DE102014001690B4 - Method for joining a metal component with a plastic component - Google Patents

Method for joining a metal component with a plastic component Download PDF

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Publication number
DE102014001690B4
DE102014001690B4 DE102014001690.0A DE102014001690A DE102014001690B4 DE 102014001690 B4 DE102014001690 B4 DE 102014001690B4 DE 102014001690 A DE102014001690 A DE 102014001690A DE 102014001690 B4 DE102014001690 B4 DE 102014001690B4
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DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
component
joining step
connection
plastic
joining
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
DE102014001690.0A
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German (de)
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DE102014001690A1 (en
Inventor
Erhard Brandl
Alois Brandt
Florian Meyer
Martin Bangel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Audi AG
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Audi AG
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Publication date
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Priority to DE102014001690.0A priority Critical patent/DE102014001690B4/en
Publication of DE102014001690A1 publication Critical patent/DE102014001690A1/en
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Publication of DE102014001690B4 publication Critical patent/DE102014001690B4/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
    • B21D26/14—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces applying magnetic forces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D39/00—Application of procedures in order to connect objects or parts, e.g. coating with sheet metal otherwise than by plating; Tube expanders
    • B21D39/03—Application of procedures in order to connect objects or parts, e.g. coating with sheet metal otherwise than by plating; Tube expanders of sheet metal otherwise than by folding
    • B21D39/031—Joining superposed plates by locally deforming without slitting or piercing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1429—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1432—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface direct heating of the surfaces to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
    • B29C65/5057—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like positioned between the surfaces to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/64—Joining a non-plastics element to a plastics element, e.g. by force
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/72—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by combined operations or combined techniques, e.g. welding and stitching
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/02—Preparation of the material, in the area to be joined, prior to joining or welding
    • B29C66/024—Thermal pre-treatments
    • B29C66/0242—Heating, or preheating, e.g. drying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/21—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being formed by a single dot or dash or by several dots or dashes, i.e. spot joining or spot welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/45—Joining of substantially the whole surface of the articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/74—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
    • B29C66/742—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to metals or their alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81431—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single cavity, e.g. a groove
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/82—Pressure application arrangements, e.g. transmission or actuating mechanisms for joining tools or clamps
    • B29C66/824—Actuating mechanisms
    • B29C66/8244—Actuating mechanisms magnetically driven
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/82—Pressure application arrangements, e.g. transmission or actuating mechanisms for joining tools or clamps
    • B29C66/826—Pressure application arrangements, e.g. transmission or actuating mechanisms for joining tools or clamps without using a separate pressure application tool, e.g. the own weight of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/82—Pressure application arrangements, e.g. transmission or actuating mechanisms for joining tools or clamps
    • B29C66/828—Other pressure application arrangements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • B29C66/83221—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis cooperating reciprocating tools, each tool reciprocating along one axis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J5/00—Adhesive processes in general; Adhesive processes not provided for elsewhere, e.g. relating to primers
    • C09J5/06—Adhesive processes in general; Adhesive processes not provided for elsewhere, e.g. relating to primers involving heating of the applied adhesive
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B5/00—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
    • F16B5/04—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of riveting
    • F16B5/045—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of riveting without the use of separate rivets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
    • B29C65/481—Non-reactive adhesives, e.g. physically hardening adhesives
    • B29C65/4815—Hot melt adhesives, e.g. thermoplastic adhesives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7394—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J2301/00—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils
    • C09J2301/40—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the presence of essential components
    • C09J2301/416—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the presence of essential components use of irradiation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J2400/00—Presence of inorganic and organic materials
    • C09J2400/10—Presence of inorganic materials
    • C09J2400/16—Metal
    • C09J2400/163—Metal in the substrate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J2400/00—Presence of inorganic and organic materials
    • C09J2400/20—Presence of organic materials
    • C09J2400/22—Presence of unspecified polymer
    • C09J2400/226—Presence of unspecified polymer in the substrate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B11/00—Connecting constructional elements or machine parts by sticking or pressing them together, e.g. cold pressure welding
    • F16B11/006—Connecting constructional elements or machine parts by sticking or pressing them together, e.g. cold pressure welding by gluing

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

Verfahren zum Fügen eines Metallbauteils (1) mit einem Kunststoffbauteil (3) aus einem Kunststoff, bei dem die beiden Bauteile (1, 3) in einem ersten Fügeschritt (b) miteinander verklebt werden zur Herstellung einer Stoffschlussverbindung (I), wobei zur Herstellung einer zusätzlichen, insbesondere lokalen Formschlussverbindung (II) die beiden Bauteile (1, 3) in einem zweiten Fügeschritt (d) mittels elektromagnetischer Impulsumformung formschlüssig miteinander verbunden werden, wobei zur Durchführung der elektromagnetischen Impulsumformung im zweiten Fügeschritt (d) als Widerlager für die Bauteilverbindung eine Matrize (16) bereitgestellt wird, wobei die Matrize eine Kavität (17) aufweist, in die unter Beaufschlagung eines Kraftimpulses (F) das Material der Bauteilverbindung hinein verlagerbar ist, und zwar unter Bildung einer Einprägung (7) auf der matrizenabgewandten Seite der Bauteilverbindung, und wobei die Kavität (17) der Matrize (16) mit Bezug auf die Wirkrichtung des Kraftimpulses (F) zumindest einen Hinterschnitt aufweist, in den das Material der Bauteilverbindung hinein verlagert wird.Method for joining a metal component (1) with a plastic component (3) made of a plastic, in which the two components (1, 3) are glued together in a first joining step (b) to produce a material connection (I), wherein for producing a additional, in particular local positive connection (II), the two components (1, 3) in a second joining step (d) by means of electromagnetic pulse forming positively connected to each other, wherein for performing the electromagnetic pulse transformation in the second joining step (d) as an abutment for the component connection a die (16) is provided, wherein the die has a cavity (17) into which the material of the component connection is displaceable under application of a force pulse (F), forming an impression (7) on the side of the component connection facing away from the die, and wherein the cavity (17) of the die (16) with respect to the direction of action of Force pulse (F) has at least one undercut, in which the material of the component connection is shifted into.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Fügen eines Metallbauteils mit einem Kunststoffbauteil aus einem insbesondere faserverstärkten Thermoplast nach Patentanspruch 1 sowie eine Bauteilverbindung, die mittels des Fügeverfahrens herstellbar ist.The invention relates to a method for joining a metal component with a plastic component made of a particular fiber-reinforced thermoplastic according to claim 1 and a component connection, which can be produced by means of the joining method.

Im Hinblick auf eine Leichtbauweise werden im Fahrzeugbau Hybridverbindungen eingesetzt, bei denen Metallblechteile mit Faserverbundkunststoff-Bauteilen in einem Fügeverfahren verbunden werden. Ein solches Faserverbundkunststoff-Bauteil weist Verstärkungsfasern aus zum Beispiel Kohlenstoff auf, die in einem Matrixmaterial eingebettet sind. Das Matrixmaterial ist in gängiger Praxis ein Thermoplast oder ein Duroplast.With regard to a lightweight construction, hybrid connections are used in vehicle construction, in which metal sheet metal parts are connected with fiber composite plastic components in a joining process. Such a fiber composite plastic component has reinforcing fibers of, for example, carbon embedded in a matrix material. The matrix material is in common practice a thermoplastic or a thermosetting plastic.

In einem gattungsgemäßen Fügeverfahren wird die oben erwähnte Hybridverbindung durch eine Klebverbindung gewährleistet, bei der die beiden Fügepartner großflächig miteinander zur Herstellung einer Stoffschlussverbindung verklebt werden.In a generic joining method, the above-mentioned hybrid compound is ensured by an adhesive bond, in which the two joining partners are glued together over a large area to produce a fabric connection.

Auch die DE 10 2012 203 878 B3 beschreibt das Verkleben eines Metallbauteils und eines faserverstärkten Kunststoffbauteils. Vor dem Verkleben der beiden Bauteile werden die beiden Bauteile mit Hilfe von Fixierelementen miteinander verbunden oder zumindest vorfixiert, um ein anschließendes Verkleben der Bauteile mit einer ausreichenden Klemmkraft zu ermöglichen.Also the DE 10 2012 203 878 B3 describes the bonding of a metal component and a fiber-reinforced plastic component. Before bonding the two components, the two components are connected to each other by means of fixing elements or at least prefixed to allow subsequent bonding of the components with a sufficient clamping force.

Alternativ und/oder zusätzlich dazu sind auch Formschlussverbindungen zwischen den beiden Fügepartnern bekannt. Diese haben jedoch die folgenden fertigungstechnischen Nachteile: So sind Hilfsfügeelemente beim Nieten oder Schrauben erforderlich, was zusätzliche Kosten und zusätzliches Bauteilgewicht verursacht. Zudem sind Presswerkzeuge (zum Beispiel ein Stempel beim Nieten) erforderlich, die einem Verschleiß im Großserienbetrieb unterliegen. Zudem führen solche mechanischen Fügeverfahren zu einer Faserbeschädigung im Kunststoffbauteil, etwa durch ein Bohrloch beim Nieten. Dadurch wird die Leistungsfähigkeit der Bauteilverbindung zum Beispiel bei dynamischer Belastung reduziert. Ferner weisen bestimmte Werkstoffe (zum Beispiel die Titanlegierung Ti-6Al-4V) keine oder nur eine eingeschränkte Kaltverformbarkeit auf, wodurch sich beim mechanischen Fügeprozess Risse im Metall ergeben können. Aufgrund der fertigungstechnisch vergleichsweise geringen Füge-/Verformungsgeschwindigkeit bei mechanischen Fügeverfahren (zum Beispiel beim Halbhohlstanznieten) kann sich ferner die Problematik ergeben, dass das umgeformte Material zurückfedert. Speziell bei einer Verklebung der beiden Bauteile sind zudem Prozessparameter, wie etwa die Aushärte-Zeitdauer oder die Aushärtetemperatur zu berücksichtigen, wobei unmittelbar nach einer Stoffschlussverbindung die Verbindungsfestigkeit noch sehr gering ist, wodurch eine weitere Handhabung der Bauteilverbindung nur eingeschränkt möglich ist.Alternatively and / or additionally, positive-locking connections between the two joining partners are also known. However, these have the following manufacturing disadvantages: For example, auxiliary joining elements are required when riveting or screwing, which causes additional costs and additional component weight. In addition, pressing tools (for example, a punch during riveting) are required, which are subject to wear in mass production. In addition, such mechanical joining methods lead to fiber damage in the plastic component, for example through a drill hole during riveting. As a result, the performance of the component connection is reduced, for example under dynamic load. Furthermore, certain materials (for example, the titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V) have no or only a limited cold workability, which can result in the mechanical joining process cracks in the metal. Due to the manufacturing technology comparatively low joining / deformation rate in mechanical joining methods (for example, semi-hollow punching rivets) may also result in the problem that the reshaped material springs back. In particular, when bonding the two components process parameters, such as the curing time or the curing temperature are also to be considered, immediately after an adhesive connection, the connection strength is still very low, whereby further handling of the component connection is limited.

Generell ist zum Beispiel aus der CN 202861226 U bekannt, Blechteile durch elektromagnetische Impulsumformung formschlüssig miteinander zu verbinden. Eine solche elektromagnetische Impulsumformung wird auch als Magnetumformung bezeichnet und ist ein elektrodynamisches Umformungsverfahren, bei dem Blechteile aus elektrisch leitfähigem Material unter Einsatz eines gepulsten Magnetfeldes durch Kaltumformung miteinander verbunden werden. Die miteinander zu verbindenden Blechteile werden dabei in der Nähe einer Magnetspule positioniert und durch die Krafteinwirkung des gepulsten Magnetfeldes mit sehr hoher Intensität miteinander verbunden. Zur Erzeugung eines geeigneten Magnetfeldimpulses wird die Magnetspule mit einem Stromimpuls von einigen 100 kA beaufschlagt. Zur Erzeugung eines derart hohen Stromimpulses können zuvor Kondensatoren einen Zeitraum von einigen Sekunden aufgeladen werden, um dann innerhalb eines kurzen Impulszeitraums die Magnetspule mit einem Erregerstromimpuls von mehr als 100 kA zu beaufschlagen. Der kurze Magnetfeldimpuls bewirkt, dass ein, der Magnetspule zugewandtes Blechteil mit hoher Geschwindigkeit gegen das andere, davon abgewandte Blechteil bewegt wird. Dabei trifft das eine Blechteil mit sehr hoher Geschwindigkeit, etwa 300 m/s, auf das andere Blechteil auf, so dass lokale Vermischungsvorgänge an der Materialoberfläche auftreten, wodurch die Blechteile miteinander verbunden sind.Generally, for example, from the CN 202861226 U known to connect sheet metal parts by electromagnetic pulse forming form-fitting together. Such electromagnetic pulse transformation is also referred to as magnetic forming and is an electrodynamic forming process in which sheet metal parts of electrically conductive material are bonded together using a pulsed magnetic field by cold working. The metal parts to be joined together are positioned in the vicinity of a magnetic coil and connected to each other by the force of the pulsed magnetic field with very high intensity. To generate a suitable magnetic field pulse, the magnetic coil is subjected to a current pulse of a few 100 kA. To generate such a high current pulse previously capacitors can be charged for a period of a few seconds to then act on the solenoid coil within a short pulse period with an excitation current pulse of more than 100 kA. The short magnetic field pulse causes a, the magnetic coil facing sheet metal part is moved at high speed against the other, facing away from sheet metal part. In this case, a sheet metal part meets at very high speed, about 300 m / s, on the other sheet metal part, so that local mixing processes occur on the material surface, whereby the sheet metal parts are interconnected.

Auch aus der US 6,389,697 B1 ist bekannt, Blechteile durch elektromagnetische Impulsumformung miteinander zu verbinden. Dabei werden die Blechteile jedoch durch Kompression verbunden und nicht mit Hilfe einer Matrize.Also from the US 6,389,697 B1 It is known to connect sheet metal parts together by electromagnetic pulse transformation. However, the sheet metal parts are connected by compression and not with the help of a die.

Gemäß der DE 10 2004 053 172 A1 wird das elektromagnetische Pulsverformungsverfahren verwendet, um Sollverformungsstrukturen in eine Hohlkörperstruktur einzuformen.According to the DE 10 2004 053 172 A1 For example, the electromagnetic pulse shaping method is used to mold desired deformation structures into a hollow body structure.

Die DE 10 2011 080 266 A1 beschreibt ein Verfahren zur Verbindung zweier ineinander angeordneter Rohrabschnitte mittels elektromagnetischen Pulsverformungsverfahrens.The DE 10 2011 080 266 A1 describes a method for connecting two nested tube sections by means of electromagnetic pulse shaping method.

Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht darin, ein Verfahren zum Fügen eines Metallbauteils mit einem Kunststoffbauteil aus insbesondere einem faserverstärkten Thermoplast bereitzustellen, das fertigungstechnisch einfach eine einwandfreie Bauteilverbindung bereitstellt, die für die Großserienproduktion einsetzbar ist.The object of the invention is to provide a method for joining a metal component with a plastic component made of, in particular, a fiber-reinforced thermoplastic, which in terms of production technology simply provides a perfect component connection that can be used for mass production.

Die Aufgabe ist durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruches 1 gelöst. Bevorzugte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen offenbart. The object is solved by the features of claim 1. Preferred embodiments of the invention are disclosed in the subclaims.

Gemäß den Merkmalen des Patentanspruches 1 erfolgt zusätzlich zu der aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Stoffschlussverbindung eine Formschlussverbindung zwischen den beiden Fügepartnern, bei der die beiden Bauteile mittels elektromagnetischer Impulsumformung miteinander verbunden werden. Gegenüber herkömmlichen mechanischen Formschlussverbindungs-Verfahren sind speziell bei der elektromagnetischen Impulsumformung keine zusätzlichen mechanischen Hilfselemente erforderlich und ergibt sich kein Verschleiß eines Stempelwerkzeugs. Zudem können Faserbeschädigungen im Kunststoffbauteil zuverlässig verhindert werden. Ferner können beim Impulsumformen auch eingeschränkt kaltverformbare Metalle ohne Makrorisse umgeformt werden. Im Vergleich zu den gängigen mechanischen Verbindungsverfahren erfolgt die elektromagnetische Impulsumformung mit wesentlich höherer Füge-/Verformungsgeschwindigkeit. Dadurch können auch Legierungen verformt werden, die für gängige mechanische Fügeverfahren nicht geeignet sind. Zudem kann aufgrund der stark beschleunigten Umformung es nur zu einem minimalen Rückfederungseffekt kommen, wobei mit hoher Präzision und Wiederhohlgenauigkeit gearbeitet werden kann.According to the features of claim 1, in addition to the known from the prior art adhesive connection, a positive connection between the two joining partners, in which the two components are connected to each other by means of electromagnetic pulse shaping. Compared to conventional mechanical form-locking connection processes, no additional mechanical auxiliary elements are required, especially in the case of electromagnetic pulse transformation, and no wear of a stamping tool results. In addition, fiber damage in the plastic component can be reliably prevented. Furthermore, in the case of pulse forming, it is also possible to transform restrictedly cold-workable metals without macrocracks. In comparison to the common mechanical joining methods, the electromagnetic pulse transformation takes place with a considerably higher joining / deformation speed. As a result, it is also possible to deform alloys which are not suitable for common mechanical joining methods. In addition, due to the greatly accelerated reshaping, only a minimal springback effect can occur, it being possible to work with high precision and re-accuracy.

Durch die Kombination des ersten Fügeschrittes, bei dem eine Stoffschlussverbindung erfolgt, mit dem zweiten Fügeschritt, bei dem die elektromagnetische Impulsumformung erfolgt, ergibt sich eine Bauteilverbindung mit äußerst großer Verbindungsfestigkeit.The combination of the first joining step, in which a material connection takes place, with the second joining step, in which the electromagnetic pulse transformation takes place, results in a component connection with extremely high connection strength.

Die im zweiten Fügeschritt durchgeführte elektromagnetische Impulsumformung erfolgt zeitlich nach dem ersten Fügeschritt, bei dem die beiden Bauteile miteinander verklebt werden. Die Formschlussverbindung kann dabei unmittelbar nach dem ersten Fügeschritt erfolgen, das heißt bei noch nicht ausgehärteter Klebeverbindung. Auf diese Weise kann bei noch nicht ausgehärteter Klebeverbindung bereits eine hohe Bindungsfestigkeit erzielt werden und die Weiterverarbeitung prozesssicher – trotz noch nicht vollständig ausgehärteter Klebeverbindung – erfolgen. Dadurch, dass keine Rückfederung zu befürchten ist, bleibt die umgeformte Verbindung dauerhaft formstabil für eine ideale Aushärtung der Klebeverbindung.The electromagnetic pulse transformation carried out in the second joining step takes place after the first joining step, in which the two components are glued together. The form-fitting connection can take place immediately after the first joining step, that is, when not yet cured adhesive bond. In this way, a high bond strength can already be achieved with not yet cured adhesive bond and processing reliably - despite not yet fully cured adhesive bond - done. Due to the fact that no springback is to be feared, the deformed connection remains permanently dimensionally stable for an ideal curing of the adhesive bond.

Um den zweiten Fügeschritt prozesssicher zu gestalten, ist das Kunststoffbauteil vor der Durchführung der elektromagnetischen Impulsumformung in einen umformbaren Zustand zu verbringen. Gemäß einer ersten Ausführungsvariante kann bereits die Fertigung des Kunststoffbauteils derart ausgelegt sein, dass das Kunststoffbauteil schon im Fertigungszustand, das heißt bereits nach seiner Fertigstellung über eine ausreichend große Fließfähigkeit verfügt, mit der das Kunststoffbauteil zerstörungsfrei im zweiten Fügeschritt umformbar ist. Dies ist jedoch nur mit herstellungstechnisch hohem Aufwand erzielbar und entsprechend schwierig zu realisieren.In order to make the second joining step process-reliable, the plastic component is to be brought into a deformable state before the electromagnetic pulse transformation is carried out. According to a first embodiment, the production of the plastic component may already be designed such that the plastic component already in the manufacturing state, that is already after its completion has a sufficiently large flowability with which the plastic component is non-destructively deformable in the second joining step. However, this is achievable only with manufacturing technology high effort and correspondingly difficult to implement.

Demgegenüber kann in einer bevorzugten zweiten Ausführungsvariante dem zweiten Fügeschritt ein Heizschritt vorgelagert sein, mit dem das Thermoplast des Kunststoffbauteils unter Wärmeeinwirkung in den umformbaren Zustand verbracht wird. Beispielhaft kann das Kunststoffbauteil im Heizschritt weitgehend plastifiziert werden.In contrast, in a preferred second embodiment, the second joining step may be preceded by a heating step, with which the thermoplastic of the plastic component is brought into the deformable state under the action of heat. By way of example, the plastic component can be largely plasticized in the heating step.

Bei der Durchführung der elektromagnetischen Impulsumformung im zweiten Fügeschritt kann von der Magnetspule einer Fügevorrichtung ein Kraftimpuls auf das Metallblechteil ausgeübt werden, mit dem das Material des Metallblechteils in das Material des Kunststoffbauteils eingetrieben wird. Dadurch wird unter Materialverformung sowie unter Bildung von Hinterschnitten die Formschlussverbindung zwischen den beiden Bauteilen erzeugt. Das Material des Metallbauteils wird dabei so in das Kunststoffbauteil eingetrieben, dass im Kunststoffbauteil eine Restmaterialstärke aufrechterhalten bleibt. Auf diese Weise ist gewährleistet, dass die vom Kraftimpuls abgewandte Seite der Bauteilverbindung nach wie vor vom Kunststoffmaterial des Kunststoffbauteils vollflächig überdeckt ist. Das Material des Metallblechteils durchstößt daher nicht das Kunststoffbauteil.When carrying out the electromagnetic pulse transformation in the second joining step, a force pulse can be exerted on the sheet metal part by the magnetic coil of a joining device, with which the material of the sheet metal part is driven into the material of the plastic component. As a result, the form-fitting connection between the two components is produced under material deformation as well as the formation of undercuts. The material of the metal component is thereby driven into the plastic component, that a residual material strength is maintained in the plastic component. In this way it is ensured that the side facing away from the force pulse side of the component connection is still covered over the entire surface of the plastic material of the plastic component. The material of the sheet metal part therefore does not pierce the plastic component.

Zur Durchführung der elektromagnetischen Impulsumformung wird als Widerlager für die Bauteilverbindung eine Matrize bereitgestellt, die auf der, der Magnetspule abgewandten Seite der Bauteilverbindung anzuordnen ist. Die Matrize weist zur Steigerung der Formschlussverbindung eine Kavität auf, in die das Material der beiden Bauteile unter Beaufschlagung des Kraftimpulses hineinfließen kann. Die Materialverlagerung erfolgt unter Bildung einer Einprägung auf der matrizenabgewandten Seite der Bauteilverbindung.To carry out the electromagnetic pulse transformation, a matrix is provided as an abutment for the component connection, which is to be arranged on the side of the component connection facing away from the magnetic coil. The die has to increase the positive connection a cavity, in which the material of the two components can flow under the action of the force pulse. The material displacement takes place with the formation of an impression on the side of the component connection facing away from the die.

Gemäß einer Ausführungsform können im ersten Fügeschritt, bei dem die Klebeverbindung erzeugt wird, unter Zwischenlage einer zusätzlichen Klebschicht die beiden Bauteile aneinander gefügt werden. Die Klebschicht kann bevorzugt materialähnlich oder materialidentisch mit dem Thermoplast des Kunststoffbauteils ausgeführt sein. Die Klebschicht erzeugt nicht nur die Stoffschlussverbindung zwischen den beiden Bauteilen, sondern dient zusätzlich auch der elektrischen Isolation sowie der Abdichtung zwischen den beiden Bauteilen.According to one embodiment, in the first joining step, in which the adhesive bond is produced, the two components can be joined together with the interposition of an additional adhesive layer. The adhesive layer may preferably be made of a material-like or material-identical with the thermoplastic of the plastic component. The adhesive layer not only creates the material bond between the two components, but also serves the electrical insulation and the seal between the two components.

Zur Vorbereitung des ersten Fügeschrittes, bei dem die Klebverbindung zwischen den Bauteilen erfolgt, kann ein Heizschritt durchgeführt werden, bei dem das Kunststoffbauteil und/oder die Klebschicht an den Kontaktflächen aufgeschmolzen wird zur Erhöhung der Haftfähigkeit.To prepare the first joining step, in which the adhesive bond between the components takes place, a heating step may be performed, in which the plastic component and / or the adhesive layer is melted at the contact surfaces to increase the adhesion.

Die Kavität der Matrize kann zudem derart ausgelegt sein, dass die Materialumformung der Bauteilverbindung gezielt einstellbar ist. So weist die Matrizen-Kavität mit Bezug auf die Wirkrichtung des Kraftimpulses zumindest einen Hinterschnitt auf, in den das Material der Bauteilverbindung hineinfließen kann. Zur Entformung von der Bauteilverbindung kann die Matrize beispielhaft zweiteilig gestaltet sein, wodurch zum Beispiel zwei Matrizen in einer Entformungsrichtung senkrecht zur Kraftimpuls-Wirkrichtung auseinanderbewegt werden können.The cavity of the die can also be designed such that the material deformation of the component connection is selectively adjustable. Thus, with respect to the effective direction of the force pulse, the matrix cavity has at least one undercut into which the material of the component connection can flow. For demolding of the component connection, the die can be designed, for example, in two parts, whereby, for example, two matrices can be moved apart in a demolding perpendicular to the direction of force-effective direction.

Die vorstehend erläuterten und/oder in den Unteransprüchen wiedergegebenen vorteilhaften Aus- und/oder Weiterbildungen der Erfindung können – außer zum Beispiel in den Fällen eindeutiger Abhängigkeiten oder unvereinbarer Alternativen – einzeln oder aber auch in beliebiger Kombination miteinander zur Anwendung kommen.The advantageous embodiments and / or further developments of the invention explained above and / or reproduced in the dependent claims can be used individually or else in any desired combination with one another, for example in the case of clear dependencies or incompatible alternatives.

Die Erfindung und ihre vorteilhaften Aus- und Weiterbildungen sowie deren Vorteile werden nachfolgend anhand von Zeichnungen näher erläutert.The invention and its advantageous embodiments and further developments and advantages thereof are explained in more detail below with reference to drawings.

Es zeigen:Show it:

1 in einer Teilschnittansicht die Bauteilverbindung gemäß dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel; 1 in a partial sectional view of the component connection according to the first embodiment;

2 Ansichten, die Verfahrensschritte zur Herstellung der in der 1 gezeigten Bauteilverbindung veranschaulichen; 2 Views, the process steps for the preparation of in the 1 illustrate component connection shown;

3 in einer Ansicht entsprechend der 1 eine Bauteilverbindung gemäß dem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel, sowie 3 in a view corresponding to 1 a component connection according to the second embodiment, as well as

4 in einer Ansicht entsprechend der 3 die Verfahrensschritte zur Herstellung der in der 3 gezeigten Bauteilverbindung. 4 in a view corresponding to 3 the process steps for the preparation of in the 3 shown component connection.

In der 1 ist eine Hybridverbindung gemäß einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel gezeigt, bei dem ein Metallblechteil 1 mit einer Kunststoffplatine 3 aus einem faserverstärkten Thermoplast verbunden ist. Die beiden Bauteile 1, 3 sind dabei sowohl durch eine Stoffschlussverbindung I als auch durch eine Formschlussverbindung II miteinander verbunden. Bei der Stoffschlussverbindung I sind die einander zugewandten Kontaktflächen 5 der Kunststoffplatine 3 und des Metallblechteils 1 unmittelbar, das heißt ohne Zwischenlage einer zusätzlichen Klebschicht, miteinander verklebt. Die Formschlussverbindung II ist durch eine elektromagnetische Impulsumformung erzeugt, bei der auf der, der Kunststoffplatine 3 abgewandten Seite des Metallblechteils eine Einprägung 7 mit einer Prägetiefe Δt eingebracht ist, und zwar unter Bildung von Hinterschneidungen 9 in dem Material der weicheren Kunststoffplatine 3, in die hinein das Material des Blechteils 1 verlagert ist. Auf der, der Einprägung 7 abgewandten Seite der Kunststoffplatine 3 ergibt sich eine Ausformung 11, bei der die Kunststoffplatine 3 das Blechteil 1 mit einer Restmaterialstärke Δr überdeckt.In the 1 a hybrid connection according to a first embodiment is shown, in which a sheet metal part 1 with a plastic board 3 made of a fiber-reinforced thermoplastic. The two components 1 . 3 are both by a material connection I as well as by a positive connection II connected with each other. In the material connection I are the facing contact surfaces 5 the plastic board 3 and the sheet metal part 1 directly, ie without interposition of an additional adhesive layer, glued together. The positive connection II is generated by an electromagnetic pulse transformation, in which on the, the plastic board 3 opposite side of the sheet metal part an impression 7 with an embossing depth .DELTA.t is introduced, with the formation of undercuts 9 in the material of the softer plastic board 3 into which the material of the sheet metal part 1 is relocated. On the, the imprint 7 opposite side of the plastic board 3 results in a shape 11 in which the plastic board 3 the sheet metal part 1 covered with a residual material thickness Δr.

Nachfolgend werden anhand der 2 die Prozessschritte zur Herstellung der in der 1 gezeigten Bauteilverbindung beschrieben. So wird gemäß der 2 in einem ersten Prozessschritt a die Kunststoffplatine 3 als ein separates Bauteil bereitgestellt und mittels eines Heizelementes 13 an deren Kontaktfläche 5 zum Metallbauteil 1 erhitzt, um das Thermoplast im Bereich der Kontaktfläche 5 aufzuschmelzen. Anschließend werden in einem zweiten Prozessschritt b die beiden Fügepartner, das heißt das Metallblechteil 1 und die Kunststoffplatine 3, unter Druck miteinander verklebt zur Herstellung der Stoffschlussverbindung I. Die so gebildete Bauteilverbindung wird im Prozessschritt c nochmals erwärmt, um das Thermoplast der Kunststoffplatine 3 in einen umformbaren Zustand zu verbringen. In einer technischen Realisierung können die Prozessschritte a und c zu einem gemeinsamen Prozessschritt zusammengefasst sein. Das heißt es wird die Kunststoffplatine 3 erhitzt, so dass deren Oberfläche schmilzt und über den Querschnitt verformbar wird. Die Erwärmung des Thermoplasten kann auch indirekt durch Wärmeleitung aufgrund der Erwärmung des Bleches (zum Beispiel durch Induktion) erfolgen.The following are based on the 2 the process steps to manufacture in the 1 described component connection described. Thus, according to the 2 in a first process step a, the plastic board 3 provided as a separate component and by means of a heating element 13 at the contact surface 5 to the metal component 1 heated to the thermoplastic in the area of the contact surface 5 melt. Subsequently, in a second process step b, the two joining partners, that is the sheet metal part 1 and the plastic board 3 , glued together under pressure to produce the adhesive connection I , The component connection thus formed is heated again in process step c to the thermoplastic of the plastic board 3 to spend in a workable state. In a technical realization, the process steps a and c can be combined to form a common process step. That means it will be the plastic board 3 heated, so that their surface melts and is deformable over the cross section. The heating of the thermoplastic can also be done indirectly by heat conduction due to the heating of the sheet (for example, by induction).

Im Anschluss wird die erwärmte Bauteilverbindung im Prozessschritt d in eine Umformvorrichtung verbracht, in der die Bauteilverbindung zunächst auf eine Matrize 16 abgelegt wird. Die Kunststoffplatine 3 ist dabei matrizenseitig angeordnet, während das Metallblechteil 1 einer Magnetspule 15 zugewandt angeordnet ist. Mittels der Magnetspule 15 wird im Umformprozess ein kurzzeitiger Kraftimpuls F auf das Metallblechteil 1 ausgeübt, mit dem das Material des Metallblechteils 1 in das Material der Kunststoffplatine 3 eingetrieben wird. Dies erfolgt unter Materialverformung sowie unter Bildung der Hinterschnitte 9 (1), und zwar unter Aufrechterhaltung der Restmaterialstärke Δr in der Kunststoffplatine 3. Die in der Wirkrichtung des Kraftimpulses F gegenüber der Magnetspule 15 angeordnete Matrize 16 weist eine Kavität 17 auf. Bei Ausübung des Kraftimpulses F wird das Material der Bauteilverbindung in die Kavität 17 der Matrize 16 eingetrieben, wodurch sich die oben erwähnte Ausformung 11 ergibt.Subsequently, the heated component connection is moved in process step d in a forming device, in which the component connection first on a die 16 is filed. The plastic board 3 is arranged on the die side, while the sheet metal part 1 a magnetic coil 15 is arranged facing. By means of the magnetic coil 15 In the forming process, a momentary force F on the sheet metal part 1 exercised, with which the material of the sheet metal part 1 in the material of the plastic board 3 is driven. This takes place under material deformation as well as formation of the undercuts 9 ( 1 ), while maintaining the residual material thickness Δr in the plastic board 3 , The in the direction of action of the force pulse F with respect to the magnetic coil 15 arranged die 16 has a cavity 17 on. Upon application of the force pulse F, the material of the component connection is in the cavity 17 the matrix 16 driven, resulting in the above-mentioned shape 11 results.

In der 3 ist eine Hybridverbindung gemäß dem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel gezeigt. Im Unterschied zum ersten Ausführungsbeispiel wird die Stoffschlussverbindung I nicht durch ein unmittelbares Verkleben der Kunststoffplatine 3 mit dem Metallblechteil erzielt, sondern vielmehr unter Zwischenlage einer zusätzlichen Klebschicht 19. Die Klebschicht 19 ist materialidentisch bzw. materialähnlich zum Thermoplast der Kunststoffplatine 3. Wie aus der 3 hervorgeht, erstreckt sich die Klebschicht 19 großflächig sowie durchgängig auch über die lokale Formschlussverbindung II hinweg. Auf diese Weise übernimmt die Klebschicht 19 eine elektrische Isolierung zwischen den beiden Bauteilen 1, 3 sowie eine zusätzliche Dichtfunktion.In the 3 a hybrid connection according to the second embodiment is shown. In contrast to the first embodiment, the material connection I not by a direct bonding of the plastic board 3 achieved with the sheet metal part, but rather with the interposition of an additional adhesive layer 19 , The adhesive layer 19 is material identical or material similar to the thermoplastic of the plastic board 3 , Like from the 3 As can be seen, the adhesive layer extends 19 over a large area as well as consistently via the local positive connection II time. In this way, the adhesive layer takes over 19 an electrical insulation between the two components 1 . 3 as well as an additional sealing function.

Die Herstellung der in der 3 gezeigten Hybridverbindung ist in der 4 schematisch veranschaulicht. Im Unterschied zur 2 fällt hier der Heizschritt a weg, und es werden zu Prozessbeginn die Kunststoffplatine 3, das Blechteil 1 und die Klebschicht 19 separat voneinander bereitgestellt (Prozessschritt b). Im Prozessschritt b werden dann die beiden Fügepartner 1, 3 unter Zwischenlage der Klebschicht 19 miteinander verklebt. Zur Vorbereitung der elektromagnetischen Impulsumformung wird im Prozessschritt c die Hybridverbindung mittels eines weiteren Heizelementes 14 so erwärmt, dass das Thermoplastmaterial in einem umformbaren Zustand verbracht ist. Anschließend erfolgt der Prozessschritt d und e, die analog zum ersten Ausführungsbeispiel durchgeführt werden. In einer alternativen Verfahrensführung kann auch zunächst der Prozessschritt c und daran anschließend der Prozessschritt b erfolgen. Der Klebstoff in der Klebschicht 19 ist typischerweise niedrigviskos.The production of in the 3 The hybrid compound shown is in the 4 illustrated schematically. In contrast to 2 here falls off the heating step a, and it will be at the beginning of the plastic board 3 , the sheet metal part 1 and the adhesive layer 19 provided separately from each other (process step b). In process step b, the two joining partners are then 1 . 3 with the interposition of the adhesive layer 19 glued together. In preparation for the electromagnetic pulse transformation, in the process step c the hybrid connection is made by means of a further heating element 14 heated so that the thermoplastic material is spent in a formable state. Subsequently, the process step d and e, which are carried out analogously to the first embodiment. In an alternative process control, the process step c and subsequently the process step b can also take place first. The adhesive in the adhesive layer 19 is typically low viscosity.

Claims (9)

Verfahren zum Fügen eines Metallbauteils (1) mit einem Kunststoffbauteil (3) aus einem Kunststoff, bei dem die beiden Bauteile (1, 3) in einem ersten Fügeschritt (b) miteinander verklebt werden zur Herstellung einer Stoffschlussverbindung (I), wobei zur Herstellung einer zusätzlichen, insbesondere lokalen Formschlussverbindung (II) die beiden Bauteile (1, 3) in einem zweiten Fügeschritt (d) mittels elektromagnetischer Impulsumformung formschlüssig miteinander verbunden werden, wobei zur Durchführung der elektromagnetischen Impulsumformung im zweiten Fügeschritt (d) als Widerlager für die Bauteilverbindung eine Matrize (16) bereitgestellt wird, wobei die Matrize eine Kavität (17) aufweist, in die unter Beaufschlagung eines Kraftimpulses (F) das Material der Bauteilverbindung hinein verlagerbar ist, und zwar unter Bildung einer Einprägung (7) auf der matrizenabgewandten Seite der Bauteilverbindung, und wobei die Kavität (17) der Matrize (16) mit Bezug auf die Wirkrichtung des Kraftimpulses (F) zumindest einen Hinterschnitt aufweist, in den das Material der Bauteilverbindung hinein verlagert wird.Method for joining a metal component ( 1 ) with a plastic component ( 3 ) made of a plastic, in which the two components ( 1 . 3 ) are glued together in a first joining step (b) to produce a cohesive connection ( I ), wherein for the production of an additional, in particular local form-fitting connection ( II ) the two components ( 1 . 3 ) in a second joining step (d) by means of electromagnetic pulse transformation are positively connected to each other, wherein for performing the electromagnetic pulse transformation in the second joining step (d) as an abutment for the component connection a die ( 16 ), wherein the die has a cavity ( 17 ), in which the material of the component connection is displaceable under the action of a force pulse (F), to form an impression ( 7 ) on the matrizenabgewandten side of the component connection, and wherein the cavity ( 17 ) of the die ( 16 ) with respect to the effective direction of the force pulse (F) has at least one undercut into which the material of the component connection is displaced into. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Kunststoffbauteil (3) ein faserverstärktes Kunststoffbauteil ist und vor der Durchführung des zweiten Fügeschritts (d) in einen umformbaren Zustand verbracht wird.Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the plastic component ( 3 ) is a fiber-reinforced plastic component and is brought into a deformable state before performing the second joining step (d). Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zusammensetzung des Kunststoffbauteils (3) derart ausgelegt ist, dass es bereits im Fertigungszustand, das heißt nach seiner Fertigstellung, über eine ausreichend große Fließfähigkeit verfügt, mit der das Bauteil (3) zerstörungsfrei im zweiten Fügeschritt (d) umformbar ist.A method according to claim 2, characterized in that the composition of the plastic component ( 3 ) is designed so that it already in the manufacturing state, that is, after its completion, has a sufficiently large flowability with which the component ( 3 ) is non-destructively deformable in the second joining step (d). Verfahren nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Matrixmaterial des faserverstärkten Kunststoffteils (3), in dem die Verstärkungsfasern eingebettet sind, ein Thermoplast ist.A method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the matrix material of the fiber-reinforced plastic part ( 3 ), in which the reinforcing fibers are embedded, is a thermoplastic. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dem zweiten Fügeschritt (d) ein Heizschritt (c) vorgelagert ist, mit dem der Thermoplast des Kunststoffbauteils (3) unter Wärmeinwirkung in den umformbaren Zustand verbracht wird.A method according to claim 4, characterized in that the second joining step (d) is preceded by a heating step (c), with which the thermoplastic of the plastic component ( 3 ) is brought into the deformable state under the action of heat. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im zweiten Fügeschritt (d) bei der Durchführung der elektromagnetischen Impulsumformung ein Kraftimpuls (F) auf das Metallblechteil (1) ausgeübt wird, mit dem das Material des Metallblechteils (1) in das Material des Kunststoffbauteils (3) eingetrieben wird, und dass unter Materialverformung und unter Bildung von Hinterschnitten (9) die Formschlussverbindung (II) erzeugt wird.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the second joining step (d) in the implementation of the electromagnetic pulse transformation, a force pulse (F) on the sheet metal part ( 1 ) is applied, with which the material of the sheet metal part ( 1 ) in the material of the plastic component ( 3 ) and that under material deformation and undercuts ( 9 ) the positive connection ( II ) is produced. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im ersten Fügeschritt (b) unter Zwischenlage einer zusätzlichen Klebschicht (19) die beiden Bauteile (1, 3) aneinander gefügt werden, und dass insbesondere die Klebschicht (19) materialähnlich oder materialidentisch mit dem Matrixmaterial des Kunststoffbauteils (3) ist.Method according to one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that in the first joining step (b) with the interposition of an additional adhesive layer ( 19 ) the two components ( 1 . 3 ) are joined together, and that in particular the adhesive layer ( 19 ) material-like or material identical to the matrix material of the plastic component ( 3 ). Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dem ersten Fügeschritt (b) ein Heizschritt (a) vorgelagert ist, bei dem das Kunststoffbauteil (3) und/oder die Klebschicht (19) an den Kontaktflächen (5) aufgeschmolzen wird.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first joining step (b) is preceded by a heating step (a), in which the plastic component ( 3 ) and / or the adhesive layer ( 19 ) at the contact surfaces ( 5 ) is melted. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der zweite Fügeschritt (d) noch während der Aushärtung der im ersten Fügeschritt (b) hergestellten Klebeverbindung durchgeführt wird.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second joining step (d) is carried out during the curing of the adhesive joint produced in the first joining step (b).
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