DE102009030826B4 - Method for producing a planar electroluminescent device and planar electroluminescent device - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for producing a planar electroluminescent device (1), wherein a back electrode (1.2), an electroluminescent material (M), a dielectric (1.3) and a front electrode (1.1) are arranged in layers,
wherein for forming the return electrode (1.2) a first electrical conductor (1.2.2) and / or
to form the front electrode (1.1), a second electrical conductor (1.2.2) is generated by means of an ultrasonic sonotrode (2) in an ultrasound laying method,
characterized in that
the first electrical conductor (1.2.2) and / or the second electrical conductor (1.1.2) are formed as a single wire or strand, wherein
the first electrical conductor (1.2.2) is arranged between the ultrasonic sonotrode (2) and the dielectric (1.3) or between the ultrasonic sonotrode (2) and one on the dielectric (1.3) by means of a wire guide unit (2.1) integrated in the ultrasonic sonotrode (2) Insulation layer is guided and / or
the second electrical conductor (1.1.2) is guided by means of the wire guide unit (2.1) between the ultrasonic sonotrode (2) and a transparent carrier layer.

Description

The invention relates to a method for producing a planar electroluminescent device, wherein a back electrode, an electroluminescent material, a dielectric and a front electrode are arranged in layers.

The invention further relates to a planar electroluminescent device according to the preamble of claim 9.

Areal electroluminescent arrangements, in particular electroluminescent sheets, are known from the state of the art, which are characterized in that a layer of electroluminescent material is arranged between two electrically conductive layers, a front and a back electrode. The layer of electroluminescent material is formed in particular by embedding the electroluminescent material in a carrier layer. The structure of the electroluminescent film is similar to that of an electrical capacitor.

At least one of the two electrically conductive layers is transparent, d. H. transparent. The two electrically conductive layers are separated from the electroluminescent layer either by additional electrically insulating layers or by embedding microparticles in an electrically insulating matrix.

As a rule, depending on the arrangement of the electroluminescent film, a reflective layer is additionally introduced between the dielectric and the rear electrode or the dielectric and the front electrode.

The generation of a luminous effect is effected by the action of an electric field, in particular an alternating electric field, on the dielectric. The electric field is generated by the condenser-like arrangement of the front and the rear electrode, wherein in each case an electrical conductor is structured on the front and / or the back electrode, for example in a screen printing method.

In addition, the electroluminescent film is laminated in transparent protective layers, preferably polyethylene protective layers, and thus protected against the penetration of moisture and foreign substances.

From the DE 699 14 184 T2 is an electroluminescent illumination device comprising a substrate having a receiving surface for filaments known. The substrate has a field traces on the receiving surface. The illumination device furthermore comprises a plurality of luminous bodies, which are arranged at a distance from one another according to a selected illumination pattern on and on the receiving surface, the plurality of luminous bodies having a mechanically flexible multilayered electroluminescent luminous body having a pair of sheet-shaped conductive layers one is transparent. The illumination device further comprises a sheet-like layer which has electroluminescent particles and is arranged between the pair of sheet-shaped conductive layers. In addition, conductors are provided, which come into contact with the conductor tracks on the substrate, wherein the electroluminescent luminous bodies are arranged flat to the substrate, so that the conductors come into contact with selected conductor tracks on the receiving surface for luminous bodies. Furthermore, a solid luminous body is provided. To produce the electroluminescent illumination device, a rear electrode is connected by means of an ultrasonic welding device in a vibration welding process with a flexible support plate formed of molten polyester material, so that an electrically conductive connection is produced.

The invention is based on the object to provide a comparison with the prior art improved method for producing an electroluminescent, by means of which in a simple and cost effective manner a versatile usable electroluminescent film can be produced, which is characterized by a high mechanical flexibility and high electrical efficiency. Furthermore, the invention has for its object to provide an improved over the prior art electroluminescent, which is characterized by a particularly low energy consumption and is due to their improved structure and optimized mechanical and electrical properties for a variety of applications. In particular, the electroluminescent film should be distinguished by high mechanical flexibility and high electrical efficiency.

With regard to the method, the object is achieved by the features specified in claim 1 and with respect to the planar electroluminescent device by the features specified in claim 9.

Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

In the method for producing a planar electroluminescent device, in particular an electroluminescent, a back electrode, an electroluminescent material, a dielectric and a front electrode are arranged in layers, wherein the formation of the back electrode a first electrical conductor and / or for forming the front electrode, a second electrical conductor by means of an ultrasonic sonotrode be generated in an ultrasonic laying method.

This generation of the conductive structures by means of the ultrasound sonotrode in the ultrasonic laying method allows in a particularly advantageous and profitable manner a simple generation of the front and / or rear electrode, in which the electrical conductors can be precisely arranged and mounted on the respective substrate or introduced into this. As a result, diverse and defined lighting effects can be generated again.

According to the invention, the first electrical conductor and / or the second electrical conductor are formed as a single wire or stranded wire. In this case, the first electrical conductor is guided by means of a wire guide unit integrated in the ultrasound sonotrode between the ultrasound sonotrode and the dielectric or between the ultrasound sonotrode and an insulating layer arranged on the dielectric and / or the second electrical conductor is guided between the ultrasound sonotrode and a transparent carrier layer. In this case, the first electrical conductor and / or the second electrical conductor are preferably introduced into or applied to the dielectric, the insulating layer or the transparent carrier layer on the basis of an energy provided by the ultrasound sonotrode. From a high mechanical flexibility of the wires and / or strands results in addition to a very simple processing of these by means of ultrasound sonotrode also a high mechanical flexibility of the planar electroluminescent, in particular electroluminescent, resulting in a simplified handling thereof and a variety of uses. It is also possible to produce very large electroluminescent films. Since the wires and / or strands furthermore have a low electrical resistance, an electrical efficiency of the planar electroluminescent device is significantly increased, in particular in comparison with a planar electroluminescent device produced by means of a screen printing method. Thus, on the one hand, energy consumption of the planar electroluminescent device is reduced, and on the other hand, heat generation resulting from loss of heat due to the electrical resistance is minimized. This in turn results in the advantage that it is also possible to operate large-area electroluminescent arrangements, in particular electroluminescent sheets, with very small amounts of energy. Due to the possibility of defining the electrical conductors and, in particular, partially applying or introducing them, the energy requirement of the planar electroluminescent arrangement is additionally reduced.

In one embodiment, the single wire or the strand are additionally at least partially surrounded by insulation.

According to a development of the method, the first electrical conductor and / or the second electrical conductor are arranged in the form of characters, symbols, geometric shapes or combinations of these. Thus, letters, words, phrases and / or sentences can be displayed illuminated by means of the planar electroluminescent arrangement in an advantageous manner, whereby for example particularly simple and cost-effective preferably also large-area, eye-catching, memorable, and thus in particular advertising-effective labels can be produced.

In order to avoid electrical breakdowns between the dielectric and the back electrode, the insulating layer is preferably arranged between the back electrode and the dielectric. The insulating layer is applied, for example, in a painting process as an electrically insulating paint layer on the back electrode facing side of the dielectric. Thus, the dielectric for producing the flexible and very thin planar electroluminescent device is also very thin or can be produced as a dielectric in which the electroluminescent material is not applied as a layer on a carrier layer but is mixed with this, d. H. is introduced into this.

Preferably, the first electrical conductor is simply or repeatedly projecting beyond the dielectric or the insulating layer and / or the second electrical conductor is arranged protruding beyond the transparent carrier layer simply or multiply, so that in a particularly advantageous manner a region of the region projecting beyond the dielectric or the insulating layer first electrical conductor and / or at least one region of the second electrical conductor projecting beyond the transparent carrier layer can be used as electrical connection elements. This eliminates additional and consuming to be coupled electrical connection elements, whereby a manufacturing process, assembly and use of the planar electroluminescent device can be facilitated.

In order to protect the dielectric as well as the front and back electrodes against the ingress of moisture and foreign substances, an electrically insulating and transparent first protective layer is arranged on an outer side of the rear electrode. Also, an electrically insulating and transparent second protective layer is preferably arranged on an outer side of the front electrode, wherein the Protective layers seal the surface electroluminescent device media-tight.

In particular, together with the high mechanical flexibility, the low energy requirement and the possibility of large-scale production arise due to the formation of the first or second layer as a tissue according to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention particularly diverse applications of the planar electroluminescent. In an embodiment of the fabric as a textile fabric, for example, window curtains for buildings or vehicles such. As buses, but also other textile components, such as seat covers or interior parts of a vehicle can be produced. With these, in addition to the generation of a so-called ambient lighting, it is also possible to produce luminous labels or signs over a large area, so that these surfaces can be used in a simple and conspicuous manner, in particular for advertising purposes.

Embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to drawings.

Show:

1 1 is a schematic exploded view of the structure of an electroluminescent film according to the prior art;

2A FIG. 2 schematically shows a longitudinal section of a dielectric and an ultrasonic sonotrode when introducing a wire into the dielectric, FIG.

2 B schematically a cross section of the dielectric and the ultrasonic sonotrode during insertion of the wire in the dielectric according to 2A .

3A FIG. 2 schematically shows a longitudinal section of a dielectric and an ultrasonic sonotrode when introducing an insulated wire into the dielectric, FIG.

3B schematically a cross section of the dielectric and the ultrasonic sonotrode during insertion of the insulated wire in the dielectric according to 3A .

4A schematically a section of the return electrode with introduced wire in a sectional view,

4B schematically a section of the return electrode with introduced insulated wire in a sectional view, and

4C schematically a perspective view of the section of the back electrode with wire inserted according to 4A ,

Corresponding parts are provided in all figures with the same reference numerals.

1 shows a designed as an electroluminescent foil planar electroluminescent device 1 According to the state of the art. The planar electroluminescent device 1 includes two electrically conductive layers, which is a front electrode 1.1 and a return electrode 1.2 form. Here is the front electrode 1.1 transparent. To produce this transparent layer, a plastic film, for example made of polyester, preferably coated with a metal, in particular indium oxide or indium tin oxide.

Between the front electrode 1.1 and the return electrode 1.2 is a dielectric 1.3 arranged, which is formed from a carrier layer T. On the dielectric 1.3 an electroluminescent material M is arranged. The electroluminescent material M forms a so-called pigment layer whose starting material is in particular non-toxic zinc sulfides and near binary compounds which produce different emission spectra by admixtures of so-called activators. The electroluminescent material M consists for example of zinc sulfide, which with different metals, eg. As silver, copper, gold or manganese, is doped. The color of the emitted light and the electrical conductivity of the electroluminescent material M are determined by the strength and composition of the dopant. By varying the doping, shades from blue to yellow can be achieved and by mixing the dopants mixed colors, such as white, can be achieved. The carrier layer T is advantageously formed simultaneously as a reflector layer.

As an alternative to the application of the electroluminescent material M to the carrier layer T, this is introduced into the carrier layer T in a manner not shown or mixed with a substrate from which the carrier layer T is formed. Thus, the dielectric can be 1.3 produce particularly thin with the introduced electroluminescent material M, resulting in an improved mechanical flexibility of the planar electroluminescent device 1 results.

In particular, in such a formation of the dielectric 1.3 are the front electrode 1.1 and the return electrode 1.2 also in a manner not shown either by additional insulating layers or by embedding of microparticles in an electrically insulating matrix of the electroluminescent material M and the Carrier layer T, ie the dielectric 1.3 , electrically isolated.

The generation of a luminous effect is effected by the action of an electric field, in particular an alternating electric field, on the electroluminescent material M. For the electrical coupling of the front electrode 1.1 and the return electrode 1.2 with an energy source, not shown, these each comprise an electrical connection element 1.1.1 respectively. 1.2.1 , wherein the connecting element 1.2.1 with a first electrical conductor 1.2.2 the return electrode 1.2 and the connection element 1.1.1 with a second electrical conductor 1.1.2 the front electrode 1.1 connected is. The electrical conductors 1.1.2 . 1.2.2 are used to generate the front electrode 1.1 and the return electrode 1.2 in particular applied to a carrier film by means of a screen printing process.

In addition, the front electrode 1.1 , the return electrode 1.2 , the electroluminescent material M and the dielectric 1.3 in transparent protective layers 1.4 . 1.5 , preferably polyethylene protective layers, laminated. It is on the outside of the return electrode 1.2 an electrically insulating and transparent first protective layer 1.4 arranged and on an outside of the front electrode 1.1 an electrically insulating and transparent second protective layer 1.5 arranged. The protective layers 1.4 . 1.5 thus envelop the front electrode 1.1 , the return electrode 1.2 , the electroluminescent material M and the dielectric 1.3 and thereby serve to protect against mechanical stresses and the ingress of media, in particular the prevention of water ingress.

The 2A and 2 B show various sectional views of an embodiment of a dielectric 1.3 in which the electroluminescent material M is introduced into the carrier layer T, ie mixed with the substrate from which the carrier layer T is formed. For generating the return electrode 1.2 becomes the first electrical conductor 1.2.2 in an ultrasonic laying method by means of an ultrasonic sonotrode 2 in a bottom of the dielectric 1.3 ie in one of the front electrodes 1.1 opposite side of the dielectric 1.3 , brought in.

Here is the first electrical conductor 1.2.2 formed as a single wire, and is by means of a in the ultrasonic sonotrode 2 integrated wire guide unit 2.1 between the ultrasound sonotrode 2 and the dielectric 1.3 guided. Alternatively, an embodiment of the first electrical conductor 1.2.2 possible as a strand.

The ultrasonic sonotrode vibrates 2 with a frequency in the ultrasonic range and the first electrical conductor 1.2.2 is simultaneously pressurized to the bottom of the dielectric 1.3 pressed. Due to the resulting frictional heat, the surface of the bottom of the dielectric 1.3 whose carrier layer T is preferably formed from a thermoplastic material, melted up or fused, so that the first electrical conductor formed as a single wire 1.2.2 in the dielectric 1.3 penetrates and is thus introduced into this.

In addition, the electrical conductor 1.2.2 in a manner not shown one or more times such over the dielectric 1.3 ie an outer edge of the dielectric 1.3 , arranged projecting, that an area arises, which as an electrical connection element 1.2.1 is usable.

In this case, the first electrical conductor 1.2.2 in a simple manner in any shape, for example, grid-shaped, grid-shaped, frame-shaped, meandering or further formations in the dielectric 1.3 be introduced.

Alternatively to the introduction of the first electrical conductor 1.2.2 in the dielectric 1.3 can the ultrasound sonotrode 2 Also be controlled such that the first electrical conductor 1.2.2 on the surface of the dielectric 1.3 is applied.

The 3A and 3B show different sectional views of the dielectric 1.3 after the 2A and 2 B , wherein as the first electrical conductor 1.2.2 a single wire, which is surrounded by an insulation I, by means of the ultrasonic sonotrode 2 integrated wire guide unit 2.1 between the ultrasound sonotrode 2 and the dielectric 1.3 to be led.

Due to the vibration of the ultrasonic sonotrode 2 generated frictional heat is next to the surface of the bottom of the dielectric 1.3 , also the insulation I in the contact area with the dielectric 1.3 melted or fused, so that the trained as a single wire first electrical conductor 1.2.2 in the dielectric 1.3 penetrates and is thus introduced into this. The part of the single wire, which is not in the dielectric 1.3 penetrates, remains encased in the insulation I continues. The insulation I is preferably formed from the same thermoplastic material as the substrate of the carrier layer T in order to optimize the process sequence. From the retention of the insulation I on the dielectric 1.3 opposite side of the first electrical conductor 1.2.2 can advantageously account for additional electrically insulating components, such as additional layers, so that a high mechanical flexibility of the planar electroluminescent 1 is reached.

In the 4A to 4C is the one on the bottom of the dielectric 1.3 Return electrode generated by the ultrasonic laying method 1.2 shown, wherein the 4A the return electrode 1.2.2 with a trained as a single wire without electrical insulation I first electrical conductor 1.2.2 in a sectional view, the 4B the return electrode 1.2.2 with a trained as a single wire with electrical insulation I first electrical conductor 1.2.2 in a sectional view and the 4C the return electrode 1.2.2 with a trained as a single wire without electrical insulation I first electrical conductor 1.2.2 in a perspective view represents.

During the ultrasonic laying process, the first electrical conductor becomes 1.2.2 preferably in the form of characters, symbols, geometric shapes or combinations of these in the surface of the dielectric 1.3 introduced, so that letters, words, phrases, sentences and / or pictorial representations can be generated.

This is the first electrical conductor 1.2.2 only in sections into the surface of the dielectric 1.3 introduced, so that the areas B1 to B3 arise. In this case, the first region B1 represents a non-conductive region, in which when the dielectric is acted upon 1.3 with the electric field no light phenomenon is generated. In the areas B2 and B3, which are electrically conductive areas, on the other hand, when exposed to the electric field, a light phenomenon is generated. That is, the two-dimensional electroluminescent device 1 only shines in the areas B2, B3, in which the first electrical conductor 1.2.2 in the dielectric 1.3 introduced or applied to this.

This results in a particularly advantageous manner that the letters, words, phrases, sentences and / or pictorial representations can be generated in a simple and particularly energy-saving manner by means of an uninterrupted electrical conductor by free areas between individual characters are created by generating a plurality of non-conductive areas B1 ,

To produce the planar electroluminescent device according to the invention 1 , in particular an electroluminescent, becomes the dielectric 1.3 with the at the bottom of the dielectric 1.3 introduced return electrode 1.2 as layered as in 1 shown for the prior art, arranged below that the first protective layer 1.4 , and above the front electrode 1.1 and the second protective layer thereon 1.5 are arranged.

In a particularly advantageous manner, at least the second protective layer 1.4 formed from a textile fabric, so that, for example, an application of the planar electroluminescent 1 in buildings as window curtains, in vehicles as a headliner, in buses or trucks as window curtains or other applications is possible, in particular ambiente lighting or the representation of the formed from the characters, symbols and / or geometric shapes letters, words, phrases, sentences and / or to create pictorial representations on large areas.

In particular, in the illustrated embodiment of the dielectric 1.3 as a mixture of the carrier layer T with the electroluminescent material M is the dielectric 1.3 , as already described, very thin. Frequently, electrical breakdowns between the dielectric 1.3 and the return conductor 1.2 to avoid, in a manner not shown an additional insulation layer between the dielectric 1.3 and the return conductor 1.2 arranged. This insulating layer is, for example, as an electrically insulating lacquer on the underside of the dielectric 1.3 applied. In such a construction, the first electrical conductor becomes 1.2.2 introduced or applied to the insulating layer, this according to the introduction of the first electrical conductor 1.2.2 in the dielectric 1.3 he follows.

Also, I can not detail the way the second electrical conductor 1.1.2 Alternatively or additionally be introduced according to the described method by means of the ultrasonic laying process in a carrier layer or applied to this, resulting in the advantages already described, and in addition the mechanical flexibility of the planar electroluminescent 1 , ie in particular the electroluminescent, further increased and their energy consumption is further reduced.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

electroluminescent

1.1

front electrode

1.1.1

connecting element

1.1.2

Electrical conductor

1.2

back electrode

1.2.1

connecting element

1.2.2

Electrical conductor

1.3

dielectric

1.4

protective layer

1.5

protective layer

2

ultrasonic sonotrode

2.1

Wire guide unit

B1

Area

B2

Area

B3

Area

I

insulation

M

Electroluminescent material

T

backing

Claims (18)

Method for producing a planar electroluminescent device ( 1 ), wherein a return electrode ( 1.2 ), an electroluminescent material (M), a dielectric ( 1.3 ) and a front electrode ( 1.1 ) are arranged in layers, wherein the formation of the back electrode ( 1.2 ) a first electrical conductor ( 1.2.2 ) and / or for the formation of the front electrode ( 1.1 ) a second electrical conductor ( 1.2.2 ) by means of an ultrasonic sonotrode ( 2 ) are produced in an ultrasonic laying process, characterized in that the first electrical conductor ( 1.2.2 ) and / or the second electrical conductor ( 1.1.2 ) are formed as a single wire or stranded wire, wherein the first electrical conductor ( 1.2.2 ) by means of an ultrasound sonotrode ( 2 ) integrated wire guide unit ( 2.1 ) between the ultrasonic sonotrode ( 2 ) and the dielectric ( 1.3 ) or between the ultrasound sonotrode ( 2 ) and one on the dielectric ( 1.3 ) arranged insulating layer is guided and / or the second electrical conductor ( 1.1.2 ) by means of the wire guide unit ( 2.1 ) between the ultrasonic sonotrode ( 2 ) and a transparent carrier layer is guided. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the first electrical conductor ( 1.2.2 ) by means of the ultrasonic sonotrode ( 2 ) at least in sections into the dielectric ( 1.3 ) or into the dielectric ( 1.3 ) arranged insulating layer and / or on the dielectric ( 1.3 ) or the insulating layer is applied. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the second electrical conductor ( 1.1.2 ) by means of the ultrasonic sonotrode ( 2 ) is introduced at least in sections into the transparent carrier layer and / or applied to this carrier layer. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first electrical conductor ( 1.2.2 ) and / or the second electrical conductor ( 1.1.2 ) in the form of characters, symbols, geometric shapes or combinations of these. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the insulating layer between the back electrode ( 1.2 ) and the dielectric ( 1.3 ) is arranged. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first electrical conductor ( 1.2.2 ) simply or repeatedly over the dielectric ( 1.3 ) or the insulating layer is arranged protruding and / or that the second electrical conductor ( 1.1.2 ) is arranged simply protruding over the transparent carrier layer. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on an outer side of the return electrode ( 1.2 ) an electrically insulating and transparent first protective layer ( 1.4 ) is arranged and / or on an outer side of the front electrode ( 1.1 ) an electrically insulating and transparent second protective layer ( 1.5 ) is arranged. Method according to claim 7, characterized in that the first protective layer ( 1.4 ) and / or the second protective layer ( 1.5 ) are formed from a tissue. Flat electroluminescent device ( 1 ), produced by a method according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the back electrode ( 1.2 ) a first electrical conductor ( 1.2.2 ) and / or the front electrode ( 1.1 ) a second electrical conductor ( 1.1.2 ), wherein the first electrical conductor ( 1.2.2 ) and / or the second electrical conductor ( 1.1.2 ) are formed as a single wire or stranded wire, wherein the first electrical conductor ( 1.2.2 ) by means of an ultrasound sonotrode ( 2 ) integrated wire guide unit ( 2.1 ) between the ultrasonic sonotrode ( 2 ) and a dielectric ( 1.3 ) or between the ultrasound sonotrode ( 2 ) and one on the dielectric ( 1.3 ) Insulated layer is feasible and / or the second electrical conductor ( 1.1.2 ) between the ultrasonic sonotrode ( 2 ) and a transparent carrier layer is feasible. Flat electroluminescent device ( 1 ) according to claim 9, characterized in that the first electrical conductor ( 1.2.2 ) at least in sections into the dielectric ( 1.3 ) or in one on the dielectric ( 1.3 ) arranged insulating layer and / or on the dielectric ( 1.3 ) or the insulating layer is applied and / or that the second electrical conductor ( 1.1.2 ) is at least partially introduced into a transparent carrier layer and / or applied to this carrier layer. Flat electroluminescent device ( 1 ) according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the single wire or the strand are at least partially surrounded by an insulation (I). Flat electroluminescent device ( 1 ) according to one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the first electrical conductor ( 1.2.2 ) and / or the second electrical conductor ( 1.1.2 ) are arranged in the form of characters, symbols, geometric shapes or combinations thereof. Flat electroluminescent device ( 1 ) according to any one of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that the insulating layer between the back electrode ( 1.2 ) and the dielectric ( 1.3 ) is arranged. Flat electroluminescent device ( 1 ) according to one of claims 9 to 13, characterized in that the insulating layer is an electrically insulating lacquer layer. Flat electroluminescent device ( 1 ) according to one of claims 9 to 14, characterized in that at least one via the dielectric ( 1.3 ) or the insulating layer protruding arranged portion of the first electrical conductor ( 1.2.2 ) and / or at least one region of the second electrical conductor which projects beyond the transparent carrier layer (US Pat. 1.1.2 ) as electrical connection elements ( 1.2.1 . 1.1.1 ) are formed. Flat electroluminescent device ( 1 ) according to one of claims 9 to 15, characterized in that on an outer side of the return electrode ( 1.2 ) an electrically insulating and transparent first protective layer ( 1.4 ) is arranged and / or on an outer side of the front electrode ( 1.1 ) an electrically insulating and transparent second protective layer ( 1.5 ) is arranged. Flat electroluminescent device ( 1 ) according to claim 16, characterized in that the first protective layer ( 1.4 ) and / or the second protective layer ( 1.5 ) is formed of a fabric. Flat electroluminescent device ( 1 ) according to claim 17, characterized in that the fabric is a textile fabric.

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