brittle fracture and plastic materials, which is preferably used as protective glazing, in particular in armored vehicles, mobile protective elements or industrial security areas and must withstand extreme thermal and ballistic attacks there.

Transparent ballistic impact protection, such as rifle ammunition and splinters, is commonly made as a composite with one another by plastic films or cast resin layers of laminated glass plates. Among other things, the use of float glass, eg soda-lime glass and, in the case of thicker composites, low-iron soda-lime glass is known as the glass material because of the required transmission. Furthermore, other types of glass, for example borosilicate glass (eg BOROFLOAT ^® SCHOTT AG), alkali containing aluminosilicate glasses, alkali-free aluminosilicate glasses, or the like are suitable.

Upon impact of a projectile or splitter on such a composite, the impact triggers a shock wave, which runs at a higher speed than the projectile vertically into the laminate and thus can lead to projectile damage leading to. It is to be regarded as disadvantageous that the projectile is slowed down less by the damaged material than by intact material. Multilayer laminated safety glass can be reinforced by increasing the number of layers. However, this increases their area-related weight.

In general, transparent protective devices on vehicles in the upper region of the vehicle, often above the center of gravity, arranged. This means that a higher weight of the transparent protection can reduce the driving stability on bad roads and cornering. Therefore, in addition to the sufficient protective effect, in particular for use in vehicles, the lowest possible basis weight of the composites desirable because this also contribute to a lower overall weight of the vehicle and thus increase the payload of the vehicle.

To reduce the basis weight of the transparent protection is the reduction of the thickness, which is accompanied by a reduction of the protective effect, or the partial or complete use of brittle materials with relatively low density, such as alumino or borosilicate glass, glass ceramic, transparent ceramics or crystalline materials , known as sapphire. For reasons of cost and due to other technical challenges that have not yet been solved, the rather expensive, highly protective transparent ceramics and crystalline materials are hardly used.

It is also known to improve the ballistic resistance of composite panes for vehicles and other safety-related equipment, e.g. Laminate plastic polycarbonate sheets as protective elements on the internal composite pane.

It is also known to increase the strength of the glass sheets to be bonded to use chemically tempered or chemically tempered glasses, which by an ion exchange between alkali ions in the glass and e.g. Potassium is caused in a salt bath. The larger potassium ions cause a desired compressive stress in the glass surface. This additional compressive stress increases the flexural strength of the glass by its amount.

In DE 10 2010 009 584 A1 describes how different values of the chemical bias in different glasses can be realized economically.

In WO 2006/135832 A2 describes glass-sapphire laminates which prevent a 7.62 × 54R B32 projectile from being shot through at a speed of 858 m / s and a thickness of less than 60 mm. Sapphire is a complex and expensive to produce material.

Documents US 3,864,204 and US 4,130,684 describe systems of four or more disks of the same thickness. In this case, in a side facing the action, the so-called "strike face", four or more relatively thick glass plates, each of the same thickness, and thin polyvinyl butyral (PVB) layers are arranged between them.

The document DE 9218849 U1 calls borosilicate glass as part of laminated safety glass. In this case, borosilicate glass panes with a thickness of 6.5 mm are connected to casting resin intermediate layers with a thickness of about 1 mm.

In document DE 2 758 581 B1 describes a laminated windshield of a vehicle in which a 2 to 5 mm thick outer pane made of normally cooled silicate glass with a less than 1.5 mm thick inner pane of differentiated chemically toughened silicate glass is connected via a plastic intermediate layer. This is to reduce head injuries should passengers be thrown from the inside against the protective screen.

Out DE 42 36 233 A1 a bulletproof glass pane for a motor vehicle is known, which are composed of at least two glass blocks, each having a first glass pane, a polycarbonate plate and a second glass pane, and another glass block having a glass pane and at least one polycarbonate plate, which faces the vehicle interior. Between the glass blocks, a gas-filled gap is provided in each case.

The document EP 0 884 289 A1 discloses a glass laminate for vehicles comprising at least two sheets of glass with at least one intermediate layer, the outermost single layer in the laminate being an aluminosilicate glass. This aluminosilicate glass can be chemically tempered.

Out DE 23 47 955 C2 For example, an impact resistant glazing panel consisting of at least three sheets of vitreous material is known, the panels having different thicknesses and arranged in thickness so that a thinner one follows a thicker one. At least the first of the discs is chemically biased.

The document DE 2020 8085 U1 refers to laminated safety glass consisting of several interconnected glass and / or plastic sheets bonded together by transparent high-impact thermoplastic films or thermosetting resins. Seen from the bombardment direction, the laminated safety washers disclosed therein have a borosilicate glass portion positioned in front of a float glass portion, the borosilicate glass sheets being thicker than the thinnest float glass sheet but thinner than the thickest float glass sheet.

WO 2011/120680 A1 describes composites of at least four brittle-transparent discs, which are interconnected by means of transparent intermediate layers of organic polymers. The composites have a total thickness of at least 60 mm. At a distance of 6 mm to 15 mm from the impact side, the surface facing the impact side of a first chemically prestressed brittle disk is arranged in the laminate. This disk is separated by a 1 to 10 mm thick polymer layer from the next brittle fracture disk.

The document DE 10 2012 215 864 A1 describes a protective laminate with at least one chemically tempered pane which has a thickness d in the area of the impact side of the projectile, a compressive stress of the surface CS, a thickness of the prestressed layer DOL and a tensile stress in the inner CT. The tensile stress in the inner CT fulfills the following condition: 0 <CT <CS / 50.

DE 10 2012 218 115 A1 describes a transparent protective laminate which has at least one glass pane in the region of the impact side of the projectile, which consists of glass which is phase-separated or chemically or thermally prestressed.

EP 2 191 962 B1 describes a transparent protective laminate comprising at least one transparent pane of lithium aluminosilicate glass ceramic with a composition and high quartz mixed crystal as main crystal phase having a thickness in the range between 2 and 20 mm and optionally at least one additional pane of borosilicate glass, soda-lime glass, aluminosilicate glass or chemically or thermally toughened borosilicate glass, aluminosilicate glass or soda lime glass having a thickness in the range of 3 to 20 mm and further at least one disc of polycarbonate, polyacrylic, especially polymethyl methacrylate, cellulose acetate butyrate, nylon, polyolefin, polyester, polyurethane and mixtures thereof a thickness in the range of 3 to 15 mm.

The font WO 2008/130457 describes in general terms a protective laminate with a glass ceramic impact side, a backing made of chip-resistant material and intervening layers of brittle fracture material, in particular glass or glass ceramic with thicknesses of between 5 and 50 mm per layer, and plastics as intermediate layers.

In document US 2013/0302581 A1 a bent bullet-proof composite is described, in which at least one in itself flat glass sheet, which for the purpose of chemical bias a Ion exchange process has been subjected, as the impact side mechanically on a curved laminate core, in particular borosilicate glass panes and plastic liners, is curved and connected to the latter by adhesive.

EP 0302959 A1 describes a bulletproof composite having a plurality of polycarbonate sheets laminated on a block of glass as an anti-shattering layer.

The invention is based on the object to provide laminated safety glass with improved properties. Another object of the present invention is to overcome the mentioned disadvantages.

These and other objects are achieved by the appended independent claims. Preferred embodiments may be taken from the appended dependent claims.

The objects described herein are advantageously achieved by a transparent composite according to claim 1.

Such a transparent composite according to claim 1 has brittle fracture material disks which are interconnected by transparent plastic layers and comprises an impact-side composite part arranged on the impact side and a spall-liner composite part facing away from the impact side (E), and further comprises an interconnected part and spall-liner composite. Composite disposed inner composite part, and further comprising a disposed between the inner composite part and the Spall-liner composite part rear composite part, wherein the rear composite part comprises at least one brittle fracture single disc, which is connected to the Spall-liner composite part, preferably by a plastic layer, and wherein the brittle fracture material of the rear composite part is a prestressed, in particular chemically tempered, glass pane, and wherein the inner composite part at least a first, the impact side facing (E) arrange a brittle-brittle material single disc and a second brittle-brittle material single disc arranged thereafter, which are interconnected by a plastic layer, and wherein a thickness ratio of the thickness of the first brittle fracture material single disc of the inner composite part and the thickness of the second brittle fracture material single disc of the inner composite part is 1.2: 1 to 4: 1 amounts to.

If in the context of the present application of "impact" is mentioned, the penetration or the bombardment of the composite, for example, by a projectile or splinter, meant before the / the transparent composite intended to protect. By "direction of action" or "projectile penetration direction" is meant the direction in which the penetration is directed to the transparent composite. The "direction of action" or "projectile penetration direction" thus describes the direction in which a projectile or splitter falls on the transparent composite or penetrates into the transparent composite.

When in the context of the present application of an "impact side" and / or "(E)" is mentioned, that page of the transparent composite according to the invention is meant, which is directed against the intended purpose of the transparent composite of a penetration. In other words, the "impact side" and / or "(E)" is the firing side or penetration side on which penetration is to act or bounce first. The term "protection direction" in the context of the present application is the direction away from the impact side (E) and in the direction of the one to be protected and, when arranged as intended, behind the composite, ie the "protective side" (S). Accordingly, a layer arranged on the "action side" is to be understood as the layer which faces the penetration.

The term "protective side" and / or (S) preferably designates the side of the composite according to the invention facing away from the impact side (E), on which the object to be protected and / or the person to be protected is located, when used as intended.

If in the context of the present application of a "first", "second", "third", etc. or "last" layer or disc is mentioned, this refers to the arrangement of the layer or disc in the direction of action, ie from (E ) to (S). For example. a first disc of a composite part is the disc arranged on the action side of the composite part, a second disc is the disc arranged directly in the direction of action of the first disc, etc.

If, in the context of the present application, a "composite part" is mentioned, then this designates preferably a ballistic functional unit of the composite. The composite parts together form the composite as a whole.

• – Ein einwirkungsseitiger Verbundteil, welcher den ersten Kontakt des Verbundes mit dem penetrierenden Objekt vermittelt. Üblicherweise, stellt die der Einwirkung zugewandte, äußerste, freie Oberfläche des einwirkungsseitigen Verbundteiles die Einwirkungsseite des Verbundes dar, die sog. Aufprall-Schicht bzw. das sog. „Strikeface“. Es ist im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung jedoch nicht ausgeschlossen, dass diese Oberfläche des einwirkungsseitigen Verbundteiles selbst bspw. einen Überzug oder eine Beschichtung der einwirkungsseitig allerersten Sprödbruchmaterialeeinzelscheibe darstellt;
• – weiter ein innerer Verbundteil, welcher mit einem penetrierenden Objekt wechselwirkt und bevorzugt dessen kinetische Energie mindert;
• – weiter ein rückwärtiger Verbundteil, welcher mit einem penetrierenden Objekt bevorzugt erst im Falle tiefer Penetration wechselwirkt, anderenfalls jedoch nicht penetriert wird; und
• – ein Spall-Liner-Verbundteil, welcher die kinetische Energie gegebenenfalls auftretender Sprödbruchmaterialsplitter aus vorhergehenden Verbundteilen oder abgebremster Projektile oder deren Fragmente vermindert, bevorzugt im Wesentlichen vollständig verzehrt und dadurch ein zu schützendes Objekt oder Person vor Schädigung bewahrt. Die der Einwirkungsseite abgewandte, und bevorzugt äußere und freie Oberfläche des Spall-Liner-Verbundteiles stellt üblicherweise die Schutzseite (S) des Verbundes dar.

The composite according to the invention, as seen in the penetration direction (E) according to (S), can preferably be subdivided into the following composite parts:

• - An impact-side composite part, which mediates the first contact of the composite with the penetrating object. Usually, the action-facing, outermost, free surface of the impact-side composite part is the impact side of the composite, the so-called impact layer or the so-called "strike face". However, it is not excluded in the context of the present invention that this surface of the impact-side composite part itself, for example, a coating or a coating of the action side very first Brödbruchmaterialezelscheibe represents;
• - Furthermore, an inner composite part, which interacts with a penetrating object and preferably reduces its kinetic energy;
• - Furthermore, a rear composite part, which preferably interacts with a penetrating object only in the case of deep penetration, but otherwise is not penetrated; and
• - A spall-liner composite part, which reduces the kinetic energy possibly occurring brittle fracture material splinters from previous composite parts or braked projectiles or fragments thereof, preferably substantially completely consumed and thereby protects an object or person to be protected from damage. The side facing away from the impact side, and preferably outer and free surface of the Spall-Liner composite part usually represents the protective side (S) of the composite.

The protective effect of generic composites is usually determined and classified according to standardized procedures, as described for example in the standards, regulations or test guidelines. " DIN 1063 - Security glazing "," NATO Standardization Agreement STANAG 4569 " respectively. " NATO Allied Engineering Publication AEP-55 (Volume 1, Edition 1 or Edition 2) "Or" General Testing Principles for Ballistic Material, Design and Product Testing VPAM APR 2006 "Are shown. In doing so, the composite must withstand the impact loads such that the projectiles neither pass through nor exude particles from the protection device that would cause injury or substantial damage to persons or objects behind the protection device.

It has surprisingly been found that a transparent composite according to the present invention meets the requirements of VPAM APR 2006 Version 2 (dated 30.11.2014), test level 10 , is sufficient and in particular bullet-resistant at an impact angle (ATW) of the projectile from 60 ° to 90 °, which corresponds to an impact angle of 0 to 30 ° (NATO) (for the definition of an angle, see Annex 2 of the VPAM APR 2006 Version 2 (from 30.11.2014) ). Surprisingly, the composite according to the invention shows particularly favorable action against the hard core projectiles (7.62 × 54R API B32) mentioned in the abovementioned test guideline, in particular with regard to the resistance to the multiple bombardment required there. Preferably, the transparent composite just meets these requirements with respect to the penetration resistance at impact angles of> 70 ° to 90 ° (impact angle from 0 to <20 ° (NATO)), particularly preferably at impact angles of ≥ 75 ° to 90 ° (angle of attack of 0 up to ≤ 15 ° (NATO)).

According to the invention, the rear composite part comprises at least one brittle fracture single disc, which is connected to the spall-liner composite part by a plastic layer, and which is a prestressed, in particular chemically tempered, glass sheet. In a further embodiment of the transparent composite of the present invention, the rear composite part comprises two to five brittle fractions of individual slices interconnected by plastic layers. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the rear composite portion of the transparent composite of the present invention comprises at least one further impact (E) facing brittle fracture single disc bonded to the at least one brittle fracture single disc of the composite recontact member bonded to the spall-liner composite portion through a plastic layer is also connected by another plastic layer. However, it should be understood that according to the invention at least the last brittle fracture material single disc of the rear composite part, so the brittle fracture single disc, which is connected to the Spall-liner composite part by a plastic layer, a prestressed, in particular chemically tempered, glass sheet. It is also within the scope of the present inventions that also other brittle fracture individual disks of the rear composite part are prestressed, in particular chemically tempered, glass panes. In particular, according to one embodiment of the present invention, each of the brittle fracture individual disks of the rear composite member may be a tempered, in particular chemically tempered, glass sheet.

Preferably, the rear composite part comprises exactly two brittle fracture single disks, namely a first brittle fracture single disk facing the impact side (E) and a second brittle fracture single disk disposed between the brittle fracture single disk and the spall-liner composite part, these first and second brittle fracture single disks being connected by a plastic layer and wherein at least the second brittle fracture single disk arranged between the brittle break single disk and the spall-liner composite part is a prestressed, in particular chemically tempered, glass sheet.

It has been found that the advantage according to the invention of an improved effect of the composite according to the invention against penetration can be achieved by configuring the rear composite part of the composite according to the invention such that the closure of the brittle fracture parts in the side facing away from the protective side, ie the side facing away from the impact side (E) rear composite part is particularly flexible designed. In other words, the advantageous properties of the composite according to the invention against penetration are achieved, in particular, by the fact that the brittle fracture single disc of the rear composite, in case it has exactly one brittle fracture single disc, or at least the last one of the brittle fracture single discs of the rear composite, in case this more than has a brittle fracture single disc, a prestressed, in particular chemically tempered, glass is.

In particular, it is advantageous to increase the bending elasticity in the rear composite part in the penetration direction (E) to (S) from disk to disk.

It has been found that this can be done particularly advantageous by juxtaposing discs with different bias in the rear composite part. In this case, the brittle fractions of a single material disc can be biased in particular chemically or thermally, with chemically prestressed brittle fracture material Einzelzelscheibe are preferred. Consist one or more of the rear Sprödbruchmaterialeinzelscheiben composite part from a pre-stressed glass, in particular chemically strengthened glass, it is particularly preferred that their respective Vorspannungskennwert K _CS increases in penetration direction from disk to disk.

The bias characteristic "K _CS " as used herein is the product of bias CS in MPa and the square root of the depth of replacement, or the depth of compressive stress zone DOE, in m, according to Formula 1 shown below:

Table 1 below shows typical values of CS, DOE and associated bias characteristics K _CS . Table 1: CS [MPa] DOE [μm] √DOE [m ^0.5 ] K _CS [MPa · m ^0.5] 450 20 0.0000200 2.01 650 10 0.0000100 2.06 700 50 0.0000500 4.95 800 70 0.0000700 6.69 830 45 0.0000450 5.57 850 50 0.0000500 6.01 870 67 0.0000670 7.12 900 30 0.0000300 4.93 900 50 0.0000500 6.36

The exchange depth DOE describes preferably the thickness of the near-surface zone of the glass in which the concentration of the alkali ions differs substantially from that of the bulk glass, which has thus undergone an alkali ion exchange or a "leaching" in the course of the chemical bias.

In this case, in a particularly preferred embodiment of the transparent composite according to the present invention, the brittle fracture individual disks of the rear composite part in the direction of protection (E) -> (S) increasing prestressing. It should be understood that this is particularly desirable if all the brittle fracture individual disks of the rear composite part are prestressed, in particular chemically tempered, glass panes. However, it should also be understood that the brittle fracture single discs of the rear composite member in protective direction (E) -> (S) have increasing biases if the rear composite member comprises exactly two brittle fracture discs, of which only the last, ie the second, between the first brittle fracture disc and The brittle break single disk arranged in the spall-liner composite part is pretensioned, and the first brittle break single disk arranged on the action side is not a preloaded brittle break single disk.

In a further preferred embodiment, the brittle fracture individual disks of the rear composite part in the protection direction (E) have increasing preload characteristics K _CS . It is preferred that in the rear composite part of the composite according to the invention a plurality of successively arranged Brödbruchmaterialeinzelscheiben with different biasing characteristic K _CS are arranged. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, a plurality of each with a plastic layer Brödbruchmaterialeinzelscheiben are arranged in succession in the penetration direction respectively increasing bias characteristic K _CS in a rear composite part. In particular, the thickness ratio of the thickness of two brittle-fracture-material individual disks arranged downstream in the penetration direction and connected by a plastic layer may preferably be ≥ 1: 1 to 2: 1.

In a preferred embodiment, the thickness ratio of the thickness of two in the rear composite part in the penetration direction subsequently arranged and connected to each other by a plastic layers Brödbruchmaterialeinzelscheiben in the penetration direction to each other ≥ 1: 1 to 2: 1. Thus, for example, in such a case, the thickness of the first to the thickness of the second brittle fracture material disc of the rear composite member and / or, if present, the thickness of the second to the thickness of the third brittle fracture material disc of the rear composite member, etc., has a thickness ratio of ≥ 1: 1 to 2: 1 up.

More preferably, the rear composite part comprises exactly three brittle fracture material individual slices, more precisely a first brittle fracture brittle single disk facing the inner composite part, a second brittle fracture brittle single disk facing the spall-liner composite part and a third intervening one connected by plastic layers and a thickness ratio among each other 2 ... ≥ 1: 2 ... ≥ 1: 1, for example, [6.5mm]: [5mm]: [5mm] or [5mm]: [5mm]: [3mm], etc.

Preferably, the preload rating "K _CS " of the first chemically tempered wheel of the rear composite member is at least 2, more preferably at least 4, even more preferably at least 5.0, even more preferably at least 5.5, at least 6.0, and at least 7.0. Preferably, the preload rating "K _CS " of the last chemically tempered disc of the rear composite member in the penetration direction is at least 2, more preferably at least 4, even more preferably at least 5.0, even more preferably at least 5.5, at least 6.0 and at least 7, 0th

More preferably, the rear composite part comprises exactly three brittle fracture single disks, more precisely a first brittle fracture material single disk facing the inner composite part, a second brittle fracture material single disk facing the spall-liner composite part and a third intervening one interconnected by plastic layers. The thickness ratio of these three brittle fracture material individual slices in this sequence is - from the penetration direction 2 ... ≥ 1: 2 ... ≥ 1: 1, eg [5]: [5]: [3]. The preload rating "K _CS " of these three brittle fractions of material slices in this sequence is 5.5: 5.5: 6.01 in the penetration direction.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the transparent composite of the present invention, the thickness of the rear composite part is 10 to 25% of the total thickness of the composite. This has proven to be particularly advantageous for the effectiveness and in particular an advantageously low basis weight of the present composite.

In a further particularly preferred embodiment of the transparent composite according to the present invention, the impact-side composite part comprises at least one brittle fracture material disc or a laminate of at least two, preferably exactly two brittle fracture material discs, which are each connected to one another by a plastic layer. In a further embodiment, at least one of the brittle fracture material disks of the impact-side composite part is a prestressed, preferably thermally or chemically, more preferably chemically tempered, brittle fracture material disk.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the transparent composite of the present invention, the impact-side composite part has a thickness of less than 15 mm, preferably less than 12 mm, more preferably less than 10 mm, most preferably less than 8 mm. In this case, the impact-side composite part further preferably consist of at least one brittle fracture material disc or a laminate of at least two or three brittle fracture material slices, which are each connected by plastic layers.

It is particularly advantageous if at least one of the brittle fracture material disks of the impact-side composite part is a chemically tempered glass pane. A chemical tempering of glass sheets improves their flexural strength so that they have better resistance to impact. It is preferred that in the impact-side composite part there is a laminate of at least two or three brittle fracture-material disks, each interconnected by plastic layer (s), with at least one and up to three brittle-fracture-material disks being toughened glass sheets. The composite according to the invention preferably has an impact-side composite part whose thickness is less than 15% of the total thickness of the composite, more preferably the thickness of the impact-side composite part is less than 10% of the total thickness of the composite. This has proven to be particularly advantageous for the effectiveness and in particular an advantageously low basis weight of the present composite. Furthermore, the composite according to the invention may have an impact-side composite part which has a decoration. Likewise, the impact-side composite part of a composite according to the invention can be equipped with a heating layer. The heating layer itself is carried out, for example, by means of a transparent conductive coating provided with corresponding contacts on one of the brittle fracture material disks or on one of the plastic layers connecting it within the contact-side composite part. Furthermore, the heating layer can also be formed by appropriately contacted heating wires, which are embedded in one of the plastic layers of the impact side composite part.

It should be understood in this context that when hitting named projectiles on the so-called "Strikeface" these are stripped, i. the metal sheath surrounding the hard core, e.g. made of tombac, brass, copper or steel, is deformed; the possibly contained fire charge is ignited and the contained hard core, for example of hardened steel, penetrates with its high kinetic energy into deeper layers of the composite. First, it penetrates the impact-side composite part. Due to the interaction of the projectile and its impact, a shock wave is triggered, which passes through the composite at about the speed of sound. The brittle fracture material contained in the composite experiences an elastic / plastic deformation and can possibly break if critical values are exceeded. It is desirable that the brittle fracture material of the composite is destroyed as possible only when in contact with the projectile or with the penetrating hard core and not already by the effect of the projectile or hard core leading or reflected from the back of the composite return shock wave or even torn by superposition of these two waves. The hard core is braked by frictional forces with the brittle fracture material, but especially with splinters thereof resulting from the bombardment. The energy transfer is considerable, manifests itself by local heating and possibly even leads to a sintering of brittle fracture material with the hard core. This interaction is desirable because it converts and slows down the kinetic energy of the penetrator. Decisive for the braking effect on the penetrating hard core is how strong the local fragments are kept in contact with the projectile (so-called "Confinement"). The closer this contact, so a higher confinement, the better the braking effect, the projectile / hard core learns.

The transparent composite according to the invention particularly advantageously achieves a relatively high degree of confinement. In particular, this can also be achieved by allowing brittle fractions of smaller thickness to follow those of higher thickness (in the ballistic penetration direction from (E) to (S)) in a particularly advantageous thickness ratio of 1.2: 1 to 4: 1. In this case, the higher bending elasticity of the subsequent thinner brittle fracture disk is exploited, which therefore absorb deformation forces undestroyed and the splinters of the projectile can be destroyed if necessary destroyed thicker previous disc. With regard to an advantageous as in the following described as successive disk sequence in the inner composite part is to be understood that in particular the supporting effect of a the thinner disc seen in the ballistic penetration direction, if appropriate, subsequently thicker disc, which, although having a lower flexural elasticity, but a higher stability, ensures the above-described advantages in the case of multiple firing.

According to the invention, the inner composite part of the composite according to the invention comprises at least a first, face facing brittle material singlet and a second brittle breaking material single slice arranged adjacent to the brittle break material single disc joined by a plastic layer, and a thickness ratio of the thickness of the first brittle fracture material single disc of the inner composite part and the thickness of the second brittle breaking material single disc of the inner composite part is 1.2: 1 to 4: 1. It should be understood that the inner composite part thus comprises a number of brittle fracture material discs, which are connected to each other by plastic layer (s). Surprisingly, it has been found that the thickness ratio of the respective successive brittle fracture material slices in the inner composite part can advantageously improve the balancing effect of the composite, in particular with regard to multiple firing. A ratio of the thickness of a first brittle fracture single disc of the inner composite member following in the penetration direction of the impact-side composite part to the thickness of the further brittle fracture single disc of the inner composite part successively arranged in the penetration direction and bonded to this first brittle fracture single disc by a plastic layer of 1.2: 1 to 4: 1 is particularly effective advantageous properties.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the transparent composite according to the present invention, the inner composite part comprises a first, facing the action side (E) arranged first Brödbruchmaterialeinzelscheibe and a second, the Brödbruchmaterialeinzelscheibe subsequently arranged second Brödbruchmaterialeinzelscheibe interconnected by a plastic layer, and wherein a Thickness ratio of the thickness of the first brittle fracture material single disc and the thickness of the second brittle fracture material disc is 10: 8, 10: 9, 11: 8, 11: 9, 12: 8, 13: 7, 15: 5 or 16: 4. In a corresponding manner in the penetration direction subsequently arranged brittle fracture slices in the inner composite part in turn preferably also in pairs preferred also the same thickness ratio of 1.2 to 4: 1 as the two brittle fracture slices directly follow the impact side composite part in the direction of penetration. Thus, according to the invention, it is preferable for the inner composite part to have an even number of successive brittle fracture material slices of different thickness, which in pairs have a thickness ratio of [(1,2 ... 4): 1]: [(1,2 ... 4): 1 ], in particular [10: 8, 10: 9, 11: 8, 11: 9, 12: 8, 13: 7, 15: 5 or 16: 4]: [10: 8, 10: 9, 11: 8, 11: 9, 12: 8, 13: 7, 15: 5 or 16: 4].

It is particularly preferred if such a transparent composite further comprises at least one further pair of brittle fracture material discs between the second brittle fracture material disc of the first brittle fracture material disc pair and the spall-liner composite part, the first of the two brittle fracture material discs of that further pair and the second brittle fracture material disc of that further pair through a plastic layer ( 6d ) are connected in a thickness ratio, so that the thickness of the first brittle single disc of this further pair to the thickness of the second brittle fracture single disc of this further pair to each other in the ratio of 1.2: 1 to 4: 1.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the transparent composite of the present invention, the thickness of the inner composite part is 50 to 80% of the total thickness of the composite. With such a thickness of the inner composite part to the total thickness of the composite, a particularly advantageous effectiveness against penetration can be achieved.

In a preferred embodiment of the transparent composite of the present invention, the material of each of the brittle fracture sheets of the impact-side composite, inner composite and rear composite is selected individually and independently from borosilicate glass, alkali aluminosilicate glass, alkali-free aluminosilicate glass, soda-lime glass, flint glass, Crown glass, glass ceramic, crystallized glass or phase-separated glass.

Preferably, the material of a brittle fracture material disc is a borosilicate glass. It should be understood in this context that any brittle fracture disk of material present in the composite and in any composite part may be borosilicate glass. Preference is given to the brittle fracture material disks of the inner composite part made of borosilicate glass. Characteristic of borosilicate glass, for example borosilicate glass BOROFLOAT ^® of SCHOTT AG, is the essential part of boric acid as the glass former, that is preferably a proportion of B ₂ O ₃ in an Borosilikatglasscheibe is more than 7%. Borosilicate glass panes are advantageous because of their relatively low basis weight and the composites of the invention compared conventional composite disks of the same thickness significantly reduced in weight and also have advantageous low thermal expansion. In addition, borosilicate glasses have a high thermo-mechanical strength with the highest chemical resistance of the glass surfaces.

Characteristic of alkali aluminosilicate glasses is their good, achieved by ion exchange chemical prestressing. Prominent representatives of this glass class as "Gorilla Glass ^®" (Corning) or "Dragon Trail ^®" (Asahi Glass Co.) and Xensation Cover ^® (SCHOTT AG).

Connecting surface, the material of each transparent plastic layer, the adjacent Sprödbruchmaterialeinzelscheiben within a composite part or two adjacent composite parts together, can individually and independently be selected from polyvinyl butyral (PVB), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), thermoplastic silicone films (eg TECTOSIL ^® ), Epoxy adhesives, acrylate dispersion adhesives. Also, the material of a plastic sheet may be selected from polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), Polymethylenmethacrylat (PMMA; Plexiglas ^®, for example), cyclo-olefin copolymer, or ionomer (for example, Sentry-Glass ^®). It should also be understood in this context that both the brittle fracture material individual slices within a composite part, ie the impact-side composite part, the inner composite part and the rear composite part and / or an anti-shattering layer are connected by one or more plastic layers with each other, as well as the adjacent brittle fractions single slices of two adjacent composite parts are flat connected by one or more transparent plastic layers. It is preferred that the thickness of a brittle fracture material disc is greater than the thickness of the adjacent plastic layers. More preferably, the thickness of a brittle fracture disc is greater than twice the thickness of the adjacent plastic layers with which it is attached to the brittle fracture disc viewed in the ballistic penetration direction. As a result, stresses which are caused by different thermal expansion coefficients of brittle fracture material and polymer are taken up sufficiently.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the transparent composite of the present invention, the composite has a spall-liner composite part, which is arranged on the side facing away from the impact side E, comprising a splinter protection layer (the so-called "spall-liner"). Such an anti-splintering layer is arranged closest to the object to be protected in the direction of penetration. Preferably, this splinter protection layer is connected to one or more plastic layers with the rear composite part. More preferably, the spall-liner comprises a material selected from impact-resistant plastic, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polymethylene methacrylate, cyclo-olefin copolymer or ionomer. The layer preferably consists of an abovementioned material and, in a particularly preferred embodiment, is treated to improve the abrasion-resistance on the protective-side surface. Preferably, the thickness of the spall-liner composite part is less than 10% of the total thickness of the composite.

In a further embodiment of the composite according to the invention, the transparent composite is flat. Additionally or alternatively, the composite may be at least partially curved.

Preferably, the total thickness of the transparent composite is less than 85 mm, less than 80 mm, less than 75 mm, less than 72.5 mm, less than 70 mm, preferably less than 68 mm. In this way, in particular a relatively low basis weight of the composite according to the invention can be achieved.

The composite according to the invention has a relatively low basis weight in the case of an advantageous activity in comparison to a penetration. A basis weight of the composite according to the invention is preferably less than 155 kg / m ² , less than 150 kg / m ² , less than 147.5 kg / m ² , preferably less than 145 kg / m ² .

In the context of the present application, a composite according to the invention is to be used with particular advantage as protective glazing, safety glass, bulletproof glass or the like. The composite according to the invention can be used particularly advantageously as vehicle glazing or fire-resistant glazing.

The objects underlying the invention are also achieved by a protective glazing according to claim 13. Such a protective glazing, in particular armored glass, comprises a transparent composite according to the present invention. In particular, such a protective glazing can be an armored glass pane. A protective glazing according to the present invention may be flat, or additionally or alternatively at least partially curved. This is particularly advantageous for use as protective glazing of a vehicle.

The objects underlying the invention are also achieved by a mobile protective element according to claim 14. Such a mobile protective element comprises a transparent composite and / or a protective glazing according to the present invention. The mobile protection element is advantageous in accordance with the requirements of the test directive "General Test Principles for Ballistic Material, Design and Product Testing" VPAM APR 2006 Version 2 (30.11.2014), test level 10 , bullet resistant.

The objects underlying the invention are also achieved by a vehicle according to claim 15. Such a vehicle has at least one transparent composite or at least one protective glazing according to the present invention. In particular, such a vehicle according to the present invention may be a specially protected vehicle. In this case, the use of the composite according to the invention allows the vehicle in the transparent area at least corresponding Test stage 10 according to the test guideline "Special Protected Vehicles" VPAM BRV 2006 Version 2 (31.01.2014) bullet resistant. In particular, however, the armoring in the transparent region carried out by a protective glazing according to the invention or a composite according to the invention is preferably less than 155 kg / m ² , less than 150 kg / m ² , less than 147.5 kg / m ² due to a relatively low basis weight. preferably less than 145 kg / m ² and / or a total thickness of preferably less than 85 mm, less than 80 mm, less than 75 mm, less than 72.5 mm, less than 70 mm, preferably less than 68 mm, advantageously because a lighter weight of the transparent protection that is made possible by this increases the driving stability on bad roads and when cornering. Therefore, in addition to the advantageous protective effect, in particular for use in vehicles, also allows a lower overall weight of the vehicle and thus advantageously increases the payload of the vehicle, if necessary.

All described embodiments of the present invention have the advantage that the transparent composite according to the invention, or a protective glazing comprising such a composite, a mobile protective element or a vehicle according to the present invention at least in the transparent area meets the requirements of VPAM APR 2006 Version 2 (30.11.2014), test level 10 , in particular at an angle of incidence of the projectile from 60 ° to 90 ° is sufficient and bullet-resistant.

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples, which may result in further features, embodiments and advantages.

Show

1 schematically and not to scale an inventive embodiment of a transparent composite ( 1 ) according to the present invention;

2 A first embodiment of a transparent composite according to the invention ( 1.1 ) according to the present invention;

3 A second embodiment according to the invention of a transparent composite ( 1.2 ) according to the present invention;

4 A third embodiment of a transparent composite according to the invention ( 1.3 ) according to the present invention;

5 A fourth embodiment of a transparent composite according to the invention ( 1.4 ) according to the present invention;

6 A fifth embodiment of a transparent composite according to the invention ( 1.5 ) according to the present invention; and

7 A sixth embodiment according to the invention of a transparent composite ( 1.6 ) according to the present invention.

Exactly shows 1 schematically and not to scale an inventive embodiment of a transparent composite ( 1 ) according to the present invention.

It can be seen that in general the transparent composite ( 1 ), as in the examples described below, by transparent plastic layers ( 6 ; respectively. 6a to 6h ) Brittle fracture material disks ( 7 ) and a layer forming the spall-liner ( 8th ), consisting of impact resistant Plastic, includes. The plastic layers ( 6 ; respectively. 6a to 6h ) are in the 2 to 7 for simplicity not with reference numbers.

The composite parts comprise in the projectile penetration direction illustrated by the arrow, in the illustrated perspective from left to right, ie from the impact side (E) to the protective side (S), an impact-side composite part ( 2 ), here by way of example comprising the brittle fracture material disks ( 2a ) and ( 2 B ); an inner composite part ( 3 ), here exemplarily comprising the brittle fracture material individual slices ( 3a ) 3b ) 3c ) and ( 3d ), a rear composite part ( 4 ), here by way of example comprising the brittle fracture material disks ( 4a ) and ( 4b ) and a spall-liner composite part ( 5 ), here by way of example comprising the plastic layer ( 6h ) and the layer forming the spall-liner ( 8th ).

All embodiments of transparent composites according to the invention described in the following examples fulfill the requirements for bullet resistance VPAM APR 2006 Version 2 (30.11.2014), test level 10 , at an impact angle of the projectile from 60 ° to 90 ° (corresponding to the angle of incidence 0 ... 30 ° NATO).

example 1

2 shows a first embodiment of a transparent composite according to the invention ( 1.1 ) according to the present invention having a total thickness of 64.75 mm and a basis weight of 135.5 kg / m ² .

(2.1)

Einwirkungsseitiger Verbundteil des Beispiels 1, bestehend aus den Sprödbruchmaterialscheiben (2.1a) und (2.1b), einer diese beiden Scheiben verbindenden Kunststofflage sowie einer Kunststofflage, die (2.1b) mit (3.1a) verbindet;

(3.1)

Innerer Verbundteil des Beispiels 1, bestehend aus den Sprödbruchmaterialscheiben (3.1a), (3.1b), (3.1c) und (3.1d), dreier, diese vier Scheiben untereinander verbindenden Kunststofflagen sowie einer Kunststofflage, die (3.1d) mit (4.1a) verbindet;

(4.1)

Rückwärtiger Verbundteil des Beispiels 1, bestehend aus den Sprödbruchmaterialscheiben (4.1a) und (4.1b) sowie einer diese beiden Scheiben verbindenden Kunststofflage;

(5.1):

Spall-Liner-Verbundteil des Beispiels 1, bestehend aus der Spall-Liner-Schicht (8.1) sowie einer diese mit der Sprödbruchmaterialscheibe (4.1b) verbindenden Kunststofflage.

It means:

(2.1)

Impact-side composite part of Example 1, consisting of the brittle fracture material disks ( 2.1a ) and ( 2.1b ), a plastic layer connecting these two disks and a plastic layer which ( 2.1b ) With ( 3.1a ) connects;

(3.1)

Inner composite part of Example 1, consisting of the brittle fracture material disks ( 3.1a ) 3.1b ) 3.1c ) and ( 3.1d ), three, these four discs interconnecting plastic layers and a plastic layer, the ( 3.1d ) With ( 4.1a ) connects;

(4.1)

Rear composite part of Example 1, consisting of the brittle fracture material discs ( 4.1a ) and ( 4.1b ) and a plastic layer connecting these two discs;

(5.1):

Spall-liner composite part of Example 1, consisting of the spall-liner layer ( 8.1 ) and one of these with the brittle fracture material disc ( 4.1b ) connecting plastic layer.

The thickness of the individual composite parts and their proportion of the total thickness of the laminate are shown in Table 2 below: TABLE 2 composite part 2.1 3.1 4.1 5.1 Thickness (in mm) 6.5 40 11.5 4.5 % in relation to the total thickness 10.40 64,00 18.40 7.20

The thickness of the Spall-Liner composite part ( 5.1 ) to the thickness of the actual Spall-Liner-Schicht ( 8.1 ) plus the thickness of the plastic layer with which the spall-liner layer ( 8.1 ) to the brittle fracture material disc ( 4.1b ), as well as the thickness of the impact-side composite part ( 2.1 ) to the thickness of the actual brittle fracture material layers ( 2.1a ) and ( 2.1b ) plus the thickness of the plastic layers, with which these together and to the brittle fracture ( 3.1a ) are connected. All other thicknesses of plastic layers containing the brittle fracture discs ( 3.1a ) 3.1b ) 3.1c ) 3.1d ) 4.1a ) and ( 4.1b ), were disregarded.

All brittle fracture discs ( 2.1a . 2.1b . 3.1a . 3.1b . 3.1c . 3.1d and 4.1a . 4.1b ) consist of BOROFLOAT ^® . In the inner composite part ( 3.1 ) the thickness ratios of the brittle fracture slices are:
( 3.1a ) :( 3.1b ) = 1.25: 1 and ( 3.1c ) :( 3.1d ) = 1.25: 1.

The disks ( 2.1a ) 2.1b ) and ( 4.1b ) are chemically tempered. Disc ( 4.1b ) Has a Vorspannungskennwert of K _{CS, 4.1b} = 2.05 MPa · m ^0.5.

Example 2

3 shows a second embodiment of a transparent composite according to the invention ( 1.2 ) according to the present invention having a total thickness of 64.8 mm and a basis weight of 140.1 kg / m ² .

(2.2)

Einwirkungsseitiger Verbundteil des Beispiels 2, bestehend aus den Sprödbruchmaterialscheiben (2.2a) und (2.2b), einer diese beiden Scheiben verbindenden Kunststofflage sowie einer Kunststofflage, die (2.2b) mit (3.2a) verbindet;

(3.1)

Innerer Verbundteil des Beispiels 2, bestehend aus den Sprödbruchmaterialscheiben (3.2a), (3.2b), (3.2c) und (3.2d), dreier, diese vier Scheiben untereinander verbindenden Kunststofflagen sowie einer Kunststofflage, die (3.2d) mit (4.2a) verbindet;

(4.1)

Rückwärtiger Verbundteil des Beispiels 2, bestehend aus den Sprödbruchmaterialscheiben (4.2a), (4.2b) und (4.2c) sowie zweier diese drei Scheiben verbindenden Kunststofflagen;

(5.1)

Spall-Liner-Verbundteil des Beispiels 2, bestehend aus der Spall-Liner-Schicht (8.2) sowie einer diese mit der Sprödbruchmaterialscheibe (4.2c) verbindenden Kunststofflage

It means:

(2.2)

Impact-side composite part of Example 2, consisting of the brittle fracture material disks ( 2.2a ) and ( 2.2b ), a plastic layer connecting these two disks and a plastic layer which ( 2.2b ) With ( 3.2a ) connects;

(3.1)

Inner composite part of example 2, consisting of the brittle fracture material disks ( 3.2a ) 3.2b ) 3.2c ) and ( 3.2d ), three, these four discs interconnecting plastic layers and a plastic layer, the ( 3.2d ) With ( 4.2a ) connects;

(4.1)

Rear composite part of Example 2, consisting of the brittle fracture material discs ( 4.2a ) 4.2b ) and ( 4.2c ) and two plastic layers connecting these three disks;

(5.1)

Spall-liner composite part of example 2, consisting of the spall-liner layer ( 8.2 ) and one of these with the brittle fracture material disc ( 4.2c ) connecting plastic layer

The thickness of the individual composite parts and their proportion of the total thickness of the laminate are shown in Table 3 below: TABLE 3 composite part 2.2 3.2 4.2 5.2 Thickness (in mm) 6.5 40 14 2.8 % in relation to the total thickness 10.27 63.19 22,12 4.42

The thickness of the Spall-Liner composite part ( 5.2 ) to the thickness of the actual Spall-Liner-Schicht ( 8.2 ) plus the thickness of the plastic layer with which ( 8.2 ) to the brittle fracture material disc ( 4.2c ) and the thickness of the impact-side composite part ( 2.2 ) to the thickness of the actual brittle fracture material layers ( 2.2a ) and ( 2.2b ) plus the thickness of the plastic layers, with which these together and to the brittle fracture ( 3.2a ) are connected. All other thicknesses of plastic layers containing the brittle fracture discs ( 3.2a ) 3.2b ) 3.2c ) 3.2d ) 4.2a ) 4.2b ) and ( 4.1c ), were disregarded.

The brittle fracture discs ( 3.2a ) 3.2b ) 3.2c ) and ( 3.2d ) consist of BOROFLOAT ^® , the discs ( 2.2a ) 2.2b ) 4.2a ) 4.2b ) and ( 4.2c ) of alkali aluminosilicate glass. In the inner composite part ( 3.2 ) the thickness ratios of the brittle fracture slices are:
( 3.2a ) :( 3.2b ) = 1.22: 1 and ( 3.2c ) :( 3.2d ) = 1.25: 1.

The disks ( 2.2a ) 2.2b ) 4.2a ) 4.2b ) and ( 4.2c ) are chemically tempered. Disc ( 4.2c ) has a bias characteristic of K _{CS, 4.2c} = 6.01 MPa · m ^0.5 , disks ( 4.2a ) and ( 4.2b ) were _biased to a preload _rating of K _{CS, 4.2a / b} = 5.50 MPa · m ^0.5 .

Example 3

4 shows a third embodiment of a transparent composite according to the invention ( 1.3 ) according to the present invention having a total thickness of 64.5 mm and a basis weight of 135.5 kg / m ² .

(2.3)

Einwirkungsseitiger Verbundteil des Beispiels 3, bestehend aus den Sprödbruchmaterialscheiben (2.3a) und (2.3b), einer diese beiden Scheiben verbindenden Kunststofflage, sowie einer Kunststofflage, die (2.3b) mit (3.3a) verbindet;

(3.3)

Innerer Verbundteil des Beispiels 3, bestehend aus den Sprödbruchmaterialscheiben (3.3a), (3.3b), (3.3c) und (3.3d), dreier, diese vier Scheiben untereinander verbindenden Kunststofflagen sowie einer Kunststofflage, die (3.3d) mit (4.3a) verbindet;

(4.3)

Rückwärtiger Verbundteil des Beispiels 3, bestehend aus den Sprödbruchmaterialscheiben (4.3a) und (4.3b) sowie einer diese beiden Scheiben verbindenden Kunststofflage;

(5.3):

Spall-Liner-Verbundteil des Beispiels 3, bestehend aus der Spall-Liner-Schicht (8.3) sowie einer diese mit der Sprödbruchmaterialscheibe (4.3b) verbindenden Kunststofflage

It means:

(2.3)

Impact-side composite part of Example 3, consisting of brittle fracture material disks ( 2.3a ) and ( 2.3b ), a plastic layer connecting these two disks, and a plastic layer which ( 2.3b ) With ( 3.3a ) connects;

(3.3)

Inner composite part of example 3, consisting of the brittle fracture material disks ( 3.3a ) 3.3b ) 3.3c ) and ( 3.3d ), three, these four discs interconnecting plastic layers and a plastic layer, the ( 3.3d ) With ( 4.3a ) connects;

(4.3)

Rear composite part of example 3, consisting of the brittle fracture material disks ( 4.3a ) and ( 4.3b ) and a plastic layer connecting these two discs;

(5.3):

Spall-liner composite part of example 3, consisting of the spall-liner layer ( 8.3 ) and one of these with the brittle fracture material disc ( 4.3b ) connecting plastic layer

The thickness of the individual composite parts and their proportion of the total thickness of the laminate are shown in Table 4 below: TABLE 4 composite part 2.3 3.3 4.3 5.3 Thickness (in mm) 6.5 40 11.5 4.0 % in relation to the total thickness 10.4 64,00 18.40 7.20

The thickness of the Spall-Liner composite part ( 5.3 ) to the thickness of the actual Spall-Liner-Schicht ( 8.3 ) plus the thickness of the plastic layer with which ( 8.3 ) to the brittle fracture material disc ( 4.3b ) and the thickness of the impact-side composite part ( 2.3 ) to the thickness of the actual brittle fracture material layers ( 2.3a ) and ( 2.3b ) plus the thickness of the plastic layers, with which these together and to the brittle fracture ( 3.3a ) are connected. All other thicknesses of plastic layers containing the brittle fracture discs ( 3.3a ) 3.3b ) 3.3c ) 3.3d ) 4.3a ) and ( 4.3b ), were disregarded.

All brittle fracture discs ( 2.3a ) 2.3b ) 3.3a ) 3.3b ) 3.3c ) 3.3d ) 4.3a ) and ( 4.3b ) consist of BOROFLOAT ^® . In the inner composite part ( 3.3 ) the thickness ratios of the brittle fracture slices are:
( 3.3a ) :( 3.3b ) = 3: 1 and ( 3.3c ) :( 3.3d ) = 1.25: 1.

The disks ( 2.3a ) 2.3b ) and ( 4.3b ) are chemically tempered. Disc ( 4.3b ) has a bias characteristic of K _{CS, 4.3b} = 2.3 MPa · m ^0.5 .

Example 4

5 shows a fourth embodiment of a transparent composite according to the invention ( 1.4 ) according to the present invention having a total thickness of 63.8 mm and a basis weight of 134.3 kg / m ² .

(2.4)

Einwirkungsseitiger Verbundteil des Beispiels 4, bestehend aus einer Sprödbruchmaterialscheibe (2.4a) sowie einer Kunststofflage, die (2.4a) mit (3.4a) verbindet;

(3.4)

Innerer Verbundteil des Beispiels 4, bestehend aus den Sprödbruchmaterialscheiben (3.4a), (3.4b), (3.4c) und (3.4d), dreier, diese vier Scheiben untereinander verbindenden Kunststofflagen sowie einer Kunststofflage, die (3.4d) mit (4.4a) verbindet;

(4.4)

Rückwärtiger Verbundteil des Beispiels 4, bestehend aus den Sprödbruchmaterialscheiben (4.4a) und (4.4b) sowie einer diese beiden Scheiben verbindenden Kunststofflage;

(5.4):

Spall-Liner-Verbundteil des Beispiels 4, bestehend aus der Spall-Liner-Schicht (8.4) sowie einer diese mit der Sprödbruchmaterialscheibe (4.4b) verbindenden Kunststofflage

It means:

(2.4)

Impact-side composite part of Example 4, consisting of a brittle fracture material disc ( 2.4a ) and a plastic layer which ( 2.4a ) With ( 3.4a ) connects;

(3.4)

Inner composite part of example 4, consisting of the brittle fracture material disks ( 3.4a ) 3.4b ) 3.4c ) and ( 3.4d ), three, these four discs interconnecting plastic layers and a plastic layer, the ( 3.4d ) With ( 4.4a ) connects;

(4.4)

Rear composite part of Example 4, consisting of the brittle fracture material disks ( 4.4a ) and ( 4.4b ) and a plastic layer connecting these two discs;

(5.4):

Spall-liner composite part of example 4, consisting of the spall-liner layer ( 8.4 ) and one of these with the brittle fracture material disc ( 4.4b ) connecting plastic layer

The thickness of the individual composite parts and their proportion of the total thickness of the laminate are shown in Table 5 below: TABLE 5 composite part 2.4 3.4 4.4 5.4 Thickness (in mm) 6.8 38.0 13.0 4.0 % in relation to the total thickness 11.00 61.49 21,04 6.47

The thickness of the Spall-Liner composite part ( 5.4 ) to the thickness of the actual Spall-Liner-Schicht ( 8.4 ) plus the thickness of the plastic layer with which ( 8.4 ) to the brittle fracture material disc ( 4.4b ) and the thickness of the impact-side composite part ( 2.4 ) to the thickness of the actual brittle fracture material layers ( 2.4a ) plus the thickness of the plastic layers, with which these to the brittle fracture material disc ( 3.4a ) is attached. All other thicknesses of plastic layers containing the brittle fracture discs ( 3.4a ) 3.4b ) 3.4c ) 3.4d ) 4.4a ) and ( 4.4b ), were disregarded.

All brittle fracture discs ( 2.4a ) 3.4a ) 3.4b ) 3.4c ) 3.4d ) 4.4a ) and ( 4.4b ) consist of BOROFLOAT ^® . In the inner composite part ( 3.4 ) the thickness ratios of the brittle fracture slices are:
( 3.4a ) :( 3.4b ) = 1.375: 1 and ( 3.4c ) :( 3.4d ) = 1.375: 1.

The disks ( 2.4a ) 4.4a ) and ( 4.4b ) are chemically tempered. Disc ( 4.4b ) has a preload characteristic of K _{CS, 4.4b} = 2.3 MPa · m ^0.5 , disc ( 4.4a ) was _biased to a preload _rating of K _{CS, 4.4a} = 2.0 MPa · m ^0.5 .

Example 5

6 shows a fifth embodiment of a transparent composite according to the invention ( 1.5 ) according to the present invention having a total thickness of 65.5 mm and a basis weight of 147.1 kg / m ² .

(2.5)

Einwirkungsseitiger Verbundteil des Beispiels 5, bestehend aus einer Sprödbruchmaterialscheibe (2.5a) sowie einer Kunststofflage, die (2.5a) mit (3.5a) verbindet;

(3.5)

Innerer Verbundteil des Beispiels 5, bestehend aus den Sprödbruchmaterialscheiben (3.5a), (3.5b), (3.5c) und (3.5d), dreier, diese vier Scheiben untereinander verbindenden Kunststofflagen sowie einer Kunststofflage, die (3.5d) mit (4.5a) verbindet;

(4.5)

Rückwärtiger Verbundteil des Beispiels 5, bestehend aus den Sprödbruchmaterialscheiben (4.5a) und (4.5b) sowie einer diese beiden Scheiben verbindenden Kunststofflage;

(5.5):

Spall-Liner-Verbundteil des Beispiels 5, bestehend aus der Spall-Liner-Schicht (8.5), welche durch einen Acrylatdispersionsklebstoff mit der Sprödbruchmaterialscheibe (4.5b) verbunden ist.

It means:

(2.5)

Impact-side composite part of Example 5, consisting of a brittle fracture material disc ( 2.5a ) and a plastic layer which ( 2.5a ) With ( 3.5a ) connects;

(3.5)

Inner composite part of example 5, consisting of the brittle fracture material disks ( 3.5a ) 3.5b ) 3.5c ) and ( 3.5d ), three, these four discs interconnecting plastic layers and a plastic layer, the ( 3.5d ) With ( 4.5a ) connects;

(4.5)

Rear composite part of Example 5 consisting of the brittle fracture material disks ( 4.5a ) and ( 4.5b ) and a plastic layer connecting these two discs;

(5.5):

Spall-liner composite part of example 5, consisting of the spall-liner layer ( 8.5 ), which by an acrylate dispersion adhesive with the brittle fracture ( 4.5b ) connected is.

The thickness of the individual composite parts and their proportion of the total thickness of the laminate are shown in Table 6 below: TABLE 6 composite part 2.5 3.5 4.5 5.5 Thickness (in mm) 8.0 45.5 10 0.25 % in relation to the total thickness 12.56 71.36 15.68 0.39

The thickness of the Spall-Liner composite part ( 5.5 ) to the thickness of the actual Spall-Liner-Schicht ( 8.5 ) plus the thickness of the acrylate dispersion adhesive with which ( 8.5 ) to the brittle fracture material disc ( 4.5b ) and the thickness of the impact-side composite part ( 2.5 ) to the thickness of the actual brittle fracture material layers ( 2.5a ) plus the thickness of the plastic layers, with which these to the brittle fracture material disc ( 3.5a ) is attached. All other thicknesses of plastic layers containing the brittle fracture discs ( 3.5a ) 3.5b ) 3.5c ) 3.5d ) 4.5a ) and ( 4.5b ), were disregarded.

The brittle fracture discs ( 2.5a ) 3.5a ) 3.5b ) 3.5c ) and ( 3.5d ) consist of BOROFLOAT ^® ; the brittle fracture material discs ( 4.5a ) and ( 4.5b ) of alkali aluminosilicate glass. In the inner composite part ( 3.5 ) the thickness ratios of the brittle fracture slices are:
( 3.5a ) :( 3.5b ) = 2.33: 1 and ( 3.5c ) :( 3.5d ) = 1.38: 1.

The disks ( 4.5a ) and ( 4.5b ) are chemically tempered. Disc ( 4.5a ) has a preload characteristic of K _{CS, 4.5a} = 6.01 MPa · m ^0.5 , disk ( 4.5b ) Was applied to a Vorspannungskennwert of K _{CS, 4.5b} = 6.4 MPa · m ^0.5 prestressed.

Example 6

7 shows a sixth embodiment of a transparent composite according to the invention ( 1.6 ) according to the present invention having a total thickness of 64.4 mm and a basis weight of 134.6 kg / m ² .

(2.6)

Einwirkungsseitiger Verbundteil des Beispieles 6, bestehend aus den Sprödbruchmaterialscheiben (2.6a) und (2.6b), einer diese beiden Scheiben verbindenden Kunststofflage sowie einer Kunststofflage, die (2.6b) mit (3.6a) verbindet;

(3.6)

Innerer Verbundteil des Beispieles 6, bestehend aus den Sprödbruchmaterialscheiben (3.6a), (3.6b), (3.6c) und (3.6d), dreier, diese vier Scheiben untereinander verbindenden Kunststofflagen sowie einer Kunststofflage, die (3.6d) mit (4.6a) verbindet;

(4.6)

Rückwärtiger Verbundteil des Beispieles 6, bestehend aus den Sprödbruchmaterialscheiben (4.6a) und (4.6b) sowie einer diese beiden Scheiben verbindenden Kunststofflage;

(5.6):

Spall-Liner-Verbundteil des Beispieles 6, bestehend aus der Spall-Liner-Schicht (8.6), welche durch eine Kunststofflage mit der Sprödbruchmaterialscheibe (4.6b) verbunden ist.

It means:

(2.6)

Impact-side composite part of Example 6, consisting of the brittle fracture material disks ( 2.6a ) and ( 2.6b ), a plastic layer connecting these two disks and a plastic layer which ( 2.6b ) With ( 3.6a ) connects;

(3.6)

Inner composite part of example 6, consisting of the brittle fracture material disks ( 3.6a ) 3.6b ) 3.6c ) and ( 3.6d ), three, these four discs interconnecting plastic layers and a plastic layer, the ( 3.6d ) With ( 4.6a ) connects;

(4.6)

Rear composite part of Example 6, consisting of the brittle fracture slices ( 4.6a ) and ( 4.6b ) and a plastic layer connecting these two discs;

(5.6):

Spall-liner composite part of example 6, consisting of the spall-liner layer ( 8.6 ), which by a plastic layer with the brittle fracture material disc ( 4.6b ) connected is.

The thickness of the individual composite parts and their proportion of the total thickness of the laminate are shown in Table 7 below: TABLE 7 composite part 2.6 3.6 4.6 5.6 Thickness (in mm) 6.5 39.5 11.5 4.5 % in relation to the total thickness 10.48 63.71 18.55 7.26

The thickness of the Spall-Liner composite part ( 5.6 ) to the thickness of the actual Spall-Liner-Schicht ( 8.6 ) plus the thickness of the plastic layer with which ( 8.6 ) to the brittle fracture material disc ( 4.6b ) and the thickness of the impact-side composite part ( 2.6 ) to the thickness of the actual brittle fracture material layers ( 2.6a ) and ( 2.6b ) plus the thickness of the plastic layers with which these are interconnected and to the brittle fracture material disc ( 3.6a ) are connected. All other thicknesses of plastic layers containing the brittle fracture discs ( 3.6a ) 3.6b ) 3.6c ) 3.6d ) 4.6a ) and ( 4.6b ), were disregarded.

All brittle fracture discs ( 2.6a ) 2.6b ) 3.6a ) 3.6b ) 3.6c ) and ( 3.6d ) such as ( 4.6a ) and ( 4.6b ) consist of BOROFLOAT ^® . In the inner composite part ( 3.6 ) the thickness ratios of the brittle fracture slices are:
( 3.6a ) :( 3.6b ) = 2.0: 1 and ( 3.6c ) :( 3.6d ) = 1.22: 1.

The disc 4.6b is chemically toughened and has a preload _rating of K _{CS, 4.6b} = 2.3 MPa · m ^0.5 .

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 to 1.6

Transparent protection compound

2 to 2.6

Impact side composite part

3 to 3.6

Inner composite part

4 to 4.6

Rear composite part

5 to 5.6

Spall-liner composite part

6 (6a to 6h)

Plastic sheets

7

Sprödbruchmaterialscheiben

8th

Spall-liner forming layer

e

influence each other

S

protection side

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102010009584 A1 [0008]
• WO 2006/135832 A2 [0009]
• US 3864204 [0010]
• US 4130684 [0010]
• DE 9218849 U1 [0011]
• DE 2758581 B1 [0012]
• DE 4236233 A1 [0013]
• EP 0884289 A1 [0014]
• DE 2347955 C2 [0015]
• DE 20208085 U1 [0016]
• WO 2011/120680 A1 [0017]
• DE 102012215864 A1 [0018]
• DE 102012218115 A1 [0019]
• EP 2191962 B1 [0020]
• WO 2008/130457 [0021]
• US 2013/0302581 A1 [0022]
• EP 0302959 A1 [0023]

Cited non-patent literature

• DIN 1063 - Security glazing [0034]
• NATO Standardization Agreement STANAG 4569 [0034]
• NATO Allied Engineering Publication AEP-55 (Volume 1, Edition 1 or Edition 2) [0034]
• General Testing Principles for Ballistic Material, Design and Product Testing VPAM APR 2006 [0034]
• VPAM April 2006 version 2 (from 30.11.2014), test step 10 [0035]
• Annex 2 of the VPAM APR 2006 Version 2 (of 30.11.2014) [0035]
• "General Test Principles for Ballistic Material, Design and Product Testing" VPAM APR 2006 Version 2 (30.11.2014), Test Level 10 [0070]
• Test stage 10 according to the test guideline "Special Protected Vehicles" VPAM BRV 2006 Version 2 (31.01.2014) [0071]
• VPAM April 2006 version 2 (30.11.2014) test stage 10 [0072]
• VPAM APR 2006 Version 2 (30.11.2014), test level 10 [0085]

Claims (15)

Transparent composite ( 1 ) through transparent plastic layers ( 6 ) Brittle fracture material disks ( 7 ), comprising an impact-side composite part ( 2 ) and one of the impact side (E) facing away Spall-liner composite part ( 5 ), and further comprising a between-side composite part ( 2 ) and Spall-Liner composite part ( 5 ) arranged inner composite part ( 3 ), and further comprising an inner composite part ( 3 ) and the spall-liner composite part ( 5 ) arranged rear composite part ( 4 ), wherein the rear composite part ( 4 ) comprises at least one single brittle fracture disc which is connected to the spall-liner composite part ( 5 ), and wherein said brittle fracture material single disc of the rear composite part is a prestressed, in particular chemically tempered, glass pane, and wherein the inner composite part ( 3 ) at least a first, the action side (E) facing arranged brittle fracture material Einzelzelscheibe ( 3a ) and a second, the brittle fractions material disc ( 3a ) arranged below brittle fracture material single disc ( 3b ), which by a plastic layer ( 6c ), and wherein a thickness ratio of the thickness of the first brittle fractions of a single disc ( 3a ) of the inner composite part ( 3 ) and the thickness of the second brittle fractions material disc ( 3b ) of the inner composite part ( 3 ) Is 1.2: 1 to 4: 1. Transparent composite ( 1 ) according to claim 1, wherein the rear composite part ( 4 ) at least one further of the impact side (E) facing arranged brittle fracture single disc ( 4a ) which is connected to the at least one brittle fracture single disc of the non-returnable composite part ( 4 ) with the Spall-Liner-Verbundteil ( 5 ) is connected by a further plastic layer. Transparent composite ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 2, wherein each of the brittle fracture individual discs of the rear composite part ( 4 ) is a prestressed, in particular chemically tempered, glass pane. Transparent composite ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the brittle fracture individual disks of the rear composite part ( 4 ) in the direction of protection {(E) -> (S)} have increasing bias voltages. Transparent composite ( 1 ) according to one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the brittle fracture individual discs of the rear composite part ( 4 ) in the protection direction {(E) -> (S)} have increasing bias characteristics K _CS . Transparent composite ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the transparent composite ( 1 ) has a total thickness of less than 85 mm and / or a basis weight of less than 155 kg / m ² . Transparent composite ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 6, which comprises at least one further pair of brittle fracture material individual disks ( 3c . 3d ) between the brittle fractions material disc ( 3b ) and the spall-liner composite part ( 5 ), wherein the brittle fractions single material disc ( 3c ) and one of the brittle fractions material single disc ( 3c ) arranged below brittle fracture material single disc ( 3d ) by a plastic layer ( 6d ) and wherein a thickness ratio of the thickness of the brittle fracture single disc ( 3c ) and the thickness of the brittle fracture single disc ( 3d ) Is 1.2: 1 to 4: 1. Transparent composite ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the thickness of the inner composite part ( 3 ) 50% to 80% of the total thickness of the composite ( 1 ) and / or wherein the thickness of the rear composite part ( 4 ) 10% to 25% of the total thickness of the composite ( 1 ) is. Transparent composite ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the impact-side composite part ( 2 ) at least one brittle fracture material disc ( 2a ) or a laminate of at least two, preferably two brittle fracture slices ( 2a . 2 B ), each by a plastic layer ( 6a ) and / or wherein at least one of the brittle fracture material disks of the impact-side composite part ( 2 ) is a prestressed, in particular chemically tempered, glass pane. Transparent composite ( 1 ) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the material of each brittle fracture material disk ( 7 ) is selected individually and independently from borosilicate glass, alkali metal Aluminosilicate glass, alkali-free aluminosilicate glass, soda-lime glass, flint glass, crown glass, glass ceramic, crystallized glass or phase-separated glass. Transparent composite ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein a spall-liner layer ( 8th ) of the Spall-Liner composite part ( 5 ) by a plastic layer ( 6h ) with the rear composite part ( 4 ) and / or the Spall-Liner-Schicht ( 8th ) is made of a material selected from impact-resistant plastic, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polymethylene methacrylate, cyclo-olefin copolymer or ionomer. Transparent composite ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that this meets the bullet resistance requirements according to the test guideline "General Test Principles for Ballistic Material, Design and Product Testing VPAM APR 2006 Version 2 (30.11.2014)", test level 10, at an angle of incidence of Projectile of more than 60 ° fulfilled. Protective glazing, in particular armored glass pane, comprising a transparent composite according to one of Claims 1 to 12.  A mobile protective element comprising a transparent composite according to one of claims 1 to 12 or a protective glazing according to claim 13. A vehicle comprising a transparent composite according to any one of claims 1 to 12 or a protective glazing according to claim 13.

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