DE102008031266B4 - Use of a thermogenerator on an aircraft - Google Patents
Use of a thermogenerator on an aircraft Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE102008031266B4 DE102008031266B4 DE102008031266A DE102008031266A DE102008031266B4 DE 102008031266 B4 DE102008031266 B4 DE 102008031266B4 DE 102008031266 A DE102008031266 A DE 102008031266A DE 102008031266 A DE102008031266 A DE 102008031266A DE 102008031266 B4 DE102008031266 B4 DE 102008031266B4
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- generator
- heat
- thermogenerator
- aircraft
- temperature
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Links
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000005678 Seebeck effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaminophen Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 salt hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64G—COSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64G1/00—Cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/22—Parts of, or equipment specially adapted for fitting in or to, cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/42—Arrangements or adaptations of power supply systems
- B64G1/421—Non-solar power generation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
- H10N10/10—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects
- H10N10/13—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects characterised by the heat-exchanging means at the junction
Abstract
Verwendung eines Thermogenerators an einem Luftfahrzeug, wobei der Thermogenerator unter Ausnutzung des Seebeck-Effektes zur Erzeugung elektrischer Energie unter Ausnutzung der Temperaturdifferenz zwischen zwei Generatoroberflächen (14, 16) des Thermogenerators (10) genutzt wird, der Thermogenerator eine erste der Generatoroberflächen (14) mit ersten Mitteln (18, 20, 34) versehen ist, die eine möglichst verzögerungsarme Anpassung der Generatoroberflächentemperatur an die Umgebungstemperatur bewirken, während eine zweite der Generatoroberflächen (16) mit zweiten Mitteln (24, 26, 30, 40) versehen ist, die eine möglichst verzögerte Anpassung der Generatoroberflächentemperatur an die Umgebungstemperatur bewirken, und die ersten und zweiten Mittel den gleichen zeitlich sich verändernden Umgebungsbedingungen ausgesetzt sind, wie das Luftfahrzeug selbst.Using a thermogenerator on an aircraft, the thermogenerator utilizing the Seebeck effect for generating electrical energy by utilizing the temperature difference between two generator surfaces (14, 16) of the thermal generator (10) is used, the thermogenerator a first of the generator surfaces (14) first means (18, 20, 34) is provided, which cause the lowest possible adjustment of the generator surface temperature to the ambient temperature, while a second of the generator surfaces (16) with second means (24, 26, 30, 40) is provided, the one possible cause delayed adjustment of the generator surface temperature to the ambient temperature, and the first and second means are exposed to the same temporally changing environmental conditions as the aircraft itself.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft die Verwendung eines Thermogenerators an einem Luftfahrzeug, wobei der Thermogenerator unter Ausnutzung des Seebeck-Effektes zur Erzeugung elektrischer Energie unter Ausnutzung der Temperaturdifferenz zwischen zwei Generatoroberflächen des Thermogenerators genutzt wird.The invention relates to the use of a thermogenerator on an aircraft, wherein the thermogenerator is exploited by utilizing the Seebeck effect for generating electrical energy by utilizing the temperature difference between two generator surfaces of the thermal generator.
Ein derartiger Thermogenerator ist beispielsweise aus den Druckschriften
Die Erfindung ermöglicht die Ausnutzung sich zeitlich verändernder Umgebungsbedingungen, beispielsweise einer stetigen Erwärmung oder Abkühlung zur Erzeugung elektrischer Energie, die beispielsweise für Sensoren oder ähnliche Bauteile geringen Energiebedarfs benutzt werden kann. Dadurch wird die häufig aufwendige und anfällige Zuleitung elektrischer Energie über Kabel vermieden. Solche Bedingungen treten beispielsweise bei dem Steig- oder Sinkflug eines Flugzeuges auf, da in einer Höhe von über 10.000 Metern Temperaturen im Bereich von minus 50° bis 70° Celsius herrschen. Geht ein Flugzeug aus dieser Höhe bzw. bei dieser Temperatur in den Sinkflug über, so steigt dabei die Umgebungstemperatur bis hin zu den Bodentemperaturen. Die erfindungsgemäße Merkmalskombination dient nun dazu, dass die eine Generatoroberfläche den sich zeitlich verändernden Umgebungsbedingungen möglichst verzögerungsarm ausgesetzt wird, so dass diese Generatoroberfläche soweit wie möglich der Umgebungstemperatur entspricht oder folgt. Zugleich wird der Wärmefluss auf die zweite Generatoroberfläche soweit wie möglich behindert, um eine möglichst verzögerte Anpassung der Generatoroberflächentemperatur an die Umgebungstemperatur zu bewirken. Dadurch entsteht zwischen den beiden Generatoroberflächen eine Temperaturdifferenz, die wiederum zur Erzeugung elektrischer Energie solange nutzbar ist, bis auch die zweite Generatoroberfläche die Umgebungstemperatur dann näherungsweise erreicht.The invention enables the exploitation of time-varying environmental conditions, such as a steady heating or cooling to generate electrical energy, which can be used for example for sensors or similar components low energy consumption. As a result, the often consuming and vulnerable supply of electrical energy via cables is avoided. Such conditions occur, for example, in the climb or descent of an aircraft, as prevail at a height of about 10,000 meters temperatures in the range of minus 50 ° to 70 ° Celsius. If an aircraft goes from this altitude or at this temperature into descent, the ambient temperature rises up to the ground temperature. The combination of features according to the invention now serves to expose the one generator surface to the temporally changing environmental conditions with as little delay as possible, so that this generator surface corresponds or follows as far as possible the ambient temperature. At the same time, the heat flow to the second generator surface is hindered as much as possible in order to bring about a possibly delayed adaptation of the generator surface temperature to the ambient temperature. This creates a temperature difference between the two generator surfaces, which in turn can be used to generate electrical energy until the second generator surface also approximately reaches the ambient temperature.
Die Erfindung ermöglicht damit während der Phase sich zeitlich verändernder Umgebungsbedingungen (insbesondere Umgebungstemperaturen) die Erzeugung elektrischer Energie, die während dieser Betriebsphase dazu ausgenutzt werden kann, Verbraucher geringen Energiebedarfs wie Sensoren zu betreiben, die ohne externe Zuführungen elektrischen Stroms (z. B. Kabel) montiert werden können. Durch die Anbringung von Energiespeicherelementen wie Kondensatoren oder Akkumulatoren ist es auch möglich, einen Teil der nicht benutzten elektrischen Energie zwischen zu speichern.During the phase of time-varying environmental conditions (in particular ambient temperatures), the invention thus makes it possible to generate electrical energy that can be used during this phase of operation to operate consumers with low energy requirements such as sensors that are not supplied with external electrical power (eg cables). can be mounted. By attaching energy storage elements such as capacitors or accumulators, it is also possible to store some of the unused electrical energy between.
Vorzugsweise sind die ersten Mittel zur Bewirkung einer möglichst verzögerungsarmen Anpassung der ersten Generatoroberflächentemperatur an die Umgebungstemperatur eine Beschichtung geringer Wärmekapazität und/oder hoher Wärmeleitfähigkeit. Hierfür eignen sich insbesondere Materialien wie Titan, Aluminium, Kupfer, Gold, Silber oder Verbindungen bzw. Legierungen davon.Preferably, the first means for effecting a preferably low-delay adaptation of the first generator surface temperature to the ambient temperature, a coating of low heat capacity and / or high thermal conductivity. In particular, materials such as titanium, aluminum, copper, gold, silver or compounds or alloys thereof are suitable for this purpose.
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung sind oberflächenvergrößernde Elemente auf der ersten Generatoroberfläche vorgesehen, beispielsweise Wärmeleitrippen, die einen erhöhten Wärmefluss von der Umgebung in die erste Generatoroberfläche bewirken.According to an advantageous development of the invention, surface-enlarging elements are provided on the first generator surface, for example heat-conducting ribs, which bring about increased heat flow from the environment into the first generator surface.
Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausbildung der Erfindung sieht vor, dass eine Beschichtung vorgesehen ist, die zumindest an der äußeren Umgebungsgrenzfläche zur Umgebung hin porös ist und dadurch eine erhöhte Oberfläche bewirkt, die einen verbesserten Wärmeaustausch zwischen Umgebung und erster Generatoroberfläche bewirken. Eine Weiterbildung dieses Erfindungsgedanken sieht vor, dass die Porösität von der Generatoroberfläche hin zur Umgebungsgrenzfläche zunimmt. Denn der Luftstrom durch die offenen Poren nimmt zur Tiefe hin immer mehr ab.A further advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that a coating is provided which is porous to the environment at least at the outer environmental boundary and thereby causes an increased surface, which effect an improved heat exchange between the environment and the first generator surface. A development of this inventive concept provides that the porosity increases from the generator surface towards the environmental boundary. Because the air flow through the open pores decreases towards the depth more and more.
Die wärmeleitende Beschichtung wird vorzugsweise mittels Aufdampfen, Sputtern, Abscheiden aus der Gasphase, Aufbringen von Gemischen oder selektivem Ätzen, Laserbearbeitung oder Sintern aufgebracht.The heat-conductive coating is preferably applied by means of vapor deposition, sputtering, vapor deposition, application of mixtures or selective etching, laser processing or sintering.
Vorzugsweise umfassen die Mittel zur Verzögerung der Temperaturanpassung der zweiten Generatoroberfläche mindestens ein Wärmespeicherelement hoher Wärmekapazität, das zwischen der Generatoroberfläche und der Umgebungsgrenzfläche angeordnet ist. Vorzugsweise ist das Wärmespeicherelement nach außen zur Umgebungsgrenzfläche hin mit einer Schicht geringer Wärmeleitfähigkeit versehen, während zwischen dem Wärmespeicherelement und der Generatoroberfläche eine Schicht hoher Wärmeleitfähigkeit vorgesehen ist, um einen möglichst hohen Wärmeabfluss in Richtung des Thermogenerators zu erreichen, wobei dieser Wärmeabfluss durch den Wärmegenerator selber in Richtung der anderen, ersten Generatoroberfläche hin erfolgt.Preferably, the means for delaying the temperature adjustment of the second generator surface comprises at least one high heat capacity heat storage element disposed between the generator surface and the environmental interface. Preferably, the heat storage element is outwardly provided to the surrounding boundary surface with a layer of low thermal conductivity, while between the heat storage element and the generator surface, a layer of high thermal conductivity is provided to achieve the highest possible heat dissipation in the direction of the thermal generator, said heat flow through the heat generator itself in Direction of the other, first generator surface takes place.
Vorzugsweise besteht das Wärmespeicherelement aus Aluminium, Titan oder ein Verbindung bzw. Legierung dieser Elemente.Preferably, the heat storage element made of aluminum, titanium or a compound or alloy of these elements.
Eine bevorzugte Weiterbildung der Erfindung sieht vor, dass die Schicht geringer Wärmeleitfähigkeit mindestens einen Hohlraum umfasst, der entweder gasfrei (evakuiert) ist oder ein Gas niedrigen Druckes enthält und/oder mit Gas geringer Wärmeleitfähigkeit gefüllt ist, vorzugsweise mit Edelgas wie Argon.A preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the layer of low thermal conductivity comprises at least one cavity which is either gas-free (evacuated) or contains a gas of low pressure and / or filled with gas of low thermal conductivity, preferably with inert gas such as argon.
Eine alternative Ausführung des Wärmespeicherelementes besteht darin, dieses als Phasenwechselelement (PCM-Element) auszubilden, das Wärme über einen Phasenwechsel (z. B. fest in flüssig) speichert. Derartige Elemente verwenden vorzugsweise Salze, Salzhydrate oder deren Gemische oder organische Verbindungen wie z. B. Paraffin um Wärme zu speichern.An alternative embodiment of the heat storage element is to form this as a phase change element (PCM element) that stores heat via a phase change (eg solid in liquid). Such elements preferably use salts, salt hydrates or mixtures thereof or organic compounds such as. B. Paraffin to store heat.
Um die Umgebungsbedingungen auf die erste Generatoroberfläche möglichst verzögerungsarm und intensiv einwirken zu lassen, ist es ferner bevorzugt, Strömungsleitflächen vorzusehen. Entsprechend entgegengesetzt wirkende Strömungsleitflächen zur Fernhaltung der schnellen Einwirkung Umgebungsbedingungen können nach einem weiteren Aspekt der Erfindung auch auf der anderen Seite des Thermogenerators vorgesehen werden.In order to let the ambient conditions act on the first generator surface with as little delay as possible and intensively, it is further preferred to provide flow control surfaces. Correspondingly oppositely acting flow guide to keep away from the rapid action environmental conditions can also be provided on the other side of the thermogenerator according to another aspect of the invention.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand der beigefügten Zeichnungen beispielhaft nähererläutert. Dabei zeigt:The invention will be explained in more detail by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. Showing:
In
Auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite des Thermoelements
Schematisch sind an den Enden des Thermoelements
Im Betrieb sind die Umgebungsbedingungen, insbesondere die Temperatur in den Bereichen
Diese Ausführungsform eines Thermogenerators als ein Bestandteil der Erfindung wurde für eine zunehmende Umgebungstemperatur in den Bereichen
In
In
In diesen Beispielen wurde stets ein Wärmestrom über Wärmeleistung erläutert. Alternativ wäre erfindungsgemäß ein Wärmestrom über Strahlungseinwirkung anwendbar, wobei die erste Generatoroberfläche
Claims (2)
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DE102008031266A DE102008031266B4 (en) | 2008-07-02 | 2008-07-02 | Use of a thermogenerator on an aircraft |
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DE102008031266A DE102008031266B4 (en) | 2008-07-02 | 2008-07-02 | Use of a thermogenerator on an aircraft |
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DE102008031266A1 DE102008031266A1 (en) | 2010-01-14 |
DE102008031266B4 true DE102008031266B4 (en) | 2013-05-29 |
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Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10141492B2 (en) | 2015-05-14 | 2018-11-27 | Nimbus Materials Inc. | Energy harvesting for wearable technology through a thin flexible thermoelectric device |
US10290794B2 (en) | 2016-12-05 | 2019-05-14 | Sridhar Kasichainula | Pin coupling based thermoelectric device |
US10367131B2 (en) | 2013-12-06 | 2019-07-30 | Sridhar Kasichainula | Extended area of sputter deposited n-type and p-type thermoelectric legs in a flexible thin-film based thermoelectric device |
US10553773B2 (en) | 2013-12-06 | 2020-02-04 | Sridhar Kasichainula | Flexible encapsulation of a flexible thin-film based thermoelectric device with sputter deposited layer of N-type and P-type thermoelectric legs |
US10566515B2 (en) | 2013-12-06 | 2020-02-18 | Sridhar Kasichainula | Extended area of sputter deposited N-type and P-type thermoelectric legs in a flexible thin-film based thermoelectric device |
US11024789B2 (en) | 2013-12-06 | 2021-06-01 | Sridhar Kasichainula | Flexible encapsulation of a flexible thin-film based thermoelectric device with sputter deposited layer of N-type and P-type thermoelectric legs |
US11276810B2 (en) | 2015-05-14 | 2022-03-15 | Nimbus Materials Inc. | Method of producing a flexible thermoelectric device to harvest energy for wearable applications |
US11283000B2 (en) | 2015-05-14 | 2022-03-22 | Nimbus Materials Inc. | Method of producing a flexible thermoelectric device to harvest energy for wearable applications |
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DE102010007420A1 (en) * | 2010-02-10 | 2011-08-11 | Minebea Co., Ltd. | Device for converting thermal power into electrical power, has heat exchangers made of highly conductive materials, where reverse energy flow takes place from heat accumulator to heat source to generate electric and/or electric voltage |
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DE102012022863A1 (en) * | 2012-11-20 | 2014-05-22 | Astrium Gmbh | Process for converting heat into electrical energy |
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Cited By (10)
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US10367131B2 (en) | 2013-12-06 | 2019-07-30 | Sridhar Kasichainula | Extended area of sputter deposited n-type and p-type thermoelectric legs in a flexible thin-film based thermoelectric device |
US10553773B2 (en) | 2013-12-06 | 2020-02-04 | Sridhar Kasichainula | Flexible encapsulation of a flexible thin-film based thermoelectric device with sputter deposited layer of N-type and P-type thermoelectric legs |
US10566515B2 (en) | 2013-12-06 | 2020-02-18 | Sridhar Kasichainula | Extended area of sputter deposited N-type and P-type thermoelectric legs in a flexible thin-film based thermoelectric device |
US11024789B2 (en) | 2013-12-06 | 2021-06-01 | Sridhar Kasichainula | Flexible encapsulation of a flexible thin-film based thermoelectric device with sputter deposited layer of N-type and P-type thermoelectric legs |
US10141492B2 (en) | 2015-05-14 | 2018-11-27 | Nimbus Materials Inc. | Energy harvesting for wearable technology through a thin flexible thermoelectric device |
US11276810B2 (en) | 2015-05-14 | 2022-03-15 | Nimbus Materials Inc. | Method of producing a flexible thermoelectric device to harvest energy for wearable applications |
US11283000B2 (en) | 2015-05-14 | 2022-03-22 | Nimbus Materials Inc. | Method of producing a flexible thermoelectric device to harvest energy for wearable applications |
US10290794B2 (en) | 2016-12-05 | 2019-05-14 | Sridhar Kasichainula | Pin coupling based thermoelectric device |
US10516088B2 (en) | 2016-12-05 | 2019-12-24 | Sridhar Kasichainula | Pin coupling based thermoelectric device |
US10559738B2 (en) | 2016-12-05 | 2020-02-11 | Sridhar Kasichainula | Pin coupling based thermoelectric device |
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