DE102010048335A1 - Method for production of portion of component e.g. turbine blade composed of individual powder layers, involves applying high energy beam to molten bath from downstream direction of post-heating zone, to reheat the molten bath - Google Patents
Method for production of portion of component e.g. turbine blade composed of individual powder layers, involves applying high energy beam to molten bath from downstream direction of post-heating zone, to reheat the molten bath Download PDFInfo
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- DE102010048335A1 DE102010048335A1 DE102010048335A DE102010048335A DE102010048335A1 DE 102010048335 A1 DE102010048335 A1 DE 102010048335A1 DE 102010048335 A DE102010048335 A DE 102010048335A DE 102010048335 A DE102010048335 A DE 102010048335A DE 102010048335 A1 DE102010048335 A1 DE 102010048335A1
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- Prior art keywords
- molten bath
- energy beam
- preheating
- component
- radiation source
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C7/00—Patterns; Manufacture thereof so far as not provided for in other classes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
- B22F10/362—Process control of energy beam parameters for preheating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
- B22F10/364—Process control of energy beam parameters for post-heating, e.g. remelting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/10—Auxiliary heating means
- B22F12/13—Auxiliary heating means to preheat the material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
- B22F12/44—Radiation means characterised by the configuration of the radiation means
- B22F12/45—Two or more
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/0604—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by a combination of beams
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/60—Preliminary treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0222—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering, brazing
- B23K35/0244—Powders, particles or spheres; Preforms made therefrom
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/001—Turbines
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur generativen Herstellung zumindest eines Bereichs eines Bauteils nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 und eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung eines derartigen Verfahrens nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 5.The invention relates to a method for the generative production of at least one region of a component according to the preamble of
Ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur generativen Herstellung eines Bauteils sind z. B. in dem deutschen Patent
Zur lokalen Einstellung der Werkzeugstruktur wird in der
Zudem ist es aus der Patentanmeldung der Anmelderin
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren zur generativen Herstellung zumindest eines Bereichs eines Bauteils, das die vorgenannten Nachteile beseitigt und insbesondere eine Heißrissbildung verhindert bzw. stark reduziert, sowie eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung eines derartigen Verfahrens zu schaffen.The object of the invention is to provide a method for the generative production of at least one region of a component which eliminates the aforementioned disadvantages and in particular prevents or greatly reduces hot cracking, and to provide a device for carrying out such a method.
Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch ein Verfahren mit den Schritten des Patentanspruchs 1 und durch eine Vorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 5.This object is achieved by a method having the steps of
Bei einem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zur generativen Herstellung zumindest eines Bereichs eines Bauteils, der aus einzelnen Pulverschichten aufgebaut wird, wobei die jeweilige Pulverschicht beim Auftreffen eines Hochenergiestrahls lokal auf eine Schmelztemperatur erwärmt wird und ein Schmelzbad entsteht, und wobei beim Auftreffen eines Hochenergiestrahl auf eine dem Schmelzbad nachgelagerte Nachwärmzone auf eine Nachwärmtemperatur nachgewärmt wird, wird erfindungsgemäß eine dem Schmelzbad vorgelagerte Vorwärmzone definiert, die mittels eines Hochenergiestrahls auf eine Vorwärmtemperatur vorgewärmt wird. Durch die erfindungsgemäße Lösung werden die Temperaturen vor und hinter dem Schmelzbad an die Temperatur des Schmelzbades angeglichen, so dass im Bereich des Schmelzbades nur ein kleines Temperaturgefälle zur Pulverbettumgebung entsteht und somit die Gefahr einer Heißrissbildung verhindert bzw. zumindest merklich reduziert wird. Zudem kann das Temperaturgefälle bzw. der Temperaturverlauf zwischen den Zonen durch die einzelnen Hochenergiestrahlen, die beispielsweise Laserstrahlen, Elektronenstrahlen oder UV-Strahlen sind, individuell vor und hinter dem Schmelzbad eingestellt werden. Ferner erstreckt sich das Temperaturgefälle über einen gegenüber dem Schmelzbad vergrößerten Bereich, was ebenfalls einer Heißrissbildung wirkungsvoll entgegenwirkt. Insbesondere eignet sich das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren auch zur Reparatur von Bauteilen wie Turbinen- oder Verdichterschaufeln, da durch das erfindungsgemäße Vor- und die Nachwärmen der zu bearbeitende Bauteilbereich lokal mit einem optimalen Temperaturverlauf eingestellt werden kann. Darüber können die Hochenergiestrahlen so angestellt werden, dass der Stufen- bzw. Treppeneffekt und eine diesbezügliche Nachbearbeitung vermieden bzw. erheblich reduziert wird.In a method according to the invention for the generative production of at least one region of a component which is built up from individual powder layers, wherein the respective powder layer is locally heated to a melting temperature upon impact of a high energy beam and a molten bath is formed, and wherein upon impact of a high energy beam downstream of the molten bath Nachwärmzone is reheated to a Nachwärmtemperatur, according to the invention a pre-heating zone upstream of the molten bath is defined, which is preheated by means of a high energy beam to a preheating temperature. By means of the solution according to the invention, the temperatures in front of and behind the molten bath are adjusted to the temperature of the molten bath, so that only a small temperature gradient to the powder bed environment arises in the region of the molten bath and thus the risk of hot cracking is prevented or at least markedly reduced. In addition, the temperature gradient or the temperature profile between the zones can be adjusted individually in front of and behind the molten bath by the individual high-energy beams, which are, for example, laser beams, electron beams or UV rays. Furthermore, the temperature gradient extends over a region enlarged with respect to the molten bath, which also effectively counteracts hot cracking. In particular, the inventive method is also suitable for repair of components such as turbine or compressor blades, as can be set locally with an optimal temperature profile by the inventive pre-heating and the reheating of the component area to be machined. In addition, the high-energy beams can be hired so that the step or staircase effect and related reworking is avoided or significantly reduced.
Die Heißrissbildung lässt sich insbesondere dann wirkungsvoll verhindern, wenn die vorgelagerte Vorwärmzone und die nachgelagerte Nachwärmzone unmittelbar an das Schmelzbad angrenzen, da dann ein Temperaturverlauf ohne wesentliche Temperatursprünge eingestellt werden kann.The hot cracking can be effectively prevented, in particular, when the upstream preheating zone and the downstream reheating zone directly adjoin the molten bath, since then a temperature profile can be set without significant temperature jumps.
Zur Erhöhung der Fertigungsgeschwindigkeit ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die jeweilige Pulverschicht bzw. das Pulverbett global auf eine Basistemperatur vorgewärmt wird.To increase the production speed, it is advantageous if the respective powder layer or the powder bed is preheated globally to a base temperature.
Bei einem Ausführungsbeispiel werden mehrere Pulverschichten gleichzeitig gebildet, was die Fertigungsdauer des Bauteils bzw. deren Reparaturdauer erheblich reduziert.In one embodiment, multiple powder layers are formed simultaneously, which significantly reduces the manufacturing life of the component or its repair time.
Eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zur Durchführung eines derartigen Verfahrens hat eine erste Strahlungsquelle zum Aussenden eines relativ zu einem generativ herzustellenden Bereich eines Bauteils verfahrbaren Hochenergiestrahls zur lokalen Erwärmung einer Pulverschicht auf eine Schmelztemperatur zur Erzeugung eines Schmelzbades und eine zweite Strahlungsquelle zum Aussenden eines relativ zum Bauteilbereich verfahrbaren Hochenergiestrahls zum Nachwärmen einer dem Schmelzbad nachgelagerten Nachwärmzone auf eine Nachwärmtemperatur. Erfindungsgemäß weist die Vorrichtung eine Strahlungsquelle zum Aussenden eines relativ zum Bauteilbereich verfahrbaren Hochenergiestrahls zum Vorwärmen einer dem Schmelzbad vorgelagerten Vorwärmzone auf eine Vorwärmtemperatur auf.A device according to the invention for carrying out such a method has a first radiation source for emitting a region of a region to be produced relative to a region to be generative Component traversable high-energy beam for locally heating a powder layer to a melting temperature for generating a molten bath and a second radiation source for emitting a relative to the component area movable high-energy beam for reheating a molten bath downstream Nachwärmzone to a Nachwärmtemperatur. According to the invention, the device has a radiation source for emitting a high-energy beam movable relative to the component region for preheating a preheating zone disposed upstream of the molten bath to a preheating temperature.
Zur optimalen Einstellung des sich über die Zonen und des Schmelzbads erstreckenden Temperaturverlaufs können die Hochenergiestrahlen unterschiedliche Strahlintensitäten aufweisen.For optimum adjustment of the temperature profile extending over the zones and the molten bath, the high-energy beams may have different beam intensities.
Zur Verkürzung der Fertigungszeit und um bei der Ansteuerung der Vorrichtung eine größtmögliche Flexibilität bezüglich der Vorschubrichtung zu erhalten, kann die vordere und hintere Strahlungsquelle jeweils die Funktion der anderen Strahlungsquelle übernehmen, so dass das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren sowohl bei einer Hin- als auch bei einer entgegengesetzten Rückbewegung der Hochenergiestrahlen bzw. des Bauteils durchgeführt werden kann.To shorten the production time and to obtain the greatest possible flexibility with respect to the feed direction in the control of the device, the front and rear radiation source can each take over the function of the other radiation source, so that the inventive method both in a forward and in an opposite return movement the high-energy beams or the component can be performed.
Zur Erhöhung der Vorschubgeschwindigkeit bzw. zur weiteren Nivellierung des Temperaturverlaufes im Bereich des Schmelzbades weist ein Ausführungsbeispiel eine Heizeinrichtung zum globalen Vorwärmen der jeweiligen Pulverschicht bzw. des Pulverbettes auf.To increase the feed rate or to further level the temperature profile in the region of the molten bath, an exemplary embodiment has a heating device for global preheating of the respective powder layer or of the powder bed.
Sonstige vorteilhafte Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind Gegenstand weiterer Unteransprüche.Other advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of further subclaims.
Im Folgenden werden bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung anhand schematischer Darstellungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:In the following preferred embodiments of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to schematic representations. Show it:
Gemäß der vereinfachten Darstellung in
Das Pulverbecken
Die Strahlungsquellen
Das Pulver in dem Schmelzbad
Zusätzlich weist die Vorrichtung
Gemäß den in
Offenbart ist ein Verfahren zur generativen Herstellung zumindest eines Bauteilbereichs bzw. generativen Reparatur eines Bauteils, wobei die in Vorschubrichtung betrachtet einem Schmelzbad vorgelagerte Zone lokal vorgewärmt und eine dem Schmelzbad nachgelagerte Zone lokal nachgewärmt wird, sowie eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung eines derartigen Verfahrens durch Aussendung von zumindest drei Hochenergiestrahlen.Disclosed is a method for the generative production of at least one component area or generative repair of a component, wherein the upstream of a molten pool upstream zone locally preheated and a melt downstream of the zone is reheated locally, and an apparatus for performing such a method by emitting at least three high-energy beams.
BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
- 11
- Vorrichtungcontraption
- 22
- Bauteilcomponent
- 44
- Pulverbeckenpowder basin
- 66
- Strahlungsquelleradiation source
- 88th
- Strahlungsquelleradiation source
- 1010
- Strahlungsquelleradiation source
- 1212
- HochenergiestrahlHigh energy beam
- 1414
- HochenergiestrahlHigh energy beam
- 1616
- HochenergiestrahlHigh energy beam
- 1818
- Seitenwandungsidewall
- 2020
- HubtischLift table
- 2222
- Kolbenpiston
- 24a, b, c24a, b, c
- Pulverschichtpowder layer
- 2626
- Pulverbettpowder bed
- 2828
- Schmelzbadmelting bath
- 3030
- Vorschubrichtungfeed direction
- 3232
- Vorwärmzonepreheating
- 3434
- Nachwärmzonereheating
- 36a, b, c, d36a, b, c, d
- Bahntrain
- 38a, b, c, d38a, b, c, d
- Vorschubpfeilfeed arrow
- T1T1
- Schmelzbadtemperaturmelt temperature
- T2T2
- Nachwärmtemperaturpost-heat
- T3T3
- Vorwärmtemperatur T4 BasistemperaturPreheating temperature T4 base temperature
ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNG QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION
Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.
Zitierte PatentliteraturCited patent literature
- DE 19649865 C1 [0002] DE 19649865 C1 [0002]
- DE 102007059865 A1 [0003] DE 102007059865 A1 [0003]
- WO 2008/071165 A1 [0004] WO 2008/071165 A1 [0004]
Claims (9)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102010048335A DE102010048335A1 (en) | 2010-10-13 | 2010-10-13 | Method for production of portion of component e.g. turbine blade composed of individual powder layers, involves applying high energy beam to molten bath from downstream direction of post-heating zone, to reheat the molten bath |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102010048335A DE102010048335A1 (en) | 2010-10-13 | 2010-10-13 | Method for production of portion of component e.g. turbine blade composed of individual powder layers, involves applying high energy beam to molten bath from downstream direction of post-heating zone, to reheat the molten bath |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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DE102010048335A1 true DE102010048335A1 (en) | 2012-04-19 |
Family
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DE102010048335A Ceased DE102010048335A1 (en) | 2010-10-13 | 2010-10-13 | Method for production of portion of component e.g. turbine blade composed of individual powder layers, involves applying high energy beam to molten bath from downstream direction of post-heating zone, to reheat the molten bath |
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Cited By (39)
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EP2737964A1 (en) * | 2012-11-30 | 2014-06-04 | MBDA France | Method for melting powder by heating the area adjacent to the bath |
DE102013205029A1 (en) * | 2013-03-21 | 2014-09-25 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for laser melting with at least one working laser beam |
DE102013011676A1 (en) * | 2013-07-11 | 2015-01-15 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Device and method for generative component production |
DE102013011675A1 (en) * | 2013-07-11 | 2015-01-15 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Method for additive component production with reduced thermal gradients |
WO2015065655A1 (en) * | 2013-11-04 | 2015-05-07 | Caterpillar Inc. | Laser cladding with a laser scanning head |
DE102013226298A1 (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2015-06-18 | MTU Aero Engines AG | Exposure to generative production |
DE102014222302A1 (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2016-05-04 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Producing a component by selective laser melting |
DE102015214994A1 (en) * | 2015-08-06 | 2017-02-09 | MTU Aero Engines AG | A method of manufacturing or repairing a component and apparatus for manufacturing and repairing a component |
US9573225B2 (en) | 2014-06-20 | 2017-02-21 | Velo3D, Inc. | Apparatuses, systems and methods for three-dimensional printing |
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DE102018212480A1 (en) * | 2018-07-26 | 2020-01-30 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Additive manufacturing process with selective irradiation and simultaneous application as well as heat treatment |
CN110869195A (en) * | 2017-06-23 | 2020-03-06 | 应用材料公司 | Additive manufacturing using a multi-mirror scanner |
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DE102020206161A1 (en) | 2020-05-15 | 2021-11-18 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Process for additive manufacturing by means of dual selective irradiation of a powder bed and preheating |
WO2022000865A1 (en) * | 2020-07-03 | 2022-01-06 | 华南理工大学 | In-situ energy controlled selective laser melting apparatus and method |
US11518100B2 (en) | 2018-05-09 | 2022-12-06 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Additive manufacturing with a polygon scanner |
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