DE102011102113A1 - Grinding machine for grinding of external surfaces of work-piece, particularly for outer circular- or non-circular grinding, has work-piece adapter with work-piece holder, where work-piece adapter is designed to support rotational driving - Google Patents

Abstract

The grinding machine (10) has a work-piece adapter (20) with a work-piece holder (22a,22b), where the work-piece adapter is designed to support or control the rotational driving of a rotatable work-piece (28). The grinding spindle sets (44,46) are displaced between a primary engagement position and a secondary engagement position. The former grinding spindle set is provided with a primary spindle (48) and a secondary spindle (52), while the latter grinding spindle set is provided with another primary spindle (50) and another secondary spindle (54). An independent claim is provided for a method for grinding of external surfaces of a work-piece on a grinding machine.

Description

The invention relates to a grinding machine for grinding of outer surfaces of a workpiece, in particular for Außenrund- and / or non-circular grinding.

Such a grinding machine is from the DE 195 16 711 A1 known. It is a machine tool with two equipped with rotating, successively brought by carriage delivery with a workpiece engageable tools work spindles, with a first fixedly mounted on a working carriage work spindle and with a second work spindle on a support, wherein the carrier pivotally mounted on the bearing housing the first work spindle is mounted.

In this way, in principle, a workpiece once picked up can be machined with a first tool received on the first work spindle and / or with a second tool received on the second work spindle. The change between the first tool and the second tool is effected by a pivoting movement. For example, the first tool may have a grinding wheel that permits rough machining, such as pre-grinding. Furthermore, the second tool may have a second grinding wheel, which serves for example for finish grinding of the workpiece.

It is thus fundamentally possible to subject outer surfaces of round and non-circular workpieces to a two-stage grinding process. However, it has been shown that the known grinding machine is only conditionally suitable for near net shape grinding of workpieces at high cycle speed. This is especially true when the first and second work spindle must be moved with the first and second tool in the longitudinal direction of a workpiece in order to allow large-scale machining. This may require considerable feed movements. The second tool of the second work spindle can engage only after the pivoting of the workpiece. Thus, the second processing gear requires a new feed movement. The tool, which is not in each case in engagement, has to be taken along and, together with its drive, increases the inertia of the feed drive.

Against this background, the invention has for its object to provide a grinding machine that allows fast and automatable grinding of workpieces. Furthermore, the grinding machine should be suitable as possible for complete machining, finishing or close-finish machining of the workpieces. Furthermore, a grinding method is to be specified, which can be carried out with such a grinding machine.

• – Eine Werkstückaufnahme mit zumindest einem Werkstückhalter, wobei die Werkstückaufnahme dazu ausgebildet ist, ein Werkstückträger zu lagern und/oder gesteuert rotatorisch anzutreiben;
• – zumindest einen ersten und zweiten Schleifspindelsatz, wobei der zumindest erste und zweite Schleifspindelsatz zwischen einer primären Eingriffsstellung und einer sekundären Eingriffsstellung verlagerbar sind;
• – wobei der erste Schleifspindelsatz zumindest eine erste primäre Schleifspindel und eine erste sekundäre Schleifspindel aufweist;
• – wobei der zweite Schleifspindelsatz zumindest eine zweite primäre Schleifspindel und/oder eine zweite sekundäre Schleifspindel aufweist;
• – wobei in der primären Eingriffsstellung die erste primäre Schleifspindel und die zweite primäre Schleifspindel einander zugewandt sind und insbesondere parallel zueinander sind und/oder miteinander fluchten, wobei die erste primäre Schleifspindel und die zweite primäre Schleifspindel zum Schleifen im Wesentlichen radial auf das Werkstück zustellbar sind;
• – wobei in der sekundären Eingriffsstellung die erste sekundäre Schleifspindel und die zweite sekundäre Schleifspindel einander zugewandt sind und insbesondere parallel zueinander sind und/oder miteinander fluchten, wobei die erste sekundäre Schleifspindel und die zweite sekundäre Schleifspindel zum Schleifen im Wesentlichen radial auf das Werkstück zustellbar sind; und
• – wobei zumindest die erste oder sekundäre Schleifspindel des ersten und/oder zweiten Schleifspindelsatzes ein Schleifscheibenpaket aufweist, das eine Mehrzahl von im Wesentlichen rotationssymmetrischen Schleifkörperflächen aufweist, die zueinander abgestuft und/oder voneinander abgegrenzt sind.

This object is achieved according to the invention by a grinding machine for grinding external surfaces of a workpiece, in particular for external cylindrical and / or out-of-round grinding, which has the following:

• - A workpiece holder with at least one workpiece holder, wherein the workpiece holder is adapted to store a workpiece carrier and / or controlled to drive rotationally;
• At least a first and a second set of grinding spindles, wherein the at least first and second sets of grinding spindles are displaceable between a primary engagement position and a secondary engagement position;
• - wherein the first grinding spindle set comprises at least a first primary grinding spindle and a first secondary grinding spindle;
• - Wherein the second set of grinding spindles has at least a second primary grinding spindle and / or a second secondary grinding spindle;
• Wherein, in the primary engaged position, the first primary grinding spindle and the second primary grinding spindle face each other and are in particular parallel to each other and / or aligned with each other, the first primary grinding spindle and the second primary grinding spindle being substantially radially deliverable to the workpiece for grinding;
• Wherein, in the secondary engagement position, the first secondary grinding spindle and the second secondary grinding spindle face each other and are in particular parallel to each other and / or aligned with each other, the first secondary grinding spindle and the second secondary grinding spindle being substantially radially deliverable to the workpiece for grinding; and
• - Wherein at least the first or secondary grinding spindle of the first and / or second grinding spindle set comprises a grinding wheel package having a plurality of substantially rotationally symmetrical abrasive surfaces, which are stepped to each other and / or delimited from each other.

The object of the invention is completely solved in this way.

Namely, according to the invention, the grinding wheel package allows a substantially at least near-net shape grinding of the workpiece or at least of considerable parts thereof. Already by the delivery can be done a complete machining or almost complete machining. For example, non-productive times and / or set-up times during processing can be reduced. In particular, feed movements that occur in the Substantially in the longitudinal direction of the workpiece, reduced or even avoided.

However, the design with at least the first and second sets of grinding spindles displaceable between the primary engagement position and the secondary engagement position, respectively, allows for high flexibility. Thus, a high suitability for the processing of small and / or medium series can also be made possible.

For the purposes of this application, grinding wheel package is to be understood as meaning an essentially rotationally symmetrical grinding body with a plurality of grinding sections which may be radially delimited from one another and / or axially spaced apart.

Thus, for example, in the external surface machining both different diameters and gradations, undercuts or grooves can be processed together with only one grinding wheel package, which is added to only one grinding spindle.

In addition, however, it is also possible by the consideration of two sets of grinding spindle simultaneous or substantially simultaneous processing different non-circular surfaces of the workpiece, which may also have different contours from each other.

In a preferred embodiment, the first primary grinding spindle and the second primary grinding spindle and / or the first secondary grinding spindle and the second secondary grinding spindle are designed to support the grinding wheel package in a flying manner.

By this measure, the first and second set of grinding spindles can simultaneously be in engagement with the workpiece, wherein the grinder disk packages which are in each case in engagement have only a small axial distance from each other. Thus, during machining, large areas of the workpiece can be covered without significant feed movements of the grinding spindle sets are required.

The non-circular surfaces, for example cams, eccentrics or crank pins, which differ from one another and have only a small axial distance from one another, can thus be machined simultaneously with the first and second grinding spindle sets.

According to a further embodiment, the first secondary grinding spindle and / or the second secondary grinding spindle are pivotable to transfer the first grinding spindle set and / or the second grinding spindle set from the primary engaged position to the secondary engaged position.

It goes without saying that "primary" and "secondary" are not to be understood as evaluating or imposing a compelling chronological order, but are primarily intended to serve the purpose of naming and distinguishing.

Thus, in the processing can be changed very quickly in a simple manner between the primary engaged position and the secondary engaged position. For pivoting about basically known actuators may be suitable. This may be about linear drives, such as actuating cylinder with electromotive, pneumatic or hydraulic drive. Likewise, basically rotary drives, such as servomotors or stepper motors, conceivable. The drives can be linked in a suitable manner with coupling gears to allow the pivoting movement. Coupling gear can be configured for example as a push rocker or rocker arm.

According to a further embodiment, the first secondary grinding spindle is pivotable about an axis which is oriented substantially parallel to a longitudinal axis of the first primary grinding spindle and / or the second secondary grinding spindle is pivotable about an axis which is substantially parallel to a longitudinal axis of the second primary Grinding spindle is oriented, wherein the axis is preferably oriented congruent with the longitudinal axis.

In other words, the primary grinding spindle and the secondary grinding spindle of a grinding spindle set as well as the workpiece can be oriented substantially parallel to one another and retain this orientation even during pivoting.

According to an alternative embodiment, the first secondary grinding spindle is pivotable about an axis substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the first primary grinding spindle and / or the second secondary grinding spindle is pivotable about an axis substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the second primary grinding spindle , wherein the axis is preferably further oriented substantially perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the workpiece.

As a rule, the first primary grinding spindle and / or the first secondary grinding spindle are also pivoted.

Basically, at least one grinding spindle set of the first and second Grinding spindle set in addition to the primary grinding spindle and the secondary grinding spindle also have other grinding spindles, which are correspondingly pivotable to be transferred to a respective engagement position.

Thus, in the design in which the grinding spindles are substantially pivotable about their mutually parallel axes, a drum-type grinding spindle set can result. A rotation of the "drum" can cause the pivoting of the grinding spindles.

Alternatively, in the design in which grinding spindles are pivotable about axes substantially perpendicular to their longitudinal axes, a grinding spindle set of substantially V-shaped, W-shaped, Y-shaped or even star-shaped configuration may result.

According to a further aspect, a control device is further provided, which is designed to control the at least first and second grinding spindle sets such that a collision-free pivoting of the first secondary grinding spindle and / or the second secondary grinding spindle is made possible.

The control device may be designed to pivot the first secondary grinding spindle and the second secondary grinding spindle offset in time, so that their trajectories do not intersect at the same moment.

The control device can also be configured to move the first set of grinding spindles and / or the second set of grinding spindles in a suitable manner, so that there is sufficient freedom for a collision-free pivoting. The first and second grinding spindle sets can in particular be moved away from one another.

It is understood that the control device can also ensure a collision-free pivoting of the first primary grinding spindle and / or the second primary grinding spindle, if they are pivoted alternatively or in conjunction with the first secondary grinding spindle and / or the second secondary grinding spindle.

According to a further embodiment, the at least one grinding wheel package is designed as a built grinding wheel package with a plurality of grinding wheels or as an integral grinding wheel package.

A built grinding wheel package may have approximately a plurality of substantially base-body-like grinding wheels. The grinding wheels may have approximately cylindrical, conical, spherical or bead-like rotationally symmetrical grinding surfaces. Spacers may be provided between individual grinding wheels.

In this way, with a limited manageable number of basic bodies a high geometric diversity of workpiece surfaces can be edited. Depending on the order, a suitable grinding wheel package can be assembled and "built".

Alternatively, the grinding wheel package may be formed substantially in one piece. It can thus be given a high degree of specialization for certain purposes. Such "single-purpose grinding wheel packages" can be highly suitable for mass production and / or mass production.

According to a further aspect, the at least one grinding wheel package has a carrier body which is designed as a composite body, preferably as a fiber composite body, more preferably as a carbon fiber composite body.

As a result of this measure, the bearing load and / or a deformation, for example a circumferential bend, of the grinding wheel package can be reduced, in particular in the case of flying support of the at least one grinding wheel package. The tool rigidity can be optimized. The workpiece can be machined with higher accuracy. In particular, carbon fiber composite bodies can have favorable internal damping. Thus, a favorable vibration and vibration behavior can result. The grinding wheel package can be operated in higher speed ranges. Chatter marks and the like can be avoided.

A grinding wheel package having a carrier body designed as a composite body, preferably a fiber composite body, more preferably a carbon fiber composite body, can be designed with a metallic carrier body with a significantly reduced weight compared to a similarly sized grinding wheel package. In this case, cantilevered grinding wheel packages can also have considerable axial dimensions without excessive loads occurring during operation.

The weight reduction can also contribute to reducing the inertia of the respective grinding spindle set. Feed movements and delivery movements can be done faster and / or with less effort.

With the weight of the grinding wheel package can in principle also its moment of inertia be reduced. As a result, the grinding spindle with the grinding wheel package can start faster, start up and be braked after processing. Alternatively or additionally, the rated power of the drives can be reduced.

Fiber composites may generally include carbon fibers, plastic fibers such as aramid fibers or the like, glass fibers or the like. It is understood that this includes composite materials, which may have different types of fibers. The fibers may be embedded in plastic matrices, such as thermoplastics or duromers. Duromers may include resins, such as epoxy resins, phenolic resins, polyester resins, or the like. Thermoplastics may include polyamides, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl or the like, as well as suitable mixtures thereof. Such fiber composite bodies can have a sufficiently high thermal stability to withstand thermal stresses during grinding.

It is also understood that the grinding wheel package with the carrier body designed as a composite body can be designed as a built-up grinding wheel package with a plurality of grinding wheels or as a substantially completely integral grinding wheel package.

According to a further aspect, a control device is further provided, which is designed to control at least the workpiece holder and at least the first and second grinding spindle sets such that the processing of non-circular grinding surfaces is made possible.

For this purpose, the grinding machine may comprise or be coupled to suitable measuring devices and drives. For example, the at least first and second grinding spindle sets can be displaced independently of one another or jointly relative to the workpiece holder. Alternatively or additionally, the workpiece holder can be moved to the at least first and second grinding spindle set. Further, the workpiece holder may have a drive which is coupled to the control device and is adapted to rotate the workpiece in a certain way according to the workpiece contour to be machined and the processing progress.

In this way, approximately eccentric shaft sections, camshafts, crankshafts, crank pins or the like can be ground.

In another aspect, outer abrasive grinder surfaces of the grinder stack of the first primary grinding spindle and the grinding wheel package of the second primary grinding spindle in the primary engaged position and / or outer abrasive gripping surfaces of the grinding wheel package of the first secondary grinding spindle and the grinding wheel package of the second secondary grinding spindle in the secondary engaged position are spaced apart a of at most 100 mm, preferably at most 50 mm, more preferably at most 20 mm.

In another aspect, outer abrasive grinder surfaces of the grinder stack of the first primary grinding spindle and the grinding wheel package of the second primary grinding spindle in the primary engaged position and / or outer abrasive gripping surfaces of the grinding wheel package of the first secondary grinding spindle and the grinding wheel package of the second secondary grinding spindle in the secondary engaged position are spaced apart a which has a ratio of not more than 1: 5, preferably 1:10, more preferably 1:20, to a nominal diameter D of the at least one grinding wheel package.

Thus, substantial areas of the workpiece can be processed without the need for a feed motion.

It is further preferred if the at least one grinding wheel package has a length L and a diameter D which are mutually a ratio of at least 0.2: 1, preferably 0.35: 1, more preferably 0.5: 1, even more preferably 1 Have: 1.

The at least one grinding wheel package may have a length L of at least 100 mm, preferably 120 mm, more preferably 150 mm, even more preferably 200 mm.

According to a further aspect of the invention, the first and / or second primary grinding spindle and the first and / or second secondary grinding spindle cooperate with one another in such a manner that substantially flat grinding operations on the circumference of the workpiece and substantially piercing grinding operations on the circumference and / or shoulders of the workpiece Workpiece are possible.

For example, a substantially planar machining in the primary engagement position and a substantially piercing machining in the secondary engagement position can take place.

Thus, for example, in only one workpiece clamping without tool change, both substantially flat areas of the workpiece, such as mating surfaces, bearing surfaces, conical seats or the like, as well as contours with pronounced depth-width ratio, such as shoulders, heels, Undercuts, circumferential grooves or the like, are processed. It can be highly suitable for complete machining or almost complete machining.

In a further aspect, it is preferred if the primary engagement position and the secondary engagement position as a whole permit substantially uninterrupted machining of the workpiece or at least substantial portions thereof.

Uninterrupted processing here is understood to mean a substantially full-surface grinding process. Uninterrupted may not be understood in terms of time.

In particular, if the at least one grinding wheel package with its grinding contour reflects at least significant parts of the workpiece, a substantially full-surface finish machining or near-net shape machining can take place.

• – Aufnahme eines Werkstücks an einer Werkstückaufnahme mit zumindest einem Werkstückhalter, wobei die Werkstückaufnahme dazu ausgebildet ist, das Werkstück drehbar zu lagern und/oder gesteuert rotatorisch anzutreiben;
• – Bereitstellen zumindest eines ersten und eines zweiten Schleifspindelsatzes, wobei der zumindest erste und zweite Schleifspindelsatz zwischen einer primären Eingriffsstellung und einer sekundären Eingriffsstellung verlagerbar sind, wobei der erste Schleifspindelsatz zumindest eine erste primäre Schleifspindel und eine erste sekundäre Schleifspindel aufweist, wobei der zweite Schleifspindelsatz zumindest eine zweite primäre Schleifspindel und/oder eine zweite sekundäre Schleifspindel aufweist, und wobei zumindest die primäre oder sekundäre Schleifspindel des ersten und/oder zweiten Schleifspindelsatzes ein Schleifscheibenpaket aufweist, das eine Mehrzahl von im Wesentlichen rotationssymmetrischen Schleifkörperflächen aufweist, die zueinander abgestuft und/oder voneinander abgegrenzt sind;
• – Schleifen des Werkstücks in der primären Eingriffsstellung, wobei die erste primäre Schleifspindel und die zweite primäre Schleifspindel einander zugewandt sind und insbesondere miteinander fluchten, wobei die erste primäre Schleifspindel und die zweite primäre Schleifspindel zum Schleifen im Wesentlichen radial auf das Werkstück zustellbar sind;
• – Überführen des zumindest ersten und zweiten Schleifspindelsatzes in die sekundäre Eingriffsstellung; und
• – Schleifen des Werkstücks in der sekundären Eingriffsstellung, wobei die erste sekundäre Schleifspindel und die zweite sekundäre Schleifspindel einander zugewandt sind und insbesondere miteinander fluchten, wobei die erste sekundäre Schleifspindel und die zweite sekundäre Schleifspindel zum Schleifen im Wesentlichen radial auf das Werkstück zustellbar sind.

The object of the invention is further achieved by a method for grinding outer surfaces of a workpiece on a grinding machine, in particular for external cylindrical and / or out-of-round grinding, with the following steps:

• - Recording a workpiece on a workpiece holder with at least one workpiece holder, wherein the workpiece holder is adapted to rotatably support the workpiece and / or controlled to drive in rotation;
• Providing at least a first and a second set of grinding spindles, wherein the at least first and second set of grinding spindles are displaceable between a primary engaged position and a secondary engaged position, the first set of grinding spindles comprising at least a first primary grinding spindle and a first secondary grinding spindle, the second grinding spindle set comprising at least one second primary grinding spindle and / or a second secondary grinding spindle, and wherein at least the primary or secondary grinding spindle of the first and / or second grinding spindle set comprises a grinding wheel package having a plurality of substantially rotationally symmetrical abrasive surfaces which are stepped to each other and / or delimited from each other ;
• Grinding the workpiece in the primary engaged position, wherein the first primary grinding spindle and the second primary grinding spindle face each other and are in particular aligned with each other, the first primary grinding spindle and the second primary grinding spindle being substantially radially deliverable to the workpiece for grinding;
• - Transferring the at least first and second grinding spindle set in the secondary engagement position; and
• Grinding the workpiece in the secondary engagement position, wherein the first secondary grinding spindle and the second secondary grinding spindle face each other and in particular are aligned with each other, wherein the first secondary grinding spindle and the second secondary grinding spindle are deliverable substantially radially to the workpiece for grinding.

Also in this way the object of the invention is completely solved.

It is understood that the method according to the invention can be developed analogously in the same way as the grinding machine according to the invention.

The method is particularly suitable for near-net shape series production or mass production of ground workpieces. A high suitability for complete machining can be given.

It is understood that the features of the invention mentioned above and those yet to be explained below can be used not only in the particular combination indicated, but also in other combinations or in isolation, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of several preferred embodiments with reference to the drawings. Show it:

1 a perspective view of a grinding machine of an embodiment according to the invention with two sets of spindles;

2 a plan view of the grinding machine according to 1 ;

3a and 3b broken partial views of the grinding machine according to 2 in a primary engaged position and a secondary engaged position;

4a to 4c perspective broken views of a grinding spindle set of the grinding machine according to 1 when transferring from the primary engagement position to the secondary engagement position;

5 a side view of a substantially rotationally symmetrical workpiece;

6 a perspective view of a workpiece with non-circular outer surfaces;

7 a perspective view of one opposite 1 modified grinding machine;

8th a plan view of the grinding machine according to 7 in a primary engaged position;

9a to 9c perspective broken view of a grinding spindle set of the grinding machine according to 7 when moving from the primary engaged position to the secondary engaged position;

10a a broken view of two grinding wheel packages when engaged with a workpiece;

10b a partial view of two other grinding wheel packages; and

11a and 11b perspective broken views of another grinder.

In 1 a grinding machine according to the invention is shown in perspective and in total with 10 designated.

The grinding machine 10 has a machine bed 12 on, on the guides 14 . 16 are provided. Along the guides 14 . 16 can be components of the grinder 10 be determined and optionally.

One with 18 indicated coordinate system exemplifies conventional coordinate axes or coordinate directions. A longitudinal direction is designated by X. A transverse direction is denoted by Z and finally a vertical direction by Y. For illustrative purposes, the following is applied to the coordinate system 18 Referenced. It is understood that alternative coordinate systems, such as machine and / or workpiece coordinate systems, are conceivable, but which are readily integrated into the coordinate system 18 can be transferred.

Along the guide 14 is at the machine bed 12 a workpiece holder 20 arranged, the present example, a first workpiece holder 22a and a second workpiece holder 22b having. The workpiece holder 20 can basically go along the guide 14 be shifted in the X direction, as by a with 24 indicated arrow indicated. It goes without saying that about the first workpiece holder 22a with respect to the second workpiece holder 22b can be relocated or vice versa. Thus, the workpiece holder 20 to a longitudinal extension of a male workpiece 28 be adjusted. Furthermore, the workpiece holder 20 basically be adjustable in the Y direction.

The workpiece holder 20 is designed to the workpiece 28 absorb, which is designed in the present case as a gear shaft. The workpiece 28 can rotate in the workpiece holder 20 be taken up as by a with 26 indicated arrow is indicated. In this case, the rotation of the workpiece 28 about "free" done or by the workpiece holder 20 be controlled.

For a controlled rotational movement of the workpiece 28 can the workpiece holder 20 have suitable drives or be coupled with these. A controlled twisting of the workpiece 28 may be particularly important for a non-circular machining of importance. On the other hand, can be for a round machining, so as a grinding rotationally symmetrical outer surfaces of the workpiece 28 to offer a "free" storage. In such a case, the workpiece can 28 already be taken by the relative movement associated with the processing.

In synopsis with 2 will be apparent that the workpiece 28 around its longitudinal axis 30 is received rotatably.

In the lead 16 of the machine bed 12 are a first table 32 and a second table 34 added. The table 32 . 34 are designed as cross tables and can always be moved in the X direction, compare one with 40 designated arrow. Further, the tables have 32 . 34 a guide 36a . 36b on, which extends in the Z-direction, compare one with 38 designated arrow. At the table 32 is a first spindle set 44 taken and along the guide 36a movable in the Z-direction. At the table 34 is a second spindle set 46 taken and along the guide 36b movable in the Z-direction. For illustrative purposes, those are for moving along the guides 14 . 16 . 36a . 36b provided drives not shown separately. It is understood that the tables 32 . 34 can also be designed to the spindle sets 44 . 46 or at least parts thereof in the Y direction.

At the first spindle set 44 is a first primary grinding spindle 48 and a first secondary grinding spindle 52 added. The second spindle set 46 has a second primary grinding spindle 50 and a second secondary grinding spindle 54 on. The first spindle set 44 and the second spindle set 46 can in the in the 1 and 2 basically have a mutually mirrored configuration. However, it is too Note that, based on the workpiece 28 , respectively the first primary grinding spindle 48 and the second primary grinding spindle 50 or the first secondary grinding spindle 52 and the second secondary grinding spindle 54 can have the same direction of rotation.

At the first primary grinding spindle 48 is a prime mover 56a intended. The second primary grinding spindle 50 is with a prime mover 56b coupled. Be the first secondary grinding spindle 52 is a secondary drive 58a intended. The second secondary grinding spindle 54 is with a secondary drive 58b coupled. The prime mover 56a is designed to be a primary grinding wheel package 64a To drive in a rotary manner, as by a with 60a indicated arrow is indicated. One with 60b indicated arrow illustrates that the prime mover 56b the second primary grinding spindle 50 adapted to a primary grinding wheel package 64b to drive rotationally. Similarly, the secondary drive 58a the first secondary grinding spindle 52 designed to be a secondary grinding wheel package 66a To drive in a rotary manner, as by a with 62a indicated arrow is indicated. In a fundamentally similar way, the secondary drive 58b a secondary grinding wheel package 66b drive, as by a with 62b indicated arrow is indicated.

In 2 are with 68a a primary spindle axis of the first primary grinding spindle 48 and with 68b a primary spindle axis of the second primary grinding spindle 50 indicated. Furthermore, with 70a a secondary spindle axis of the first secondary grinding spindle 52 and with 70b a secondary spindle axis of the second secondary grinding spindle 54 designated. Around these axes are the grinding spindles 48 . 50 . 52 . 54 through the drives 56a . 56b . 58a . 58b drivable.

In the 1 and 2 are the first spindle set 44 and the second spindle set 46 shown in a position in which still no engagement on the workpiece 28 he follows. For grinding, for example, the feed drives (not shown separately) and the spindle drives 56a . 56b . 58a . 58b by a control device 74 via a control line 76 be controlled. The control device 74 can also be equipped with sensor devices for detecting operating conditions and positions or orientations of the workpiece 28 , the workpiece holder 20 , the first spindle set 44 or the second spindle set 56 be coupled.

The first spindle set 44 and the second spindle set 46 can be displaced between a primary engagement position and a secondary engagement position. This will be explained below with reference to 3a . 3b and the 4a - 4c explained. For pivoting can serve an actuator (not shown), see. 11a and 11b , In 3a are the first set of spindles 44 and the second spindle set 46 in the primary engaged position. By a delivery in Z-direction on the workpiece 28 can be the first primary grinding wheel package 64a and the second primary grinding wheel package 64b be engaged. For this purpose, the first set of spindles 44 and the second spindle set 46 along the guides 36a . 36b on the first table 32 and the second table 34 be moved.

Exemplary are the grinding wheel package 64b different abrasive surfaces with 80a . 80b . 80c indicated. The abrasive surfaces 80a . 80b . 80c are essentially cylindrical and graduated from each other. When attacking the workpiece 28 can be introduced during the grinding process on this a corresponding counter contour.

In 4b are the first set of spindles 44 and the second spindle set 46 in the secondary engaged position. Here, the first secondary grinding wheel package 66a and the second secondary grinding wheel package 66b in the direction of the workpiece 28 be delivered. Exemplary are the secondary grinding wheel package 66b With 82a . 82b . 82c various abrasive surfaces indicated when attacking the workpiece 28 can contribute in this paragraphs, flat surfaces, grooves or undercuts.

It should be noted that the workpiece 28 For reasons of illustration already shown in its final shape, which may arise after grinding.

In 3b with a is a distance between grinding wheel boundary surfaces 84c . 84d the primary grinding wheel packages 64a . 64b indicated. Similarly, the distance a between grinding wheel boundary surfaces 84a . 84b the secondary grinding wheel packages 66a . 66b be determined.

D is a nominal diameter of the primary grinding wheel package 64b designated. The nominal diameter D in this case denotes the largest diameter of the primary grinding wheel package 64b , In principle, however, a different diameter can be used as a reference for the nominal diameter D. With L is in 3b also an (effective) length of the primary wheel package 64a indicated. Based on 3a and 3b It can be seen that at a particularly small distance a and a sufficiently large length L almost complete machining of the workpiece 28 Almost over its entire length is possible. This can advantageously without additional feed movements, ie relative movements between the workpiece 28 and the first spindle set 44 or the second spindle set 46 in the longitudinal direction or X-direction, take place.

In the 4a - 4c is for illustrative purposes only the first set of spindles 44 shown. In 4a is the first set of spindles 44 in the primary engaged position. The first grinding wheel package 64a can after the delivery of the workpiece 28 grind. Following a first grinding operation in the primary engaged position, the first spindle set 44 be moved to a secondary engagement position to allow further grinding. For this purpose, the first spindle set 44 a swivel arm 86 on that around a pivot axis 88 is pivotable, as by a with 90 indicated arrow is indicated. In the present case, the pivot axis falls 88 with the primary spindle axis 68a together. The pivot axis 88 can as well from the primary spindle axis 68a be spaced. In 4b is the swivel arm 86 already a bit in the direction of the arrow 90 pivoted. Further, the first spindle set 44 along the table 32 in the Z direction from the workpiece 28 move away, compare the arrow 38a ,

In 4c is the pivoting of the swivel arm 86 completed. The first secondary grinding spindle 52 with the secondary grinding wheel package 66a Can work towards the workpiece 28 to be delivered and to work this grinding. The first spindle set 44 is in the secondary engaged position.

Basically, about the primary grinding wheel package 64a be used for a roughing, a roughing and / or a surface cylinder machining. The secondary grinding wheel package 66a For example, it can be used for finishing or for inserting grooves, reliefs or the like. With appropriate coordination of the grinding wheel packages 64a . 66a Thus, a final contour machining or near-final contour machining or a complete machining or a nearly complete machining can be effected. In particular, it can be a one-time alignment of the first set of spindles 44 with the workpiece to be machined 28 suffice for both the first primary grinding spindle 48 with the primary grinding wheel package 64a as well as the first secondary grinding spindle 52 with the secondary grinding wheel package 66a to position.

In 5 is a workpiece 28a shown in the in the 3a . 3b as well as the 4a - 4c shown engagement positions may have been edited. The workpiece 28a has been processed almost completely or almost continuously, as by 96a . 96b designated dash-dotted lines is indicated. In the primary intervention position, compare approximately 3a , can about workpiece surfaces 98a . 98b through the primary grinding wheel package 64a be sanded. The workpiece surfaces 98a . 98b have a substantially cylindrical shape. In the secondary engaged position, compare for example 3b , For example, further grooves or undercuts 100a . 100b through the secondary grinding wheel package 66a to be edited. In the same way, the second primary and the second secondary grinding wheel package 64b . 66b on the workpiece 28 act. Only a small one with 102 designated unpolished surface is on the workpiece 28 remained.

In 6 is a workpiece 28b shown in perspective. The workpiece 28b is designed as a camshaft. The workpiece 28b has a plurality of cam pairs 104a . 104b . 104c . 104d on. The cam pairs 104a . 104b . 104c . 104d are offset from each other and twisted and also each have two turn staggered as well as twisted cam surfaces 106a . 106b on. The cam surfaces 106a . 106b have only a relatively small axial distance to each other. Even such a contour can basically with the grinder 10 be sanded. It is advantageous, who the distance a between the grinding wheel boundary surfaces 84a , b as well 84c , d is less than a distance between two adjacent cam surfaces 106 , In this case, also cam surfaces 106 whose contours differ from each other, simultaneously through the first set of spindles 44 or the second spindle set 46 to be edited.

In the 7 and 8th is one opposite the design according to the 1 and 2 modified grinding machine 10 shown.

In basically similar design, a first set of spindles 44a and a second spindle set 46a intended. The first spindle set 44a has the first primary grinding spindle 48 and the first secondary grinding spindle 52 up, compare 8th , The second spindle set 46a has the second primary grinding spindle 50 and the second secondary grinding spindle 54 on.

Unlike in the 1 and 2 In the embodiment shown, the first secondary grinding spindle is brought into engagement 52 or the second secondary grinding spindle 54 by pivoting about a pivot axis 108a . 108b perpendicular to the secondary spindle axis 70a . 70b is oriented. The movement to transfer the first set of spindles 44a and the second spindle set 44b from the primary engaged position to the secondary engaged position is in 8th through with 110a . 110b indicated arrows indicated. It goes without saying doing that, pivoting the first secondary grinding spindle 52 with a pivoting of the first primary grinding spindle 48 can go along. In the same way, a pivoting of the second secondary grinding spindle 54 with a pivoting of the second primary grinding spindle 50 be coupled.

The control device 74 may be suitably adapted to collisions between the first set of spindles 44 and the second spindle set 46 pivoting about the axis 108a . 108b to prevent. For this purpose, for example, the respective pivoting movement with a moving apart of the tables 32 . 34 longitudinal 40 or X direction be coupled. To avoid collisions with the workpiece 28 is also a method in the transverse direction 38 or Z-direction conceivable.

The longitudinal axis 30 of the workpiece 28 and the primary spindle axes 68a . 68b vertical swivel axes 108a . 108b can also be referred to as so-called B-axes.

The pivoting of the first spindle set 44a around the pivot axis or B axis 108a is in the 9a - 9c indicated. In 9a is the first set of spindles 44a in the primary engaged position. For pivoting, a spindle carrier 92a in the Z direction, compare the arrow 38 to proceed, to ensure insufficient space. In 9b is a swivel housing 112a pivoted about 90 °. In 9c the pivoting is essentially complete, the first spindle set 44a is in the secondary engaged position. The swivel housing 112a is pivoted by about 180 °. The secondary grinding wheel package 66a can on the workpiece 28 (in 9c not shown) and edit this grinding.

In synopsis illustrate the 10a and 10b a near-end contour machining of a workpiece 28c by means of the primary grinding wheel packages 64a . 64b and the secondary grinding wheel packages 66a . 66b , The workpiece 28c , such as a crankshaft, is shown in its final contour. The primary grinding wheel packages 64a . 64b essentially serve a surface treatment. The secondary grinding wheel packages 66a . 66b are primarily designed to grooves, undercuts, heels or the like in the workpiece 28c contribute. Overall, thus essential areas of the workpiece 28c "Uninterrupted" are processed, see also 5 ,

In 10a is the primary grinding wheel package 64a exemplified as built grinding wheel package. The grinding wheel package 64a is from a plurality of grinding wheels 113 composed, compare for example 113a . 113b . 113c , The grinding wheels 113 each have separate carrier body 114a . 114b . 114c and grinding surfaces 116a . 116b . 116c on. Between different grinding wheels 113a . 113b . 113c are also spacers 118a . 118b . 118c arranged. The spacers 118a . 118b . 118c can be about certain areas of the workpiece 28c "Mask", so omit when grinding. The built grinding wheel package 64a can be about grinding wheels 113a . 113b . 113c consist of standard geometries, such as cylinders, cone and the like. Thus, depending on the particular geometry of the workpiece 28c the primary grinding wheel package 64a be assembled and built in a suitable manner.

Alternatively, the primary grinding wheel package is 64b designed as an integral grinding wheel package. The grinding wheel package 64b is in one piece. Again, a plurality of grinding surfaces, see 116d . 116e , provided, however, on a common carrier body 115 are included. The carrier body 115 is with reinforcing ribs 120a . 120b . 120c . 120d Mistake. The primary grinding wheel package 64b can in principle be adapted to a large extent to expected operating conditions. It can be ensured a high stability, rigidity and stability at low weight and low moment of inertia.

In the 11a and 11b is another grinder 10 in the primary engaged position, compare 11a , and the secondary engaged position, compare 11 b, shown.

The machine bed 12 is on a rack 122 added. The workpiece holder 20 with the workpiece holder 22a and the workpiece holder 22b is for holding the workpiece 28 , illustrated in the present case approximately in the form of a crankshaft. For illustrative purposes is in the 11a and 11b the workpiece holder 22a from the workpiece 28 moved away.

In 11a is the grinder 10 in the primary engaged position. The primary grinding wheel packages 64a . 64b are executed as individual grinding wheels. These can basically be deep into the workpiece 28 dip and thus, for example, crank pin of the workpiece 28 grind. Analogous to 4a - 4c can the first spindle set 44 and the second spindle set 46 be pivoted between the primary engagement position and the secondary engagement position. In 11b can be the first secondary grinding wheel package 66a and the second secondary grinding wheel package 66b with the workpiece 28 interact.

The secondary grinding wheel packages 66a . 66b can be designed to be about the crank webs of the workpiece 28 to grind.

In 11a are with 124a . 124b Enclosures of the secondary grinding wheel packages 66a . 66b indicated. In 11b are with 124c . 124d Enclosures of the primary grinding wheel packages 64a . 64b shown.

For pivoting the first secondary grinding spindle 52 and the second secondary grinding spindle 54 are quarter-turn actuators 126a . 126b provided, which are exemplified as adjusting cylinders.

It is basically conceivable that the grinding machine 10 a first spindle set 44 . 44a and a second spindle set 46 . 46a one of which is merely a primary grinding spindle 48 . 50 or a secondary grinding spindle 52 . 54 having. Also in this way can workpieces 28 be processed over a large area particularly efficient and fast, preferably no re-clamping of grinding tools is required. Thus, a complete machining or almost complete machining can be made possible.

An exemplary primary grinding wheel package 64a . 64b may have about a diameter D of about 480 mm. An exemplary secondary grinding wheel package 66a . 66b may have a diameter D of about 320 mm. The grinding wheel packages 64 . 66 For example, they may have lengths L of about 120 mm. In this way, with sufficiently compact dimensions, suitable peripheral speeds and a high removal rate can result. Although these values may be preferred, other values are generally conceivable.

When pivoting the first secondary grinding spindle 52 and / or the second secondary grinding spindle 54 It may be of high importance, the primary grinding wheel packages 64a . 64b or the secondary grinding wheel packages 66a . 66b to protect adequately during the relative movement, in particular against collisions. Basically, the enclosures 124a . 124b . 124c . 124d contribute.

It may be preferred if the enclosures 124a . 124b the secondary grinding wheel packages 66a . 66b be moved together with these during pivoting. The enclosures 124a . 124b can do so on the secondary grinding spindles 52 . 54 be attached that the pivoting of the secondary grinding spindles 52 . 54 in the same way a pivoting of the enclosures 124a . 124b causes. Thus, advantageously, a collision of the secondary grinding wheel packages 66a . 66b with the primary grinding wheel packages 64a . 64b or other components of the grinder 10 be avoided.

Furthermore, according to one embodiment, it may be preferred if the housings 124c . 124d the primary grinding wheel packages 64a . 64b be adapted to when pivoting the secondary grinding spindles 52 . 54 not to be pivoted with these. The enclosures 124c . 124d can be about the spindle carrier 92 (cf 4b ) be attached, without any entrainment when pivoting the secondary grinding spindles 52 . 54 he follows. In this way, the enclosures 124c . 124d , relative to the primary grinding wheel packages 64a . 64b considered to remain in a certain relative position. This relative position can basically correspond to the relative position in the primary engagement position. In the primary engaged position, the primary grinding wheel packages 64a . 64b or their abrasive surfaces 80 in the direction of the workpiece to be machined 28 from the housings 124c . 124d stick out to allow for editing. Because this area is not from the enclosures 124c . 124d covered, the secondary grinding spindles can 52 . 54 with the enclosures 124a . 124b When pivoting in this area radially especially close to the primary grinding wheel packages 64a . 64b be approached. Thus, the enclosures 124a . 124b the secondary grinding wheel packages 66a . 66b when pivoting the secondary grinding spindles 52 . 54 and in the secondary engaged position, so to speak, directly between the primary abrasive disc packs 64a . 64b and the secondary grinding wheel packages 66a . 66b both to separate and protect each other from each other.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

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Cited patent literature

• DE 19516711 A1 [0002]

Claims (14)

Grinding machine for grinding outer surfaces of a workpiece, in particular for external cylindrical and / or non-circular grinding, comprising: - a workpiece holder ( 20 ) with at least one workpiece holder ( 22a . 22b ), wherein the workpiece holder ( 20 ) is adapted to a workpiece ( 28 ) rotatably support and / or controlled to drive rotationally; At least a first and a second grinding spindle set ( 44 . 46 ), wherein the at least first and second grinding spindle set ( 44 . 46 ) are displaceable between a primary engagement position and a secondary engagement position; - wherein the first grinding spindle set ( 44 ) at least a first primary grinding spindle ( 48 ) and a first secondary grinding spindle ( 52 ) having; - wherein the second grinding spindle set ( 46 ) at least one second primary grinding spindle ( 50 ) and / or a second secondary grinding spindle ( 54 ) having; In which, in the primary engaged position, the first primary grinding spindle ( 48 ) and the second primary grinding spindle ( 50 ) are facing each other and in particular parallel to each other and / or aligned with each other, wherein the first primary grinding spindle ( 48 ) and the second primary grinding spindle ( 50 ) for grinding substantially radially on the workpiece ( 28 ) are deliverable; - In the secondary engaged position, the first secondary grinding spindle ( 52 ) and the second secondary grinding spindle ( 54 ) are facing each other and in particular parallel to each other and / or aligned with each other, wherein the first secondary grinding spindle ( 52 ) and the second secondary grinding spindle ( 54 ) for grinding substantially radially on the workpiece ( 28 ) are deliverable; and - wherein at least the primary or secondary grinding spindle ( 48 . 50 . 52 . 54 ) of the first and / or second grinding spindle set ( 44 . 46 ) a grinding wheel package ( 64a . 64b . 66a . 66b ) having a plurality of substantially rotationally symmetric abrasive surfaces ( 80 . 82 ), which are graduated from each other and / or delimited from each other. Grinding machine ( 10 ) according to claim 1, wherein the first primary grinding spindle ( 48 ) and the second primary grinding spindle ( 50 ) and / or the first secondary grinding spindle ( 52 ) and the second secondary grinding spindle ( 54 ) are adapted to the grinding wheel package ( 64a . 64b . 66a . 66b ) to store on the fly. Grinding machine ( 10 ) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first secondary grinding spindle ( 52 ) and / or the second secondary grinding spindle ( 54 ) are pivotable to the first grinding spindle set ( 44 ) and / or the second grinding spindle set ( 46 ) from the primary engaged position to the secondary engaged position. Grinding machine ( 10 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first secondary grinding spindle ( 52 ) about an axis ( 88 ) is pivotable, which is substantially parallel to a longitudinal axis ( 68a ) of the first primary grinding spindle ( 48 ) and / or the second secondary grinding spindle ( 54 ) about an axis ( 88 ) is pivotable substantially parallel to a longitudinal axis ( 68b ) of the second primary grinding spindle ( 68b ), where the axis ( 88 ) preferably congruent with the longitudinal axis ( 68a . 68b ) is oriented. Grinding machine ( 10 ) according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first secondary grinding spindle ( 52 ) about an axis ( 108 ) is pivotable, which is substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis ( 68a ) of the first primary grinding spindle ( 48 ) and / or the second secondary grinding spindle ( 54 ) about an axis ( 108 ) is pivotable, which is substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis ( 68b ) of the second primary grinding spindle ( 50 ), where the axis ( 108 ) preferably further substantially perpendicular to a longitudinal axis ( 30 ) of the workpiece ( 28 ) is oriented. Grinding machine ( 10 ) according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising a control device ( 74 ), which is adapted to the at least first and second grinding spindle set ( 44 . 46 ) such that a collision-free pivoting of the first secondary grinding spindle ( 52 ) and / or the second secondary grinding spindle ( 54 ) is possible. Grinding machine ( 10 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one grinding wheel package ( 64a . 64b . 66a . 66b ) is designed as a built grinding wheel package with a plurality of grinding wheels or as an integral grinding wheel package. Grinding machine ( 10 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one grinding wheel package ( 64a . 64b . 66a . 66b ) a carrier body ( 114 ), which is formed as a composite body, preferably as a fiber composite body, more preferably as a carbon fiber composite body. Grinding machine ( 10 ) according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising a control device ( 74 ), which is designed to at least the workpiece holder ( 20 ) and at least the first and second grinding spindle sets ( 44 . 46 ) such that the processing of non-circular grinding surfaces ( 106 ) is possible. Grinding machine ( 10 ) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein outer grinding body boundary surfaces ( 84c . 84d ) of the grinding wheel package ( 64a ) of the first primary grinding spindle ( 48 ) and the grinding wheel package ( 64b ) of the second primary grinding spindle ( 50 ) in the primary engagement position and / or outer abrasive boundary surfaces ( 84a . 84b ) of the grinding wheel package ( 66a ) of the first secondary grinding spindle ( 52 ) and the grinding wheel package ( 66b ) of the second secondary grinding spindle ( 54 ) in the secondary engagement position to each other have a distance a of at most 100 mm, preferably at most 50 mm, more preferably at most 20 mm. Grinding machine ( 10 ) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein outer grinding body boundary surfaces ( 84c . 84d ) of the grinding wheel package ( 64a ) of the first primary grinding spindle ( 48 ) and the grinding wheel package ( 64b ) of the second primary grinding spindle ( 50 ) in the primary engagement position and / or outer abrasive boundary surfaces ( 84a . 84b ) of the grinding wheel package ( 66a ) of the first secondary grinding spindle ( 52 ) and the grinding wheel package ( 66b ) of the second secondary grinding spindle ( 54 ) in the secondary engagement position to each other have a distance a to a nominal diameter D of the at least one grinding wheel package ( 64a . 64b . 66a . 66b ) has a ratio of at most 1: 5, preferably 1:10, more preferably 1:20. Grinding machine ( 10 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first and / or second primary grinding spindle ( 48 . 50 ) and the first and / or second secondary grinding spindle ( 52 . 54 ) cooperate with each other in such a way that substantially flat grinding operations on the circumference of the workpiece ( 28 ) and substantially piercing grinding operations on the circumference and / or shoulders of the workpiece ( 28 ) are possible. Grinding machine ( 10 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first engagement position and the second engagement position as a whole a substantially uninterrupted machining of the workpiece ( 28 ) or at least allow substantial parts thereof. Method for grinding outer surfaces of a workpiece on a grinding machine, in particular for external cylindrical and / or out-of-round grinding, comprising the following steps: - picking up a workpiece ( 28 ) on a workpiece holder ( 20 ) with at least one workpiece holder ( 22a . 22b ), wherein the workpiece holder ( 20 ) is adapted to the workpiece ( 28 ) rotatably support and / or controlled to drive rotationally; Providing at least a first and a second set of grinding spindles ( 44 . 46 ), wherein the at least first and second grinding spindle set ( 44 . 46 ) are displaceable between a primary engagement position and a secondary engagement position, wherein the first set of grinding spindles ( 44 ) at least a first primary grinding spindle ( 48 ) and a first secondary grinding spindle ( 52 ), wherein the second grinding spindle set ( 46 ) at least one second primary grinding spindle ( 50 ) and / or a second secondary grinding spindle ( 54 ), and wherein at least the primary or secondary grinding spindle ( 48 . 50 . 52 . 54 ) of the first and / or second grinding spindle set ( 44 . 46 ) a grinding wheel package ( 64a . 64b . 66a . 66b ) having a plurality of substantially rotationally symmetric abrasive surfaces ( 80 . 82 ), which are stepped to each other and / or separated from each other; - grinding the workpiece ( 28 ) in the primary engagement position, wherein the first primary grinding spindle ( 48 ) and the second primary grinding spindle ( 52 ) and in particular are aligned with each other, wherein the first primary grinding spindle ( 48 ) and the second primary grinding spindle ( 52 ) for grinding substantially radially on the workpiece ( 28 ) are deliverable; Transferring the at least first and second grinding spindle sets ( 44 . 46 ) in the secondary engagement position; and grinding the workpiece ( 28 ) in the secondary engagement position, wherein the first secondary grinding spindle ( 50 ) and the second secondary grinding spindle ( 54 ) and in particular are aligned with each other, wherein the first secondary grinding spindle ( 50 ) and the second secondary grinding spindle ( 54 ) for grinding substantially radially on the workpiece ( 28 ) are deliverable.

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