DE102008049814A1 - Rotary connection, for example, for a wind turbine and wind turbine with the rotary joint - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a rotary joint with an inner ring, which is rotatably connected to a first rotary partner and / or connectable, with an outer ring which is also rotatably connected to the first rotary partner and / or connectable, and with an intermediate ring, which with a second rotary partner rotatably connected and / or connectable, wherein the inner ring and the outer ring are mounted in each case via at least one row of rolling elements relatively rotatable to the intermediate ring, and wherein each Wälzkörperreihe can transmit axial forces in only one axial direction and radial forces.

Description

Field of the invention

The The invention relates to a rotary joint with an inner ring, which rotatably connected and / or connectable with a first rotating partner is, with an outer ring, which also with the first Drehpartner rotatably connected and / or connectable, and with an intermediate ring, which rotates with a second partner rotation connected and / or connectable, wherein the inner ring and the outer ring each over at least one row of rolling elements are mounted relatively rotatable to the intermediate ring, and wherein the at least one row of rolling axial forces transmitted in only one axial direction and radial forces can. The invention further relates to a wind energy plant with the rotary joint.

Background of the invention

The Storage of high forces and moments requires rolling bearings high load capacity, which in conventional designs of rolling bearings only by a very large diameter are reachable. Manufacturing technology, however, is a challenge to produce ever larger rolling bearings, there dimensional limitations or in terms of manufacturing equipment. That's the way it is For example, difficult rings of a rolling bearing from one through-harden certain size, since such Hardening systems are often not available.

The publication DE 100 114 64 C1 , which probably forms the closest prior art, relates to the storage of an adjustable rotor blade of a wind turbine, wherein a rolling bearing is proposed, which is designed or arranged for the pivotable mounting of the rotor blade on a rotor hub. The rolling bearing has two radially offset rows of rolling elements, which run in a total of three bearing rings with grooves that receive the Wälzkörperreihen positive fit. The advantage of the bearing assembly is seen in the fact that the center ring receives this dreiringigen bearing when bending moments and axial forces of the innermost and outermost ring compressive forces in more or less mutually perpendicular directions and thus automatically symmetrized, the pressure forces in each case in the central region of the bearing grooves Remain quadrants. On the other hand, the forces from the rotor blade are simultaneously introduced into the innermost and the outermost bearing ring, so that a more uniform loading of the bearing and the rotor blade root is achieved.

Object of the invention

Of the Invention is based on the object, a rotary joint, for In game for a wind turbine, as well as a wind turbine to propose with the rotary joint, which uses advantages over the prior art has or have.

Summary of the invention

These The object is achieved by a rotary joint with the features of the claim 1 and by a wind turbine with the features of the claim 15 solved. Preferred or advantageous embodiments The invention will become apparent from the dependent claims, the following description and the accompanying figures.

It is a rotary joint, preferably designed for the use in a wind turbine, which proposed a Comprises a plurality, in particular three, four or more bearing rings, which are arranged coaxially and / or concentrically with each other. In order to shows the rotary joint at least a double track system, wherein the pitch circles of the raceway systems coaxial and / or concentric with each other are formed with different diameters. Is preferred the rotary joint is designed as a slewing bearing, which has an outer diameter and / or free inner diameter of at least 1,000 mm, preferably at least 2,000 mm and in particular at least 4,000 mm.

The Rotary connection has an inner ring which rotatably with a first turning partner - also as first connection construction to name - rotationally fixed or pivotal about the axis of rotation the rotary connection is connected and / or connectable. In addition is an outer ring provided which with the same rotation partner rotatably connected and / or connectable, so that inner ring and Outer ring together about the common axis of rotation of the rotary joint rotate or pivot. Between the inner ring and the outer ring an intermediate ring is arranged, which with a second turning partner - too to be named as a second connection structure - non-rotatable or pivotally connected and / or connectable. Optional includes the rotary joint the first and the second partner rotation. Inner ring, Outer ring and intermediate ring are below also below the generic term bearing ring taken.

The rotary joint has between inner ring and intermediate ring or between intermediate ring and outer ring at least one row of rolling bodies, which rotate around the axis of rotation of the rotary joint and are arranged such that the Zwi can be rotated about the rolling element rows relative to the outer ring and the inner ring and rolls over the rows of rolling elements on the inner ring and the outer ring.

The Designations inner ring and outer ring or intermediate ring referred to in a first embodiment of the invention the absolute position of the bearing rings, so that exactly three bearing rings are provided. In a further embodiment of the invention these terms only denote the relative position to each other, as set forth below in preferred embodiments becomes.

According to the invention Although the rows of rolling elements each have radial forces can accommodate at least one row of rolling elements However, it should absorb axial forces in only one axial direction can. This results in a much better kinematics than in conventional solutions, eg. B. four-point bearings, in which rolling element rows axial forces can record in both axial directions. The improvement The kinematics is therefore in particular when, according to a Embodiment of the invention, each row of rolling elements Transmitted axial forces in each case only one axial direction and radial forces can.

in the Under the invention, it is proposed that the inner ring over an inner pair of Wälzkörperkörper, and / or that the outer ring over an outer Wälzkörperreihenpaar relative to the intermediate ring is rotatably arranged. Between the inner ring and the intermediate ring are thus two independent rows of rolling elements, So a double row Wälzkörperreihenpaar arranged. Alternatively or additionally, between the outer ring and the intermediate ring two independent Wälzkörperreihen, So a double row Wälzkörperreihenpaar arranged. Remarkable in the inventive solution is that the intermediate ring by a radial, at least one-sided storage over a Wälzkörperreihenpaar even at high loads is guided almost tilt-free. This construction allows slewing rings with relatively high load capacity to realize at the same time reduced diameter.

at a preferred embodiment of the invention is provided that through all rows of rolling elements together axial forces can be transmitted in both axial directions. It is possible that through the rows of rolling elements between outer ring and intermediate ring and / or through the Rolling element rows between inner ring and intermediate ring axial forces can be transmitted in both axial directions. It is also conceivable that through the rows of rolling elements between outer ring and intermediate ring axial forces in an axial direction and through the rows of rolling elements between inner ring and intermediate ring axial forces in one other axial direction can be transmitted.

at a preferred embodiment of the invention is provided that one or each row of rolling elements of the inner and / or the outer rolling element row pair is designed as an angular ball and / or stored. It is preferred that each rolling element the trained as angular contact ball rolling element row exactly two rolling contact points or areas, in particular Pressure ellipses, to the corresponding raceways of the bearing rings having. It is in this preferred embodiment advantageous that the sliding portion in a rotation of the first Drehpartners is very low relative to the second partner rotation or that the rolling elements roll off with little friction. In a further preferred embodiment of the invention is provided that one or each row of rolling elements of inner and / or outer Wälzkörperreihenpaars is designed as a tapered roller row.

at A preferred embodiment of the invention are the printing lines the rolling elements of the inner and / or outer Intersecting rows of rolling elements and / or together aligned in X-arrangement. Preferably, the printing lines are arranged so that the point of intersection of the pressure lines of the inner row of rolling elements radially outside to the pitch of one or both Wälzkörperreihen of inner Wälzkörperreihenpaars and / or the crossing points the pressure lines of the outer Wälzkörperreihenpaars radially inward to the or the pitch circles of one or both Rolling element rows of the outer Wälzkörperreihenpaars are arranged. optional is one of Wälzkörperreihenpaar backlash up small preload and the other Wälzkörperreihenpaar formed with a preferably small game.

It is in principle possible that the pressure lines of each Wälzkörperreihenpaars aligned symmetrically to each other are, so in a 90 ° angle to each other and each at a 45 ° angle to a radial plane to cross the axis of rotation of the rotary joint. However, it is preferable that the printing lines are asymmetrical, so that these can be designed specifically load-appropriate. Prefers are contact angles between 30 ° and 75 °.

In a further development of the invention, the rotary joint has at least one further bearing ring, which is non-rotatably connected to the first or the second rotary partner and rotates together with the inner ring or the intermediate ring. It is particularly appropriate to add another, ra dial outside or inside bearing ring, which is rotatably connected to the intermediate ring and a rolling element row and / or rolling a row of rolling elements on the outer ring or inner ring.

It is also within the scope of the invention that between inner ring and Intermediate ring and / or between outer ring and intermediate ring further rows of rolling elements are provided, which coaxial and / or concentric with the respective Wälzkörperreihenpaar is arranged or are.

at a preferred embodiment of the invention is at least one of the bearing rings, in particular the inner ring, the outer ring or the intermediate ring, made of tempered steel and / or is surface hardened.

at a preferred embodiment of the invention are the Connection faces of the bearing rings of a turning partner plane-parallel educated.

The Rolling elements of the rows of rolling elements and / or the Wälzkörperreihenpaare are preferred as balls formed in particular of bearing steel and are through hardened. Alternatively, other rolling elements, in particular cylindrical rollers or barrel rollers are used.

at a preferred embodiment of the invention, the inner ring and the outer ring and optionally supplementary other, rotatably connected bearing rings on an axial side end face, which lie in a common plane and / or plane-parallel to one another are arranged. In this training, the first partner must be as Connecting construction only provide a plane surface, with the optional advantage that gradations and the like be avoided in the connection contour.

at a possible embodiment has at least one of the bearing rings, preferably the inner or outer ring, in the direction of rotation at least one interruption or division. This interruption allows a change in the bearing preload still in the installed state. Here is the interruption as a Expansion joint formed whose width adjustable in the direction of rotation is realized.

at A preferred application of the invention is the rotary joint designed for a wind turbine and in particular for the storage of parts, which only extremely small Speeds are exposed over short time intervals. The wind turbine comprises a housing, a rotor hub, which is rotatably mounted on the housing, and at least a rotor blade, wherein the rotor blade arranged on the rotor hub is. Preferably, the rotary joint is as storage of at least one rotor blade and / or the housing of the wind turbine. Due to the special construction of the invention Rotary connection can this particular larger Wind turbines, that is, with larger outputs as 2 MW, especially greater than 5 MW, advantageous be used.

Around to allow the connection of a drive element to the rotary joint, it is preferred that the inner ring and / or the radially innermost ring and / or the outer ring and / or the radially outermost Bearing ring or another bearing ring a toothing, preferably has a radially encircling, frontal toothing.

at a possible development of the invention is the intermediate ring and / or arranged between two other bearing rings bearing ring in longitudinal section in the region of or the Wälzkörperreihenpaares or pairs widened trained. In particular, overlaps the intermediate ring and / or the intermediate ring in axial projection with the neighboring rings.

at a possible development of the invention, the intermediate ring and / or arranged between two other bearing rings bearing ring in Longitudinal section of a T-shaped shape, wherein the raceways for the rolling elements of the adjacent rows of rolling elements in a T-shape widened area are arranged.

to Attachment of the bearing rings to the rotating partners has at least one of the bearing rings bores for receiving screws or bolts. These can be blind holes, through holes, tapped holes or something similar. To a particularly stable connection between bearing ring and turning partner is to enable it is possible if at least one of the bearing rings, preferred the intermediate ring, has two rows arranged holes and / or Holes with different pitch diameters shows.

optional can the rotary joint for guiding the rolling elements one or more cages or cage segments, z. B. steel, brass, light metal or plastic. In possible embodiments, the rotary joint shows one-sided or on both sides a seal for sealing the Wälzkörperraums.

Another object of the invention relates to a wind turbine with the features of claim 19, which has a rotatable housing, a rotor hub which is rotatably mounted on the housing, and at least one rotor blade which is rotatably mounted on the rotor hub has. The wind turbine is characterized by the fact that the storage of at least one rotor blade and / or the housing is formed as a rotary joint, as described above or according to one of the preceding claims.

Brief description of the drawings

Further Features, advantages and effects of the invention will become apparent the following description of a preferred embodiment the invention. Showing:

1 a schematic longitudinal section through a rotary joint as a first embodiment of the invention;

2 a schematic longitudinal section through a rotary joint as a second embodiment of the invention;

3 a schematic sectional view of a wind turbine as a further embodiment of the invention.

Detailed description the drawing

The 1 shows a schematic longitudinal section of a section of a rotary joint 1 which is an inner ring 2 , an intermediate ring 3 and an outer ring 4 which are arranged coaxially and / or concentrically with each other. The rotary joint 1 is designed as a slewing bearing with a diameter of more than 1,000 mm, for example more than 2,000 mm and in borderline cases larger than 4,000 mm. The rotary joint 1 is realized for low speeds with short operating times. The bearing rings, so the inner ring 2 , the intermediate ring 3 and the outer ring 4 , are made of tempered steel and have surface hardened raceways.

The intermediate ring 3 is reversed T-shaped in the longitudinal section shown, wherein the free ends of the horizontal leg of the "T" of the inner ring 2 or the outer ring 4 are at least partially enclosed in radia ler direction. For mutual storage, the rotary joint 1 an inner row of rolling elements 5 and an outer pair of rolling elements 6 on. The inner row of rolling elements 5 includes two inner rows of rolling bearings 7a and 7b which are arranged in axial plan view aligned with each other or at least overlapping. The inner rolling bearing rows 7a , b roll on the intermediate ring 3 on raceways 8a respectively. 8b and on the inner ring 2 on raceways 9a respectively. 9b from.

The rolling elements 10 the rolling element row pairs 5 and 6 are balls, in this example hardened balls made of bearing steel, the raceways 8a , b, or 9a , b, are formed so that each individual ball of the inner Wälzkörperreihenpaars 5 with exactly two contact points on the raceways 9a , b, 8a , b contacted. The rolling elements 10 of the inner rolling element row pair 5 are thus performed in the context of an angular contact ball bearing in O arrangement. To clarify the shows 1 pressure lines 11a . 11b the two angular contact ball bearings, wherein the pressure lines in a region radially outside to the pitch circle of the rolling body row 7a respectively. 7b to meet.

The rolling element series pair 6 also has two rows of rolling elements 12a respectively. 12b on, which in an analogous manner as in the Wälzkörperreihenpaar 5 are arranged and thus also in angular contact ball bearing arrangement, here in X-arrangement, are realized. Their pressure lines 13a and 13b on the other hand meet in an area which radially inward to the pitch circles of Wälzkörperreihen 12a respectively. 12b lies.

The pressure angles of the printing lines 11a , b or 13a , b can be compared to a radial plane 14 which is perpendicular to the axis of rotation 15 the rotary joint 1 is arranged to be symmetrical and / or 45 °. In modified embodiments, the pressure angle, however, adapted to the load and can be between 30 ° to 75 °.

Optionally, the rotary joint 1 a cage or cage segments (not shown), which are formed for example of steel, brass, light metal or plastic. Also optional are the bearing rings 2 . 3 . 4 be sealed to each other on one or both sides with seals.

In a preferred realization of the embodiment, at least one pair of rolling element rows arranged approximately at the same height in the axial direction has 7a and 12a respectively. 7b and 12b a backlash to a small bias, the other pair can also have a minimal game.

As connection geometry of the rotary joint 1 for a turning partner are the inner ring 2 and outer ring 4 formed such that their axial end faces coplanar in a common radial plane 16 lie, so that the connection structure of the spin partner must be formed on this page only as a flat surface. For attachment show the bearing rings, ie inner ring 2 , Intermediate ring 3 and outer ring 4 each passage openings 17 , which allow the inclusion of bolts or screws or other fasteners. It is optionally also possible that in one of the bearing rings, in particular in the intermediate ring 3 , the passageways 17 arranged in two rows with different pitch circles. The inner ring 2 carries a radially inwardly directed toothing 19 , Alternatively, the teeth can also be on one of the other rings, ie outer ring or inner ring.

The advantage of the shown rotary joint 1 lies above all in the high load capacity compared to a conventional double-row angular contact ball bearings, a favorable load transfer and stress between the rolling elements 10 and the tracks 9a , b, etc. The rotary joint 1 shows only a very small clearance, with at the same time almost no Ringverkippung the intermediate ring 3 is possible. The use of through holes 17 at the inner ring 2 and the outer ring 4 leads to a very favorable screw stress, especially in comparison with a conventional Zweiringdrehverbindung.

The 2 shows a schematic longitudinal section of a section of a rotary joint 1 which is an inner ring 2 , an intermediate ring 3 and an outer ring 4 which are arranged coaxially and / or concentrically with each other. With regard to the same reference numerals, reference is made to the description of 1 directed. In contrast to 1 have the rows of rolling elements 12b and 7b a higher pressure angle than the rows of rolling elements 12a and 7a , The rows of rolling elements 12b and 7b can thus absorb higher axial forces. The rolling elements 10 the rows of rolling elements 12b . 7b . 12a . 7a can each move independently in the circumferential direction freely. The balls of each row of rolling elements 12b . 7b . 12a . 7a are kept separate with a cage or with cage segments at a distance. The rows of rolling elements of a ring can be biased against each other. The contact angle of the rows of rolling elements 12a and 7a is z. B. 45 °, during the pressure angle of Wälzkörperreihen 12b and 7b between 60 ° and 90 °. The Rings 2 . 3 . 4 may consist of tempered steel and have surface hardened raceways. The rolling elements can be made of bearing steel and be through hardened. The internal toothing 18 can be designed with or without hardening and with or without profile shifting.

The 3 shows in a very schematic representation of a wind turbine 19 to a possible application of the rotary joint 1 to illustrate from one of the preceding figures. The wind turbine 19 has a tower 20 on, on or on which a housing 21 is arranged. In the rotatable housing 21 is a rotor hub 22 stored, on the rotatable rotor blades 23 are attached. In operation of the wind turbine 19 can both the pivoting movement of the housing 21 as well as the pivoting movement of the rotor blades 23 by means of a rotary joint according to the invention, for. B. according to 1 , be accomplished.

1

More Ring Rolling

2

inner ring

3

intermediate ring

4

outer ring

5

inner Wälzkörperreihenpaar

6

outer Wälzkörperreihenpaar

7a

inner roller bearing rows

8a, b

raceways

9a b

raceways

10

rolling elements

11a, b

pressure lines

12a, b

rows of rolling elements

13a, b

pressure lines

14 16

radial plane

15

axis of rotation

16 14

radial plane

17

Through openings

18

gearing

19

Wind turbine

20

tower

21

casing

22

rotor hub

23

rotor blades

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• - DE 10011464 C1 [0003]

Claims (15)

Rotary joint ( 1 ) with an inner ring ( 2 ), which is rotatably connected and / or connectable with a first rotary partner, with an outer ring ( 4 ), which is also rotatably connected to the first rotary partner and / or connectable, and with an intermediate ring ( 3 ), which is rotatably connected and / or connectable with a second rotary partner, wherein the inner ring ( 2 ) and the outer ring ( 4 ) in each case via at least one row of rolling elements relatively rotatable to the intermediate ring ( 3 ), and wherein the at least one row of rolling elements can transmit axial forces in only one axial direction and radial forces. Rotary joint ( 1 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner ring ( 2 ) via an inner row of rolling elements ( 5 ) and / or that the outer ring ( 4 ) via an outer row of rolling elements ( 6 ) relative to the intermediate ring ( 3 ) is rotatably arranged. Rotary joint ( 1 ) according to claim 2, characterized in that each rolling element row axial forces in each case only one axial direction and radial forces can be transmitted. Rotary joint ( 1 ) according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that axial forces can be transmitted in both axial directions by all Wälzkörperreihen together. Rotary joint ( 1 ) according to any one of claims 2-4, characterized in that the pressure lines ( 11a , b, 13a , b) of the inner and / or outer rolling element row pair ( 5 . 6 ) are aligned, if appropriate, each crossing. Rotary joint ( 1 ) according to any one of claims 2-5, characterized in that one or each row of rolling elements of the inner and / or outer Wälzkörperreihenpaars ( 5 . 6 ) is formed as an angular ball row and / or each rolling element ( 10 ) of Wälzkörperreihe exactly two Wälzkontaktpunkte or areas to runways ( 8a , b, 9a , b) has the bearing rings. Rotary joint ( 1 ) according to any one of claims 2-5, characterized in that one or each row of rolling elements of the inner and / or outer Wälzkörperreihenpaars ( 5 . 6 ) is designed as a tapered roller row. Rotary joint ( 1 ) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by further bearing rings, which are non-rotatably connected to the first or the second rotary partner and together with the inner ring ( 2 ) or outer ring ( 4 ) or the intermediate ring ( 3 rotate). Rotary joint ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one bearing ring, in particular the inner ring ( 2 ), Outer ring ( 4 ) or intermediate ring ( 3 ) consists of tempered steel and / or surface hardened. Rotary joint ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the bearing rings, in particular the inner or outer ring, in the circumferential direction has at least one interruption or division. Rotary joint ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, designed as a rotary joint, preferably for a wind energy plant ( 19 ), which a housing ( 21 ), a rotor hub ( 22 ), which on the housing ( 21 ) is rotatably mounted, and at least one rotor blade ( 23 ), which at the rotor hub ( 22 ), characterized as storage of at least one rotor blade ( 23 ) and / or the housing ( 21 ) of the wind turbine. Rotary joint ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inner ring ( 2 ) and / or the radially innermost bearing ring and / or the outer ring ( 3 ) and / or the radially outermost bearing ring and / or the intermediate ring a toothing ( 18 ) having. Rotary joint ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the intermediate ring ( 3 ) and / or arranged between two other bearing rings bearing ring in longitudinal section has a T-shaped configuration, wherein the raceways for the rolling elements ( 10 ) of the adjacent Wälzkörperreihen are arranged in the T-shaped widened area. Rotary joint ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in at least one of the bearing rings bores ( 17 ) are provided for receiving screws or bolts. Wind energy plant ( 19 ), which has a rotatable housing ( 21 ), a rotor hub ( 22 ), which on the housing ( 12 ) is rotatably mounted, and at least one rotor blade ( 23 ), which at the rotor hub ( 22 ) is rotatably mounted, characterized in that the storage of at least one rotor blade ( 23 ) and / or the housing ( 21 ) is formed as a rotary joint according to one of the preceding claims.