DE102015012389A1 - High load capacity Sliding material with excellent wear resistance and lasting dimensional stability, use of same and reliable low-supervision bearing for buildings, in particular bridge structures - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a highly resilient sliding material with excellent wear resistance and permanent dimensional stability for bearings, in particular for sliding and / or pot bearings, of buildings, especially bridge structures, a reliable low-surveillance bearing a building, especially plain bearings, and the use of at least polyethylene terephthalate derivative as a sliding material in bearings of structures with a density of 1.3 to 1.6 g / cm3, in particular from 1.4 to 1.5 g / cm3, even more preferably 1.44 g / cm3, a melting temperature of 180 to 320 ° C, in particular 200 to 300 ° C, more preferably 245 ° C, a heat distortion temperature of 60 to 90 ° C, preferably 60 to 85 ° C, even more preferably 75 ° C, and / or an upper service temperature limit in air (for a short time ) from 150 to 180 ° C, preferably from 150 to 170 ° C, even more preferably 160 ° C.

Description

The invention relates to a highly resilient sliding material with excellent wear resistance and permanent dimensional stability for bearings, in particular for sliding and / or pot bearings, of buildings, in particular bridges, and a reliable low-surveillance bearing of a building, especially plain bearings, with a superstructure and a substructure, between which a sliding disk is arranged, and a use of polyalkylene terephthalate derivatives, in particular polyethylene terephthalate derivatives, as a sliding material in bearings, in particular in pot and / or plain bearings, of buildings, advantageously bridge structures.

At the contact surfaces, also called contact surfaces, of bearings of structures, such as bridge structures, normally and tangentially directed forces can occur. As a result of contacting components of the bearing, frictional forces set when the components of the bearing are moved relative to each other or against each other. The frictional forces counteract the moving force and must always be interpreted based on the relevant friction system, also called tribological system. The frictional force is in first approximation dependent on the normal force on the contact surface and the coefficient of friction. The static friction occurs between components resting against each other, which are to be set in motion. At lower tangential forces F, the frictional force is initially opposite to F, so that the component rests on the other. The frictional force can increase up to a maximum value with the tangential force F on, with the one component starting to slip or slip. Here, the adhesion (adhesion) is broken at the points of contact as interfaces.

As a result of incipient sliding friction can occur at the contact points of the interfaces shock-shaped deformations, which are able to cause the excitation elastic waves and temperature increase (frictional heat). The static friction must be overcome if one component is to be set in motion from rest. The sliding friction must be overcome in order to keep the component in a uniform, albeit slight in bearings, short-term movement. If solid components of the bearings slide on each other, there is regular wear. In the dry running of a bearing no protective lubricating film separates the one component, referred to as the base body, and from the other component, referred to as the counter body. As a result of high load even small unevenness, which may for example lie on each other, let such high pressures arise that both components adhere firmly in the idle state. In antagonistic movement of the components, these bonds are then separated or particles are torn from the surface of the less solid material, which initially hang on the surface of the more resistant material, then they dissolve and lead as the smallest particles between the sliding surfaces to considerable abrasion.

The movements of a bridge structure caused by temperature fluctuations are absorbed by bearings.

For the purposes of the invention, a movable bearing can be understood by storage, z. As tilting bearings, pot bearings or spherical bearings.

For the purposes of the invention, plain bearings are also understood to mean a bearing in which the movements take place by sliding or sliding two surfaces against each other.

For the purposes of the invention is also understood under pot bearings, a bearing in which the load from the superstructure, z. B. in the form of a bearing cap, to the substructure, z. B. on the steel pot, is passed, in or between which an elastomeric plastic material may be arranged. The tilting movement, such as rotation between the bearing cap and the bearing pot, can cause an internal displacement of the pot filling.

A pot bearing may also be a movable or fixed bearing within the meaning of the invention; In the pot bearing movements in addition to the tilting movements by sliding or sliding of two surfaces against each other occur. Thus, the pot bearing as a superstructure comprise a sliding plate and a bearing cap, which are mutually displaceable, and as a substructure a storage pot, for. As a steel pot, in which a, preferably elastomeric, plastic material may be arranged, so that the interaction of bearing pot and lid can provide the tilting movements. In addition, the pot bearing may include as a base the sliding plate and the bearing cap, which are mutually displaceable, and as a superstructure a storage pot, for. As a steel pot, in which the, in particular elastomeric, plastic material can be arranged. The tilting movement, such as rotation between the bearing cap and the bearing pot, can cause an internal displacement of the pot filling.

Under calotte bearing in the context of the invention is also understood, a bearing in which the tilting takes place by sliding over a curved surface, the z. B. for purposes of low-tilting in the form of two sliding planes can be configured.

In the above-mentioned conventional bearings are the bearings by relubrication with a steady lubricating film between the contact surfaces of the mutually movable components of a bridge structure, z. B. between top and bottom, maintained to avoid the usually leading to increased abrasion dry run.

It turns out that the lubrication efficiency can also be influenced by the size of the sum of the glideslope. Therefore, conventional bearings for bridge structures require not only the constant laborious relubrication, but also the costly constant monitoring of Gleitwegsummierung.

In addition, it should be noted that especially in the case of conventional bridge structures, in particular in bridge structures exposed to heavy goods traffic, traffic is an increasing quantity which can influence the movements of the bridge components. Due to the considerable increase in the circumference of the latter, the movement of the traffic, in particular that of heavy-load traffic, acts so far on the bridge components that even only slight back and forth movements of the bridge components can add up to several kilometers of sliding distance.

This means that bridge bearings are to be provided which take into account the seasonal variations in temperature as well as the glideshift increases due to heavy load traffic.

The bridge bearings should therefore, inter alia
a permanent lubrication of the contact surfaces,
a low friction,
a high wear resistance
enable.

In the prior art, for example, plain bearings are provided, the large sliding plates are encased in plastic discs, which should thus withstand the bearing pressure. As a disadvantage, it proves that the required exact adjustment of serving as the Kammerung steel frame of the substructure to the diameter of the plastic disc plate as difficult because of the sometimes up to 10 times the thermal expansion of Kunstsoff compared to steel.

In order to achieve a certain permanent lubrication, lubrication pockets are provided in the plastic discs. However, since the lubricating pockets increasingly level as a result of the creep of the plastic discs, the lubricant reservoir is exhausted after a short time of lubrication.

In the EP 1 523 598 proposed solution of the use of UHMWPE plastic (Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene, with an ultra-high molecular weight) does not lead, as this document is exhausted only in terms of properties required of the UHMWPE plastic as a sliding material.

In addition, according to the publication, the UHMWPE plastic should have values for the sliding path and / or the sliding speed that are greater than those in the EN1337-2: 2000 specified standards. Although the document proposes to those skilled in the provision of such a plastic, but fails to make information about the production of this plastic.

Even if the UHMWPE plastic according to the teaching of the publication
On the one hand, a surface pressure greater than 30 MPa, a sliding path greater than 10242 m and a sliding speed greater than 2 mm / s should have,
On the other hand should have an extremely high, infinitely high melt viscosity remains unclear how such a UHMWPE plastic should be produced with these properties

To DIN 53 735: 1983-01 is the measure of the melt viscosity of the melt index ( RÖMMP LEXIKON Chemie, 10th Edition, 1999, GEORG THIEME-Verlag, Stuttgart, New York, see also pages 3974, 3975 ) indicating the amount of material extruded in 10 minutes under the action of a predetermined force through a standard nozzle; The rule of thumb of the latter document is: the smaller the melt index, the greater the mechanical strength, vice versa, the higher the melt index, the smaller the mechanical strength.

This means that the pamphlet EP 1 523 598 proposes the production of UHMWPE plastic as a sliding material in the form of a disc or plate with low mechanical strength. It turns out, however, that such a sliding material begins to creep or liquefy due to its low mechanical strength under high pressure.

For bridges, which may be exposed to high temperatures, the flow of the sliding material is observed just in the edge regions of the plain bearing. In extreme cases, even the sliding material can be pressed over the edge surrounding the associated chamber. Very critical is the creep of the sliding material when at the edge region of the base surrounding the sliding material a friction metal on metal with the overlying bearing plate of the superstructure can occur.

The creep of the UHMWPE plastic is also not prevented by sliding bearings, for example, that the edge surrounding the UHMWPE plastic plate is increased because of the risk of metal-to-metal friction between the edge surrounding the UHMWPE plastic plate and the above lying bearing part is still increasing visibly.

In addition, the mechanical strength is a measure of the resistance of the body against deforming forces ( RÖMMP LEXIKON Chemie, 10th Edition, 1999, GEORG THIEME-Verlag, Stuttgart, New York, page 1314 ). so that according to conventional teaching of the document EP 1 523 598 the proposed by this sliding material due to the high melt index and the high melt viscosity and consequently low mechanical strength as low as possible resistance to deforming forces, as they tend to occur in bridge bearings, should have.

In addition, the mechanical strength is a measure of the resistance of the body against deforming forces ( RÖMMP LEXIKON Chemie, 10th Edition, 1999, GEORG THIEME-see also 1314 ), so that according to the teaching of the document EP 1 523 598 the sliding material should have as little as possible a resistance to forces acting on it.

However, it is advantageous that the sliding material to be provided and the use thereof in bearings should have a high resistance to forces.

Sonach then submit the task-oriented proposals of the document EP 1 523 598 with the assignment of physical properties to the UHMWPE plastic as a sliding material, especially the document EP 1 523 598 the relevance of the mechanical strength of a sliding material and its sufficient resistance for a heavily used bridge bearing overlooks and rather calls for the opposite, namely the achievement of the high melt index of the UHMWPE plastic caused low mechanical strength of the sliding material.

Apart from that, it is in the document EP 1 523 598 no disclosed method for producing UHMWPE plastic as a sliding material, the
on the one hand
a surface pressure greater than 30 MPa,
a glide path greater than 10242 m
and
a sliding speed greater than 2 mm / s
having,
on the other hand
an infinitely high melt viscosity
should have.

It will therefore provide a sliding material, the
low friction between the superstructure and the substructure,
an optimal dimensional stability against temperature fluctuations
a sufficient lubrication of the opposite contact surfaces even with a high number of displacement movements,
a sufficient deformation stiffness at high pressures.

The sliding material and the bearing to be provided to provide such a tribological system, in which, despite temperature fluctuations
adequate lubrication too
a low friction
and
an insignificant wear
occurs and these properties cleverly cooperate with the dimensional stability.

Also, such a sliding material for bearings should be used, which is largely low maintenance even with continuous operation to reduce operating costs.

As the publication EP 1 523 598 also suggests the installation of lubrication pockets, there is a risk of penetration of dust from the environment and the sticking of the same to the lubricating film, so that due to the component movements of this is pulled into the contact surface and is able to reduce the wear resistance considerably; Accordingly, such a sliding material is to be used for bearings, which largely works without lubrication via lubrication pockets.

In addition, the sliding material should be used in any type of heavy-duty bearings that z. B. tilting movements about the two axes lying in the horizontal plane and / or rotational movements about the vertical axis of the bearing possible.

Finally, a sliding material for bearings should be used, which is dimensionally stable when force is applied, and which is characterized by a largely constant thickness of the sliding disk and diameter of the sliding disk in the form of a sliding disk.

The problem is solved by the main claim and the dependent claims. The Subclaims relate to preferred embodiments and further developments of the invention.

The invention relates to a highly resilient sliding material with excellent wear resistance and permanent dimensional stability for bearings, in particular sliding and / or pot bearings, of buildings, in particular bridges,
which is characterized in that
the sliding material contains at least one polyalkylene terephthalate derivative, in particular a polyethylene terephthalate derivative
with z. B.
a density of 1.3 to 1.6 g / cm ³ , in particular from 1.4 to 1.5 g / cm ³ , even more preferably 1.44 g / cm ³ ,
and or
a melting temperature of 180 to 320 ° C, in particular 200 to 300 ° C, even more preferably 245 ° C,
and or
a heat distortion temperature of 60 to 90 ° C, preferably 60 to 85 ° C, even more preferably 75 ° C,
and or
an upper service temperature limit in air (short term) of 150 to 180 ° C, preferably 150 to 170 ° C, more preferably 160 ° C.

A further subject of the invention is directed to a fail-safe, non-bearing bearing of structures, in particular a plain bearing, with a superstructure and a substructure, between the superstructure and the substructure and / or in the substructure and / or in the superstructure at least one sliding disk is arranged,
which is characterized in that
the sliding disk a polyalkylene terephthalate derivative, in particular a polyethylene terephthalate derivative, contains with z. B.
a density of 1.3 to 1.6 g / cm ³ , in particular from 1.4 to 1.5 g / cm ³ , even more preferably 1.44 g / cm ³ ,
and or
a melting temperature of 180 to 320 ° C, in particular 200 to 300 ° C, even more preferably 245 ° C,
and or
a heat distortion temperature of 60 to 90 ° C, preferably 60 to 85 ° C, even more preferably 75 ° C,
and or
an upper service temperature limit in air (short term) of 150 to 180 ° C, preferably 150 to 170 ° C, more preferably 160 ° C.

An additional object of the invention relates to a use of at least one polyalkylene terephthalate derivative, in particular polyethylene terephthalate derivative, as a sliding material in bearings of buildings, especially in plain bearings or pot bearings, with z. B.
a density of 1.3 to 1.6 g / cm ³ , in particular from 1.4 to 1.5 g / cm ³ , even more preferably 1.44 g / cm ³ ,
and or
a melting temperature of 180 to 320 ° C, in particular 200 to 300 ° C, even more preferably 245 ° C,
and or
a heat distortion temperature of 60 to 90 ° C, preferably 60 to 85 ° C, even more preferably 75 ° C,
and or
an upper service temperature limit in air (short term) of 150 to 180 ° C, preferably 150 to 170 ° C, more preferably 160 ° C.

The invention is also based on the principle that the reliable safe non-bearing bearing according to the invention can have at least two adjacent mutually displaceable surfaces or sides as contact surfaces or contact surfaces, between which the sliding disk with a polyalkylene terephthalate derivative, in particular a polyethylene terephthalate derivative, as a sliding material is arranged , The mutually displaceable surfaces or sides as contact surfaces or contact surfaces may be located between the substructure and the superstructure of the bearing according to the invention; Alternatively or additionally, the mutually displaceable surfaces or sides may be located as contact surfaces or contact surfaces in the substructure and / or in the superstructure of the bearing according to the invention.

In the sense of the invention, a sliding disk is also understood to mean a glowing pad or a flat, in particular circular arc, plate-shaped sliding body or the like. In the sense of the invention, a sliding disk also means any sliding body which is suitable for the arrangement between components or surfaces of components of substructure and superstructure which are displaceable relative to one another, or a pot filling. The sliding disk can be arranged between two mutually displaceable surfaces, wherein the surfaces between the superstructure and the substructure or in other embodiments d of the invention bearing z. B. can be arranged in the substructure and / or in the superstructure.

Likewise, for the purposes of the invention under superstructure, also called superstructure, to be understood that part, such as beams, supports, cantilevers, deck plates, etc, which is able to remove the loads to the substructure; under substructure can also be understood in the context of the invention, for. As abutments, pillars, etc., which can derive the loads absorbed by the superstructure in the foundation.

Thus, according to requirements and configurations, the substructure may comprise a bearing pot and a bearing cap, and the superstructure may comprise a glow plate which is in contact with the bearing cap is designed displaceable. Depending on the requirements and configurations vive versa the superstructure may include the bearing cup and the bearing cap and the base a sliding plate, which is designed with the bearing cap against each other displaced.

The invention also relates to the sliding material and its use, the one or more derivatives of a polyalkylene terephthalate compound, in particular a polyethylene terephthalate compound, with a friction-reducing, preferably solid, z. B. polymerized, may contain lubricant.

Polyalkylene terephthalate derivatives, in particular polyethylene terephthalate derivatives, can be prepared, for example, by the transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol with elimination of methanol to give bis (2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate and its polycondensation to release ethylene glycol or by direct polycondensation of ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid.

In one embodiment of the highly loadable sliding material according to the invention, a polyalkylene terephthalate derivative, in particular polyethylene terephthalate derivative, may be contained as the sliding material, the polyalkylene terephthalate derivative, in particular polyethylene terephthalate derivative, a homogeneously distributed, optionally finely dispersed, lubricant, such as solid lubricant, which strongly reduces friction, may contain.

By the incorporation of compounds such as foreign building blocks, z. As isophthalic acid and / or 1,4-Cyclohexandemethanol and other solid lubricants, these can accumulate on the surface of the highly resilient sliding material according to the invention and change its friction and dimensional stability, As solid lubricants z. B. flaky and / or inorganic solid lubricants.

For the purposes of the invention, solid lubricants are also understood to be those having a layered lattice structure, such as graphite, molybdenum disulfide, etc. Other inorganic compounds are also suitable as solid lubricants, such as boron trioxide, lead monoxide, basic lead carbonate compounds, rings, etc.

In addition, zinc sulfide, calcium difluoride, boron nitride, which can make a high tribological load capacity of the highly loadable sliding material according to the invention possible, can be used.

In addition, as a solid lubricant z. B. for Oberfächenschichten phosphate, oxide, sulfide, chloride and / or oxalate compounds are used. Suitable metal-organic or organic solid lubricants are plastics, such as polytetrafluoroethylene, waxes, fats, soaps, salts of fatty acids. In addition, EP additives, such as epoxy resins, can be used, the z. B. are producible as oligomeric compounds having more than one epoxide group per molecule producible.

The properties of the highly resilient sliding material according to the invention can be determined with the aid of the methods known to those skilled in the art, eg. Example, the following conventional methods are determined:
Density after ISO 1183-1
Water absorption in mg after 24/96 h Storage in water of 23 ° C after ISO 62 , according to method 1 of ISO 62 carried out on discs with a diameter of 50 × 3 mm,
Water absorption in% after 24/96 h. Storage in water at 23 ° C after ISO 62 , according to method 1 of ISO 62 carried out on discs with a diameter of 50 × 3 mm,
Water absorption in% at saturation in normal climate of 23 ° C / 50% RH,
Water absorption in% at saturation in water of 23 ° C
Melting temperature (DSC, 10 ° C / min) in ° C after ISO 113 57 -1 / -3
Heat distortion temperature in ° C (Method A: 1.8 MPa) according to ISO 75 -1 / -2

The upper service temperature limit in air (for a short time), where z. B. only a few hours of temperature stress no or only a slight mechanical stress occurs, can also be determined by conventional methods.

The thermal conductivity in (W / K.m) at 23 ° C can be determined by conventional methods.

The thermal coefficient of linear expansion of the sliding material according to the invention or the sliding disk according to the invention can be determined as the average value between 23 ° C and 60 ° C and as an average value between 23 ° C and 100 ° C.

With the upper service temperature limit in ° C in air (constantly: during 5,000 / 20,000 h), the temperature capacity is determined over 5,000 / 20,000 hours; After these periods, the tensile strength - measured at 23 ° C - dropped to about 50% of the initial value. The upper service temperature limits listed here are based z. B. on the occurring thermal-oxidative degradation, which can cause a reduction in the property level. It may also be considered that the maximum allowable service temperature, however, in many cases, may be primarily dependent upon the duration and magnitude of the mechanical stresses associated with exposure to heat.

The lower service temperature in ° C can be determined by a conventional method, and in view of the decrease of the impact resistance with decreasing temperature, the lower service temperature can be determined in practice especially by the magnitude of the impact stresses applied to the material; Values listed here may be based on adverse shock loading conditions, nor can they be considered as the absolute practical limits.

The burning behavior can be determined by conventional methods, eg. B. after ISO 4589 -1 / -2 (oxygen index) in% and according to UL 94 (thickness 3/6 mm).

The mechanical properties listed below and their values at 23 ° C. can be listed here for the sliding material according to the invention or the sliding disk dry material according to the invention and be largely average values, carried out on test rods with a diameter of machined from round bars of the sliding material according to the invention or the sliding disk 40-60 mm, except for the hardness test, taken from the middle between the core and the outer diameter with their length in the rod longitudinal direction (parallel to the extrusion direction). The mechanical properties can be determined for the sliding material according to the invention and the sliding disk according to the invention, which are present as a dry material and as a material stored to saturation in the normal atmosphere at 23 ° C / 50% humidity.

Tensile tests to test for mechanical properties - with the exception of the hardness tests - can at 23 ° C on machined from round rods of the sliding material according to the invention test specimens with a diameter of 40-60 mm - present as a dry material - carried out from the area between the core and the outer diameter can be taken with their length in the rod longitudinal direction (parallel to the extrusion direction).

The yield stress / elongation at break of the sliding material according to the invention or the sliding disk according to the invention as a dry material present in MPa can be determined after z. B. ISO 527 -1 / -2 , z. At test speed: 5 mm / min, selected after ISO 10350-1 depending on the type of failure of the material (tough or brittle). As a tensile test (eg test specimen 1B) at 23 ° C., the yield stress of the sliding material stored until saturation in the normal climate at 23 ° C./50% RH can be reduced by material ISO 527 -1 / -2 be determined, the test speed is 5 mm / min, selected after z. B. ISO 10350-1 depending on the type of failure of the sliding material (tough or brittle).

The tensile strength of the sliding material according to the invention or the sliding disk according to the invention in MPa, the elongation at break and the elongation at break in% at 23 ° C even after ISO 527 -1 / -2 be determined, the test speed 5 mm / min. may be selected according to ISO 10350-1 depending on the type of failure of the sliding material (tough or brittle).

The tensile modulus of elasticity of the sliding material according to the invention or the sliding disk according to the invention in MPa can at 23 ° C after z. B. ISO 527 -1 / -2 be determined at a test speed of 1 mm / min.

The compressive stress in the compression test at 23 ° C can be determined at 1/2/5% nominal compression, with a cylinder as a specimen of the sliding material according to the invention or the sliding washer according to the invention with a diameter of 12 mm and height of 30 mm and a test speed of 1 mm / min.

Tension can be creep-ruptured at 23 ° C after 1000 h, resulting in an elongation of 1% (δ _1/1000 ) ISO 899-1 be determined, wherein the sliding material according to the invention or the sliding disk according to the invention can be present as a dry material or as sliding material or sliding disk mounted to saturation in the normal climate at 23 ° C / 50% RH.

The Charpy impact strength of the sliding material according to the invention or the sliding disk according to the invention can with a pendulum impact (15 J) after ISO 179-1 / 1eU and the Charpy notch can after ISO 179-1 / 1eA be determined.

The Izod notched impact can after ISO 180 / A be determined, wherein the sliding material according to the invention or the sliding disk according to the invention can be present as a dry material or as up to saturation in the normal atmosphere at 23 ° C / 50% RH stored sliding material.

The ball pressure hardness can after ISO 2039 -1 and the Rockwell hardness subsided ISO 2039-2 can be determined, wherein the properties of the sliding material according to the invention, which is tested as a 10 mm thick specimen in the form of a disc can be determined in the middle between its core and its outer diameter.

The electrical properties of the sliding material according to the invention and the sliding washer according to the invention, for measuring the electrical properties may be present as a dry material or as up to saturation in normal climate at 23 ° C / 50% humidity, material can be determined at 23 ° C also by conventional methods, eg. B.

Dielectric strength after z. B. IEC 60 243 -1 , For example, with an electrode assembly with two coaxial cylinders (diameters 25/75 mm, in transformer oil after IEC 60296 , measured on a 1 mm thick specimen,
Dielectric strength after z. B. IEC 60 243 -1 .
Specific volume resistance after z. B. IEC 60093 .
Specific surface resistance after z. B. IEC 60093 .
Dielectric constant ε _r at 100 Hz after z. B. IEC 60250 .
Dielectric constant ε _r at 1 MHz after z. B. IEC 60250 .
Comparative number of creepage path formation (CTI) after z. B. IEC 60112 .

Also, in a further embodiment of the invention reliable low-surveillance pot bearing a structure between the upper and lower structure, the sliding plate are, for. B., the superstructure may have the sliding plate, wherein the sliding plate and the bearing cap are mutually movable. In this embodiment, the bearing cap and the bearing pot components of the substructure. On the sliding plate facing top of the bearing cap and / or sent to the bearing cap underside of the sliding plate, the sliding disk can be arranged with the sliding material according to the invention; In addition, the top of the bearing cap and / or the underside of the sliding plate a, z. B. in plan view arcuate, have recess in which the sliding disk is embedded with the sliding material according to the invention in such a way that at least one component thereof protrudes from the top of the bearing cap. The underside of the lid can at least partially engage in the interior of the bearing cup in such a way that this component of the bottom of the bearing cap rests on a resilient pad with an elastomeric plastic-like material.

In a further embodiment of the invention reliable low-surveillance pot bearing of a structure can be designed such that the base of the sliding plate and the superstructure may have the bearing cup and the bearing cap between the upper and lower frame, the sliding plate and the bearing cap are mutually movable. In this embodiment, the bearing cap and the bearing cup components of the superstructure. On the sliding plate facing the underside of the bearing cap and / or on the bearing cover facing the top of the sliding plate, the sliding disk can be arranged with the sliding material according to the invention.

In another embodiment of the invention reliable low-surveillance pot bearing of a building with a sliding disk in the superstructure of the superstructure may comprise the sliding plate and the bearing cap, wherein the glow plate and the bearing cap are mutually movable. In this embodiment, the storage pot is a component of the substructure. On the sliding plate facing the upper side of the bearing cap and / or on the bearing cover facing the underside of the sliding plate, the sliding disk can be arranged with the sliding material according to the invention; In addition, the top of the bearing cap and / or the underside of the sliding plate a, z. B. in plan view arcuate, have recess in which the sliding disk is embedded with the sliding material according to the invention in such a way that at least one component thereof protrudes from the top of the bearing cap. The underside of the top cover of the superstructure may at least partially engage in the interior of the bearing cup of the substructure such that this component of the underside of the bearing cap rests on a resilient pad with a, preferably elastomeric, plastic-like material.

In another embodiment of the reliable low-surveillance pot bearing of the invention with a sliding disk in the substructure according to the invention, the substructure may comprise the sliding plate and the bearing cap, wherein the sliding plate and the bearing cap are movable relative to each other. In this embodiment, the bearing cup is a component of the superstructure. On the sliding plate facing the underside of the bearing cap and / or on the bearing cover facing the top of the sliding plate, the sliding disk can be arranged with the sliding material according to the invention.

In one embodiment of the operationally safe low-surveillance pot bearing of a building according to the invention this comprises a superstructure and a substructure, wherein between the superstructure and the substructure, the sliding disk is arranged with the sliding material according to the invention; For example, the substructure of the structure may have a bearing cup with a his inner limiting coat, which the sliding material, for. B. as' sliding pad or - disc record, the superstructure may include a bearing cap with a collar and a collar adjoining the body portion which engage with its body portion in the interior of the bearing cup and on the sliding material, for. B. as a 'sliding pad or disc can support. Another embodiment may additionally comprise at least one sliding plate for movable cooperation with the bearing cap or dme bearing cup.

Likewise, in an additional embodiment of the fail-safe invention low-surveillance pot bearing of a structure of the substructure and the superstructure of the structure sliding plates, wherein the one sliding plate with the bearing cap and the other sliding plate with the bearing cup are mutually movable. In this embodiment, a sliding plate and the bearing cap components of the superstructure and the other sliding plate and the bearing cup components of the substructure. At least one sliding plate and / or the elastic cushion located in the bearing cup may contain the sliding material.

In additional further embodiments of the operationally safe low-surveillance pot bearings according to the invention, these can be configured such that in the upper or lower frame the sliding plates are movable relative to one another with the sides of the bearing pots facing the sliding plates, which face away from the bearing caps as a lower or upper side. The sliding plates can z. B. metallic, z. B. sliding plate with highly polished stainless steel, and / or plastic-like materials and / or other materials, such as ceramic, included.

For the purposes of the invention under substructure and superstructure also understood two mutually displaceable components of a structure, such as a bridge structure. The superstructure can z. B. a bearing cap and / or a metal, such as rigid, sliding plate, z. B. with a sliding plate with highly polished stainless steel include; the substructure may comprise the bearing pot, which may additionally have a cushion with an elastomeric Kunstsoff in its interior.

The inventive fail-safe low-friction plain bearing of a structure has a top and a base, which are mutually displaceable, between the superstructure and the base the sliding disk is arranged, for example, the base has a surface as a bearing surface of a component, on the bearing surface of the base of the sliding material is arranged as a sliding disk, wherein the superstructure rests movably with its underside or the bearing surface facing underside.

The operationally reliable low-surveillance spherical bearing of a building comprises the upper and the substructure, wherein between the superstructure and the substructure, the sliding disk with the sliding material according to the invention, which may have a curved top and / or a curved bottom. is arranged.

Thus, the substructure may have an inwardly curved surface as a bearing surface, on the bearing surface of the substructure, the sliding disk is movably arranged with its outwardly curved bottom, the superstructure can with its the substructure or the bearing surface of the substructure facing bottom on the sliding disk or the plane Rest the top of the sliding material. In principle, the sliding disk of the operationally reliable, low-surveillance spherical bearing according to the invention can be designed like a plano-convex lens whose convex, outwardly curved, underside can have the shape of a spherical section; the top of the sliding disk, which may be curved or just designed, is, facing the underside of the superstructure, abut against this surface.

In a further embodiment of the operationally reliable low-surveillance spherical bearing according to the invention can slide on the outwardly curved surface as a bearing surface sliding plate with its inwardly curved bottom, the superstructure with its bearing layer facing bottom can also rest on the flat or curved top of the sliding disk movable ,

In a further embodiment of the fail-safe low-bearing bearing according to the invention, a bonded coating layer produced by melting by means of powder coating methods can be applied to the bearing surface of the substructure and / or on the underside of the superstructure facing the substructure.

The inventive use of polyalkylene terephthalate derivatives, in particular polyethylene terephthalate derivatives, as a sliding material in bearings of buildings, especially in plain bearings, refers to such
a density of 1.3 to 1.6 g / cm ³ , in particular of 1.4 to 1.5 g / cm ³ , even more preferably of 1.44 g / cm ³ ,
and or
a melting temperature of 180 to 320 ° C, in particular 200 to 300 ° C, even more preferably of 245 ° C,
and or
a heat distortion temperature of 60 to 90 ° C, preferably 60 to 85 ° C, even more preferably 75 ° C,
and or
an upper service temperature limit in air of 150 to 180 ° C, preferably 150 to 170 ° C, more preferably 160 ° C.

It is also found that the inventive use of polyalkylene terephthalate derivatives, in particular polyethylene terephthalate derivatives, as a sliding material, for. As sliding disk, in bearings, especially in plain bearings, of buildings, especially bridge structures, is particularly advantageous, wherein the sliding material may have the following properties:
a water uptake after 24/96 h storage in water of 23 ° C from 2 to 7 mg / 8 to 13 mg, preferably from 4 to 6 mg / 9 to 12 mg, even more preferably from 5 mg / 11 mg. and or
a water absorption after 24/96 h storage in water of 23 ° C from 0.01 to 0.09% / 0.1 to 0.2%, preferably from 0.02 to 0.08% / 0.02 to 0, 15%, more preferably 0.06% / 0.13% and / or
a water absorption at saturation in normal climate 23 ° C / 50% humidity from 0.20 to 0.26%, preferably from 0.23 to 0.25%, more preferably 0.23%, and / or
a water absorption at saturation in water of 23 ° C of 0.35 to 0.6%, preferably 0.35 to 0.6%, more preferably 0.47%.

The melting temperature of the sliding material according to the invention or the sliding disk according to the invention can be from 200 to 300 ° C, preferably from 220 to 280 ° C, even more preferably 245 ° C.

The thermal conductivity of the sliding material according to the invention or the sliding disk according to the invention at 23 ° C may have a value of 0.20 to 0.4 W / (Km), advantageously from 0.29 to 0.3 W / (Km), even more preferably 0 , 29 W / (Km).

The thermal coefficient of linear expansion of the sliding material according to the invention or the sliding washer according to the invention can be z. B. as an average value between 23 ° C and 60 ° C of 40 × 10 ^-6 to 80 × 10 ^-6 m / (mK), advantageously from 50 × 10 ^-6 to 70 × 10 ^-6 m / (mK), still more preferably 65 × 10 ^-6 m / (mK) and / or as the mean value between 23 ° C and 100 ° C of 75 × 10 ^-6 to 95 × 10 ^-6 m / (mK), advantageously of 80 x 10 ^-6 to 90 x 10 ^-6 m / (mK), more preferably 85 x 10 ^-6 m / (mK).

The heat deflection temperature of the sliding material according to the invention or the sliding disk according to the invention comprises, for example, values of 60 to 90 ° C, advantageously of 65 to 80 ° C, even more preferably 75 ° C,

The upper service temperature limit of the sliding material according to the invention or the sliding disk according to the invention in air (for a short time) is preferably 150 to 180 ° C, preferably 155 to 170 ° C, 160 ° C.

The upper service temperature limit of the sliding material according to the invention or the sliding disk according to the invention in air (continuously during 5,000 to 20,000 h) relates z. B. to 150 to 180 ° C, preferably 155 to 170 ° C, 160 ° C and / or the lower service temperature may be from -30 to -15 ° C, preferably from -25 to -18 ° C, - even more preferably 20 ° C.

The burning behavior (oxygen index) ISO 4589 -1 / -2 from 15 to 35%, preferably from 20 to 30%, even more preferably 25% and / or the burning behavior according to UL 94 with a thickness of 3/6 mm HB / HB.

The yield stress of the sliding material according to the invention or the sliding disk according to the invention as a dry material or as up to saturation in normal atmosphere at 23 ° C / 50% RH can be from 68 to 85 MPa, preferably from 70 to 80 MPa, more preferably 76 MPa.

The tensile strength of the sliding material of the invention or the sliding disk of the invention may be from 68 to 85 MPa, preferably 60 to 80 MPa, more preferably 76 MPa.

The elongation at break of the sliding material according to the invention or the sliding disk according to the invention can also be from 2 to 6%, preferably 3 to 5%, even more preferably 4%, and / or the breaking elongation of 3 to 7%, advantageously 4 to 6%, even more preferably 5 %.

The tensile modulus of elasticity of the sliding material according to the invention or the sliding disk according to the invention as dry material 2,500 to 4,000 MPa, preferably 3,000 to 3,500 MPa, more preferably 3,300 MPa, and / or can be up to saturation in normal atmosphere at 23 ° C / 50% RH stored sliding material 2,500 to 4,000 MPa, preferably 3,000 to 3,500 MPa, more preferably 3,300 MPa, yield.

The compressive stress of the sliding material according to the invention or the sliding washer according to the invention gives z. At 1/2/5% nominal compression of 21 to 28 MPa / 40 to 55 MPa / 85 to 105 MPa, preferably from 22 to 25 MPa / 46 to 50 MPa / 90 to 100 MPa, even more preferably 24 MPa / 47 MPa / 95 MPa.

The tension of the sliding material according to the invention or the sliding disk according to the invention in the creep rupture test, which leads to an elongation of 1% after 1,000 h (δ _1/1000 ), is for example as dry material 18 to 28 MPa, preferably from 20 to 25 MPa more preferably 23 MPa and / or sliding material stored to saturation in the normal climate at 23 ° C / 50% RH, 18 to 28 MPa, preferably 20 to 25 MPa, more preferably 23 MPa.

The Charpy impact strength of the inventive sliding material or sliding disk according to the invention can give values of 20 to 45 kJ / m ² , preferably 25 to 40 kJ / m ² , even more preferably 30 kJ / m ² .

The Charpy impact toughness values of the sliding material of the present invention or the sliding disk of the present invention can be as a dry material of 1.8 to 4.0 kJ / m ² , preferably 2.0 to 3.0 kJ / m ² , more preferably 2.5 kJ / m ² , amount.

The notched Izod impact strength of the sliding material according to the invention or the sliding disk according to the invention with up to saturation in normal climate at 23 ° C / 50% humidity stored Gleitwerkstoff may be 2.0 to 4.0 kJ / m ² , preferably 2.2 to 3.0 kJ / m ² , more preferably 2.5 kJ / m ² .

The ball compression hardness of the sliding material according to the invention or the sliding disk according to the invention can be values from 140 to 180 N / mm ² , preferably from 150 to 170 N / mm ² , more preferably 160 N / mm ² , and / or the Rockwell hardness of M 100, in particular M 94, result.

The electrical properties of the sliding material according to the invention or the sliding disk according to the invention can be at 23 ° C:
Dielectric strength 18 to 25 kV / mm, preferably 21 kV / mm, as dry material, 18 to 25 kV / mm, preferably 21 kV / mm, as sliding material stored to saturation in normal climate at 23 ° C / 50% RH;
Specific volume resistivity greater than 10 ¹³ 'ohm.cm, preferably greater than 10 ¹⁴ or 10 ¹⁵ ohm.cm, as a dry material and / or greater than 10 ¹³ ohm.cm, preferably greater than 10 ¹⁴ or 10 ¹⁵ ohm.cm as to for sliding in normal climate at 23 ° C / 50% RH stored sliding material;
Surface resistivity greater than 10 ¹³ ohms, preferably greater than 10 ¹⁴ or 10 ¹⁵ ohms, as dry material and / or greater than 10 ¹³ ohms, more preferably greater than 10 ¹⁴ or 10 ¹⁵ ohms, to saturation in normal climate at 23 ° C / 50% humidity stored sliding material;
Dielectric constant ε _r at 100 Hz 4.0, preferably 3.4, as a dry material and / or at 100 Hz 3.0, preferably 3.4, as up to saturation in the normal atmosphere at 23 ° C / 50% RH stored sliding material;
Dielectric constant ε _r at 1 MHz 3.5, preferably 3.2, as a dry material and / or at 1 MHz 3.0, preferably 3.2 as up to saturation in the normal atmosphere at 23 ° C / 50% RH stored sliding material;
Comparative number of tracking (CT) 550 to 700, preferably 600, as a dry material and / or 550 to 700, preferably 600, as to the saturation in normal climate at 23 ° C / 50% RH stored sliding material.

Measurement results of methods which mimic the use of the sliding material according to the invention in pot bearings include the application of force to the sliding material according to the invention in the form of sliding disks and the action of rolling generated sinusoidal forward and backward movements on the same; The test conditions are 36000 cycles corresponding to approximately 100 hours test duration and a glide path of 1,820 m at a temperature of 60 ° C (+/- 1 ° C).

There are advantageously very small increases at the end of the test
the diameter of the sliding discs produced from the sliding material according to the invention, which amounted to only 0.52 mm (= 0.7%),
and
the thickness of the sliding discs made of the sliding material according to the invention, which amounted to only 0.05 mm (= 0.8%).

Moreover, the temperature of the sliding disks advantageously remains constant during the application of force.

Also, the visual appearance of the sliding discs produced from the sliding material according to the invention remained largely unchanged. The constant shape of the sliding discs produced from the sliding material according to the invention provides the required dimensional stability.

The sliding material according to the invention, the use according to the invention thereof in bearings
the low friction between the superstructure and the substructure,
the optimal dimensional stability against temperature fluctuations
the sufficient lubrication of the opposite contact surfaces even with a high number of displacement movements,
the sufficient deformation stiffness at high pressures,
so that an optimal tribological system is provided which satisfies the requirements for bearings to be used in bridge constructions.

By the inventive sliding material and the inventive Using the same arrangement provided in bearings of bridge structures, also called tribological system, shows a clever combination of adequate lubrication with the low friction and the negligible wear, which can also combine these properties with the dimensional stability.

In addition, the sliding material according to the invention and the use of the same according to the invention in bearings of bridge structures during continuous operation are largely low maintenance, so that the operating costs are low.

Also, the use of lubrication pockets, as from the publication EP 1 523 598 proposed, so that the risk of the occurrence of impurities in the area of the contact surfaces are eliminated.

The sliding material according to the invention and the use thereof according to the invention allow the use in bearings of any kind, even in heavy-duty bearings, without limitation, their mobility.

For the dimensional stability of the sliding material according to the invention even at high load confirm the largely constant thickness and unchanged diameter.

embodiments

The embodiment, due to its simplification, schematically relates to an embodiment of the invention.

In one embodiment, the pot bearing according to the invention comprises a steel pot and bearing cap as a base and a sliding plate as a superstructure in which a circular arc-shaped recess is located. In the recess, a cushion is arranged with a conventional elastomeric plastic. On the circumferential side of the circular top view in plan bearing cap a circumferential collar is formed. In a further embodiment is in the circumferential side of the bearing cap, a circumferential groove in which an inner seal, for. B. a ring with brass, is embedded. On the upper side of the bearing cap of the substructure, the sliding disk is arranged or, as disclosed in an additional embodiment, the sliding disk is at least partially embedded in the top of the bearing cap. The sliding disk advantageously allows at least low-friction relative displacements of bearing cap and sliding plate against each other.

Also, another embodiment discloses that arranged on the underside of the sliding plate, the sliding disk, as is connected, or, as disclosed in an additional embodiment, the sliding disk is at least partially embedded in the underside of the sliding plate, so that the sliding disk also advantageously at least low-friction relative Movements of bearing cap and sliding plate against each other makes possible.

In another embodiment, the pot bearing according to the invention comprises a substructure with a bearing cup with a the inside of the same limiting coat and a superstructure with a bearing cap and the sliding disk; the interior takes on a sliding disk containing the sliding material according to the invention. The bearing cap has a circumferential collar and a body portion located within the collar, which engages with its body portion in the interior of the bearing cup and is supported on the sliding disk. The bearing cap can be compared to an inner side of the jacket of the bearing pot defining the interior of the bearing cup free a circulating annular gap arranged between the jacket and the body portion. A space is bounded by the underside of the collar and the upper edge of the shell of the storage pot. In a further embodiment, a circumferential groove formed peripherally along the upper outer edge of the sliding disk is designed to receive a sealing ring.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• EP 1523598 [0017, 0021, 0024, 0025, 0027, 0027, 0028, 0032, 0109]

Cited non-patent literature

• EN1337-2: 2000 [0018]
• DIN 53 735: 1983-01 [0020]
• RÖMMP LEXIKON Chemie, 10th Edition, 1999, GEORG THIEME-Verlag, Stuttgart, New York, see also pages 3974, 3975 [0020]
• RÖMMP LEXIKON Chemie, 10th Edition, 1999, GEORG THIEME-Verlag, Stuttgart, New York, page 1314 [0024]
• RÖMMP LEXIKON Chemie, 10th Edition, 1999, GEORG THIEME-see also 1314 [0025]
• ISO 1183-1 [0050]
• ISO 62 [0050]
• ISO 62 [0050]
• ISO 62 [0050]
• ISO 62 [0050]
• ISO 113 57 -1 / -3 [0050]
• ISO 75 -1 / -2 [0050]
• ISO 4589 -1 / -2 (oxygen index) [0056]
• ISO 527 -1 / -2 [0059]
• ISO 10350-1 [0059]
• ISO 527 -1 / -2 [0059]
• ISO 10350-1 [0059]
• ISO 527 -1 / -2 [0060]
• ISO 10350-1 [0060]
• ISO 527 -1 / -2 [0061]
• ISO 899-1 [0063]
• ISO 179-1 / 1eU [0064]
• ISO 179-1 / 1eA [0064]
• ISO 180 / A [0065]
• ISO 2039-1 [0066]
• ISO 2039-2 [0066]
• IEC 60 243 -1 [0068]
• IEC 60296 [0068]
• IEC 60 243 -1 [0068]
• IEC 60093 [0068]
• IEC 60093 [0068]
• IEC 60250 [0068]
• IEC 60250 [0068]
• IEC 60112 [0068]
• ISO 4589 -1 / -2 [0090]

Claims (11)

Highly resilient sliding material with excellent wear resistance and permanent dimensional stability for bearings, in particular for plain bearings, pot bearings and / or spherical bearings, of buildings, in particular of bridge structures, characterized in that the sliding material at least one polyalkylene terephthalate derivative, in particular at least one polyethylene terephthalate derivative containing a density of 1.3 to 1.6 g / cm ³ , in particular of 1.4 to 1.5 g / cm ³ , even more preferably of 1.44 g / cm ³ , and / or a melting temperature of 180 to 320 ° C, in particular 200 to 300 ° C, even more preferably of 245 ° C, and / or a heat distortion temperature of 60 to 90 ° C, preferably 60 to 85 ° C, even more preferably of 75 ° C, and / or an upper Use temperature limit in air of 150 to 180 ° C, preferably from 150 to 170 ° C, even more preferably from 160 ° C. Highly resilient sliding material with excellent wear resistance and permanent dimensional stability for bearings, in particular plain bearings, cup bearings and / or spherical bearings of buildings, in particular of bridge structures according to claim 1, characterized in that the polyalkylene terephthalate derivative, in particular the polyethylene terephthalate derivative, a homogeneously distributed solid lubricant contains. Reliable low-maintenance bearing of a building with a superstructure and a substructure and at least one arranged between the superstructure and the substructure and // or in the superstructure and // or in the substructure sliding washer with a high-load sliding material according to claim 1 or 2. Reliable low-surveillance bearing a building with a superstructure and a substructure and at least one between the superstructure and the substructure and / or in the superstructure and // or in the substructure arranged sliding disc with a heavy duty sliding material according to claim 3, characterized in that at least one of the mutually displaceable sides of the substructure and / or superstructure is at least partially applied, preferably by fusing by means of powder coating process, a bonded coating layer. Reliable low-maintenance bearing of a building with a superstructure and a substructure and at least one arranged between the superstructure and the substructure and // or in the superstructure and // or in the substructure sliding washer with a heavy duty sliding material according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that on a side of the substructure facing the superstructure and / or on a side of the superstructure facing the substructure, an anti-friction varnish layer, preferably produced by melting by means of powder coating processes, is applied at least partially. Operating Secure monitoring slide bearing of a construction with a superstructure and a substructure and at least one between the superstructure and the substructure and / or arranged in the superstructure and / or substructure sliding washer, characterized in that the sliding at least one polyalkylene terephthalate derivative, in particular at least one Polyethylenterephtalat- Derivative containing at a density of 1.3 to 1.6 g / cm ³ , in particular from 1.4 to 1.5 g / cm ³ , even more preferably from 1.44 g / cm ³ , and / or a melting temperature from 180 to 320 ° C, especially 200 to 300 ° C, even more preferably from 245 ° C, and / or a heat distortion temperature of 60 to 90 ° C, preferably 60 to 85 ° C, even more preferably of 75 ° C, and / or an upper service temperature limit in air of from 150 to 180 ° C, preferably from 150 to 170 ° C, even more preferably from 160 ° C. An operationally safe, low-maintenance sliding bearing of a structure with a superstructure and a substructure, which are displaceable relative to one another, and at least one sliding disc arranged between the superstructure and the substructure and / or in the superstructure and / or in the substructure, according to claim 6, characterized in that the substructure has a surface as a bearing surface, on the bearing surface of the substructure, the sliding disk is arranged with the sliding material, the superstructure rests with its underside facing the underside of the sliding disc. An operationally safe low-observation pot bearing of a structure with a superstructure and a substructure, and at least one between the superstructure and the substructure and / or in the superstructure and / or in the substructure arranged sliding disc with a sliding material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the substructure of the building a storage pot with a coat limiting its interior and a bearing cap and the Superstructure comprise a sliding plate and between the bearing cap and the sliding plate, the sliding disk is arranged with the sliding material. Operationally safe low-observation pot bearing a structure with a superstructure and a substructure, between the superstructure and the base a sliding disc is arranged with a sliding material, according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the substructure of the building a bearing pot with its interior limiting jacket and the Superstructure comprise a sliding plate and a bearing cap and between the bearing cup and the bearing cap, the sliding disk is arranged with the sliding material. Operationally safe monitoring-free spherical bearing of a structure with a superstructure and a substructure, between the superstructure and the substructure and / or in the superstructure and / or in the substructure the sliding disc is arranged with a sliding material, according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the base has an inwardly curved surface as a bearing surface, on the bearing surface of the substructure, the sliding disk is movably arranged with its outwardly curved underside, the top of the sliding disk is curved or flat. Use of polyalkylene terephthalate derivatives, in particular polyethylene terephthalate derivatives, as a sliding material in the bearings of buildings, in particular in pot, sliding and / or spherical bearings, with a density of 1.3 to 1.6 g / cm ³ , in particular of 1, 4 to 1.5 g / cm ³ , more preferably 1.44 g / cm ³ , and / or a melting temperature of 180 to 320 ° C, especially 200 to 300 ° C, even more preferably 245 ° C, and or a heat deflection temperature of 60 to 90 ° C, preferably 60 to 85 ° C, even more preferably of 75 ° C, and / or an upper service temperature limit in air of 150 to 180 ° C, preferably from 150 to 170 ° C, still more preferably 160 ° C.