DE102011010633A1 - Method for cooling a one-component or multi-component stream - Google Patents

Method for cooling a one-component or multi-component stream Download PDF

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DE102011010633A1
DE102011010633A1 DE102011010633A DE102011010633A DE102011010633A1 DE 102011010633 A1 DE102011010633 A1 DE 102011010633A1 DE 102011010633 A DE102011010633 A DE 102011010633A DE 102011010633 A DE102011010633 A DE 102011010633A DE 102011010633 A1 DE102011010633 A1 DE 102011010633A1
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Prior art keywords
refrigerant mixture
fraction
boiling
compressed
cooling
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DE102011010633A
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German (de)
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Dr. Bauer Heinz
Andreas Bub
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Linde GmbH
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Linde GmbH
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Application filed by Linde GmbH filed Critical Linde GmbH
Priority to DE102011010633A priority Critical patent/DE102011010633A1/en
Priority to AU2012200383A priority patent/AU2012200383B2/en
Priority to EP12000698.6A priority patent/EP2484999A3/en
Priority to MYPI2012000499A priority patent/MY169847A/en
Priority to CN201210077609.XA priority patent/CN102636001B/en
Priority to ARP120100383A priority patent/AR085152A1/en
Priority to IN435CH2012 priority patent/IN2012CH00435A/en
Priority to RU2012104233/06A priority patent/RU2580566C2/en
Priority to US13/367,614 priority patent/US20120198883A1/en
Priority to BR102012002885-9A priority patent/BR102012002885B1/en
Publication of DE102011010633A1 publication Critical patent/DE102011010633A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/004Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0045Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by vaporising a liquid return stream
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0052Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
    • F25J1/0055Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream originating from an incorporated cascade
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0211Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0219Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle in combination with an internal quasi-closed refrigeration loop, e.g. using a deep flash recycle loop
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0291Refrigerant compression by combined gas compression and liquid pumping
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0204Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the feed stream
    • F25J3/0209Natural gas or substitute natural gas
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0228Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/0233Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of CnHm with 1 carbon atom or more
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0228Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/0257Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of nitrogen
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2200/00Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/02Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification in a single pressure main column system
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2200/00Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/72Refluxing the column with at least a part of the totally condensed overhead gas
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/02Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using simple phase separation in a vessel or drum
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2215/00Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
    • F25J2215/04Recovery of liquid products
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/30Compression of the feed stream
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/60Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams the fluid being hydrocarbons or a mixture of hydrocarbons
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2245/00Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
    • F25J2245/02Recycle of a stream in general, e.g. a by-pass stream
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2245/00Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
    • F25J2245/90Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams the recycled stream being boil-off gas from storage
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/02Internal refrigeration with liquid vaporising loop

Abstract

Es wird ein Verfahren zum Abkühlen eines ein- oder mehrkomponentigen Stromes, insbesondere einer Kohlenwasserstoffreichen Fraktion, durch indirekten Wärmetausch mit dem Kältemittelgemisch eines Kältemittelgemischkreislaufes beschrieben, wobei das Kältemittelgemisch wenigstens zweistufig verdichtet wird und in eine tiefersiedende, auf den Enddruck des Kältemittelgemischkreislaufes verdichtete Kältemittelgemischfraktion und in wenigstens eine höhersiedende, auf einen Zwischendruck verdichtete Kältemittelgemischfraktion aufgetrennt wird. Erfindungsgemäß wir die höhersiedende Kältemittelgemischfraktion (5) auf den Druck der tiefersiedenden Kältemittelgemischfraktion (8) gepumpt (P11) und vor dem oder unmittelbar zu Beginn des indirekten Wärmetausches (E1) mit der tiefersiedenden Kältemittelgemischfraktion (8) vereinigt.It is a method for cooling a one- or multi-component stream, in particular a hydrocarbon-rich fraction described by indirect heat exchange with the refrigerant mixture of a mixed refrigerant cycle, wherein the refrigerant mixture is compressed at least two stages and in a lower boiling, compressed to the final pressure of the refrigerant mixture cycle refrigerant mixture fraction and in at least a higher boiling, compressed to an intermediate pressure refrigerant mixture fraction is separated. According to the invention, the higher boiling refrigerant mixture fraction (5) is pumped (P11) to the pressure of the lower boiling refrigerant mixture fraction (8) and combined with the lower boiling refrigerant mixture fraction (8) before or immediately at the beginning of the indirect heat exchange (E1).

Figure 00000001
Figure 00000001

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Abkühlen eines ein- oder mehrkomponentigen Stromes, insbesondere einer Kohlenwasserstoffreichen Fraktion, durch indirekten Wärmetausch mit dem Kältemittelgemisch eines Kältemittelgemischkreislaufes, wobei das Kältemittelgemisch wenigstens zweistufig verdichtet wird und in eine tiefersiedende, auf den Enddruck des Kältemittelgemischkreislaufes verdichtete Kältemittelgemischfraktion und in wenigstens eine höhersiedende, auf einen Zwischendruck verdichtete Kältemittelgemischfraktion aufgetrennt wird.The invention relates to a method for cooling a one- or multi-component stream, in particular a hydrocarbon-rich fraction, by indirect heat exchange with the refrigerant mixture of a mixed refrigerant cycle, wherein the refrigerant mixture is compressed at least two stages and in a lower-boiling, compressed to the final pressure of the refrigerant mixture cycle refrigerant mixture fraction and in at least a higher boiling, compressed to an intermediate pressure refrigerant mixture fraction is separated.

Ein gattungsgemäßes Verfahren zum Abkühlen eines ein- oder mehrkomponentigen Stromes ist beispielsweise aus der DE-C 19722490 bekannt. Derartige Abkühl- bzw. Verflüssigungsverfahren kommen beispielsweise in Baseload-Verflüssigungsanlagen zur Anwendung. Hierbei werden die tiefersiedende sowie die höhersiedende Kältemittelgemischfraktion gegen den abzukühlenden bzw. zu verflüssigenden Strom auf unterschiedlichen Temperaturniveaus verdampft. Mittels dieser Verfahrensweise der getrennten Stromführung kann das in dem bzw. den Wärmetauschern resultierende Temperaturprofil vorteilhaft beeinflusst werden. Die in der DE-C 19722490 beschriebene Verfahrensweise erfordert jedoch im Vergleich zu Gemischkreisläufen, bei denen eine derartige Auftrennung nicht erfolgt, einen gewissen apparativen und regeltechnischen Mehraufwand.A generic method for cooling a one- or multi-component stream is for example from DE-C 19722490 known. Such cooling or liquefaction processes are used, for example, in baseload liquefaction plants. Here, the lower-boiling and the higher-boiling refrigerant mixture fraction are evaporated at different temperature levels against the stream to be cooled or liquefied. By means of this procedure of the separate current flow, the temperature profile resulting in the heat exchanger (s) can be advantageously influenced. The in the DE-C 19722490 However, the procedure described requires, compared to mixture circuits in which such a separation does not occur, a certain technical and regulatory overheads.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein gattungsgemäßes Verfahren zum Abkühlen eines ein- oder mehrkomponentigen Stromes, das insbesondere für die Verflüssigung eines Kohlenwasserstoffreichen Stromes geeignet ist, anzugeben, das einen geringeren apparativen und/oder regeltechnischen Aufwand erfordert.Object of the present invention is to provide a generic method for cooling a single- or multi-component stream, which is particularly suitable for the liquefaction of a hydrocarbon-rich stream to specify, which requires a smaller apparatus and / or regulatory technical effort.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird ein gattungsgemäßes Verfahren zum Abkühlen eines ein- oder mehrkomponentigen Stromes vorgeschlagen, das dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass die höhersiedende Kältemittelgemischfraktion auf den Druck der tiefersiedenden Kältemittelgemischfraktion gepumpt und vor dem oder unmittelbar zu Beginn des indirekten Wärmetausches mit der tiefersiedenden Kältemittelgemischfraktion vereinigt wird.To solve this problem, a generic method for cooling a one- or multi-component stream is proposed, which is characterized in that the higher-boiling refrigerant mixture fraction is pumped to the pressure of the lower boiling refrigerant mixture fraction and combined before or immediately at the beginning of the indirect heat exchange with the lower boiling refrigerant mixture fraction ,

Aufgrund der erfindungsgemäß vorzusehenden Zusammenführung der höhersiedenden sowie der tiefersiedenden Kältemittelgemischfraktion können der apparative sowie der regeltechnische Aufwand verringert werden. Dabei kommt es jedoch zu keiner Erhöhung des Energieverbrauchs des Kältemittelgemischkreislaufes Zusätzliche Investitions- sowie Betriebskosten werden durch die zusätzlich vorzusehende Pumpe verursacht, mittels derer die höhersiedende Kältemittelgemischfraktion auf den Druck der tiefersiedenden Kältemittelgemischfraktion gepumpt wird.Because of the combination of the higher-boiling and the lower-boiling mixed refrigerant fractions to be provided according to the invention, the apparatus and the technical control effort can be reduced. However, there is no increase in the energy consumption of the mixed refrigerant cycle. Additional investment and operating costs are caused by the additionally provided pump, by means of which the higher-boiling refrigerant mixture fraction is pumped to the pressure of the lower-boiling refrigerant mixture fraction.

Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zum Abkühlen eines ein- oder mehrkomponentigen Stromes, die Gegenstände der abhängigen Patentansprüche darstellen, sind dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass

  • – das Pumpen der höhersiedende Kältemittelgemischfraktion ein- oder mehrstufig erfolgt, und
  • – die Vereinigung bzw. Vermischung der höhersiedenden und der tiefersiedenden Kältemittelgemischfraktion in einem speziell dafür ausgebildeten Bereich des Wärmetauschers erfolgt.
Further advantageous embodiments of the method according to the invention for cooling a single-component or multi-component stream, which constitute subjects of the dependent claims, are characterized in that
  • - The pumping of the higher-boiling refrigerant mixture fraction takes place in one or more stages, and
  • The combination or mixing of the higher-boiling and the lower-boiling refrigerant mixture fraction takes place in a specially designed region of the heat exchanger.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Abkühlen eines ein- oder mehrkomponentigen Stromes sowie weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen desselben seien nachfolgend anhand des in der Figur dargestellten Ausführungsbeispieles näher erläutert.The inventive method for cooling a one-component or multi-component stream and further advantageous embodiments thereof are explained in more detail below with reference to the embodiment shown in the figure.

Die Figur zeigt ein Verfahren zum Abkühlen und Verflüssigen einer Kohlenwasserstoffreichen, Stickstoffenthaltenden Einsatzfraktion, bei dem die Gewinnung einer hochkonzentrierten Stickstofffraktion in den Verflüssigungsprozess integriert ist. Ein derartiges Verfahren ist beispielsweise Gegenstand der nicht vorveröffentlichten DE-A 10 2009 038 458 . Mit der Zitierung dieses Dokuments sei dessen Offenbarungsgehalt zur Gänze an den Offenbarungsgehalt der vorliegenden Patentanmeldung integriert.The figure shows a process for cooling and liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich, nitrogen-containing feed fraction in which the recovery of a high concentration nitrogen fraction is integrated into the liquefaction process. Such a method is for example the subject of the unpublished DE-A 10 2009 038 458 , By citing this document, its disclosure content is fully integrated with the disclosure content of the present patent application.

Über Leitung 100 wird eine Kohlenwasserstoffreiche, Stickstoffenthaltende Einsatzfraktion zunächst einer optional vorzusehenden Trocknungseinheit A und anschließend über Leitung 101 einem Wärmetauscher E1 zugeführt. In diesem wird die Einsatzfraktion gegen noch zu beschreibende Verfahrensströme verflüssigt und unterkühlt. Über Leitung 102, in der ein Entspannungsventil d vorgesehen ist, wird die unterkühlte Einsatzfraktion einer Trennkolonne T1 aufgegeben. Aus deren Sumpf wird über Leitung 106 eine Kohlenwasserstoffreiche, Stickstoffabgereicherte Fraktion abgezogen und im Wärmetauscher E4 unterkühlt. Nach Entspannung im Ventil e wird diese Fraktion über die Leitungsabschnitte 107 und 108 einem Abscheider D1 zugeführt. Aus dem Sumpf dieses Abscheiders wird über Leitung 109 die flüssige LNG-Produktfraktion abgezogen und dem LNG-Lagertank L zugeführt.Via wire 100 a hydrocarbon-rich, nitrogen-containing feed fraction is first an optional drying unit A and then via line 101 fed to a heat exchanger E1. In this, the feed fraction is liquefied and undercooled against still to be described process streams. Via wire 102 in which an expansion valve d is provided, the supercooled feed fraction of a separation column T1 is abandoned. From their swamp is over line 106 withdrawn a hydrocarbon-rich, nitrogen-depleted fraction and subcooled in the heat exchanger E4. After relaxation in the valve e, this fraction is over the line sections 107 and 108 fed to a separator D1. From the bottom of this separator is via line 109 the liquid LNG product fraction withdrawn and fed to the LNG storage tank L.

Aus dem Kopf der Trennkolonne T1 wird über Leitung 104 eine hochkonzentrierte Stickstofffraktion abgezogen; deren Stickstoffgehalt beträgt üblicherweise zwischen 90 und 100 Vol.-%. Diese Stickstofffraktion wird in den Warmetauschern E4 und E1 gegen abzukühlende Verfahrensströme angewärmt und anschließend über Leitung 105 aus dem Prozess abgezogen.From the top of the separation column T1 is via line 104 subtracted a highly concentrated nitrogen fraction; their nitrogen content is usually between 90 and 100 vol .-%. This nitrogen fraction is heated in the heat exchangers E4 and E1 against the process streams to be cooled and then via line 105 withdrawn from the process.

Zur Durchführung des in der Trennkolonne T1 ablaufenden Trennprozesses wird über Leitung 103 eine Seitenfraktion abgezogen, im Wärmetauscher E4 abgekühlt und der Trennkolonne T1 als Rücklauf aufgegeben. To carry out the running in the separation column T1 separation process is via line 103 withdrawn a side fraction, cooled in the heat exchanger E4 and the separation column T1 abandoned as reflux.

Am Kopf des Abscheiders D1 wird über Leitung 112 eine Stickstoffreiche Fraktion abgezogen. Dieser wird über Leitung 110 mittels des Verdichters C2 verdichtetes Boil-Off-Gas aus dem LNG-Lagertank L zugemischt. Über Leitung 113 wird dieser Strom dem Wärmetauscher E1 zugeführt und gegen abzukühlende Verfahrensströme angewärmt. Der angewärmte Strom wird über Leitung 114 einer vorzugsweise mehrstufig ausgelegten Verdichtereinheit C1 zugeführt, in dieser auf den gewünschten Verflüssigungsdruck verdichtet und anschließend über Leitung 115 der Einsatzfraktion 100 zugemischt. Sofern erforderlich bzw. optional kann eine Aminwäsche A' vorgesehen sein.At the top of the separator D1 is via line 112 deducted a nitrogen-rich fraction. This will be over line 110 by means of the compressor C2 compressed Boil-off gas from the LNG storage tank L mixed. Via wire 113 This stream is fed to the heat exchanger E1 and warmed against cooled process streams. The warmed up stream is via line 114 a preferably multi-stage designed compressor unit C1, compressed in this to the desired condensing pressure and then via line 115 the use fraction 100 admixed. If necessary or optional, an amine wash A 'can be provided.

Die vorbeschriebene Verfahrensführung kommt insbesondere dann zur Anwendung, wenn die Stickstoffkonzentration im Endprodukt LNG auf 1 Vol.-% zu begrenzen ist. Im Falle einer höheren Stickstoff-Konzentration könnte es ansonsten innerhalb des LNG-Lagertanks zu unerwünschten und gefährlichen Schichtungen aufgrund unterschiedlicher Dichten kommen.The method described above is used in particular when the nitrogen concentration in the end product LNG is to be limited to 1% by volume. Otherwise, in the case of a higher nitrogen concentration, unwanted and dangerous stratifications due to different densities could occur within the LNG storage tank.

Der erfindungsgemäß gestaltete Kältemittelgemischkreislauf 1 bis 9 umfasst eine zweistufige Verdichtereinheit C11, einen dieser Verdichtereinheit vorgeschalteten Abscheider D10 sowie zwei den beiden Verdichterstufen nachgeschalteten Abscheidern D11 und D12. Des Weiteren ist im Gegensatz zu der in der DE-C 19722490 beschriebenen Verfahrensführung eine ein- oder mehrstufig ausgelegte Pumpe bzw. Pumpeneinheit P11 vorzusehen.The inventively designed refrigerant mixture cycle 1 to 9 comprises a two-stage compressor unit C11, a separator D10 arranged upstream of this compressor unit and two separators D11 and D12 connected downstream of the two compressor stages. Furthermore, in contrast to that in the DE-C 19722490 described process management to provide a single or multi-stage designed pump or pump unit P11.

Das im Wärmetauscher E1 gegen den zu verflüssigenden Einsatzstrom 101 verdampfte Kältemittelgemisch wird über Leitung 1 dem vorgenannten Abscheider D10 zugeführt. Die aus dem Kopf dieses Abscheiders über Leitung 2 abgezogene Gasphase wird der ersten Verdichterstufe der Verdichtereinheit C11 zugeführt und mittels dieser auf einen gewünschten Zwischendruck verdichtet. Über Leitung 3 wird das verdichtete Kältemittelgemisch nach Durchgang durch den Nachkühler E11 dem Abscheider D11 zugeführt. Aus dessen Sumpf wird über Leitung 5 eine höhersiedende Kältemittelgemischfraktion abgezogen und mittels der Pumpe bzw. der Pumpeneinheit P11 auf den Druck der noch zu beschreibenden gasförmigen tiefersiedenden Kältegemischfraktion gepumpt. Über Leitung 5', in der ein Regelventil b angeordnet ist, wird diese Flüssigfraktion vor den Eingang des Wärmetauschers E1 geführt.The in the heat exchanger E1 against the liquefied feed stream 101 vaporized refrigerant mixture is via line 1 supplied to the aforementioned separator D10. The out of the head of this separator via pipe 2 withdrawn gas phase is fed to the first compressor stage of the compressor unit C11 and compressed by means of this to a desired intermediate pressure. Via wire 3 the compressed refrigerant mixture is fed to the separator D11 after passing through the aftercooler E11. Out of its quagmire becomes over line 5 withdrawn a higher-boiling refrigerant mixture fraction and pumped by means of the pump or the pump unit P11 to the pressure of the gaseous lower boiling refrigerant mixture to be described. Via wire 5 ' in which a control valve b is arranged, this liquid fraction is guided in front of the entrance of the heat exchanger E1.

Die aus dem Abscheider D11 über Leitung 4 abgezogene Gasphase wird der zweiten Verdichterstufe der Verdichtereinheit 11 zugeführt und mittels dieser auf den gewünschten Enddruck des Kältemittelgemischkreislaufes verdichtet. Über Leitung 6 wird das verdichtete Kältemittelgemisch nach Durchgang durch den Nachkühler E12 dem Abscheider D12 aufgegeben. Die im Sumpf des Abscheiders anfallende Flüssigfraktion wird über Leitung 7, in der ein Regelventil c vorgesehen ist, vor den Eingang des Abscheiders D11 zurückgeführt. Am Kopf des Abscheiders D12 wird über Leitung 8 die liefersiedende, auf den gewünschten Enddruck verdichtete gasförmige Kältemittelgemischfraktion abgezogen und ebenfalls dem Wärmetauscher E1 zugeführt.The from the separator D11 via line 4 withdrawn gas phase is the second compressor stage of the compressor unit 11 supplied and compressed by means of this to the desired final pressure of the refrigerant mixture cycle. Via wire 6 the compressed refrigerant mixture is passed to the separator D12 after passing through the aftercooler E12. The liquid fraction accumulating in the bottom of the separator is sent via line 7 , in which a control valve c is provided, returned to the entrance of the separator D11. At the top of the separator D12 is via line 8th the supply-dense compressed to the desired final pressure gaseous refrigerant mixture fraction and also fed to the heat exchanger E1.

Erfindungsgemäß werden die flüssige sowie die gasförmige Kältemittelgemischfraktionen 5' und 8 vor dem oder unmittelbar zu Beginn des im Wärmetauscher E1 stattfindenden Wärmeaustausches vereinigt und dem Wärmetauscher E1 als Zweiphasenstrom zugeführt. Das zweiphasige Kältemittelgemisch wird im Wärmetauscher E1 unter Druck abgekühlt und dabei vollständig verflüssigt. Am kalten Ende des Wärmetauschers E1 wird das Kältemittelgemisch über Leitung 9 abgezogen, im Ventil a entspannt und anschließend beim erneuten Durchgang durch den Wärmetauscher E1 vollständig verdampft.According to the invention, the liquid and the gaseous refrigerant mixture fractions 5 ' and 8th combined before or immediately at the beginning of the heat exchange taking place in the heat exchanger E1 and fed to the heat exchanger E1 as a two-phase current. The two-phase refrigerant mixture is cooled in the heat exchanger E1 under pressure and thereby completely liquefied. At the cold end of the heat exchanger E1, the refrigerant mixture via line 9 subtracted, relaxed in the valve a and then completely evaporated on renewed passage through the heat exchanger E1.

Im Gegensatz zu der in der DE-C 19722490 beschriebenen Verfahrensweise ist beim erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren keine gezielte Einflussnahme auf das Temperaturprofil im Wärmetauscher E1 möglich. Da dies in einer Vielzahl von Anwendungsfällen nicht erforderlich ist, kann das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren, das einen geringeren apparativen und/oder regeltechnischen Aufwand zur Folge hat, bei einer Vielzahl von Anwendungsfällen von Vorteil sein.Unlike in the DE-C 19722490 In the process according to the invention, no specific influence on the temperature profile in the heat exchanger E1 is possible. Since this is not required in a large number of applications, the method according to the invention, which results in a lower expenditure on apparatus and / or control technology, can be advantageous in a large number of applications.

ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNG QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Zitierte PatentliteraturCited patent literature

  • DE 19722490 C [0002, 0002, 0014, 0018] DE 19722490 C [0002, 0002, 0014, 0018]
  • DE 102009038458 A [0008] DE 102009038458 A [0008]

Claims (3)

Verfahren zum Abkühlen eines ein- oder mehrkomponentigen Stromes, insbesondere einer Kohlenwasserstoffreichen Fraktion, durch indirekten Wärmetausch mit dem Kältemittelgemisch eines Kältemittelgemischkreislaufes, wobei das Kältemittelgemisch wenigstens zweistufig verdichtet wird und in eine tiefersiedende, auf den Enddruck des Kältemittelgemischkreislaufes verdichtete Kältemittelgemischfraktion und in wenigstens eine höhersiedende, auf einen Zwischendruck verdichtete Kältemittelgemischfraktion aufgetrennt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die höhersiedende Kältemittelgemischfraktion (5) auf den Druck der tiefersiedenden Kältemittelgemischfraktion (8) gepumpt (P11) und vor dem oder unmittelbar zu Beginn des indirekten Wärmetausches (E1) mit der tiefersiedenden Kältemittelgemischfraktion (8) vereinigt wird.A method for cooling a one- or multi-component stream, in particular a hydrocarbon-rich fraction, by indirect heat exchange with the refrigerant mixture of a refrigerant mixture cycle, the refrigerant mixture is compressed at least two stages and in a lower-boiling, compressed to the final pressure of the refrigerant mixture cycle refrigerant mixture fraction and in at least one higher-boiling on an intermediate pressure compressed refrigerant mixture fraction is separated, characterized in that the higher boiling refrigerant mixture fraction ( 5 ) to the pressure of the lower boiling refrigerant mixture fraction ( 8th ) (P11) and before or immediately at the beginning of the indirect heat exchange (E1) with the lower boiling refrigerant mixture fraction (E1) ( 8th ) is united. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Pumpen (P11) der höhersiedende Kältemittelgemischfraktion (5) ein- oder mehrstufig erfolgt.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the pumping (P11) of the higher boiling refrigerant mixture fraction ( 5 ) takes place in one or more stages. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vereinigung bzw. Vermischung der höhersiedenden (5') und der tiefersiedenden Kältemittelgemischfraktion (5') in einem speziell dafür ausgebildeten Bereich des Wärmetauschers (E1) erfolgt.Process according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the combination or mixing of the higher-boiling ( 5 ' ) and the lower boiling refrigerant mixture fraction ( 5 ' ) takes place in a specially designed area of the heat exchanger (E1).
DE102011010633A 2011-02-08 2011-02-08 Method for cooling a one-component or multi-component stream Withdrawn DE102011010633A1 (en)

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AU2012200383A AU2012200383B2 (en) 2011-02-08 2012-01-23 Method for cooling a single-component or multi-component stream
EP12000698.6A EP2484999A3 (en) 2011-02-08 2012-02-02 Method for cooling a single or multi-component flow
MYPI2012000499A MY169847A (en) 2011-02-08 2012-02-03 Method for cooling a single-component or multi-component stream
CN201210077609.XA CN102636001B (en) 2011-02-08 2012-02-06 For cooling down one pack system or the method for multi-component stream
ARP120100383A AR085152A1 (en) 2011-02-08 2012-02-06 PROCEDURE TO COOL A CURRENT OF ONE OR MORE COMPONENTS
IN435CH2012 IN2012CH00435A (en) 2011-02-08 2012-02-06
RU2012104233/06A RU2580566C2 (en) 2011-02-08 2012-02-07 Method for cooling single- or multi-component stream
US13/367,614 US20120198883A1 (en) 2011-02-08 2012-02-07 Method for cooling a single-component or multi-component stream
BR102012002885-9A BR102012002885B1 (en) 2011-02-08 2012-02-08 process for cooling a stream with one or more components

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