DE102008047201A1 - Synthesis gas producing method for internal combustion engine in e.g. public area, involves cleaning synthesis gas from tar- and dust particles, and compressing cleaned synthesis gas in compressor for synthesis gas injection into engine - Google Patents

Abstract

The method involves feeding hot product gases over a heat exchanger in a pyrolysis reactor (2), and feeding back parts of product gases for heating a carburetor by warming partial streams in a tear gas pre-heater in a main stream of the hot product gasses. Pyrolysis- and product gasses are cleaned and cooled. Synthesis gas for operating an internal combustion engine is completely cleaned from tar- and dust particles by a tar-electric filter according to engine specification. The cleaned synthesis gas is compressed in a synthesis gas compressor (22) for synthesis gas injection into the engine. An independent claim is also included for a device for executing a method for producing synthesis gas for an internal combustion engine.

Description

The The invention relates to a process for the production of synthesis gas for an internal combustion engine and for its operation, in particular for the decentralized generation of electricity and heat.

According to the DE 42 38 934 C2 For example, there is known a process for gasifying such raw and waste materials in which the unsorted materials are gasified by a combination of thermal pretreatment, comminution and entrained flow gasification to produce a CO and H ₂ -rich gas. An embrittled, ground intermediate product is produced, which is subjected to entrained flow gasification as a fine material. This gas is used to operate gas engines and gas turbines or as synthesis gas.

According to the DE 10 2004 055-407 A1 Also, a method for operating a gas engine with a synthesis of organic fuel, in particular biomass, synthesis gas is known, which is used for decentralized energy supply (CHP plants). In this case, an autothermal gasification is carried out using a fixed-bed gasification device. The supply of the synthesis gas generated in the engine combustion chamber takes place together with the intake combustion air after mixing.

at These gasification plants is for a technically flawless Operation requires a defined, non-changing fuel. You can not directly variable with changing, insofar operated heterogeneous organic fuels. In addition, must be prevented by special measures Tar deposits in the combustion chamber of the gas engine form.

to To remedy these disadvantages, the present invention aims at Creation of a process for the recovery of any conceivable Biomass or treated organic waste as material for producing a fuel gas for the operation of gas engines, wherein Such materials so far in pure gasification gasification were not accessible. The gas engines should according to a Another task in efficient, decentralized power generation plants from a power of 500 kWel, or with simultaneous heat extraction be operable.

It is to continue training the tasks also for special gas engines their operation with the fuel gas produced by gasification and with oils obtained during its production, condensates and tars are possible.

objective is to realize a process for decentralized power generation, in which the internal combustion engine with pyrolysis gas, pyrolysis oil, Tar, product gas, synthesis gas or a mixture of these constituents can be operated. Here comes a technique for production of high quality syngas from solid and / or liquid organic fuels, in particular biomass of any kind, for Commitment.

According to the invention the object mentioned by the method for production a synthesis gas from a produced in a pyrolysis reactor Pyrolysis gas and a product gas produced by gasification according to claim 1 solved.

The inventive method for operating a Internal combustion engine is characterized in that the fuel, z. B. mixed organic waste, also sorted out and separate household waste, but preferably any biomass Species to pork, beef and chicken manure, prepared and supplied in the first stage of a pyrolysis plant becomes.

Of the pyrolysis coke produced in the pyrolysis becomes a product gas gassed.

There pyrolysis is an exothermic process, the pyrolysis reactor the required thermal energy in the form of heat in the first stage (<300 ° C-450 ° C) by the engine exhaust of the driven internal combustion engine and in the second stage directly or indirectly by the hot Product gas from the carburetor or fed to a direct firing. The introduction of thermal energy can be supportive or alone, also via a direct entry of the hot, carried out of the carburetor bed pocket and the bedding material. The pyrolysis temperature is i. d. R. between 400 ° C and 650 ° C.

The generated pyrolysis gas (calorific value> 15 MJ / Nm ³ ) is then cleaned in a hot gas cyclone of entrained dust particles.

From the pyrolysis coke, preferably in a stationary fluidized bed gasifier, a low-calorific product gas (calorific value <10 MJ / Nm ³ ) is generated and then likewise cleaned in a hot gas cyclone. Gasification is an endothermic process. Here, the energy required to maintain the process is taken from the generated product gas line. Instead of the supplied, also required, air, either technical oxygen and / or steam can be used.

pyrolysis and product gas after each cleaning and cooling mixed to synthesis gas. In a gas scrubber is the Cleaning of tars and other dust particles. The approx. 300 ° C hot syngas cooled down to about 40 °. The washing liquid is preferably vegetable oil used. When the wash oil is saturated, it will purified it in a centrifuge and preferably, but not exclusively, together with the pyrolysis oil, condensate and tar from the Elaborated electrostatic precipitator in a homogenizer. It will be shortened long-chain molecules with a special physical procedure. This has the consequence that the wash oil with the pyrolysis oil and / or the pyrolysis condensate mixed homogeneously and as a pilot oil can be used in the internal combustion engine.

After this the gas has been so purified, it also goes through it an electrostatic tar filter, in the last remaining impurities be removed. In this way freed of tar and dust particles, the synthesis gas is highly compressed (> 200 bar) an internal combustion engine supplied, wherein the compressed gas via a separate injector is injected directly into the combustion chamber. The combustion air is via a separate channel in the Engine introduced.

When Combustion engine are preferably slow-running two-stroke Zündstrahlmotoren However, the use of other engine types is also used possible.

Preferably, technical oxygen or water vapor (H ₂ O) can be injected into the gasification stage. By the oxygen injection in the gasification stage, the N ₂ content in the synthesis gas is greatly reduced. The calorific value Hu rises to more than 8.0 MJ / Nm ³ synthesis gas. Main constituents are CO, H ₂ , CO ₂ , CH ₄ and in small quantities other gases. This reduces the amount of synthesis gas produced, so that the following devices for cooling, cleaning, compression and storage can be dimensioned smaller.

Also optional, CO ₂ , H ₂ and CO may be washed out and otherwise used in normal operation, e.g. B. for liquefaction. The reduction results in advantages in terms of the dimensions of the components to be designed. So they can be made smaller due to the smaller volume.

The advantages of the invention

• a) In pure gasification plants is for a technically flawless operation a defined, non-changing Fuel required. The pyrolysis plant can be variable with alternating, heterogeneous organic fuels are operated. Are produced in different proportions mainly Pyrolysis gas, pyrolysis coke, pyrolysis oil and tar. The pyrolysis coke is gasified in a second step in a gasifier.
• b) Use of any conceivable biomass or treated organic waste as fuel in efficient, decentralized power generation plants with an output of 500 kW _el , even with heat extraction
• c) disposal of problematic substances such. B. chicken manure or similar and extensive sustainable avoidance of environmental pollution.
• d) Environmentally friendly solution for disposal problems and reduction of disposal costs, as residuals mineral are and max. 2-3% of the fuel used.
• e) Production of high-quality synthesis gas, composed of pyrolysis and product gas with a calorific value> 10 kJ / Nm ³ . In particular, when using technical oxygen instead of air in the gasification stage, the N ₂ content is considerably reduced. This results in a reduction in the amount of syngas to be cooled, cleaned, compressed and, optionally, stored and an increase in the system efficiency.
• f) Due to the complex gas purification and in particular Bypassing of turbocharger and intercooler, deposits of dust and condensation of tars almost completely avoided.
• g) Use of pyrolysis oil, condensate and tar as Ignition oil for the synthesis gas. Therefore too no disposal costs.

embodiment

The procedure and the main plant components are in 1 . 2 and 3 illustrated the drawings.

1 shows

• Fuel dryer ( 1 )

The fuel shredded to the desired particle size after delivery in a shredder is placed in a dryer ( 1 ) dried to the required water content for each fuel. The thermal energy for the drying process is derived from the engine's low temperature cooling system (<90 ° C) and other system waste heat. The dryer can be designed in various designs, but preferably a belt dryer is used.

Out The dryer is fuel by means of screw conveyor or conveyor belt in a fuel storage tank promoted for the pyrolysis reactor.

The Preparation of the input fuel is therefore important because of this the gas quality and the cold gas efficiency significantly being affected.

• Pyrolysis reactor ( 2 )

The pyrolysis is preferably carried out in a two-stage rotary tube pyrolysis reactor ( 2 ).

The Pyrolysis plant can with changing fuels (all conceivable organic carbonaceous materials, e.g. Organic waste) be operated and requires thermal energy from the outside (exothermic Method). Are produced in different proportions mainly Pyrolysis coke, pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis gas.

In the first stage, the thermal energy is supplied in the form of heat via the engine exhaust. In the second stage, preferably the product gas (about 950 ° C.) from the gasification is used directly or via heat exchangers to further increase the pyrolysis temperature. A direct firing or the entry of thermal energy in the form of hot bed ash and bed material from the carburetor is possible. For this purpose, a warehouse ( 37 ) provided with entry device. The pyrolysis temperature is between 400 ° C and 650 ° C. In the incoming decomposition process in each case a product in solid (pyrolysis), liquid (condensate, pyrolysis) and gaseous (pyrolysis) aggregate state in different quantities.

2.1. pyrolysis coke

The pyrolysis coke, which consists essentially of pure carbon, is preferably removed from the pyrolysis reactor into a feed tank ( 7 ) for the fluidized bed gasifier ( 8th ). Another form of storage is also possible.

2.2. pyrolysis

The pyrolysis oil is collected and added to the ignition oil for the engine and / or directly into the gasifier ( 8th ) brought in.

2.3. pyrolysis

The pyrolysis gas is after a rough cleaning in a hot gas cyclone ( 3 ) in a gas cooler ( 4 ) cooled to the required temperature. With a booster blower ( 5 ), the pyrolysis gas is combined with the product gas in a common line. Optionally, a separate gas scrubber ( 51 ) are used.

• Hot gas cyclone pyrolysis gas stream ( 3 )

In the hot gas cyclone in the gas stream entrained dust particles with a particle size> 0.1 mm discharged. As a result, inter alia, the abrasive effect is reduced in the gas stream and prevents the premature clogging of the heat exchanger.

• Gas cooler ( 4 )

In the heat exchanger, the pyrolysis gas is cooled from about 580 ° C to about 300 ° C. The thereby decoupled thermal energy is used to generate steam, which in turn a steam turbine ( 56 ) for power generation drives.

• Booster blower ( 5 )

The Booster blower is used to compensate for Pressure loss in the gas line and the apparatus. Furthermore can the Pyrolysegasstrang when merging with the Product gas train to be regulated more precisely.

• Fuel template carburettor ( 6 )

In this container, the discharged from the pyrolysis pyrolysis (PK) is collected and stored. The PK is homogeneous and consists of almost 100% carbon. This makes it an excellent fuel for the gasification reactor ( 10 ).

• Storage container for bedding material ( 7 )

In This container is the material for training a fluidized bed stored. The bedding is i. d. R. dolomite or a similar limestone. By change If necessary, the composition of the bed material becomes catalytic Effects achieved in the gasification process.

• Atmospheric carburetor ( 8th )

For gasification here is an atmospheric gasifier, preferably a stationary fluidized bed gasifier with stepped air supply, which provides optimal conditions for the expected gas / solid reactions due to the intensive mixing, is set. The gasification takes place autothermally with air at a temperature of at least 900 ° C, to reach and maintain part of the fuel used for gasification is burned or partially burned. The air required for fluidization and gasification is introduced by evenly distributed in the lower primary bottom and upper secondary bottom of the carburetor nozzles using a Zuluftgebläses in the gasification chamber. Optionally, here is the use of, in an oxygen generator ( 50 ), pure oxygen instead of air possible. The cross-sectional area and height of the gasification chamber are chosen so that sufficient contact and residence times of the product gas of about 5 seconds at an empty tube velocity of <1.5 m / s are achieved before the product gas leaves the gasification chamber with over 1000 ° C at the head end , In a downstream waste heat exchanger ( 15 ), the product gas is cooled to about 250 ° C. The decoupled heat is optionally used to preheat the fresh air to be used ( 12 ), optional oxygen ( 50 ), for steam generation for secondary generation ( 61 ) via a steam turbine, used as process heat or water heating for heating purposes.

To control the gasification temperature and to homogenize the product gas, a controlled partial amount I of the product gas removed after dedusting ( 10 . 13 ) and cooling in the waste heat exchanger ( 15 ) by means of a circulation blower ( 16 ) returned together with the preheated fresh air into the gasification chamber. The rest part 11 of the gas is discharged for use in the gas-diesel engine, which is used as a 30 ) is trained.

Of the Operation of the carburetor is largely free of interference due to inhomogeneous fuel, as here mainly Pyrolysis coke is used as fuel.

• Hot gas cyclone ( 9 ) - for product gas flow

To the waste heat boiler is the synthesis gas in a hot gas cyclone separator dusted. This entrained in the gas stream dust particles discharged with a particle size> 0.1 mm. This will u. a. the abrasive effect in the gas stream diminished and the premature Clogging of the heat exchanger avoided.

• Rezigas preheater ( 10 )

One Part of the product gas is recirculated, i. h., it will be back in the carburetor returned to the thermal Process to uphold. In the Rezigas preheater takes place a temperature increase on the Rezigas side or the to the carburetor recirculating subset of the product gas and a Cooling in the main gas stream.

• Air preheater ( 11 )

Here the high heat in the product gas flow is used to control the Temperature of air required for gasification increase while increasing the efficiency in the carburetor.

• Bag filter ( 12 )

This Filter is resistant to high temperatures and is used for deposition the remaining in the product gas stream fine dust particles. The secluded Fine dust is collected in a closed container and disposed of. (Fly ash)

• Gas cooler ( 13 )

In This gas cooler is the temperature of the product gas lowered about 300 ° C. At this temperature are in the Gas contained tar particles not yet condensed.

• Rezigas Blower ( 14 )

One Part of the generated product gas is used to maintain the thermal Process in the carburetor branched off from the main gas line and into the carburetor recycled. The return via the Rezigas blower.

• Product gas booster blower ( 15 )

The Booster blower is used to compensate for Pressure loss in the gas line and the apparatus. Furthermore can the Pyrolysegasstrang when merging with the Product gas train to be regulated more precisely.

• Syngas scrubber ( 16 )

The to be cleaned product gas and pyrolysis gas is a Manifold fed to the synthesis gas scrubber. The scrubber consists of a jet scrubber with a downstream relaxation tank and a Droplet. The leaching takes place via a washing liquid circuit. in the Jet gas scrubber is a negative pressure of about 5 mbar generated. If this negative pressure is sufficient for the extraction, it can to dispense with a fan.

in the Bottom of the column is submitted to vegetable oil and thus the process gas purification over realized the washing cycle. According to the self-adjusting Concentration of dusts the washing cycle is loaded and automatically circled out via the feed pump and the column sump refilled. The process can also be designed continuously. For heat dissipation a cooler is installed in the wash cycle with Cooling water 25 ° C is operated.

The cleaned process gas leaves the scrubber a temperature of about 40 ° C, the dew point below meets these conditions. Which by the temperature cooling heat removed from 300 ° C to 40 ° C is discharged in a heat exchanger and as process heat for heating condensate, etc. used.

The Plant has a control box from which the automatic operation is ensured. The complete system is delivered as an assembly and can be put into operation immediately after connection of the on-site services be set

• Fresh oil tank ( 17 )

This Tank is used to store the fresh wash oil. For this Tank is made from the wash fluid tank as ignition oil taken amount of loaded oil with fresh oil refilled.

• Wash fluid tank ( 18 )

Here This will be the load that has been thrown out of the gas scrubber Wash fluid collected and stored. For each tank will be for gas scrubbing and for use as ignition oil required amount of fluid removed.

• Ignition oil preparation ( 19 )

Here, the loaded washing fluid, the pyrolysis oil and condensate are combined and first cleaned in a separator of coarse impurities. After adding tar from the electrostatic precipitator ( 21 ), the long-chain molecular chains are physically comminuted in a homogenizer and homogeneously mixed. By this method also problematic fuels can be used. The treated oil serves as ignition oil for the ignition jet engine.

• Buffer tank for ignition oil ( 20 )

In This tank stores the processed ignition oil.

• Tar electrostatic filter ( 21 )

The Tar electrostatic precipitator consists of a vertically flowed through Filter field with round cross section. To get a uniform Gas flow and thus ensure optimum separation efficiency, The raw gas is before reaching the filter field by a gas distribution guided.

The Filter field consists of honeycomb precipitation electrodes, between which the spray electrodes are arranged. The sharp-edged ribbon electrodes ensure the highest possible Filter voltage with optimal corona discharge. A wear of Electrodes practically do not take place.

The Electric spray system is made by the post insulators carried. The insulator surfaces are used to especially in the start-up and shutdown periods, constantly kept dry by an electric trace heating.

Between The spray and precipitation electrodes is a high DC voltage on. By the building up electric field and the case, from the sharp edges of the discharge electrodes, exiting electrons, the particles to be deposited are ionized and attracted by the collecting electrodes. Here they give theirs Charge and attach to the electrodes.

The Cleaning of the filter system takes place via a periodic, Repeatedly carried out hot steam cleaning. Connection flanges are provided on the filter. The cleaning needs, be regulated by the operator depending on the degree of contamination.

The deposited condensate mixture (tar), which from the collecting electrodes drips, accumulates at the bottom of the filter and is over a dip closure in a provided catchment container derived

• Synthesis gas compressor ( 22 )

The Synthesis gas must with a two-stroke ignition jet engine with introduced a pressure of about 200 bar in the combustion chamber become. In this compressor can be up to 250 bar pressure being constructed.

• Synthesis gas control system ( 23 )

Here be optimized for the engine parameters of the synthesis gas, such as As temperature and pressure, monitored and if necessary regulated.

• Separate synthesis gas injection ( 24 )

The separate synthesis gas injection with a pressure of over 200 bar has the great advantage of being before the introduction in the engine compartment can come to any condensation. The This happens mostly when mixing air and gas in front of the turbocharger. Here it comes then regularly to the layer formation of tars and in addition to the blockage of the intercooler. This is achieved by the direct introduction of the gas into the cylinder prevented and in addition to a better regulation of the gas mixture.

• Ignition oil injection ( 25 )

Here The treated oil is separated as ignition oil injected into the cylinder.

• Air intake slots ( 26 )

Here is the air sucked in via the turbocharger with slight overpressure brought in.

• Exhaust valve ( 27 )
• Turbocharger ( 28 )
• Intercooler ( 29 )
• Ignition jet engine ( 30 )

Of the Jet engine (dual-fuel engine), also diesel-gas engine called thermodynamically based on the principle of the diesel process. It combines the advantages of diesel engine technology with those of gasoline engines. Thus have Zündstrahlmotoren in addition to the diesel injection Also always a gas control system as gas-Otto engine and therefore can optionally be operated with two fuels become.

The Injecting of ignition oil is therefore necessary because the ignition jet engine has no spark plugs. Usually is, depending on the engine and mode of operation, a Zündöleinsatz from 8% to 20% is required, so that the gas fraction safely ignited becomes.

Optional can the jet engine with different diesel / gas shares (20%: 80% -100%: 0%). The good part load behavior and the high el. Efficiency of the diesel engine are unchanged maintained.

in the Case of a four-stroke ignition jet engine becomes the working energy as in a gasoline engine as a gas-air mixture through the intake system placed in the cylinder and only to ignite of the fuel mixture required energy injected as diesel.

at a two-stroke ignition jet engine is only the air over pressed the turbocharger into the combustion chamber of the cylinder. Gas and ignition oil are each separate Injectors introduced under high pressure into the combustion chamber. This has the advantage that in synthesis gases located particles and tars not before being introduced into the combustion chamber on pipelines or apparatus can condense. Have two-stroke engines usually higher electrical efficiencies than four-stroke engines.

The ignition jet engine has the further advantage that significantly fewer particles are emitted in a diesel. The pollutant balance with respect to CO ₂ and other exhaust gas components is also very good.

Dual fuel CHP plant are like the diesel engine CHP plants without restriction for the emergency power supply in z. Hospitals, hotels, Airports, department stores, sprinkler systems, etc. allowed.

• SCR and oxy-cat ( 31 )

There the engine is an ignition jet engine with approx. 8% ignition oil content, must be in compliance with the Nitrogen limits according to TA-Luft an SCR catalyst be used.

• Electrostatic filter ( 32 ) for the engine exhaust

The E-filter serves primarily as a dust filter for the Exhaust gas to increase the particulate emissions below the levels of TA air bring.

• Exhaust silencer ( 33 )
• Exhaust gas heat exchanger ( 34 )
• Chimney ( 35 )
• Entry ( 36 ) of the pyrolysis oil and condensate in Zündölaufbereitung ( 19 )
• Camp ( 37 ) with an entry device for bed pocket and bed material of the carburettor

Optional devices

• 50 , Oxygen generator (optional)
• 51 , Gas scrubber for pyrolysis gas (optional)

The Pyrolysis gas is used in this scrubber of long-chain hydrocarbons, in the form of z. As tars, purified by condensation. The washing medium is optional water, biodiesel, vegetable oil or another Fluid of biogenic origin. When using vegetable oil or Biodiesel as a washing liquid becomes the loaded fluid together with the resulting oil, tar or condensate Added ignition oil for the engine.

• 52 , CO ₂ scrubber (optional)

Optionally, the CO ₂ contained in the synthesis gas can be washed out and used directly in liquid form or in gaseous form as carbonic acid, as dry ice or in greenhouses as a growth-promoting measure.

The Extraction of carbon dioxide from the synthesis gas has the advantage that by reducing the synthesis gas volume by the proportion of carbon monoxide and hydrogen the energetic effort for the compression of the gas is reduced to over 200 bar and. In addition, the gas supplied to the engine due to the higher methane content a higher Calorific value and thereby burns more efficiently.

• 53 , Synthesis Gas Compressor (Optional)
• 54 , Gas storage (optional)
• 55 , Synthesis Reactor (Optional)

Fischer-Tropsch process

The by Professor Franz Fischer and Dr. med. Hans Tropsch before over 80 years of discovered and patent-pending hydrocarbon synthesis is a two-step reaction sequence that uses solid fuels such as Biomass, coke or other organic matter in liquid Fuels such as diesel fuel and gasoline can be converted. It will be with the help of metal catalysts liquid Hydrocarbons from the carbon monoxide and hydrogen fractions made of a synthesis gas. The hydrocarbons synthesized in this case consist mainly of liquid alkanes, also called paraffin oils. As by-products are still falling Olefins, alcohols and solid paraffins.

The required synthesis gas can be added by pyrolysis 600 ° C and higher or by gasification with water vapor and / or oxygen at temperatures above 900 ° C Biomass, coke or other carbonaceous organic matter produce.

The Removal of hydrogen and carbon has been featured in the System has the further advantage that by reducing the synthesis gas volume to the share of carbon monoxide and hydrogen the energetic Effort for the compression of the gas over 200 bar is reduced and. Besides that has the engine supplied gas due to the higher methane content a higher calorific value and thereby burns more efficiently.

• 56 , steam turbine

gas qualities pyrolysis Product gas from gasification with air Synthesis gas mixture of pyrolysis and product gas LHV [kJ / Nm ³ ] 15691 5230 8717 LHV [kW / Nm ³ ] 4.36 1.45 2.42 [Vol%] [Vol%] [Vol%] Carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) 37.50 10.00 19.17 Carbon monoxide (CO) 27,50 27.02 27.18 Methane (CH ₄ ) 12,00 2.02 5.35 Hydrogen (H ₂ ) 12.50 7.77 9.35 Oxygen (O ₂ ) 0.37 0.37 Nitrogen (N ₂ ) 2.00 47.71 32.47 Sulfur dioxide (SO ₂ ) 0.01 0.01 Hydrochloric acid (HCl) 0.00 0.00 Water (H ₂ O) 2.75 5.10 4.32 Ethene (C ₂ H ₄ ) 1.00 1.00 Ethane (C ₂ H ₆ ) 1.00 1.00 Propane (C ₃ H ₈ ) 0.00 Butane (C ₄ H ₁₀ ) 0.00 2,2-dimethylpropane 2.0 (C ₆ H ₁₂ ) 0.00 Benzene (C ₆ H ₆ ) 0.00 2,2 dimethylbutane (C ₆ H ₁₄ ) 0.00 C _x H _y 5.50

1

fuel dryer

2

pyrolysis reactor

3

Hot gas cyclone (Pyrolysis gas)

4

gas cooler

5

Booster fan

6

fuel template for the carburetor

7

storage container for bed material of the carburetor

8th

Atmospheric Carburetor (preferably stationary fluidized bed gasifier)

9

Hot gas cyclone (Product gas stream)

10

Rezigasvorwärmer

11

air preheater

12

Bag filters

13

gas cooler

14

Rezigasgebläse

15

Product gas booster fan

16

Synthesis gas scrubber

17

Oil tank

18

Washing fluid tank

19

Zündölaufbereitung

20

buffer tank for ignition oil

21

Tar Elektostatikfilter

22

Synthesis gas compressor

23

Synthesis gas controlled system

24

injector for the synthesis gas injection

25

injector for the ignition oil injection

26

injector for the air intake

27

outlet valve

28

turbocharger

29

Intercooler

30

dual fuel

31

SCR and Oxi-Cat

32

Electrostatic filter for the engine exhaust

33

exhaust silencer

34

Exhaust gas heat exchanger

35

chimney

36

Entry in ignition oil processing ( 19 )

37

camp with an entry device for bed pocket and bedding material of the carburetor

50

oxygen generator

51

gas scrubber for pyrolysis gas

52

CO ₂ gas scrubber

53

Synthesis gas compressor

54

gas storage

55

synthesis reactor

56

steam turbine

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• - DE 4238934 C2 [0002]
• DE 102004055-407 A1 [0003]

Claims (12)

Process for the production of synthesis gas for an internal combustion engine and for its operation, in particular for the decentralized generation of electricity and heat, comprising the following steps: a. Comminution of raw materials and waste materials containing organic or organic material and drying to the desired particle size and the required water content of this fuel, b. Feeding the organic fuel into a pyrolysis reactor, c. Supplying thermal energy while performing an exothermic decomposition of the organic fuel at a pyrolysis temperature between 400 ° C and 650 ° C to produce pyrolysis gas, pyrolysis coke, condensate and pyrolysis oil, d. Conveying the pyrolysis coke into a receiver tank of a carburettor and collecting the pyrolysis oil for admixing with the ignition oil of the internal combustion engine or for direct introduction into the gasifier, e. completely or partially autothermal gasification of the fuel and / or the pyrolysis oil with the supply of air and / or technical oxygen and water vapor to form a product gas at temperatures of about 1000 ° C (endothermic process) and in particular with supply of energy from the product gas line, f , Purifying the product gas, g. Feeding the hot product gas directly or via a heat exchanger in the pyrolysis reactor, h. Recycling a portion of the product gas for heating the carburetor, in particular under heating of this partial flow in a Rezigasvorwärmer in the main stream of the hot product gas, i. Purifying and cooling the pyrolysis and product gas, j. Merging the pyrolysis gas still having a calorific value of> 15 MJ / Nm ³ with the low calorific product gas (calorific value <10 MJ / Nm ³⁾ to a synthesis gas k. Purifying the synthesis gas of tar and further dust particles in a synthesis gas scrubber ( 16 ) with a wash oil and cooling down the synthesis gas to a temperature of about 40 ° C, l. subsequent cleaning of the intended for operating the internal combustion engine synthesis gas in a tar electrostatic precipitator almost completely of all tar and dust particles according to engine requirements, m. Compressing the purified synthesis gas in a synthesis gas compressor to> 200 bar for synthesis gas injection into the internal combustion engine. Process for the production of synthesis gas for an internal combustion engine and for their operation according to claim 1, characterized in that the pyrolysis reactor for pyrolysis required thermal energy in the form of heat in one first stage (<300 ° C-450 ° C) by the engine exhaust of the internal combustion engine and in a second stage, directly or via heat exchangers, by the hot product gas from the carburetor, by direct firing and / or by introducing thermal energy, supporting or alone, via a direct entry of the hot, from the carburetor discharged bed pocket and the bed material takes place, the pyrolysis at temperatures between 400 ° C and 650 ° C is performed. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized that a gasification in an atmospheric carburetor, especially in a stationary fluidized bed gasifier he follows. Method according to one of claims 1-3, characterized in that as a washing liquid for washing of the synthesis gas, a vegetable oil is used, which is cleaned after saturation in a centrifuge. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that that the wash oil together with the pyrolysis oil, Condensate and tar from the electrostatic filter in a homogenizer is worked up, in which a shortening of the long-chain Molecules take place. Method according to one of claims 1-5, characterized in that the compressed synthesis gas over a separate injector into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine is injected, the combustion air over a separate channel enters the combustion chamber. Method according to one of claims 1-5, characterized in that the internal combustion engine is a two-stroke ignition jet engine (Pilot Injection Natural Gas) with diesel injection and additional Operated gas control system or a four-stroke ignition jet engine, where with the pyrolysis oil and / or pyrolysis condensate and / or tar homogeneously mixed wash oil in the ignition oil of the engine mixed with this is injected. Method according to claim 7, characterized in that that both the high-density synthesis gas and the ignition over separate injectors is injected into the combustion chamber and the combustion air, separated from these fuels also over a separate channel is introduced into the cylinder. Apparatus for carrying out the method according to one or more of claims 1-8, consisting of: a. a fuel dryer ( 1 ) and a warehouse with fuel storage tank; b. a pyrolysis reactor ( 2 ) and a carburettor ( 8th ) for pyrolysis of the pyrolysis reactor ( 2 ) for forming a pyrolysis gas and a product gas, wherein these are connected in two stages for the production of fuel gas and the first stage in the pyrolysis reactor ( 2 ) and the second stage takes place in a preferably formed as a stationary fluidized bed gasifier carburetor, and the pyrolysis reactor ( 2 ) has a heat exchanger for the product gas, so that the required for the pyrolysis thermal energy directly or indirectly from the in the gasifier ( 8th ), or that the thermal energy required for the pyrolysis via an entry device of a warehouse ( 37 ) collected hot bed ash and the bed material from the carburetor ( 8th ) can take place; further comprising: c. heat exchangers installed in the respective pyrolysis and product gas streams ( 4 . 13 ), preferably a tube heat exchanger, each cool the pyrolysis and product gas to about 300 ° C; d. a hot gas cyclone separator installed in each of the pyrolysis and product gas streams ( 3 . 9 ) and from an additional in the product gas flow bag filter ( 12 ); e. from a synthesis gas scrubber installed in the synthesis gas line after unification of the lines of the pyrolysis and product gas streams ( 16 ) and / or a tar electrostatic precipitator ( 21 ); f. a device via which the synthesis gas is mechanically and / or biologically and / or physically and / or chemically cleanable; G. a reciprocating compressor ( 22 ) by means of which the synthesis gas is compressible to> 200 bar; H. a preparation ( 19 ), consisting of a centrifuge and a homogenizer, in the loaded wash oil and / or pyrolysis oil / condensate from the pyrolysis reactor ( 2 ) and / or tar from the electrostatic filter can be worked up for use as ignition oil; i. a four-stroke or two-stroke ignition jet engine ( 30 ) as an internal combustion engine, which via separate injectors ( 24 . 25 . 26 ) for the high-density synthesis gas, the ignition oil and the combustion air, wherein the highly compressed synthesis gas via the separate injector ( 24 ) into the ignition jet engine ( 30 ) is injectable; Apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that an oxygen production plant ( 50 ) parallel to the carburettor ( 8th ) is operable and this is equipped with appropriate nozzles to inject as a gasification technical oxygen and / or water vapor; Apparatus according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that a CO ₂ scrubber ( 52 ) is installed in the synthesis gas stream to largely wash the CO ₂ content in the synthesis gas; Apparatus according to claim 9, 10 or 11, characterized in that a synthesis reactor ( 55 ) Is installed to the H ₂ - and the CO content in the synthesis gas in the required relation to pass out and acc. Liquefying the Fischer-Tropsch process;