DE102009013468A1 - Device for complete and/or partial wet- and electrochemical treatment of products in a wet system as immersion bath system, comprises an elongated galvanizing magazine, and an elongated electrically insulating and non-conducting aperture - Google Patents

Abstract

The device for complete and/or partial wet treatment and electrochemical treatment of the products (1) in a wet system as immersion bath system or continuous flow system, comprises an elongated galvanizing magazine (2) having an electrically conducting and electrically insulating tubular magazine body (3) at the outer surfaces with exception of contact surface for individually clamping and electrically contactably supporting the products, and elongated electrically insulating and electrically non-conducting aperture (6) present at the magazine body and displaceable inside the wet system. The device for complete and/or partial wet treatment and electrochemical treatment of the products (1) in a wet system as immersion bath system or continuous flow system, comprises an elongated galvanizing magazine (2) having an electrically conducting and electrically insulating tubular magazine body (3) at the outer surfaces with exception of contact surface for individually clamping and electrically contactably supporting the products, and elongated electrically insulating and electrically non-conducting aperture (6) present at the magazine body and displaceable inside the wet system. The magazine body has two magazine shanks (4), at whose one end a spring clamping jaw (17) is present for each product, where the spring clamping jaw is separated from the adjacent clamping jaws by slits. The clamping jaws have contact surfaces, are present at the magazine body for clamping and supporting the products and for electrical current transfer from the galvanizing magazine to the product, and have profile and/or stop, by which a displacement and/or distortion of the product is not possible during external force effect on the clamped product. The slits are present at the shank for the formation of spring clamping jaws that are independent of each other. The displaceable aperture is opened and closed inside and outside of the wet system by a drive, and is opened and openly kept by spring force. The aperture is displaceable by pivotation or displacement, stably occupies the opened and closed end position by the spring force over a dead point, and is displaceable by a drivable push rod, a cam or cam webs or flowable paddle. The device includes an electrically insulating filling body, which fills an intermediate space of the adjacent products, and a flexible electrically insulating material, which is applied on the product during closing the aperture, where the filling body and the electrically insulating material are present at the aperture. A cross-section of the electrically conducting magazine body is largely dimensioned for the galvanizing current to be guided and for the required mechanical stability. A tubular channel in the galvanizing magazine is used as a flow path for accelerated fluid exchange at the product. An inclined point of the products at the galvanizing magazine is provided for accelerated fluid exchange through the channel present in the galvanizing magazine. An electrically insulating protective layer is present on the surfaces of the magazine body. The aperture has openings at the points in the apertures, which face the partial galvanizing areas of the products in a closed state. The device further includes a product support or double product support for supporting the galvanizing magazine, where the product support is electrically connected with the magazine body. The galvanizing magazine is used for receiving several products, where the cross-section of the magazine body is adapted to the size and shape of the product and to the required cross-section of the channel for fluid exchange. The device further comprises a cyclic drive or vibrator for the movement of an electrode and/or galvanizing magazine, a bath current source as direct current source, unipolar pulse current source, bipolar pulse current source or current source for technical alternating current, a suction device for sucking the gases developed during the electrochemical treatment, and galvanizing electrolytes for the deposition of a single metal, an alloy or a composite layer with dispersed solid particles on the product. An independent claim is included for a method for complete and/or partial wet treatment and electrochemical treatment of the products in a wet system as immersion bath system or continuous flow system.

Description

The The invention relates to an apparatus and a method for precise and gentle wet-chemical and electrochemical treatment of good, especially of small parts, as well as for partial electroplating Such goods in continuous systems and preferably in Tauchbadanlagen. The estate is z. B. to decorative parts that are cleaned and to save coating metal only to those needed in use and / or visible areas to be galvanized. Furthermore the invention is suitable for full-surface or partial electroplating of functional goods, in particular for increase the wear resistance. Such metallic good becomes at least partially electrolytically with the surface provided a particularly abrasion resistant layer, for. B. with hard chrome or with hard chromium dispersion materials.

typical Examples include tools and tool inserts. These are usually only on a comparatively small surface compared to the entire surface abrasive loaded. Therefore it is sufficient to reinforce only these load surfaces. The required technical effort for partial Galvanization according to the prior art is in an electrochemical Treatment big. Therefore, such small parts are either as a mass product on the entire surface in a galvanizing drum pretreated and galvanized. Especially with flat small parts there is a risk that these partially adhere to each other, ensuring precise exposure times for every surface area the small parts in the sequential processes and rinsing processes not are to be kept. In the drum treatment, the Small parts as bulk material also due to scratches and / or edge defects to be damaged. Therefore, with special quality requirements the precision of the coating other methods for full-surface or partial increase in wear resistance applied by goods, eg. B. physical methods. These However, they are more expensive than electrolytic processes. Tools and tool inserts where only a partial Galvanization, z. B. is required with hard chrome, u. a. Inserts for screwdrivers, d. H. so-called bits, Blades and blades, tips, punch numbers, cutters, drills, Cutting links for saw chains and engraving tools.

The Good is for treatment in galvanizing magazines. Before it can be galvanized, pretreatments are required. These consist not only of wet-chemical processes but also of electrochemical processes Processes, such as As the anodic and / or cathodic degreasing and pickling or anodic etching and electropolishing, each with inserted rinsing processes. In As a rule, the entire surface of the material is at least pretreated become. A typical example of this are various sequential cleaning processes. In contrast, the subsequent Galvanizing in the same galvanizing magazine often only at the functionally required Surface areas of the good done. These are devices as z. B. magazines for receiving the goods known, however, also allow only a partial pretreatment.

The publication DE 44 19 984 C2 describes a galvanizing magazine for coating components. Rod-shaped electrodes are arranged on the circumference of a magazine, which rotates during plating around its longitudinal axis. Apertures with openings take on the cylindrical small parts, which are magnetically held on the electrodes and thereby electrically contacted. During electroplating, the material and thus also the electrodes are cathodically poled. The cathodic current is supplied via a high-current rotary contact the rotating driven Galvanisiermagazin. All cathodically poled construction elements, in particular the electrodes located in the electrolyte, must be carefully shielded from the electric field emanating from the anodes. Otherwise, intermediate demetallization of the galvanizing magazine can not be avoided. The technical effort for partial plating by means of this Galvanisiermagazins is large, the number of small parts to be plated a magazine filling is low.

Another method for the selective galvanization of good describes the document DE 198 22 196 C2 , The non-electroplated areas of the goods are wrapped by a Faraday cage. This cage, which is poled cathodically, is galvanized in place of the area of the material therein. This requires additional demetallization of the cage. In addition, it unnecessarily consumes deposition metal. Here, the material is wet-chemically pretreated on the entire surface and post-treated, but not in the most necessary electrochemical pretreatments. These are done only partially, which is usually insufficient.

task The invention therefore relates to a galvanizing magazine and a method for wet chemical and electrochemical precise and gently treating good. They should be needed the treatment both on the entire surface of the goods as well as only partially individually and indeed in all processes for pretreatment, electroplating and in the post-treatment processes.

When galvanizing this material metallization of the cathodically poled construction elements should be avoided. At the sequentiel len processes should be the procedurally optimal replacement of the treatment liquid on the surface of the goods or the complete drying of the same possible. Furthermore, the plating magazine should avoid an unacceptable carryover of treatment liquid from one bath to the next.

Solved The object is achieved by the device according to claim 1 and by the method according to claim 24. The dependent claims describe advantageous embodiments of the invention.

The Solution to this technically demanding task looks to Inclusion of the goods individually adaptable to the respective process Galvanizing magazine in front. This allows for the required Substance exchange on the individual surfaces to be treated or surface areas of the material in both wet chemical as well as in electrochemical treatments, or pretreatments and aftercare. The electrochemical processes take place in electrolytic cells and in electroplating cells.

The Galvanizing magazine is on the one hand with its dimensions accordingly the size and shape of the goods and on the other hand to the sequential processes of wet chemical and electrochemical Pre-treatment and post-treatment as well as partial electroplating customizable. The electroplating magazine according to the invention is also suitable for electroless metallization of good.

The electrically conductive plating magazine takes a variety of goods z. B. clamping and provides individual electrical connections from the galvanizing magazine to each one Good. A rack head of the Galvanisiermagazin sets the electrical Connection to the goods carrier ago. At a goods carrier are usually attached to many elongated Galvanisiermagazine. Together they form a plane that is preferably plane parallel to placed on the active electrodes or anodes of the electrolytic cell is. These electrolytic cells are each in one Immersion bath or a vertical continuous bath.

Of the placed on the working container of a dipping bath on cushions Goods carrier is in the electrochemical treatments electrically connected to one pole of the bath power source. The good is one electrode of the electrolytic cell. The other pole is with the other electrode as the active electrode or counter electrode or with the usually two similar ones in parallel connected electrodes of a dip bath electrically connected. These active electrodes are on the front and on the back the plating magazines arranged in a dip. The estate can z. As for electrochemical descaling, pickling, and degreasing both poled anodically as well as cathodically. Even with a cathodic Polarity of the goods is determined by the treatment liquid used no metal deposited on this. Usually these are done electrochemical processes alternately anodic and cathodic. In electrochemical etching and electropolishing this is Well always anodic and the electrode (s) connected cathodically. The etching takes place mostly for roughening the surface of the goods to Improvement of the adhesive strength of the subsequently deposited Metal layer. The material or the surface coating The plating magazine should be chosen so that it is chemically and chemically in the electrochemical etching and electropolishing anodic not attacked. Sufficient is z. B. a galvanizing magazine made of titanium, titanium-copper, steel or stainless steel and optionally with a precious metal coating at the contact points. With the exception The contact points to the goods are the surfaces of the galvanizing magazine electrically insulated and / or shielded. The customizable tubular plating magazine is inside and externally by means of a coating almost completely electrically isolated. Thus, the invention also eliminates the required according to the described prior art regular Demetallization of cathodic contact agents.

The wet-chemical and electrochemical pretreatments and after-treatments usually done on the entire surface of the goods. For this is an unhindered influx of the respective Treatment liquid to this entire surface every single good required for the necessary mass transfer to ensure treatment. The same applies to the air flow for drying the goods. In contrast, the mass transfer takes place in one partial treatment, especially in partial plating only in the places that are actually to be treated. The other areas of the goods should as possible from the treatment liquid do not flow around. When partial plating should these areas are also not reached by the electric field, that emanates from the anode towards the estate. Therefore, the surface areas of the goods that are inside the galvanizing magazine, during partial electrochemical treatment against the electric field largely or completely shield.

These different functions are fulfilled by the adaptable plating magazine according to the invention. It can take on at least two different characteristics. On the one hand, it allows the unimpeded and intensive influx of the treatment liquid and / or the electric field to the entire surface of the material. On the other hand it can be adjusted so that only one predetermined area or more predetermined areas of the material are treated electrochemically. The conversion is carried out as needed in well equipped with galvanizing magazines z. B. within the wet plant between the processes or outside before and after loading and unloading the Galvanisiermagazine.

At each elongated plating magazine is at least an equally elongated movable panel for demand-based electrical Shielding of areas of the property. This aperture can be adjusted accordingly the requirements of the processes by means of a drive and / or by means of spring force open outside and inside the wet system and closed. The good is arranged on the galvanizing magazine so that for pretreatment with open aperture (s) this from the electric field coming from the active electrode of the electrochemical Cell goes out, is completely reached. simultaneously It gets completely from the treatment liquid flows around. For this purpose, the galvanizing magazines are tubular executed. Out of nozzles, located at the bottom of the working container If necessary, the treatment liquid flows into the galvanizing magazine. This acts as a manifold and directs the treatment liquid to each on the galvanizing magazine Good, whereby the required mass transfer to the entire surface of the same is achieved. Good flows in front the treatment liquid in the working container back. The tubular galvanizing magazine allows thus an intensive exchange of the treatment liquid during the electrochemical treatment, resulting in higher Current densities are applicable. The same applies to wet chemical Processes, which also usually involve an intensive mass transfer require the surface.

Of course can with this setting of the galvanizing magazine and the intense flow the treatment liquid also a complete, d. H. an all-round electroplating or without external power Metallizing the good done. In comparison to a drum galvanization always reproducible coating results are achieved. Furthermore the product is treated very gently according to the invention. Scratches on the surfaces of the goods or edge defects, as they can occur in a plating drum, prevents the galvanizing magazine according to the invention.

For partial plating, the aperture (s) on the plating magazine are or will be closed. They then release only the surface areas of the material which are in the direction of the active electrode ( 8th ) and which are to be galvanized. The other surface areas of the material, which protrude into the interior of the Galvanisiermagazinins are largely free of the electric field. Therefore, these areas are not or almost not galvanized depending on the scattering of the used electrolyte or the treatment liquid. In the case of partial electroplating, no material exchange at the material is required inside the galvanizing magazine. Therefore, nozzles for flowing treatment liquid into the plating magazines can also be dispensed with in the plating cells or their working containers. The lack of mass transfer at the surface areas of the material, which protrude into the interior of the Galvanisiermagazinins, is another means for preventing electroplating or electrochemical treatment of these surface areas. The galvanized or treated outer surface areas of the material can be used for mass transfer z. B. be streamed by known nozzle sticks or activated by an air injection into the working container.

The at least at the bottom open tubular Galvanisiermagazine are designed so that when you lift them out of the electrochemical baths and rinsing baths the treatment liquid quickly and completely can drain away. This has a short dripping time and a low carryover of the treatment liquids for Episode.

According to the invention preferably used plane active electrodes. This allows galvanizing In addition to insoluble anodes advantageous also the use of soluble anodes as plate anodes or as bulk material in anode baskets. Insoluble anodes require for Metal supplement corresponding chemicals, salts or ion generators.

to Achieving special effects can be used to power the electrochemical cells or electroplating cells known Badstromversorgungs sources are used. These are z. B. Power sources for direct current, unipolar pulse current or bipolar pulse current. This can z. B. the dispersion of the deposition can be influenced. For hard chrome, the formation of required microcracks in the deposited layer are controlled. For electrochemical Processes, e.g. As for degreasing, pickling or cleaning, the anodic and cathodic, is also a cost-effective technical alternating current. The change of the two types of treatment anodic / cathodic z. B. with 50 Hz.

The treatments of the invention are preferably carried out in immersion baths. The estate is placed in it and remains in place during the treatment. Good, which is arranged in the galvanizing cell, is only galvanized on the side or on the region which faces the anode. The non-treated side of the property is located in Galvanisiermagazin and is therefore not or almost not metallized without electrical insulation of the surface of the goods.

at In all embodiments of the invention, the electrodes and / or the Galvanisiermagazine vibration or cyclically by means a goods movement to be moved. This reduces the thickness of the Diffusion layer on the surfaces and it promotes the detachment of gas bubbles from the surfaces. The resulting gases in the processes are by appropriate Suction removed, not shown in the figures are.

The invention is described below with reference to the schematic and not to scale 1 to 5 described in detail.

These Figures show the invention using the example of a cutting member to Use in saw chains whose life z. B. by means Hard chrome plating or hard chrome plating should be increased. These cutting elements are z. B. in the pretreatment electrochemically completely clean and only partially galvanized and only on the cutting teeth or on the cutting teeth and at the depth limiter. The rest of the cutting elements should not be coated.

1 shows the situation of Galvanisiermagazins invention when loading or unloading the goods with a view from above.

2 shows in excerpt four examples with differently shaped jaws for attaching a good at the galvanizing magazine.

The 3a shows by way of example in two views cutting members on a galvanizing magazine as an irregularly cut and bent hardware with several outstanding areas for electrochemical treatment of the entire surface of the goods.

The 3b shows by way of example in two views cutting members on a galvanizing magazine as an irregularly cut and bent small part with several outstanding areas for partial galvanization of the goods.

The 4a shows an electrochemical cell in an immersion bath with a view from above the electrode and the previously placed galvanizing magazines with the material located therein for all-round treatment.

The 4b shows an electrolytic Galvanisierzelle in an immersion bath with a view from the top of the anode and the previously placed Galvanisiermagazine with the material located therein for partial galvanization.

The 5 shows in section a goods carrier with Galvanisiermagazinen in a dip and flow elements for flow through the Galvanisiermagazine in a wet-chemical or electrochemical treatment of the goods.

The 1 shows the situation z. As in the loading of a Galvanisiermagazins 2 with the estate 1 , This is in particular small parts, such as the cutting members of a saw chain shown here as an example. These have a particularly irregular shaped circumference with additional cranked characteristics. They are to be electrochemically pretreated and galvanized only on a small area of the surface. This partial treatment is intended to protect the cutting teeth against rapid wear during use. This is z. As a metallization with hard chrome or a corresponding composite electroplating with finely dispersed solid particles. Suitable particles consist for. As silicon carbide, tungsten carbide or diamond.

The galvanizing magazine 2 is elongated. It stands out in the presentation of 1 perpendicular to the plane of the drawing. At least one on the galvanizing magazine 2 arranged displaceable, elongated aperture 6 , The active lengths of the structural elements depend on the depth of the available wet chemical and electrochemical baths of the plant. You can z. B. 750 millimeters.

The galvanizing magazine 2 consists of an electrically conductive magazine body 3 , This is bent here u-shaped. He has for the leading to electroplating current and for the required mechanical stability of a sufficiently large-sized cross-section. The U-shape forms two pronounced, spring-biased legs 4 , The ends of the thighs 4 are to form jaws 17 pinnate, ie provided with slots in this 1 are not visible. Depending on the shape of the goods 1 can the magazine body 3 also have more than two legs with jaws.

The good 1 is made by the spring-biased thighs 4 and their jaws 17 jamming and keeping the electric current transmitted. To compensate for mechanical tolerances located on both sides of the respective position of a good 1 at least on one leg 4 at the galvanizing magazine 2 a slot of the Fiederung. This will be every good 1 Individually springy on the galvanizing magazine 2 which ensures safe transport and power transmission even in the presence of dimensional tolerances Contact partners are given.

For all z. B. 100 or more goods 1 in a galvanizing magazine 2 are defined by the slots, the spaced apart loading positions exactly. This allows automation of the loading of the galvanizing magazines 2 and their emptying after the treatment. It is particularly advantageous that a handling device feeds the upstream goods into the galvanizing magazines in a single operation 2 insert and remove as well. The irises 6 must be removed beforehand and replaced after loading. These adjustable panels 6 can on the magazine body 3 around a pivot 19 pivotally mounted as shown. They can also be relocated differently, eg. B. by insertion into clamping devices. In the pre-treatments and post-treatments, especially when drying, the aperture 6 still open or again. They are closed at least with a partial plating in between.

The movable panels 6 are in their design and size individually to the magazine body 3 and especially adapted to the shape and to the surface of the goods to be plated. The same applies to the execution of the drive of the panels 6 , In the 1 Examples are shown here. In practice, however, only one of these embodiments is sufficient. The drives described below allow the shutters to be closed and opened 6 outside and inside the immersion bath or the vertical continuous flow system.

The galvanizing magazine 2 and therefore also the goods 1 at this galvanizing are connected cathodically. So only the good 1 metallized in the designated places are all other areas of the good and the Galvanisiermagazins 2 protect against the electric field emitted by an anode or isolate. That's why the galvanizing magazine is 2 provided at least on all outer surfaces with an electrically insulating coating, for. B. with an insulating varnish or with a known from the frame ago material such. As PVC or materials based on PVC such. B. Halar. Also preferred are the inner surfaces of the Galvanisiermagazins 2 electrically isolated. All of these insulating layers are for purposes of illustration in the 1 to 5 not shown. Excluded from these coatings are small narrow contact surfaces 5 that make the electrical contact from the galvanizing magazine 2 to the good 1 produce. These contact surfaces 5 stay metallic bare. They can also be provided with a noble metal layer for reliable power transmission.

Against the electric field are also the areas of the goods 1 to be protected, which should not be metallized or not treated and point towards the anode during electroplating. The elongate, displaceable and electrically non-conductive diaphragms serve this purpose 6 , which are wide open during loading and unloading, just like the 1 shows. After loading, they remain open, depending on the process, or they are closed, ie, they are swung over the product to a predetermined surface area, which is required at least in the partial galvanization. It can be seen that then only a small area of the goods 1 unprotected or unshielded. Only this small area is then treated.

Electroplating electrolytes have different storage capacities. So z. B. a Hartchrombad very little. This means that the electric field and thus the metal deposition almost not in the interior of the arrangement consisting of the magazine body 3 and its channel 7 , the good 1 and the closed panels 6 , reaches into it. Only the intended outer area of the material is metallized.

In the case of a very well scattering electroplating electrolyte, on the other hand, the diaphragms can 6 not be sufficiently tight. In particular, the spaces between adjacent goods 1 at the galvanizing magazine 2 should then be closed. This can be done by suitably shaped electrically non-conductive filler, which on the panels 6 are attached comb-like.

As a further measure to seal the non-metallizing areas of the goods 1 and the contact surfaces 5 can the irises 6 and / or the filling bodies are provided with an elastic and electrically insulating material. This material settles when closing the panels 6 to the surfaces of the goods to be insulated 1 and the galvanizing magazine 2 and prevents unwanted metallization of the covered surfaces even with a very deep scattering electroplating.

The elongated galvanizing magazine 2 or the magazine body 3 and the thighs 4 are designed in cross section as it is for the shape of the goods 1 is required. So z. As well as a round tube, which is slotted longitudinally, be suitable. In all cases forms the magazine body 3 together with the stuffed good 1 an elongated channel 7 , Through this channel 7 can be done a quick exchange of the treatment liquid, eg. B. when sinking the Galvanisiermagazin 2 in a treatment bath and when lifting from the bath, z. B. also for rinsing.

Especially if the good 1 Having a larger flat surface, it can also be inclined in a particularly suitable direction on Galvanisiermagazin 2 be clamped to accelerate the flow of the treatment liquid again.

Each galvanizing magazine 2 is attached to the loading of a goods carrier and electrically connected to this. The loading and unloading of the galvanizing magazines 2 can also be done directly on the product carrier. On the goods carrier is a variety of galvanizing magazines 2 , A means of transport promotes the Galvanisiermagazine 2 or the goods carriers or dual carriers from treatment station to treatment station of the wet system.

For loading and unloading, the galvanizing magazines 2 be open, ie the aperture 6 must be relocated in such a way that the goods to be treated can be brought into and removed from the intended positions. This open situation of electroplating magazines 2 is also needed in most or all of the pretreatment and post-treatment processes, including drying. Therefore, the mechanical design for shifting the aperture 6 preferably designed so that the opening of the galvanizing magazines 2 no active drive is required. This shows the embodiment of 1 , The shape of the example chosen good 1 and the small area to be partially plated requires two displaceable elongated apertures 6 , These are here pivotable about pivot points 19 stored. They are shaped so that when closed they only cover the surface areas that are to be galvanized.

Opening and keeping the panels open 6 at the galvanizing magazine 2 takes place for. B. by means of at least one tension spring 20 that attaches to the tab 21 and thus on the magazine body 3 Has. At the aperture shown on the right 6 is in extension over the pivot point 19 away the lever 22 attached. At this draws the tension spring 20 , making this aperture 6 is pulled into the open position. About a linkage 23 is also the aperture shown on the left 6 opened and kept open. The linkage 23 engages in a drive lever 24 a, the at this also rotatably arranged aperture 6 is attached. Thus both are apertures 6 without external force by means of the spring or springs 20 open.

There is also the possibility of two stationary end positions of the aperture 6 to realize by means of a spring. In this case, an external force acts on the panels 6 , wherein the spring is moved over a dead center. On both sides of the dead center take the aperture 6 stable end positions.

On the hinged panels 6 may or may be in the area of the lower end of the galvanizing magazine 2 at least one paddle 25 to be appropriate. This can be used as a drive element for opening the panels 6 serve. During pre- and post-treatments as well as during drying, z. B. nozzles the treatment liquid or the drying air in the channel 7 of the galvanizing magazine 2 one. These currents are directed so that the paddles 25 are taken and the aperture 6 open swiveling. In this case, the tension spring 20 omitted.

Closing the panels 6 is usually required only for partial electrochemical treatment and / or for partial galvanization. These are in the 1 two versions shown as examples:
The directional arrows 26 show the shifting of the aperture 6 , wherein the execution of the displacement is not limited to the pivoting shown here. The irises 6 can z. B. also be moved laterally and removed. The construction elements for shifting the panels 6 are z. B. at the lower or upper end of the elongated Galvanisiermagazins 2 , In particular, the drive lever 24 is installed above. In these attacks in the plant positions in which the galvanizing magazine 2 should be closed against the spring force, ie in the plating bath, a dash-dotted stationary arranged push rod 27 one. It moves the drive lever 24 around the fulcrum 19 in the direction of the pivot arrows 28 , This drive is via the linkage 23 also the aperture shown on the right 6 shifted in the respective direction. As another example for closing the panels 6 Stationarily arranged cam tracks can be arranged in the system positions in which the galvanizing magazines 2 should be closed. These are located on the panels 6 cam 40 , These run when lowering the goods carrier in the appropriately equipped dipping bath on the cam tracks, whereby the aperture 6 pressed against the spring force in the direction of closing. Other drives of the panels can be realized by means of known construction means and methods.

The 2 shows examples for clamping the goods 1 at the galvanizing magazine 2 , At this are jaws 17 that the good 1 wear clamped. At the same time these jaws form 17 contact surfaces 5 for power transmission in the electrochemical processes. These contact surfaces 5 are free of electrical insulation, which adhere to the remaining surfaces of the magazine body 3 or Galvanisiermagazin 2 are located. The contact surfaces 5 can be provided with a noble metal coating to reduce the contact resistance, if necessary. Each good to be clamped 1 is too associated with an unavoidable tolerance of the dimensions. At slightly different lengths adjacent goods different clamping forces and thus different contact contact resistances would occur. Therefore, each clamping position is on the galvanizing magazine 2 by means of slots 14 separated from the adjacent clamping position. Thus, each jaw bounces 17 regardless of the two adjacent jaws 17 , This results in a secure clamping and contacting of toleranced goods to the galvanizing magazine 2 , At least on a magazine leg 4 are these slots 14 required. In the simplest version of the jaws 17 these are unprofiled, just like the 2 top left shows. In an intensive flow around the clamped material with the treatment liquid forces act on this. You could do the good 1 deflect or twist from the intended position. In this possible case are the jaws 17 profiled at least on one of the two sides. Exemplary embodiments thereof show the further illustrations of the jaws 17 in the 2 , The profile of the jaws 17 keeps the good in the intended location, even if it is from the galvanizing magazine 2 out or from the outside is intensively flowed around with treatment liquid. The same can also z. B. embossed attacks on the jaws 17 cause.

The 3a shows in two views the situation of a galvanizing magazine 2 in an electrochemical bath for the pretreatment of the material or for the complete galvanization thereof. For this purpose, the galvanizing magazine 2 opened, which is also the case with the aftertreatment and drying. The estate is on the galvanizing magazine 2 towards the electrode 8th aligned. Opening the two panels 6 takes place automatically by means of the tension spring 20 and the linkage 23 , The galvanizing magazine 2 can also be opened alternatively by the flow of the treatment liquid. This flows from nozzles 29 or from nozzle openings 30 against the paddles 25 , The nozzles 29 are arranged in the work containers in which the process is an open galvanizing magazine 2 requires. In this case, all surface areas of the goods are to be flowed around with treatment liquid.

The electrochemical cell consists of the electrode 8th or the anode 8th and the estate 1 as the counter electrode, which are located in the working container, with the treatment liquid 31 or the plating electrolyte 11 filled is. The electrical treatment stream is from the bath power source 10 fed. This can be reversed if necessary and therefore the good 1 anodic and cathodic poland. The power files 12 characterize the path of the flow through the treatment liquid 31 and through the electrical conductors 13 , The treatment liquid 31 flows out of the nozzle openings 30 in the channel 7 The magazine body 3 forms. The channel 7 acts as a manifold, eliminating any good 1 at the galvanizing magazine 2 for mass transfer of the treatment liquid 31 is achieved very well. The reverse, not shown, the way the flow is applicable. In this case, the treatment liquid 31 or the galvanizing electrolyte 11 from z. B. Nozzle sticks exiting the Galvanisiermagazin 2 directed. Through the channel 7 then the treatment liquid is discharged again.

The upper view of the 3a shows in the cleavage the view from the front on a with goods 1 equipped galvanizing magazine 2 , The panels are for illustrative purposes only as an outline 32 located. For faster drainage of the treatment liquid 31 from the surface of the goods 1 this can also be done in the galvanizing magazine 2 be arranged obliquely. A possible inclination shows that with inclination 15 designated line. This view also shows that the goods in the galvanizing magazine 2 can be arranged very tightly and in a reproducible manner. This allows the already described automatic loading and unloading of the galvanizing magazines 2 , It is advantageous that, despite the large number of goods to a galvanizing magazine 2 , they do not touch each other and therefore can not damage, z. B. by scratches or edge defects.

The 3b shows in two views the situation of a galvanizing magazine 2 in a plating bath for the partial metallization of good 1 , The galvanizing magazine 2 is closed in this case, ie the two panels 6 cover the estate 1 with the exception of the surface area, ie the galvanizing area 9 which is to be metallized. Should z. B. also the depth limiter 41 the cutting member are galvanized, then the aperture shown on the left 6 with openings in front of these areas to be plated. The left panel 6 could also be completely eliminated, which extends the galvanizing on the entire front of the cutting member. These plating areas are toward the anode 8th aligned. As a result, only the loaded in practical use cutting tooth of the cutting member and optionally the depth limiter 41 galvanized. These partial treatments substantially reduce the consumption of coating materials.

Closing the panels 6 takes place actively against the force of the tension spring 20 , The drive is used in this embodiment, the push rod 27 which is preferably above the level of the plating electrolyte 11 located at each galvanizing position of the plant. It is z. B. moved by a pneumatic cylinder. This push rod 27 engages in Lowering the goods carrier into the galvanizing bath z. B. by means of a pin 33 in one on the drive lever 24 located eyelet 34 one, causing the push rod 27 the irises 6 can open and close locally. At every position of a galvanizing magazine 2 on the goods carrier is located on the push rod 27 a cone 33 , eliminating all plating magazines 2 a goods carrier can be closed simultaneously.

The electrolytic galvanizing cell is removed from the anode 8th and the estate 1 formed as a cathode. These are located in the electroplating electrolyte 11 a work container. The bath power source 10 is here unipolar or predominantly unipolar. The power files 12 indicate the flow of current from the anode 8th to the good 1 and through the galvanizing magazine 2 to the conditions of the goods carrier.

The upper illustration of the 3b again shows the view from the front on a fitted galvanizing magazine 2 , where the aperture 6 only as outlines 32 are shown.

The 3a and 3b also show that the galvanizing magazine 2 can be packed very densely with the goods, whereby a given Galvanisierfenster a dip bath is optimally usable. Dipping baths have in practice an active depth of z. B. 750 millimeters. At a thickness of the cranked good 1 from Z. B. 4 mm and a vertical gap from good to good of z. B. 1 mm can then take a Galvanisiermagazin 150 goods. In the horizontal direction are in practice on a goods carrier much more than in the subsequent 4a . 4b and 5 illustrated plating magazines 2 arranged, z. B. 30 , This is very advantageous in a goods carrier 4500 goods, which are each pretreated at the same time electrochemically and galvanically full surface or partially metallized. These treatments are reproducibly precise and very gentle on the product and with the same galvanizing magazine. The good does not need to be reloaded after electrochemical pretreatment for electroplating.

The 4a shows a dip for the electrochemical treatment of good with galvanizing magazines therein 2 , For reasons of clarity, there are only very few plating magazines 2 drawn, wherein the galvanizing magazines 2 carrying goods carrier is not shown. He is on condition 18 on, located at the edge of the working container 16 are located. The irises 6 are for electrochemical treatment z. B. opened by spring force. This allows a flow through the Galvanisiermagazine 2 with treatment liquid 31 that z. B. from nozzles 29 or nozzle openings 30 flows. These are in the work container 16 below the galvanizing magazines 2 arranged. All magazine bodies 3 are electrically above the goods carrier and other electrical conductors 13 with the umpolbaren bath current source 10 electrically connected. The insoluble electrode 8th can according to the polarity of the bath power source 10 act as an anode or as a cathode.

The 4b shows a similar dip for galvanizing the goods 1 , Shown is the partial galvanization with closed diaphragms 6 , The one from the anode 8th outgoing treatment stream reaches only the uncovered area of the goods 1 , whereby only this area is galvanized. Closing the panels 6 takes place for. B. by means of the stationary arranged push rod 27 , This can, for. B. are driven by a pneumatic cylinder Z. Because the part of the goods, located inside the galvanizing magazine 2 are not metallized, are also no nozzles for flow through the channels 7 of the galvanizing magazine 2 with galvanizing electrolyte 11 required. The bath power source 10 is unipolar or switched bipolar pulse current predominantly unipolar.

The 5 shows a small part of a dip bath in frontal view for the electrochemical treatment of good 1 , At opposite edges of a work container 16 is a goods carrier 35 on cushions 18 on. At the goods carrier 35 are by means of magazine heads 36 the plating magazines 2 attached. They extend towards the bottom of the working vessel 16 , At this is a manifold 37 with the nozzles 29 arranged. At least one nozzle 29 is ever Galvanisiermagazin 2 placed so that the out of the nozzle openings 30 effluent treatment liquid 31 the channel above 7 and optionally the paddle (s) 25 of the galvanizing magazine 2 meets. The manifold 37 is by means of a pump with treatment liquid 31 fed. This supply symbolically shows the inlet arrow 38 , The treatment liquid 31 gets in circulation through the plating magazines 2 and through the work container 16 pumped. The level 39 the treatment liquid 31 extends beyond the topmost goods to be treated 1 at the galvanizing magazines 2 , The goods carriers 35 be z. B. promoted by means of immersion bath to dip or in the horizontal direction through the immersion baths.

1

Well, Small part, cutting link

2

An electroplating

3

magazine body

4

leg

5

contact area

6

cover

7

channel

8th

Anode, electrode

9

plating range

10

bath current

11

Galvanisierelektrolyt

12

current arrow

13

electrical ladder

14

slot

15

inclination

16

working container

17

jaw

18

edition

19

pivot point

20

mainspring

21

flap

22

lever

23

linkage

24

drive lever

25

paddle

26

arrow

27

pushrod

28

Panning arrow

29

jet

30

nozzle opening

31

treatment liquid

32

outline

33

spigot

34

eyelet

35

Product carriers, Double Fixture

36

magazine head

37

manifold

38

inlet arrow

39

level

40

cam

41

depth gauge

Z

pneumatic cylinder

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• - DE 4419984 C2 [0004]
• - DE 19822196 C2 [0005]

Claims (33)

Device for wet-chemical and electrochemical precise and gentle treatment of good ( 1 ), in particular for full-area and / or partial treatment of small goods ( 1 ) in a wet plant as a dipping bath system or continuous flow plant, characterized by an elongated galvanizing magazine ( 2 ), consisting of an electrically conductive and at least on the outer surfaces with the exception of contact surfaces ( 5 ) electrically insulated tubular magazine body ( 3 ), for individually clamping and electrically contacting carrying a plurality of goods ( 1 ) and characterized by at least one elongated, electrically isolated or electrically non-conductive diaphragm, which can be displaced at least within the wet system ( 6 ) on the magazine body ( 3 ). Device according to claim 1, characterized by an electrically conductive magazine body ( 3 ) with at least two magazine legs ( 4 ), whose at least one end stands for each good ( 1 ) a resilient jaw ( 17 ) through slots ( 14 ) from the adjacent jaws ( 17 ) and each having a contact surface ( 5 ) having. Device according to claims 1 and 2, characterized by clamping jaws ( 17 ) with contact surfaces ( 5 ) on the magazine body ( 3 ) for clamping and carrying the goods ( 1 ) and for electrical power transmission from the galvanizing magazine ( 2 ) to the good ( 1 ). Device according to claims 1 to 3, characterized by clamping jaws ( 17 ) with a profile and / or with stops, by which even with external force on the clamped Good ( 1 ) shifting and / or twisting the same is not possible. Device according to one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized by slots ( 14 ) on the thigh ( 4 ) for the formation of independently resilient jaws ( 17 ) for the estate ( 1 ). Device according to one of the claims 1 to 5, characterized by at least one displaceable diaphragm ( 6 ), which can be opened and closed by a drive inside and outside the wet system. Device according to one of the claims 1 to 6, characterized by at least one diaphragm ( 6 ), which is displaced by pivoting or shifting. Device according to one of the claims 1 to 7, characterized by at least one displaceable diaphragm ( 6 ), which is opened and held open by spring force. Device according to one of the claims 1 to 8, characterized by at least one displaceable diaphragm ( 6 ), which can take the open and closed end position stable by spring force over a dead center. Device according to one of the claims 1 to 9, characterized by at least one diaphragm ( 6 ) driven by a powered push rod ( 27 ), or by cams ( 40 ) and cam tracks, or by flown paddles ( 25 ) can be relocated. Device according to one of the claims 1 to 10, characterized by electrically insulating filling bodies on the diaphragms ( 6 ), which are the interstices of neighboring goods ( 1 ) fill out. Device according to one of the claims 1 to 11, characterized by an elastic, electrically insulating material on the displaceable panels ( 6 ), which when closing it to the estate ( 1 ) can be applied. Device according to one of the claims 1 to 12, characterized by a cross-section of the electrically conductive magazine body ( 3 ), which is sufficiently large for the leading to electroplating and the required mechanical stability. Device according to one of the claims 1 to 13, characterized by a tubular channel ( 7 ) in the galvanizing magazine ( 2 ) as a flow path for accelerated fluid exchange at Gut ( 1 ). Device according to one of the claims 1 to 14, characterized by an inclined position ( 15 ) of goods ( 1 ) on the galvanizing magazine ( 2 ) for accelerated fluid exchange by the in the galvanizing ( 2 ) ( 7 ). Device according to one of the claims 1 to 15, characterized by an electrically insulating protective layer on the surfaces of the magazine body ( 3 ). Device according to one of the claims 1 to 16, characterized by at least one displaceable diaphragm ( 6 ) with openings at the locations in the panels ( 6 ), which in the closed state the partial Galvanisierbereichen the goods ( 1 ). Device according to one of the claims 1 to 17, characterized by a goods carrier ( 35 ) or dual carrier for carrying the galvanizing magazines ( 2 ), wherein the one or more goods carrier electrically conductive with the magazine body ( 3 ) are connected. Device according to one of the claims 1 to 18, characterized by an elongated electroplating magazine ( 2 ) for receiving many goods ( 1 ), wherein the cross section of the magazine body ( 3 ) to the size and shape of the goods ( 1 ) and the required cross section of the canal ( 7 ) are adapted for fluid exchange. Device according to one of the claims 1 to 19, characterized by cyclic drives or vibrators for moving at least one electrode ( 8th ) and / or the galvanizing magazines ( 2 ). Device according to one of the claims 1 to 20, characterized by at least one bath current source ( 10 ) as DC power source, unipolar pulse power source, bipolar pulse power source or power source for technical AC power. Device according to one of the claims 1 to 21, characterized by at least one suction device for Extraction of the electrochemical treatment Gases. Device according to one of the claims 1 to 22, characterized by the use of a galvanizing electrolyte ( 17 ) for depositing a single metal, an alloy or a composite layer with dispersed solid particles on the material ( 1 ). Process for the wet-chemical and electrochemical precise and gentle treatment of good ( 1 ), in particular for full-area and / or partial treatment of small goods ( 1 ) in a wet plant as an immersion bath or continuous flow system using the device according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one electrically shielding, displaceable diaphragm ( 6 ) on the galvanizing magazine ( 2 ) depending on the sequential process sequence of the wet plant each of the surface areas of the goods ( 1 ) towards the active electrode ( 8th ) which are to be treated wet-chemically or electrochemically. A method according to claim 24, characterized in that on a galvanizing magazine ( 2 stocked good ( 1 ) without relocating in the wet plant by means of the displaceable panel (s) ( 6 ) pretreated over the entire surface, post-treated and dried and partially galvanized. Method according to claims 24 and 25, characterized in that the diaphragm (s) ( 6 ) by spring force, cam control, paddle or a push rod ( 27 ) is or will be shifted pivotally or displaceably. A method according to claims 24 to 26, characterized in that the loading and unloading of the opened Galvanisiermagazins 2 automatically by means of a handling device. Method according to one of the claims 24 to 27, characterized in that by means of unprofiled or profiled, resilient clamping jaws ( 17 ) and contact surfaces ( 5 ) the good ( 1 ) on the galvanizing magazine 2 held and the electric current from the magazine body ( 3 ) to the good ( 1 ) is transmitted. Method according to one of the claims 24 to 28, characterized in that the treatment liquid ( 31 ) and the galvanizing electrolyte ( 11 ) through the channel ( 7 ) and / or by inclination ( 15 ) of the goods ( 1 ) from the galvanizing magazine ( 2 ) flows out of the dipping bath when digging. Method according to one of the claims 24 to 29, characterized in that the electrodes ( 8th ) and / or the galvanizing magazine ( 2 ) are moved cyclically or vibrationally in any direction for mass transfer and / or gas separation from the surfaces. Method according to one of the claims 24 to 30, characterized in that the electrolytic cells with at least one Badstrom source ( 10 ) be operated as a DC power source, unipolar pulse power source, bipolar pulse power source or with technical alternating current. Method according to one of the claims 24 to 31 , characterized in that by electrically insulating filler at the diaphragm ( 6 ), which are the interstices of neighboring goods ( 1 ) and / or elastic, electrically insulating materials on the displaceable panels ( 6 ) in scattering electroplating electrolytes ( 11 ) an undesirable metallization of predetermined surface areas of the goods ( 1 ) is avoided. Method according to one of the claims 24 to 32, characterized in that the material ( 1 ) by means of a galvanizing electrolyte ( 11 ) is metallized to deposit a single metal, alloy or composite layer having dispersed particulates.