DE102012019248A1 - Tower Crane - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a tower crane with a tower, which is rotatably mounted on a supported on the ground base and carries a boom, wherein the tower and / or the boom are braced by a guy. The invention relates in particular to a so-called sub-tower tower crane, in which the tower sits on a revolving stage which is rotatably mounted about an upright axis on the substructure, and carries a preferably adjustable boom. According to the invention, the substructure is composed of a plurality of substructure supports, each forming a container freight item. Due to the modular construction of the substructure of modules forming container freight units, the substructure can be transported on conventional container trucks. The tower and boom bracing are designed in such a way that the bracing can remain squeezed on the crane for transport. The tower can be built up and dismantled by a climbing device with a tiltable climbing shield with hydraulic drive.

Description

The present invention relates to a tower crane with a tower, which is rotatably mounted on a supported on the ground base and carries a boom, wherein the tower and / or the boom are braced by a guy. The invention relates in particular to a so-called sub-tower tower crane, in which the tower sits on a revolving stage which is rotatably mounted about an upright axis on the substructure, and carries a preferably adjustable boom.

Cranes have always been in the need to reach high lifting heights and thereby lift relatively high loads. More recently, the requirement has been added or become more important, the crane quickly build and dismantle and be able to transport in a simple way, as for certain construction projects or lifting tasks, a crane is only needed in the short term and is no longer used for months on the same site ,

For a crane power range with lifting heights of 100 m, 160 m and higher as well as payloads of 100 t, 130 t and heavier different crane systems can be used. The focus of this required performance comes from the assembly of, for example, wind turbines, whose development in size continues to increase.

One of the possible crane systems for this application are so-called top-slewing tower cranes with a jib or jib, which operate on a standing tower and can be rotated relative to the tower around the longitudinal axis of the tower. The tower usually stands on an undercarriage with central ballast or on foundation anchors. Freestanding these cranes without Turmabspannung but limited in height. In order to enable use for high lifting heights, it is necessary that the tower can be supported horizontally at high altitudes towards the structure. However, this is difficult and often not possible depending on the construction or construction progress.

Another possible crane system for the stated purpose are so-called bottom-slewing tower cranes, which can be designed as a mobile crane, lattice boom crane with luffing or tower crane with an adjustable boom. The tower carrying the boom here is itself rotatable about an upright axis and stands on a revolving platform which is rotatably mounted about the said upright axle on a substructure or undercarriage. Such cranes usually have a bracing of the boom and / or the tower to the revolving stage, in order to stabilize the boom or the tower in addition and thereby achieve greater hook heights in freestanding crane. In addition to the fact that can be dispensed with a horizontal support to the building out, there is another significant advantage such Untendreher tower cranes with adjustable boom is that the crane is constructed at low hook height and then increased or extended depending on the required hook height of the tower can be climbed by tower pieces in the tower. The required mounting surface is very small.

However, this is not the case with mobile or crawler cranes with lattice boom, since the boom must be mounted and stored in its entire length on the ground before the boom can then be unpacked or mounted as a unit in the working position. This requires a very large mounting surface.

On the other hand, the assembly times and also the transportability have been unsatisfactory or in need of improvement in the above-mentioned tower-type tower crane with adjustable boom so far. Erection and disassembly times of 3-4 weeks are quite common for a tower-type slewing tower crane with adjustable boom, but are only acceptable for construction site missions that go on for months. The transport of the crane is also difficult because the large transport dimensions and the very high individual weights of the crane parts require special transport.

For certain lifting tasks and applications, however, the service life of the cranes is very short. For example, for the construction of wind turbines, the operating time of the cranes is only 2-3 weeks, depending on the size of the wind turbine. This means that the time for the assembly and disassembly and the transport of the crane from one location to the next must be kept small, which can only be achieved with convenient assembly handling and easy-to-handle transport logistics. The assembly and disassembly should only take 2-3 days for such applications. The transport should be done with standard trucks.

For top slewing tower cranes has already been proposed to build the Katzausleger telescoping boom parts that can be transported in the telescoped state as container cargo, but still form a continuous track for the trolley in the assembled state with the lower straps, see. DE 10 2004 044 182 B4 , In the case of the sub-rotter tower cranes mentioned above, however, the transport problem so far is less in the transportability of the jib parts, but in the transportability of the substructure, which has to carry the powerful revolving stage and the tower arranged thereon and Due to its dimensions, it often requires special transport. On the other hand, the adjustable bracing for the adjustable boom or for the tower are so far difficult to assemble or disassemble, since the often multiple Einscherungen for the guy ropes and must be threaded out. Also, the climbing device for climbing the tower pieces delayed in sub-rotators tower cranes assembly or disassembly and transport.

On this basis, the present invention seeks to provide an improved tower crane of the type mentioned, which avoids the disadvantages of the prior art and the latter further advantageously. In particular, a cost-effective turret tower crane is to be created, which can be assembled and disassembled and thus ready for use with minimal assembly handling in a very short time and whose transport dimensions and weights of its parts do not require any special transport.

According to the invention, said object is achieved by a tower crane according to one of claims 1, 9 and 17. Preferred embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims. To solve the problem mentioned is proposed to give the base of the tower crane a modular design and to design the components so that they can be traded and transported by conventional container conveyors and vehicles. According to the invention, the substructure is composed of a plurality of substructure girders, each forming a container freight item. Due to the modular structure of the substructure of container cargo modules forming the substructure can be easily transported on conventional container trucks, wherein the container freight pieces forming substructure are advantageously such that not only the maximum permissible vehicle width, but also the permissible transport weights or Axle loads are respected.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, said container cargo pieces themselves form a container unit which can be stacked or connected in a manner known per se with other standard containers. For this purpose, each of the above-mentioned substructure carriers may each be provided on the front side with container containers which are compatible with standard containers and, with respect to their dimensions, may be designed such that the dimensions applicable to standard containers are complied with. As an alternative to forming the aforementioned container connection pieces on the substructure supports themselves, the invention can be provided in an advantageous development that a transport frame can be connected to the substructure supports at the front ends, for example by attachment to frontal coupling pieces, which can be provided on the substructure support the said transport frame each have container containers compatible with standard containers. Accordingly, a substructure can be converted by attaching two frontal transport frame to a container unit, which can then be transported in a conventional manner on a conventional container truck or moved with other container handling means. Such a convertibility to container units by the attachment of transport frame may be particularly advantageous if a substructure is composed of several pieces, for example, to be able to provide a standard container dimensions bordering sub-contractors. In this case, the connecting or coupling elements, by means of which two sub-carrier parts can be assembled and rigidly connected to each other, can be used simultaneously to install a said transport frame.

If, however, in an advantageous development, the container connection pieces are attached to the edge-side or end-side end portions of the substructure girders themselves or integrated therein, the disassembly and loading and thus the transport process can be further accelerated, since the cultivation of separate transport frames is eliminated.

In an advantageous development of the invention, the substructure consists of only three substructure girders, namely two longitudinal girders and a crossbeam connecting the longitudinal girders, each of which forms a container unit or can be loaded in the manner mentioned as a container unit. As a result, the entire substructure can be transported by only three container trucks. The connection between the cross member and the two side members can advantageously be done via bolts, which are advantageously hydraulically inserted and pulled, but optionally also driven in another way or can be manually switched on and knocked out. By bolting the substructure beams together a rapid assembly and disassembly can be combined with the necessary strength and safety.

Additional equipment, attachments or functional components of the crane, such as drive components, can be advantageously attached to the substructure supports mentioned. In an advantageous embodiment of the invention can be installed in one of the substructure, in particular in one of the longitudinal members, for example, a power unit for powering the crane and / or a hydraulic unit for actuating the locks or Verbolzungen in the substructure and / or substructure supports be. Alternatively or additionally, a rotary drive for rotating the seated on the base turntable may be installed in said substructure or in another substructure, in particular the said cross member, optionally also a divisible turntable, which is connected via bolts or screws to the revolving stage, can be provided on the substructure.

In particular, the substructure girders, in particular the mentioned longitudinal girders, may be provided with bottom supports which can be retracted and extended between an extended working position and a retracted transport position located within the container freight item dimensions, wherein said bottom support preferably adjoins or projects into the substructure support at the front side retractable and movable away from it again end plate comprises, which forms a support plate, the end face in the transporting position end face plate and supported in the extended working position the substructure support on the ground.

The said floor support can basically be articulated in different ways to the substructure support or be movable relative thereto. In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the ground support can be pivotally articulated to the substructure, advantageously an adjusting mechanism or a Abstützstellantriebvorrichtung may be provided by means of which or by means of which the ground support is automatically retractable and extendable and the substructure can be leveled. In this case, by means of a pivoting suspension and associated pivot drive the frontal folding can be accomplished to the substructure and leveling done by means of a translationally displaceable mounting on said swivel linkage and an associated leveling drive.

In order to enable the crane when set up on the construction site, for example in a wind park from wind turbine to wind turbine, the substructure can be coupled with a vehicle or a drive car in an advantageous development of the invention, preferably such that the substructure can be placed on the traction drive and from this raised from the ground is movable, so to speak, to be transported piggyback. In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the substructure for this purpose may have a total bridge-like structure, so that the transport vehicle, in particular a transport caterpillar, for moving the substructure under a spaced-apart from the bottom bridge part of the substructure is retractable. The aforementioned bridge part, which may be formed in particular by the aforementioned cross member of the substructure, which connects the two side members together, is in particular in the ground supported state of the substructure spaced from the ground so far that said dolly is retractable below, wherein the Dolly with the base can be releasably rigidly connected, for example, can be bolted.

On the one hand to allow the retraction under said bridge part, on the other hand, but to be able to lift the substructure from the ground, in principle a height-adjustable transport vehicle can be used, for example, a transport caterpillar with liftable and lowerable caterpillars. In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the retraction under the bridge part and the release of the substructure from the ground can also be done by the aforementioned height-adjustable ground support, which allows height adjustment of the ground support to retract with the trolley under the bridge part, then by lowering, d. H. relative to the substructure to move up the ground support, set down the bridge part on the trolley and to achieve the necessary ground clearance by further upward driving the ground support. Conversely, to be able to release the trolley after the crane has been moved back from the substructure and to be able to drive out, the ground support can be moved down so far that said bridge part of the substructure is lifted from the trolley upwards.

The substructure of the substructure may be formed in an advantageous embodiment of the invention as a truss. As a result, a low weight can be achieved with the highest strength, which allows a road transport with conventional container trucks.

In order to further significantly shorten the disassembly or assembly time, according to a further advantageous aspect of the present invention, the bracing of the tower and / or the jib of the crane is designed such that the bracing or at least substantial parts thereof can remain on the crane during transport , In particular, the bracing is designed such that a guy rope does not have to be threaded out of the burglar bottles in order to be able to transport the crane. According to the invention, the bracing comprises at least one adjustable, single or multiple reeved bracing member having at at least one end of the bracing member a detachable from the guyed crane part Einscher bottle means, wherein a storage drum is provided for winding and storing the guy rope with dissolved bottle means, which storage drum a tower or boom part is arranged, on which the detachable bottle device opposite end of the guy rope and / or is deflected. Especially For example, said adjustable abutment part on one side comprise a detachable, for example abbolzbaren bottle block, while the corresponding corresponding bottle block remains on another boom or tower part on which a storage drum is arranged to the guy rope, by releasing the bottle block to run loose, to be able to spool. As a result, the guy rope can be stowed for transport, without threading out the reeving or having to shear out the guy rope. Conversely, when mounting the crane, the guy rope does not have to be laboriously threaded into the bottles of the reeving.

The adjustable bracing can in this case basically be designed differently, for example, a separate boom bracing can be provided for the boom and a separate tower bracing for the tower. In a further development of the invention, however, the bracing for the adjustable boom can also be connected to the Turmabspannung, so that the forces are introduced from the boom bracing in the Turmabspannung and a load-dependent Turmabspannung is achieved. Depending on which load acts on the boom, there is a varying, load-dependent force in the tower bracing.

In order to allow for easy transport stowage of the tower and boom bracing, in an advantageous embodiment of the invention, a separation point between the cranes connected tower and Auslegerabspannungen provided, in particular in the area of a counter jib and / or in the area between a spire and a counter-jib , The end points of the connecting guy ropes can be advantageously attached to the disassembly on separate, possibly pivotable support arms, one of which is mounted on the tower top and the other on the counter-jib, so that for the transport state of the end point of the boom guy rope to the spire and the end point the Turmabspannseiles can be performed to the counter-jib.

In a development of the invention, the tensioning part forming the boom bracing can comprise a shear-off bottle device detachable from the boom, wherein the aforementioned storage drum can be arranged for storing the guy rope with the bottle device loosened for transport to a tower part, in particular the tower top. Accordingly, the guy rope of the boom brace can be reeled onto the storage drum at the tower part or spire when the boom is broken off from the boom brace. A Ausfädeln from the Einscherung or Einscher bottle device is not necessary for this.

Is in the aforementioned manner, the boom bracing connected to the Turmabspannung, after loosening the joint, the end of the boom guy rope can be placed on the said storage drum or attached thereto to wind from this end forth the guy rope.

The tensioning part forming the tower bracing can in an advantageous development of the invention comprise a bottle device which can be detached from a revolving platform, so that the turret tensioning cable can be wound upwards when the revolving platform bottle is released. The storage drum provided for this purpose can be arranged on the counter-jib or a tower upper part, from which the counter-jib goes off. On the said storage drum, for example, the separate from the boom guy rope end of Turmzugspannseils be attached. In development of the invention, however, the storage drum for winding the Turmzugspannseils be formed by the Turmabspann-adjusting, which advantageously in the region of the counter-jib and / or on an upper tower part, from which the counter-jibs, can be arranged. The storage drum or Turmabspanntrommel keeps the Turmzugspannseil thus not only in the transport state, but also in the normal operating condition of the tower crane and allows it especially when connected tower and boom bracing to keep the Turmabspannseil in the desired length.

It thus advantageously also the Turmabspannseil remains in the sheared state when it is wound for transport on said storage drum or Turmabspanntrommel. The separate from the boom guy rope end of Turmzugspannseils can be easily struck on the counter-jib.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the arrangement of the hoisting rope or its shearing is such that the hoist rope can remain in the state of transport of the crane in the sheared state. The hoist rope, which can run off in a conventional manner single or multiple sheared from the jib tip can be struck in the intended operating condition of the crane with one end on the boom or there provided Einscherblock, while the other end on the boom and the tower for Tower foot or there or provided on the revolving hoist winch can be performed. In order to be able to stow the hoist rope from the reeving on the boom without unthreading, the invention can be provided in an advantageous development that the end of the hoist rope attached to the boom part or the cutter block can be loosened and fastened to a storage drum which is provided on said boom part from which the hoist rope runs down. On the other hand, the hoist rope is released from the hoist winch arranged on the revolving platform or another suitable location, so that the hoist rope can be rewound from the hoist drum to the said storage reel at the boom tip.

In order to accomplish the assembly and disassembly of the tower crane quickly and safely with easy-to-control means, according to a further aspect of the present invention, a climbing device for climbing tower pieces in the tower is provided on a tower guide part, in which the tower pieces are inserted is arranged and has an approximately parallel to the tower longitudinal axis and retractable climbing shield which is tiltably mounted about a tilting axis of the tower guide part such that the climbing shield on the tower is tilted away to and from the tower to with / from einkletternden tower piece in and to be disengaged. The climbing shield can by cyclically tipping back and forth and up the respective climbing tower piece stepwise or push piece by piece up until the respective tower piece is completely climbed up or is space for a new, einzubiebendes tower piece. In particular, after inserting a tower piece into the tower guide piece, the climbing shield can be tilted or folded onto the tower piece, so that the climbing shield is in positive engagement with the tower piece, in order then to drive the climbing shield and thus the tower piece a bit upwards Then climb the climbing shield, drive down and fold back to the tower piece to cyclically repeat the above process.

To keep the respective tower section and the tower resting on it vertical with vertical tilted climbing shield and secure against sliding downwards, so that the climbing shield can follow, d. H. drive down and attack there again, the climbing device has in development of the invention, at least one Auflageraste for holding the tower piece at weggekipptem climbing shield, which can be advantageously designed as a rocker pivotally mounted about the same tilt axis as the climbing shield and the tower piece can be brought into engagement. In order to keep the tower piece stable and distribute the resulting pressure, a plurality of such Auflagerasten can be provided, which are advantageously mounted pivotably about the common tilting axis. The above Aufastasten each move into its engaged position when the climbing shield reaches its intended upper end position and approaches this, where appropriate, the climbing shield after snapping the Auflagerasten can be moved back a little way down to settle the tower piece so to speak on the Auflagerasten and only then tip over to continue down. If the climbing shield grips the tower section again and pushes it upwards a further distance, the aforementioned support buttons move into an out of engagement position so that the tower section can travel upwards a bit further.

In an advantageous development of the invention, the abovementioned support keys and the climbing shield engage the same engagement contours on the tower section, so that no two-sided engagement contours for the climbing shield and the support buttons are to be provided on the tower sections. The latter would be possible in principle, d. H. separate engagement contours for the support button and separate engagement contours for the climbing shield, each of which can be optimally adapted to their respective task. In the sense of a simple structuring of the tower pieces, the support keys for holding the tower pieces when the climbing shield is tilted away engage the same engagement contours of the tower piece as the climbing shield itself.

The aforementioned engagement contours can in principle be designed differently, wherein they preferably act positively in the manner of a stop. In particular, the tower pieces may have on adjacent corner posts, in particular on the facing inner sides, engagement contours for the climbing board or the Auflagerasten, which are arranged in the tower longitudinal direction grid-like spaced from each other in order to climb the tower pieces stepwise upwards. The aforementioned engagement contours may be in particular stepped recesses and / or projections, wherein in an advantageous embodiment of the invention may be provided on the Eckstielinnenseiten projecting engagement cam.

In order to achieve a space-saving, compact but nevertheless stable design of the climbing device, the climbing shield can be moved up and down by means of at least one pressure medium cylinder which is advantageously rigidly connected to the climbing shield and tiltable together with the climbing shield around said tilting axis. Basically, in this case a single, preferably acting centrally on the climbing shield pressure cylinder be provided, which may be provided in a further development of the invention advantageously also two or more pressure cylinder, the arrangement can be made in particular such that the pressure cylinder attack laterally right and left on the climbing shield and are rigidly connected to the climbing shield, so that the pressure medium cylinder together with the climbing shield a together form a tiltable unit, which allows by retracting and retracting the pressure cylinder, a raising and lowering of the climbing shield.

In particular, said at least one pressure medium cylinder with its cylinder unit can be pivotably mounted on the tower guide piece about the aforementioned tilt axis of the climbing device, while the piston rod engages said climbing shield. In order to enable the tilting movement already explained on the tower and away from the tower, in an advantageous development, a Stellaktor attack in the region of the collar of the pivotally mounted cylinder part, in particular with a longitudinal axis of the pressure medium cylinder unit transverse axis of action, so that the pressure medium cylinder unit together with the attached climbing shield can be tilted around the tilt axis back and forth. The said Stellaktor can basically be designed differently, for example a cable or a threaded spindle drive. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the Stellaktor may be a preferably two-fold pressure cylinder, the pressure fluid actuated on and can be extended and attack on the one hand on the tower guide piece and on the other hand on the collar of the pressure cylinder for pushing out the climbing shield or a tipping bearing part associated with it.

Instead of the described pressure medium drive, it would also be possible in principle to operate the climbing shield by other drive devices up and down, for example via a cable mechanism with winch or a threaded spindle. By using a pressure cylinder for raising and lowering the climbing shield, especially in conjunction with the aforementioned tiltability, however, a particularly small-sized and easy-to-control climbing device can be created, which is in a simple manner in and out of action bring bar.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the arrangement is in this case made such that the pressure medium cylinder act substantially parallel to the tower longitudinal axis, in particular more or less directly on the outside of the respective tower section. In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the said tilting axis can extend transversely to the longitudinal axis of the tower substantially directly on the outside of the tower section to be climbed, so that the pressure medium cylinders are subjected essentially exclusively to pressure or tension, but not to bending.

The tower pieces of the tower are advantageously connected to one another by plug connections with each other, wherein the connectors can advantageously comprise retractable in the corner posts of the tower pieces locking pins. Advantageously, each tower piece at one end of the corner stems frontally projecting Einsteckbolzen include while at the opposite end of the corner stems include insertion, which are adapted to fit the locking pin. As a result, one of two tower pieces to be connected to one another can be inserted with said locking pins into the end-side recesses or the interior of the corner stems of the other tower section.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, said connectors comprise a locking device to lock the connectors in the insertion direction. For this purpose, advantageously transverse locking bolts can be provided, which are retractable transversely to the longitudinal direction of the corner handles in the corner handles and plug-in pins inserted therein. The mentioned transverse locking bolts can basically be actuated manually, but in an advantageous development of the invention, it can be activated and retracted by a third-party. The drive device for retracting and extending the transverse locking bolt can basically be designed differently, wherein in an advantageous embodiment of the invention, a pressure medium actuator may be provided in particular in the form of a hydraulic press, which can extend and retract the transverse locking pin.

To the tower in crane operation, d. H. after climbing the desired number of tower pieces to support, in particular to absorb the vertical forces are provided in the invention on the tower guide piece under the corner posts of the last tower piece mobile Turmabstützelemente that can be advantageously designed in the form of pivoting levers to a climbing position, in the the said support element are positioned outside the envelope contour of the tower pieces to be climbed, being able to be pivoted into a support position in which the support element lies under the corner posts of the tower and / or within the envelope contour of the tower. The support elements may in this case be designed such that they are supported in the support position referred to two cross struts of the tower guide piece, which cross struts depart from a respective corner post of the tower guide piece, so that the respective support member so to speak, the corner of the tower section cuts off or bridged and supported on both sides ,

Alternatively or in addition to the above-mentioned pivotable design of the supporting elements, a plug connection can be provided between the abovementioned supporting elements and the corner posts of the last clambered tower section, in particular in such a way that provided on the supporting elements Insert locking pin in the frontal recesses of the corner stems, for example, such that the climbing device after pivoting of the support elements, the tower a piece far away.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, said plug-in connection between the support elements and corner posts of the last tower section can be locked by a locking device. In particular, the aforementioned cross-locking bolts can be used for this purpose, by means of which two tower pieces are locked together. The transverse locking bolts on the bottom tower section travel transversely to the corner post longitudinal direction into the corner posts and the plug pins of the supporting elements inserted therein, so that the tower is securely locked on the tower guide piece.

In addition to the support elements mentioned, which absorb the vertical forces of the tower in crane operation, the tower in the tower guide piece is also guided laterally against tilting, advantageously provided at the edge of the tower guide piece sliding guide elements, on the one hand up or down pushing the tower pieces when climbing on the other hand, support the tower in crane operation transverse to the tower longitudinal axis on the tower guide piece.

In order to facilitate the climbing process, the insertion and removal of the tower pieces in the tower guide piece on the revolving platform of the crane, in the invention, a feed preferably hanging on the revolving platform of the crane and / or the tower guide piece are attached, which supply in the intended operating position extends under the tower guide piece open at the bottom. Said feed piece can in this case comprise a carriageway transversely to the longitudinal direction of the door and a transport carriage movable thereon, by means of which a tower section can be conveniently and precisely retracted under the tower guide piece, from where the tower section can then be clamped by the above-described climbing device.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to a preferred embodiment and associated drawings. In the drawings show:

1 FIG. 2: a side view of a vertical slewing tower crane with adjustable boom in the described capacity, FIG.

2 : the crane the 1 in the smallest construction height. From this height, the crane can build itself,

3 : the necessary transport volume and transport weight of such a crane. All components are transported in containers or as containers,

4 : the crane in the basic structure in conjunction with a transport crawler for moving the crane,

5 : the crane substructure consisting of only three containers assembled with hydraulically swiveling outriggers,

6 : one of the two containers with the extendable hydraulic support,

7 : one of the two containers with the drain of the hydraulic support,

8th : an overview of the various rope shears of hoist rope, adjusting cable and a guy rope in crane operation,

9 : the hoist rope in crane operation,

10 : the storage of the hoist rope on a storage drum for transport with hooked hooks as a complete unit with the boom tip,

11 : the storage of the hoist rope on a storage drum for transport with hooked hooks as a complete unit with the boom tip,

12 : the boom adjustment rope insertion in crane operation,

13 the storage of the boom adjustment cable on a storage drum for transport as a complete unit with the spire,

14 the storage of the boom adjustment cable on a storage drum for transport as a complete unit with the spire,

15 : the course of the Turmabspannseiles in crane operation with a traveling role to get a small Seilaufspulwinkel

16 : the storage of the guy rope for transporting with lifted rope bottle as complete transport unit of the counterpart jib,

17 : essentially the same design as 15 and 16 , only without traveling roll and thus with a larger rope winding angle,

18 : essentially the same design as 15 and 16 , only without traveling roll and thus with a larger rope winding angle,

19 : the crane substructure with revolving platform and tower guide piece for the installation of the device for climbing tower sections,

20 : the device for the introduction of the tower sections with carriageway and trolley for attachment to the revolving stage or to the substructure for the climbing process,

21 : the equipment attached to the revolving stage or substructure, as in 20 described,

22 a tower piece in the retracted position for the climbing process,

23 an already bolted tower piece being climbed

24 : another tower section on the trolley for retraction for another climbing process,

25 : the tower bolt connection, consisting of pins and housing with hydraulic bolt slide unit,

26 : the swiveling pins for the tower support in crane operation with locking in swung out position during tower climbing,

27 : the pivotable pins for the tower support in crane operation with locking in the pivoted state before setting down the tower,

28 : the swiveling pins for the tower support in crane operation with locking after the tower has been set down,

29 : the beginning of the climbing process with the still retracted hydraulic presses,

30 : the climbing step with max. extended hydraulic presses,

31 : the bearing point of the climbing device with the support flaps for settling the tower for the next climbing step,

32 : the side view of the climbing unit with climbing shield, hydraulic presses and support flaps, and hydraulic press for the on and Ausschwenkvorgang the climbing unit, and

33 : A schematic representation of the climbing device with climbing shield, hydraulic cylinder for the climbing shield and Abstützrasten in a side view in the direction of the tilt axis of the climbing device, the partial views (a) - (e) show a climbing cycle with up and down and swinging back and forth of the climbing shield ,

1 shows the crane in a possible built-up condition with substructure 1 , built-on revolving stage 2 with a container built transversely on the revolving platform, which drives the hoist winch 3 and boom adjustment winch 4 , as well as part of the switchgear 5 includes. Furthermore, a divisible rotary joint between the substructure 1 and the revolving stage 2 arranged, as well as the slewing gears 6 , With the revolving stage is the tower guide piece 7 in which the climbing device is also connected.

With a small mobile crane, the crane is at a basic height, see 2 , built up. Starting from this position, the crane tower can be climbed by climbing tower pieces 8th be climbed to its required operating height. At the upper end of the tower is a link piece 9 to which the spire 10 , the boom 11 and the counter-jib 12 are attached. The counter-jib 12 is guyed to the spire 13 , The boom is over a rope shearing 14 through the boom adjustment winch 4 adjusted. The rope end 32 from the adjustment cable 27 is coupled with the rope end 33 of the tower guy rope 28 , This gives a statically advantageous load-dependent Turmabspannung, see 8th ,

The Turmabspannung to the revolving stage can also be designed as Y-bracing, thereby obtaining an even better lateral stabilization of the tower.

The tower guy winch 16 is for transport reasons for the maintenance of the rope insertion on the counter-jib 12 arranged. With parallel multiple rope insertion between counter-jib and revolving platform the necessary rope length for all tower heights is stored on the drum. For transport, the rope bottle 17 from the revolving stage 2 solved and the rope on the drum of the Turmabspannwinde 16 coiled until the rope bottle rests against the jib and is fastened if necessary.

If the bracing is designed as Y-bracing, rope drums are used with coupled or separate drive with two separate ropes, emanating from the center of the counter jib in the direction of the boom and at an expanding angle from the counter jib to the pulleys on the outsides of the transverse run on the turntable constructed drive container and continue to be led back to the fixed point on the counter-jib. The Y-bracing can be designed as single or multiple rope shearing and, if necessary, can be coupled to the boom bracing for static reasons.

4 shows the crane with low hook height on substructure in conjunction with a transport crawler 18 , To a quick transfer of the crane z. B. in wind farms, the use of a transport crawler is advantageous if allow the local soil and terrain conditions. With a transport crawler, the transfer from one investment to the next is max. possible in one day. Without a caterpillar, it takes about 4 to 5 days to dismantle, transport and rebuild the crane.

For the crawler transport, the crane is lowered to the smallest hook / tower height and a part of the counterweight is removed from the revolving platform to reduce the transport weight and to obtain a high level of stability during transport due to a low center of gravity of the crane.

The transport caterpillar can be moved independently by its own generator set and, for example, can be equipped with a platform and used to transport the tower sections and counterweight plates.

For the transport of the crane, the caterpillar will be under the substructure 1 driven and hydraulically connected with bolts. By retracting the hydraulic crane support, the crane is transferred to the caterpillar and transferred to the next site. After ballasting and climbing in necessary tower sections, the crane is ready for use again. The caterpillar can be used for other cranes when several of them are in use in the wind farm.

5 . 6 and 7 show the substructure of the crane. The 5 shows the substructure in 3D representation in the assembled operational condition.

The substructure will only consist of three containers 19 . 20 and 21 assembled. The connection between a cross member and two side rails via bolts, which are hydraulically inserted and pulled. In a side member 20 is the generator 22 installed for the complete power supply of the crane, as well as the hydraulic power unit 25 for all under-body latches and hydraulic underbody supports, which are hydraulically swung out of the ends of the side members. In the substructure middle part are the slewing drives, as well as the divisible turntable, which is connected via bolts to the revolving stage.

6 shows the support container 19 with the hydraulic swing-out support 23 and the support cylinder 24 ,

All containers comply with the permitted ISO container dimensions, weights and integrated corner castings.

7 shows the supporting process of the support container in four stages. step 1 Transport position of the container 19 , Support pivoted in and locked. step 2 , Container 19 , Beginning of Ausschwenkvorgangs the support device via power assisted pivot mechanism 23 (eg electric spindle, hydraulic press, etc.). step 3 shows the container 19 fully swung out with support device and the swivel mechanism 23 is locked. step 4 shows container 19 This is to get around a vertical axis of rotation of the crane, over the support cylinder 24 leveled. The leveling process can also be done automatically by a leveling device.

In the previous Untendreher cranes, the time required for assembly and disassembly for the Seileinscherungen was considerable, since all the ropes were emaciated during disassembly and reevaluated during assembly, as they go through crane components that must be disassembled for transport.

A significant advantage of this invention is that a solution has been found which offers an excellent advantage for assembly and disassembly, that does not require shearing and repeated shearing of the ropes.

The 8th gives a schematic overview of the different ropes and their course through the crane construction, which are described individually below.

The hoist rope 26 (please refer 9 ) runs from the hoist drum 3 on the revolving stage 2 about the counter-jib 12 to the spire 10 and on to the boom top 11 , Load hook 34 and load hook insertion 29 with fixed point 31 as a knuckle on the jib tip.

An advantageous way of installing and removing the rope is that a motor driven or manually driven storage drum 35 is fixed in the area of the cantilever tip (see 10 ). In this embodiment, the load hook is first 34 moved to the boom tip and fastened there and bolted over tabs or tethers. Thus, boom tip, load hook and storage drum with hoist rope are a transport unit (see 11 ).

The rope end with thimble 31 is from the boom tip 11a solved and on the storage drum 35 attached (see 11 ). Then the hoist rope becomes 26 from the hoist drum 3 on the storage drum 35 rewound, but the load hook remains reeved and the rope end of the hoist drum is secured before reaching the hook hook insertion. This possibility is a faster installation and removal of the rope, as well as protection against contamination and rope damage.

The control of the storage drum is advantageously carried out directly in their vicinity.

The boom adjustment cable 27 runs from the adjusting winch 4 on the revolving stage 2 to the counter-jib 12 continue to the top of the tower 10 and then into the Verstellseileinscherung 14 between boom and spire. The end of the rope runs over the top of the tower and gets to the end of the rope 32 of the tower guy rope 28 coupled, see description of Turmabspannseilverlaufs.

After the boom adjustment cable 27 as well as the hoist rope 26 If several crane components pass through which are disassembled for transport, usually the rope must be sheared out and stored.

Again, the technique of Seilumspulung on a storage drum 39 that in the spire 10 is fixed, applied. To the rope shearing 14 between spire and jib adjustment bottle 41 not to have to go out, after draining the boom in an auxiliary assembly tension 40 the guy bottle 41 detached from the bracing and led to the foot of the spire and with a driven storage drum 39 supported pulled. The rope bottle 41 is attached in the lower part of the spire. The rope end 32 (Connection to the tower guy rope) is released and attached to the storage drum 39 attached. Thereafter, the rewinding of the rope from the Auslegerverstellwinde 4 to the storage drum 39 , The end of the rope is released from the boom adjustment winch, rewound on the auxiliary drum and before reaching the reeved pulley the Verstelleinscherung 14 attached in the spire. This rewinding can be done without Einziehseil only by manual guidance of the rope. The transport state is in 14 shown.

The storage drum is controlled directly in the vicinity of the drum.

15 and 17 differ only in that at 15 the tower guy winch 16 is arranged so that the rope length until the beginning of the guy rope reins 30 is much longer than at 17 , This results in smaller deflection angle to the cable drum of Turmabspannwinde 16 if this is necessary for the cable winding. For this, however, has a migratory role for the Seilumlenkung 36 to be built in.

The tower guy rope shearing 30 remains reeved during disassembly and does not need to be removed.

This can be achieved by the turret winch 16 on top of the counter-jib 12 is used. The tower guy rope shearing 30 runs from the Turmabspannwinde 16 in a pulley of the guy rope reins 30 between pulley block 37 on the counter-jib 12 and revolving stage 2 , On the revolving stage there is a rope bottle 17 which can be broken off the revolving stage. Thus, when disassembling the rope bottle up to the counter-jib 12 be driven and fastened there. This results in a compact transport unit consisting of counter-jib 12 , Turret winch 16 , Tower guy rope insertion 30 with rope bottle 17 , see transport units, 16 and 18 ,

The endpoint 33 of the tower guy rope is in the area of the counterbalance and can with the end point 32 of the boom adjustment cable over the top of the tower 10 running, be connected for crane operation. Both end points can be mounted for disassembly on separately pivotable additional support arms, one of which is mounted on the tower spars and the other on the counter-jib, so that for the transport state, the end point of Auslegerverstellseiles to the spire and the end of the Turmzugspannseiles can be pivoted to the counter-jib ,

In crane operation, the brackets are detached from the ropes and the ropes over a Zugmessachse 38 connected to cable measurement (see 8th ). The joint makes no longitudinal movement, since it is the rope ends.

By connecting the rope ends of the boom adjustment cable and the tower guy rope, we get a load-dependent tower guy. According to the occurring cables from the Verstellseileinscherung the Turmseileinscherung (strand number) must be set.

The bottom-slewing tower crane has the great advantage that the insert height is variable by the ability to climb tower pieces. Starting from the smallest construction height, see 2 , with a tower piece, the crane z. B. on the height of 1 be climbed. In order to enable this quickly, easily and without much handling there is a device for the introduction and climbing of the tower pieces. The introduction the tower pieces will be in the 19 to 24 described

19 shows the area of the crane with substructure 1 , Revolving stage 2 , Tower guide piece 7 with climbing device and tower element 8th ,

20 shows the device for the introduction of the tower pieces, consisting of the roadway 43 Dolly 44 for retracting the tower pieces 8th , the bracket 45 for attachment to the revolving stage 2 or to the substructure 1 with a brace 46 ,

21 shows the attached device, which is ground-independent and thus ground-independent. The dolly 44 has a drive for moving the tower pieces. The tower piece 8th gets on the dolly 44 centered on congruent position retracted to the tower or the already climbed tower section.

22 shows the congruent position of the retracted tower piece to the tower or already eingeklettertem tower piece 8th , The tower moves in this position 8th via hydraulic presses until it rests on the tower section. The tower section is positively connected.

23 shows the tower 8th now from the car 44 takes off and climbs up until there is enough free space to build another tower 8th on the car 44 to put.

24 shows the trolley 44 , who was driven back into the shooting position to record another tower piece and retract this.

This process is repeated until the required tower height is reached. When removing the tower pieces, the process takes place in essentially the reverse order.

Due to the Turmabspannung and the co-rotating tower (sub-rotator), the Eckstielverbindung for the most part only subjected to pressure. The tensile forces z. B. during assembly, storm from the front with drained boom, etc. are lower in relation to the compressive stress.

Of the possible connection types, such. As fork / tab or screw etc. shows the usual bolted pin connection as the simplest, the or the bolt only train transmitted and the pressure on surface contact of Eckstielprofile done.

The four bolts 47 are usually arranged diagonally opposite each other in a parallel direction by 90 ° in order to center the tower sections relative to one another and to prevent their displacement on the bolts when the tower torque occurs. Bolts 47 are each using a hydraulic press 48 inserted and pulled to achieve a quick connection or release.

In the tower section are the tower piece connection pins 49 above and the case 50 arranged below. This facilitates the lowermost tower section lock via swiveling pins 56 on the tower guide piece 7 , The pivoting pins 56 are shown in 26 and 27 ,

The non-releasable spigot connection 51 to the cornerstalk 52 is useful with two bolts 53 for centering the pin 49 educated. For the detachable connection, a bolt is sufficient for locking.

In the tower guide piece 7 becomes the tower 8th led (see 24 ). That can be over the corners of the corner stems 52 in the upper frame 54 and lower frame 55 of the tower guide piece 7 take place (see 29 ). The guide, not shown, can be done as a slide or guide rollers. Are all tower pieces 8th climbed, the tower is on the lower guide frame 55 on swivel pin 56 , which are swung out during the tower piece climbing operation, set down and bolted.

The 26 shows the swung-out pins 56 ,

The 27 shows the pivoted four pins 56 ,

The 28 shows the attached tower 8th with the hydraulic presses 48 for locking the tower bolts 47 ,

The comparison of climbing over ropes or hydraulic presses speaks in favor of hydraulic climbing. The rope entry with climbing bottle is not as easy and easy to implement in the climbing process as with hydraulic presses. When climbing with a cable sheave, the winch and the cable shears must be separated for transport. This results in a large assembly and disassembly effort.

The climbing process will thus be hydraulic with one or more presses, depending on the space required by the presses.

The climbing device in the tower guide piece 7 is due to the center of gravity of the weight to be climbed conveniently on the boom side of the tower, done in the vicinity of the center of gravity to obtain low tower torques and so facilitate the climbing process by low lateral load.

The climbing device is between the tower guide piece 7 and tower 8th arranged and as an example because of low space requirement with two hydraulic presses 57 executed, it could also be climbed with a centrally located hydraulic press.

The 29 to 32 show the upstanding piston rods of the hydraulic presses 57 are with a climbing shield 58 connected to each other. The climbing shield 58 engages inside the corner handle 52 lying climbing socks 59 and the climbing shield has additional supports 60 at the cornerstaff 52 support and thus a fixed connection to the tower section 8th produce. There is no moment on the hydraulic presses in this position 57 , The hydraulic presses are parallel to the tower section and can thus be extended and retracted. The hydraulic press unit is with the press foot at the lower bearing point 61 rotatably mounted. Around this fulcrum is the entire climbing unit with an additional hydraulic press 62 for the climbing process and swung. To set down the tower for the next climbing step, two support flaps are used. These flaps are on the same axis of rotation of the presses 57 stored. This system makes climbing and dismounting easy.

The climbing process is as follows:
In the starting position is the tower 8th , guided in the tower guide piece 7 , with the climbing socks belonging to the tower 59 on the support flaps 63 up, see 32 ,

The complete climbing equipment, consisting of hydraulic presses 57 with climbing shield 58 is swung out by the hydraulic press 62 , which is arranged between the tower guide piece and climbing device and fully retracted, see 32 , After swinging the climbing device, the hydraulic presses 57 completely retracted. In this position, the complete climbing device is now swung back again by extending the hydraulic press 62 , By renewed extension of the hydraulic presses 57 grabs the climbing shield 58 on the climbing socks 59 and push the tower 8th up to a press stroke, see 29 and 30 , During this process, the overlay flaps 63 swung out and are now swung back, this can be done manually or by hydraulic presses. By leaving the tower 8th this will be on the climbing cam 59 discontinued. The climbing shield separates from the cams and the entire climbing device is by the retraction of the hydraulic press 62 swung out again. The hydraulic presses 57 are retracted completely and then again with the hydraulic press 62 pivoted. From this position, the next lifting operation takes place in the same sequence as previously described. When climbing off the process takes place almost in reverse order. With this system, an automatic climbing would be possible with appropriate design of the controller and their monitoring. The main advantage of this climbing device over existing hydraulic climbing equipment is that the hydraulic presses 57 a rigid connection to the climbing shield 58 exhibit. This is made possible by the fact that the climbing presses are arranged parallel to the tower during the climbing process and by the fixing support 60 of the climbing shield 58 to the tower 8th no bending moments in the hydraulic presses occur when climbing. The complete climbing device can also be around the lower press bearing point 61 by supporting the hydraulic press 62 be swung in and out. This allows a simple and safe climbing process, which can be additionally monitored via safety devices.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102004044182 B4 [0009]

Claims (28)

Tower crane with a tower ( 80 ) mounted on a ground-supported substructure ( 1 ) is rotatably mounted and a boom ( 11 ), the tower ( 80 ) and / or the boom ( 11 ) by a bracing ( 90 ) are taut, characterized in that the substructure ( 1 ) consists of a plurality of sub-contractors ( 19 . 20 . 21 ) is composed. Tower crane according to the preceding claim, wherein the substructures ( 19 . 20 . 21 ) at each end with container containers compatible with standard containers ( 100 ) are provided and / or connectable and / or even each form a container unit connectable with standard containers. Tower crane according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the substructure ( 1 ) from three sub-contractors ( 19 . 20 . 21 ), namely two longitudinal beams ( 19 . 20 ) and one the side members ( 19 . 20 ) connecting crossmember ( 21 ) is composable. Tower crane according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the substructure girders ( 19 . 20 . 21 ) are each formed as a framework support. Tower crane according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the substructure girders ( 19 . 20 ) with at least one ground support ( 23 ) which is retractable and retractable between an extended operative position and a retracted transport position within the container cargo gauge dimensions, said bottom support being ( 23 ) preferably a front side to / from the substructure carrier ( 19 . 20 ) extendable and retractable end plate ( 110 ), which in the transport position, the sub-carrier ( 19 . 20 ) forms end face end plate. Tower crane according to the preceding claim, wherein the ground support ( 23 ) pivotally on the sub-carrier ( 19 . 20 ) and / or a Abstützstellantriebvorrichtung ( 120 ) for automatically extending and retracting the ground support ( 23 ) and leveling the sub-structure ( 19 . 20 ) having. Tower crane according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the substructure ( 1 ) a supported in the ground state of the substructure ( 1 ) spaced from the ground bridge part ( 21 ) under which a trolley ( 18 ), in particular a transport crawler, for moving the substructure ( 1 ) is retractable which trolley ( 18 ) with the substructure ( 1 ) releasably rigidly connectable, preferably rotatable, is. Tower crane according to the preceding claim in conjunction with claim 5 or 6, wherein the substructure ( 1 ) by height adjustment of the ground support ( 23 ) on the trolley ( 18 ) deductible and from the trolley ( 18 ) can be lifted. Tower crane according to the preamble of claim 1 or one of the preceding claims, wherein the bracing ( 90 ) at least one adjustable, sheared-tensioning part ( 91 . 92 ) comprising at least one single or multiple sheared guy rope attached to at least one end of the guying member (10). 91 . 92 ) one of the guyed crane part detachable Einscher bottle device ( 41 . 17 ), wherein a storage drum ( 39 . 16 ) for winding and storing the guy rope with dissolved bottle device ( 41 . 17 ), which storage drum ( 39 . 16 ) is arranged on a tower or boom part, on which the detachable bottle device ( 41 . 17 ) opposite end of the Abspannungsteils and / or is deflected. Tower crane according to the preceding claim, wherein on the tower or boom part, on which the storage drum ( 39 . 16 ), one with the detachable bottle device ( 41 . 17 ) cooperating, opposing bottle device ( 14 . 30 ) is provided, which remains on the tower or boom part, so that the Abspannungsteil ( 91 . 92 ) in the sheared state with two remaining on a common boom part bottle devices ( 41 . 14 ; 17 . 30 ) by winding the guy rope on the associated storage drum ( 39 . 16 ) is stowable. Tower crane according to one of the two preceding claims, wherein a boom bracing ( 150 ) forming abutment part ( 91 ) one from the boom ( 11 ) detachable bottle device ( 41 ), wherein the storage drum ( 39 ) on a tower part, in particular a spire ( 10 ) is arranged. Tower crane according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said one tower bracing ( 140 ) forming abutment part ( 92 ) one of a tower foot part and / or a revolving stage ( 2 ) detachable bottle device ( 17 ), wherein the storage drum ( 16 ) this Abspannteilils ( 92 ) on a counter-jib member ( 12 ) or a tower top is arranged. Tower crane according to the preceding claim, wherein the storage drum ( 16 ) for the tower bracing ( 140 ) is formed by a Turmabspanntrommel for adjusting the Turmabspannung and / or the storage drum ( 16 ) holds the Turmabspannseil also in the intended working condition of the tower crane. Tower crane according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a boom part ( 11a ) from which a hoist rope ( 26 ), a hoist rope storage drum ( 35 ) for storing the hoisting rope, which is also cut in for crane transport ( 26 ) on said boom part ( 11a ), wherein the hoist rope ( 26 ) by releasing a hoist drum ( 3 ) and / or attaching one of the lifting drum ( 3 ) opposite end of the hoist rope ( 26 ) on the hoist rope storage drum ( 31 ) from the hoist drum ( 3 ) on the hoist rope storage drum ( 31 ) is rewindable. Tower crane according to one of the preceding claims, wherein in crane operation interconnected tower and boom suspensions ( 140 . 150 ) are provided, between which a separable for transport separation point ( 160 ), preferably in the area of a counterpart ( 12 ), in particular in the area between the counterpart ( 12 ) and a spire ( 10 ), is provided. Tower crane according to the preceding claim, wherein the at the separation point ( 160 ) lying rope end of the boom bracing ( 150 ) for transport to one at the top of the tower ( 10 ) arranged storage drum ( 39 ) is windable and / or one at the separation point ( 160 ) lying end of the guy rope of Turmabspannung ( 140 ) with separation point disconnected for transport on the counter-jib ( 12 ) and / or on one of the counter-jibs ( 12 ) provided storage drum can be spooled. Tower crane according to the preamble of claim 1 or one of the preceding claims, wherein a climbing device ( 170 ) for climbing tower pieces ( 8th ) on a tower guide part ( 7 ), which climbing device ( 170 ) approximately parallel to the longitudinal axis of the tower ( 180 ) ascendable and retractable climbing shield ( 58 ), which around a tilting axis ( 61 ) on the tower guide part ( 7 ) tiltable is such that the climbing shield ( 58 ) on the tower ( 80 ) to and from the tower ( 80 ) tilted away and with / by a tower piece to be climbed ( 8th ) can be brought into and out of engagement. Tower crane according to the preceding claim, wherein the climbing device ( 170 ) in the interior of the tower guide part ( 7 ) between the tower guide part ( 7 ) and the tower piece to be climbed in each case ( 8th ) is arranged. Tower crane according to one of the two preceding claims, wherein the climbing shield ( 58 ) by means of at least one pressure cylinder ( 57 ) can be moved up and down, the with the climbing shield ( 58 ) rigidly connected and together with the climbing shield ( 58 ) about said tilting axis ( 61 ) is tiltable. Tower crane according to the preceding claim, wherein the pressure medium cylinder ( 57 ) with its cylinder part ( 57a ) about the tilt axis ( 61 ) tiltable on the tower guide part ( 7 ) and with its piston rod ( 55 ) with the climbing shield ( 58 ), wherein the cylinder part ( 57a ) in the region of its collar with a tilting cylinder ( 62 ) connected to the tower guide part ( 7 ) and the climbing device ( 170 ) including pressure cylinder ( 57 ) and climbing sign ( 58 ) about said tilting axis ( 61 ) tilted. Tower crane according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the tilting axis ( 61 ) of the climbing device ( 170 ) transverse to the door longitudinal axis ( 180 ) in the region of the outside of the tower pieces ( 8th ) runs. Tower crane according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the climbing device ( 170 ) at least one bearing key ( 63 ) for holding the tower pieces ( 8th ) with tilted climbing shield ( 58 ), which bearing key ( 63 ) designed as a rocker arm to the tilting axis ( 61 ) of the climbing shield ( 58 ) pivotable and with each tower piece to be installed ( 8th ) is engageable. Tower crane according to the preceding claim, wherein the support key ( 63 ) with the same engagement contours on the tower sections ( 8th ) like the climbing shield ( 58 ) is engageable. Tower crane according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the tower pieces ( 8th ) on two adjacent corner posts ( 52 ), preferably at their mutually facing inner sides, engagement contours, preferably projecting climbing socks ( 59 ), with an engagement contour of the climbing shield ( 58 ) by tilting the climbing shield ( 58 ) about its tilt axis ( 61 ) can be brought into positive engagement. Tower crane according to one of the preceding claims, wherein on the tower guide part ( 7 ) under the corner stems ( 52 ) of a last clambered tower piece ( 8th ) mobile tower retaining pieces ( 56 ) to hold the tower ( 80 ) in the tower longitudinal direction ( 180 ) are provided in crane operation. Tower crane according to the preceding claim, wherein the tower retaining pieces ( 56 ) are designed as pivoting levers which are pivotable about one to the door longitudinal axis ( 180 ) about parallel axis under the corner stems ( 52 ) of the tower pieces are pivotable, and / or holding bolts, which in the corner stems ( 52 ) of the last eingeckletterten tower piece are retractable. Tower crane according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the tower pieces ( 8th ) of the tower ( 80 ) by plug connections ( 190 ) are connectable to each other which plug connections ( 190 ) at a stub piece provided socket pin ( 49 ) of the corner stems ( 52 ) of said a tower piece projecting frontally and in the corner stems of another, thus to be connected tower piece can be inserted, wherein on said other tower piece transverse locking bolts are provided, which in connected tower pieces in the corner stems ( 52 ) and the plug-in pins inserted therein ( 49 ) are retractable, wherein preferably for actuating said transverse locking bolt, a drive device, in particular in the form of a hydraulic press ( 48 ) is provided. Tower crane according to the preceding claim in conjunction with claim 25 or 26, wherein said transverse locking bolts are also connected to the tower retaining pieces ( 56 ), which in crane operation the tower ( 80 ) can be held vertically, can be brought into locking engagement.

Images