DE102012011504A1 - Method and device for charging a battery of an electric or hybrid vehicle by means of a high-power power source - Google Patents
Method and device for charging a battery of an electric or hybrid vehicle by means of a high-power power source Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/04—Cutting off the power supply under fault conditions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/12—Recording operating variables ; Monitoring of operating variables
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/51—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells characterised by AC-motors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
- B60L53/11—DC charging controlled by the charging station, e.g. mode 4
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
- B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
- B60L53/24—Using the vehicle's propulsion converter for charging
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
- B60L58/15—Preventing overcharging
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/16—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to battery ageing, e.g. to the number of charging cycles or the state of health [SoH]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
- B60L58/21—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having the same nominal voltage
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
- B60L2240/545—Temperature
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
- B60L2240/547—Voltage
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
- B60L2240/549—Current
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/80—Time limits
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2270/00—Problem solutions or means not otherwise provided for
- B60L2270/20—Inrush current reduction, i.e. avoiding high currents when connecting the battery
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung (1) zum Laden einer Batterie (4) eines Elektro- oder Hybridfahrzeugs, umfassend eine Batterie (4) und ein Batteriemanagementsystem (5), wobei die Batterie (4) aus einer Vielzahl von mindestens teilweise in Reihe geschalteten Batterie-Zellen (BZ1–BZn) besteht, wobei mittels einer Sensorik die Spannungen (UBZ1–UBZn) der in Reihe geschalteten Batterie-Zellen (BZ1–BZn) erfasst und in einer Auswerteeinheit (7) ausgewertet werden, wobei das Batteriemanagementsystem (5) in Abhängigkeit der erfassten Spannungen (UBZ1–UBZn) der Batterie-Zellen (BZ1–BZn) mindestens einen Leistungsschalter (8, 9) zwischen der Batterie (4) und einem fahrzeuginternen oder einem fahrzeugexternen Ladegerät (3) ansteuert, wobei das Lademanagementsystem (2) derart ausgebildet ist, dass ein Wert für einen maximalen Ladestrom (labs) abgelegt ist, auf den das Lademanagementsystem (2) ein Ladestrom begrenzt, wobei das Lademanagementsystem (2) weiter derart ausgebildet ist, dass mittels eines übermittelten Ladestroms (I) eine Ist-Ladungsmenge (Q) bestimmt und mit einem abgelegten Wert für eine maximale Ladungsmenge (Qmax) verglichen wird, wobei das Lademanagementsystem (2) eine Ladestrecke unterbricht, wenn die Ist-Ladungsmenge (Q) die maximale Ladungsmenge (Qmax) erreicht.The invention relates to a method and a device (1) for charging a battery (4) of an electric or hybrid vehicle, comprising a battery (4) and a battery management system (5), wherein the battery (4) consists of a plurality of at least partially in Series connected battery cells (BZ1-BZn), wherein by means of a sensor, the voltages (UBZ1-UBZn) of the series-connected battery cells (BZ1-BZn) are detected and evaluated in an evaluation unit (7), wherein the battery management system ( 5) in response to the detected voltages (UBZ1-UBZn) of the battery cells (BZ1-BZn) at least one power switch (8, 9) between the battery (4) and an in-vehicle or an off-vehicle charger (3) controls, wherein the charging management system (2) is designed such that a value for a maximum charging current (labs) is stored, to which the charging management system (2) limits a charging current, wherein the charging management system (2) further the is designed such that by means of a transmitted charging current (I), an actual charge amount (Q) is determined and compared with a stored value for a maximum amount of charge (Qmax), wherein the charging management system (2) interrupts a charging path when the actual amount of charge (Q) reaches the maximum amount of charge (Qmax).
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Laden einer Batterie eines Elektro- oder Hybridfahrzeugs.The invention relates to a method and a device for charging a battery of an electric or hybrid vehicle.
Aus der
Insbesondere bei reinen Elektrofahrzeugen ist ein Nachladen der Batterie mit hohen Leistungen aufgrund der Verringerung der Ladezeiten sinnvoll. Dabei kommen relativ hohe Ladeströme von über 100 A zum Einsatz. Die Hochleistungsstromquelle kann sich dabei sowohl im Fahrzeug (internes Ladegerät) als auch extern (in der Ladesäule bzw. einem externen Ladegerät) befinden. Dabei setzt die Hochleistungsstromquelle die Netzwechselspannung in einen hohen Gleichstrom um.Especially with pure electric vehicles recharging the battery with high performance due to the reduction of charging times makes sense. Relatively high charging currents of more than 100 A are used. The high-performance power source can be located both in the vehicle (internal charger) and externally (in the charging station or an external charger). The high-performance power source converts the mains AC voltage into a high DC current.
Eine Überladung von einzelnen Batterie-Zellen wie beispielsweise Li-Ionen-Batteriezellen kann insbesondere bei hohen Strömen dazu führen, dass diese Ausgasen, sodass toxische und/oder leicht entzündbare Gase freigesetzt werden.Overloading of individual battery cells, such as Li-ion battery cells, in particular at high currents, can lead to these outgassing, so that toxic and / or highly flammable gases are released.
Der Erfindung liegt das technische Problem zugrunde, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Laden einer Batterie eines Elektro- oder Hybridfahrzeugs mittels einer Hochleistungsstromquelle zu schaffen, mittels der mit geringem schaltungstechnischen Aufwand eine verbesserte Fehlertoleranz erreichbar ist.The invention is based on the technical problem of providing a method and a device for charging a battery of an electric or hybrid vehicle by means of a high-power power source, by means of which an improved fault tolerance can be achieved with little circuit complexity.
Die Lösung des technischen Problems ergibt sich durch die Gegenstände mit den Merkmalen der Ansprüche 1 und 6. Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.The solution of the technical problem results from the objects with the features of
Das Verfahren zum Laden einer Batterie eines Elektro- oder Hybridfahrtzeugs mittels einer Hochleistungsstromquelle erfolgt dabei mittels eines Ladegerätes, das elektrisch zwischen der Ladesäule und der Batterie angeordnet ist, und einem Batteriemanagementsystem. Dabei kann das Ladegerät extern angeordnet sein oder aber kann fahrzeugintern angeordnet sein. Bei der fahrzeuginternen Anordnung kann dabei das Ladegerät auch in einen bereits vorhandenen Wechselrichter integriert sein, der zwischen einer Elektromaschine und der Batterie angeordnet ist. Die Batterie besteht aus einer Vielzahl von mindestens teilweise in Reihe geschalteten Batterie-Zellen. Die Summe der in Reihe geschalteten Batterie-Zellspannungen stellt dabei die Spannung der Batterie dar. Dabei können zusätzlich zu den einzelnen Batterie-Zellen weitere Batterie-Zellen parallel geschaltet sein, die dann die Kapazität der Batterie erhöhen. Die Spannungen über den in Reihe geschalteten Batterie-Zellen werden erfasst und in einer Auswerteeinheit ausgewertet, wobei diese insbesondere auf eine maximale Batterie-Zellenspannung überprüft werden. Die Auswerteeinheit kann dabei eine separate Einheit sein oder aber in das Batteriemanagementsystem integriert sein. Das Batteriemanagementsystem steuert dann in Abhängigkeit der erfassten Spannungen der Batterie-Zellen mindestens einen Leistungsschalter zwischen dem Ladegerät und der Batterie an, wobei bei Erreichen einer maximalen Batterie-Zellenspannung der Leistungsschalter geöffnet wird und so der Ladevorgang abgebrochen wird. Der Leistungsschalter ist vorzugsweise als Relais ausgebildet, wobei weiter vorzugsweise die Batterie allpolig vom Ladegerät abgetrennt wird. Das Ladegerät wird mittels eines Lademanagementsystems gesteuert, wobei mittels des Lademanagementsystems das Ladegerät derart eingestellt wird, dass ein vorab bestimmter absoluter maximaler Ladestrom nicht überschritten wird. Zusätzlich wird mittels eines sensorisch erfassten Ladestrom durch das Lademanagementsystem eine Ist-Ladungsmenge bestimmt und mit einer vorab abgelegten maximalen Ladungsmenge verglichen, wobei bei Erreichen der maximalen Ladungsmenge das Lademanagementsystem den Ladevorgang abbricht. Die Ist-Ladungsmenge wird dabei beispielsweise durch Aufintegration des sensorisch übermittelten Ladestromes über der Zeit ermittelt. Die maximale Ladungsmenge ist beispielsweise die Ladung, die zu Beginn der Lebenszeit (Begin of Life) der Batteriezellen in die vollständig entladenen Batteriezellen der Batterie einspeisbar ist. Durch das erfindungsgemäße Konzept existiert eine von der normalen Spannungsüberwachung der Batteriezellen unabhängige Abschaltbedingungen für den Ladevorgang, die eine sicherheitsrelevanten Überladungszustand der Batteriezellen verhindert, wobei auf eine aufwendige redundante Auslegung der Spannungsmessungen und Auswertungen an den Batteriezellen verzichtet werden kann. Durch diese Aufteilung der Absicherung der Überladungen können ASIL C oder D Anforderungen mit geringem schaltungstechnischen Aufwand eingehalten werden.The method for charging a battery of an electric or hybrid vehicle by means of a high-power power source is carried out by means of a charger, which is arranged electrically between the charging station and the battery, and a battery management system. In this case, the charger can be arranged externally or can be arranged inside the vehicle. In the vehicle-internal arrangement while the charger can also be integrated into an existing inverter, which is arranged between an electric machine and the battery. The battery consists of a plurality of at least partially connected in series battery cells. The sum of the battery cell voltages connected in series represents the voltage of the battery. In this case, in addition to the individual battery cells, further battery cells can be connected in parallel, which then increase the capacity of the battery. The voltages across the series-connected battery cells are detected and evaluated in an evaluation unit, which are in particular checked for a maximum battery cell voltage. The evaluation unit can be a separate unit or integrated into the battery management system. The battery management system then controls depending on the detected voltages of the battery cells at least one circuit breaker between the charger and the battery, upon reaching a maximum battery cell voltage of the circuit breaker is opened and so the charging process is terminated. The power switch is preferably designed as a relay, wherein more preferably the battery is disconnected from the charger all pole. The charger is controlled by means of a charging management system, wherein by means of the charging management system, the charger is set such that a predetermined absolute maximum charging current is not exceeded. In addition, an actual charge amount is determined by means of a sensory detected charging current through the charging management system and compared with a previously stored maximum amount of charge, upon reaching the maximum amount of charge, the charging management system aborts the charging process. The actual amount of charge is determined, for example, by integration of the sensory transmitted charging current over time. The maximum amount of charge is, for example, the charge that can be fed into the fully discharged battery cells of the battery at the beginning of the lifetime (Begin of Life) of the battery cells. By the inventive concept exists independent of the normal voltage monitoring of the battery cells shutdown for the charging process, which prevents a safety-relevant overcharge state of the battery cells, which can be dispensed with a complex redundant design of the voltage measurements and evaluations on the battery cells. This division of overcharging protection allows ASIL C or D requirements to be met with little circuit complexity.
In einer Ausführungsform ist in der Ladesäule (bzw. dem externen Ladegerät) oder in dem internen Ladegerät mindestens ein Stromsensor angeordnet, dessen Messwerte dem Lademanagementsystem zur Ermittlung der Ist-Ladungsmenge zugeführt werden. Ein solcher Stromsensor ist üblicherweise ohnehin in den Ladesäulen (bzw. dem externen Ladegerät) oder in dem internen Ladegerät vorhanden, sodass der fahrzeuginterne Schaltungsaufwand weiter reduziert werden kann. Es ist aber denkbar, dass der Stromsensor nur im Fahrzeug oder zusätzlich im Fahrzeug angeordnet ist, sodass dieser redundant ist. Vorzugsweise ist der Stromsensor in dem Ladegerät (intern oder extern) angeordnet, sodass der in die Batteriezellen fließende Strom erfasst wird.In one embodiment, at least one current sensor is arranged in the charging station (or the external charger) or in the internal charger, the measured values of which are fed to the charging management system for determining the actual charge quantity. Such a current sensor is usually already present in the charging stations (or the external charger) or in the internal charger, so that the vehicle-internal circuit complexity can be further reduced. But it is conceivable that the current sensor is arranged only in the vehicle or additionally in the vehicle, so that it is redundant. Preferably, the current sensor is arranged in the charger (internal or external) so that the current flowing into the battery cells is detected.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform bricht das Lademanagementsystem den Ladevorgang nach einer maximalen Ladezeit ab, sodass eine weitere Rückfallebene existiert, die eine kritische Überladung der Batteriezellen auch bei Ausfall von Überwachungskomponenten verhindert.In a further embodiment, the charging management system aborts the charging process after a maximum charging time, so that a further fallback exists which prevents a critical overcharging of the battery cells even in case of failure of monitoring components.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform ermittelt das Batteriemanagementsystem einen Alterungszustand der Batterie-Zellen, wobei bei Erreichen eines vorab abgelegten Alterungszustandes der Leistungshalbleiter die Verbindung zwischen Ladegerät und Batterie unterbricht. Der vorab festgelegte Alterungszustand wird derart festgelegt, dass bei einem Laden der Batterie mit dem absolut maximalen Ladestrom und der maximalen Ladungsmenge kein Ausgasen der Batterie-Zellen erfolgt. Durch die Alterung der Batterie-Zellen sinkt deren Kapazität, sodass bei Ladung der Batterie-Zellen mit der gleichen Ladungsmenge die Spannung an den Batterie-Zellen im Vergleich zum Begin of Life ansteigt. Diese kritische Spannungserhöhung wird so verhindert. Dabei ist es auch denkbar, die maximale Ladungsmenge entsprechend der Alterung zu reduzieren.In a further embodiment, the battery management system determines an aging state of the battery cells, wherein upon reaching a pre-stored aging state of the power semiconductor interrupts the connection between the charger and the battery. The predefined aging state is determined such that when the battery is charged with the absolutely maximum charge current and the maximum charge amount, no outgassing of the battery cells takes place. Due to the aging of the battery cells, their capacity decreases so that when charging the battery cells with the same amount of charge, the voltage across the battery cells increases compared to the beginning of life. This critical increase in voltage is thus prevented. It is also conceivable to reduce the maximum amount of charge according to the aging.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand eines bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert. Die einzige Figur zeigt ein schematisches Blockschaltbild einer Vorrichtung zum Laden eines Elektro- oder Hybridfahrzeugs mittels einer externen Ladesäule.The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to a preferred embodiment. The single FIGURE shows a schematic block diagram of a device for charging an electric or hybrid vehicle by means of an external charging station.
Die Vorrichtung
Im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ist das Ladegerät
Des Weiteren ist das Ladegerät
Verfahrensmäßig wird zum Laden der Batterie
Die Spannungsmesseinrichtungen
Aufgrund der Alterung der Batterie-Zellen BZ nimmt deren Kapazität ab, sodass bei gleichen Ladungsmengen die Batteriezellenspannung steigt. Um diesen Effekt bei der Prozesssicherheit zu berücksichtigen, ermittelt das Batteriemanagementsystem
Zusätzlich kann zur Absicherung der vom Batteriemanagementsystem
ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNG QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION
Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.
Zitierte PatentliteraturCited patent literature
- US 7755331 [0002] US 7755331 [0002]
Claims (10)
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DE102012011504A DE102012011504A1 (en) | 2012-06-09 | 2012-06-09 | Method and device for charging a battery of an electric or hybrid vehicle by means of a high-power power source |
PCT/EP2013/059665 WO2013182373A2 (en) | 2012-06-09 | 2013-05-08 | Method and device for charging a battery of an electric or hybrid vehicle by means of a high-power current source |
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DE102012011504A DE102012011504A1 (en) | 2012-06-09 | 2012-06-09 | Method and device for charging a battery of an electric or hybrid vehicle by means of a high-power power source |
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Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE4203854A1 (en) * | 1991-02-28 | 1992-09-03 | Fronius Schweissmasch | Charging batteries rapidly and frequently, e.g. for electric vehicle - ascertaining battery charge, internal resistance and gas formation voltage in test cycle before charging from external current source |
US20080156551A1 (en) * | 2006-10-19 | 2008-07-03 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Storage battery managing apparatus and vehicle controlling apparatus providing the same |
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JP4893703B2 (en) * | 2008-07-11 | 2012-03-07 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Storage device deterioration display system and storage device deterioration display method |
WO2010109956A1 (en) * | 2009-03-27 | 2010-09-30 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Electric storage device |
US9753093B2 (en) * | 2010-03-11 | 2017-09-05 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Vehicle and method of diagnosing battery condition of same |
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Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE4203854A1 (en) * | 1991-02-28 | 1992-09-03 | Fronius Schweissmasch | Charging batteries rapidly and frequently, e.g. for electric vehicle - ascertaining battery charge, internal resistance and gas formation voltage in test cycle before charging from external current source |
US20080156551A1 (en) * | 2006-10-19 | 2008-07-03 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Storage battery managing apparatus and vehicle controlling apparatus providing the same |
US7755331B2 (en) | 2006-10-19 | 2010-07-13 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Storage battery managing apparatus and vehicle controlling apparatus providing the same |
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