DE102008020605A1 - Heating and cooling arrangement for use in sorption cooling system, has container with pumping opening at which vacuum pump is connected in vacuum-sealed manner, and working medium-steam channel running from evaporator into container - Google Patents

Abstract

The arrangement has a tubular shaped evaporator (2) comprising an opening (10) with which the evaporator is connected with an opening (9) of a tubular shaped absorber-container (1) in vacuum-sealed manner. The absorber-container has a pumping opening at which a vacuum pump is connected in vacuum-sealed manner. A sorbent (16) i.e. zeolite, absorbs a working material i.e. water. The working medium-steam channel (13) runs from the evaporator into the absorber-container. The evaporator contains an absorbent mineral wool (15) to absorb the working material. An independent claim is also included for a method for utilizing a heating and cooling arrangement.

Description

The The invention relates to a heating and cooling arrangement with a Adsorbents and methods for their use.

adsorption are apparatus in which a solid sorbent is a second, at lower temperatures boiling agent, the working medium vaporous sorbed under heat release (sorption phase). The work equipment evaporates in an evaporator while absorbing heat. After the sorbent is saturated, it can be absorbed by heat be desorbed again (desorption phase). At the same time, working fluid is evaporated from the adsorbent.

Adsorption apparatus for cooling with solid sorbents are from EP 0 368 111 and the DE-OS 34 25 419 known. Sorbent container, filled with sorbents, while sucking agent vapor, which is produced in an evaporator and sorb it with heat release. The released heat of sorption must be removed from the sorbent filling.

That from the EP 0 368 111 known sorption cooling system consists of a portable cooling unit and a separable, stationary charging station. The cooling unit consists of a sorption tank filled with a solid sorbent and an evaporator containing liquid working fluid and a heat exchanger embedded therein. Evaporator and sorption are connected to each other via a shut-off steam line. Through a heat exchanger embedded in the evaporator flow liquid media, which are cooled by temperature-controlled opening and closing of the shut-off device to the desired temperature level. After the sorbent is saturated with working fluid, it can be heated in the charging station. The working fluid vapor flowing out is reliquefied in the evaporator. The condensation heat is dissipated by cooling water, which must flow through the embedded heat exchanger.

The DE 19748362 describes a method for cooling and / or freezing hydrous products by direct evaporation under vacuum, wherein the hydrous product is introduced into a vacuum chamber and the chamber pressure is lowered by a vacuum pump to the extent that water vapor escapes from the product and flows through an interposed zeolite bed to the vacuum pump. The DE 10104972 also describes the cooling of a water-containing liquid by means of a sorbent and a connected vacuum pump.

From the DE 4243816 For example, a sorbent cartridge is known that includes a water vapor inlet and a suction device port. A suitable for this purpose, hand-operated vacuum pump is in the DE 4304786 described.

The DE 19504081 finally discloses a cooling device with an evaporator housing having flow channels in the interior and an outflow opening for the escape of water vapor and retaining means for retaining liquid water. The evaporator housing can be connected to a Zeolithschüttung which adsorbs the effluent water vapor. For evacuating the cooling device, a vacuum pump is provided.

task The invention is a multifunctional heating and cooling arrangement with a sorbent and method of using the same.

Solved This object is achieved by the characterizing features of the claims 1 and 15. The dependent claims show further inventive devices and methods of using the heating and cooling arrangement.

The Heating and cooling arrangement according to the invention contains therefore a sorbent within a Sorber container and liquid working fluid within an evaporator. The sorbent becomes heat during the desorption phase fed at a high temperature level and during or withdrawn after the sorption at a lower temperature level. According to the invention, at the beginning of the sorption phase the evaporator and a vacuum pump to the sorber tank docked and the arrangement evacuated. The working fluid evaporates and can even freeze at low system pressure. While and especially after the desorption phase, the evaporator can Cooling purposes and the Sorber tank for heating purposes be used. The respective use can be separated at different Places made. Also the desorption of the sorbent container Can be separated from evaporator and vacuum pump in distant places and at any time.

During the desorption phase, working fluid vapor is desorbed from the sorbent. This flows through the open sorber container in the environment or in a condenser to deliver the heat of condensation to a medium to be heated. At the end of this phase, the heat input into the sorbent is stopped. The desorption of further agent vapor ends with it. In this desorbed state, the sensible heat of the sorbent to the environment or more energetically useful for heating a be discharged further medium. After the desorption phase, the entry of air into the sorbent should be prevented. Otherwise, the sorbent can adsorb the moisture contained in the air if there is a frequent change of air.

The Adsorption heat is only released when the sorber tank coupled to the evaporator and by means of vacuum pump, the air the arrangement is pumped off and the total pressure below the evaporation pressure lowered the water filling in the connected evaporator becomes. In order to freeze the evaporator contents, the total pressure must be below 6 mbar, but better below 5 mbar be lowered.

When Sorbent comes according to the invention zeolite for use. Per kilogram of zeolite can thus be an inventive Heating and cooling arrangement in the evaporator approx. 130 Wh cold produce and store in the form of ice. To 130 Wh cold in ice form to store the evaporator must be filled with water about 1.4 kg. Added to this is the amount of water to be evaporated of 0.2 kg. From the zeolite filling are under these conditions per kilogram more than 160 Wh heat available.

zeolite is a crystalline mineral whose regular Framework structure consists of silicon and aluminum oxides. This framework structure contains cavities, in which water molecules with heat release (ad) can be sorbed. Within the framework structure the water molecules are exposed to strong field forces, their strength from that already in the framework structure contained amount of water and the temperature of the zeolite depends. For practical use can be per 100 grams Zeolite can be sorbed up to 25 grams of water. Zeolites are solid Substances without disturbing thermal expansion in the sorption or desorption reaction. The framework structure is of all Sites for the water vapor molecules freely accessible. Adsorption devices are therefore operational in every situation. For an economical operation are with zeolite Desorption temperatures of over 140 ° C recommended.

usable However, there are other sorbent pairings in which the Sorbent is solid and also solid in the sorption reaction remains. However, solid sorbents have a low heat conduction and a bad heat transfer. Since also the Heat transfer from ambient air to the sorber tank in the same order, recommend itself in related applications heat exchangers without ribbing, such as cylinder, plate or tube geometries. In particular, zeolite granules have a low heat conductivity have the Sorber container designed so that the average heat conduction path for the converted Heat does not exceed 3 cm.

Some solid sorbents, especially zeolite, are stable enough around without volume change and external pressures support with thin-walled container walls to be able to. Additional stiffeners or thick-walled Heat exchanger surfaces are therefore not necessary. As in the use of water as Ar beitsmittel the sorption is under vacuum and for the entire service life no Gases should enter the system are vacuum-tight components to use.

At the Evaporation of water under vacuum cools the water in the evaporator to 0 ° C and freezes with continued Evaporation to ice. For forwarding the working medium vapor is to provide a suitable working fluid vapor channel. This one is both streamlined in the evaporator as well as in the sorbent tank to arrange. When using pipes, it is advantageous the working medium steam channel to arrange in the axial direction and for the water filling in the evaporator an absorbent material annular insert between the steam duct and the outer pipe. The absorbent material may consist of a sponge, which has open pores or from an absorbent Fiber material. To fill the evaporator, the material flooded with water and then the unbound Amount of water to be emptied by tilting the evaporator. The amount the absorbent material is to be dimensioned so that it is the amount of sorbent contained in the sorber tank can retain a sufficient amount of working fluid.

Also The sorber container can according to the invention a Pipe geometry with centric and axial working medium steam channel exhibit. If that between the steam duct and pipe outer wall filled sorbent is thinner than 3 cm, can the pipe diameter is less than 12 cm. To the heat conduction In the sorbent to improve, the tube in the interior can additionally equipped with axially extending Wärmeleitlammellen be.

at a tube geometry can be the heat source for the Desorption also directly into the axial working medium vapor channel of the sorber tank. Electric heating cartridges In this way you can fill the sorbent heat from the inside out. Other heat sources will be theirs Heat over the outer wall of the sorber tank introduce into the sorbent filling. As heat sources are in particular hot gases from combustion processes or industrial waste heat provided they have the necessary desorption temperatures of over 140 ° C have.

Also the storage of solar energy is with the heating and cooling arrangement in a simple manner possible. For this purpose, the sorber containers are coupled to solar collectors, which transmit the sunlight to the sorbent filling. In a tube geometry systems can advantageously be used, which collimate the sunlight by means of parabolic troughs on the sorbent container. Also, the insertion of a tubular Sorber container in so-called vacuum tubes allows a very efficient desorption of the sorbent filling. The desorbed in this way sorber container can be stacked without loss for the subsequent use of heat and / or cold.

According to the invention the heat source is far away from the later ones Use of heat and cold are located. In this In the case, several sorber containers can be used as collective transport ship with reduced transport costs.

For the detachable connections of the sorber tank to the vacuum pump and to the evaporator known connection techniques are suitable. To enable the coupling quickly and without tools, are inventively seals in use, the itself at applied negative pressure to the openings of the sorber tank and a gas-tight connection received. To give a good mechanical stability In addition, a connector, z. B. a bayonet closure be used. Even screw connections can be used well. Advantageous In any case, it is not the seals on the sorber tank but at the suction hose of the vacuum pump and at the evaporator opening firmly to assemble. The sorber tank can then be higher Be exposed to temperatures. In addition, each arrangement will be numerical often more sorber tanks than vaporizers and Vacuum pumps be present. The cost of the sealing elements are then lower. When the sealing element on the evaporator and is identical to the vacuum pump, the sorber container docked with any orientation.

At The vacuum pump used will be no special requirements posed. If the final pressure required for icing is reached Any vacuum generator can be used. The vacuum pump can also be combined with a pressure sensor that the pump as soon as the necessary pressure has been reached and reactivated as soon as the pressure has increased due to leaks. Also The use of manual vacuum pumps seems to make sense in terms of energy, though no electricity can or should be used.

The Drawing shows:

in 1 a heating and cooling arrangement according to the invention,

in 2 a sorber container and an evaporator in a sectional view,

in 3 a sorber tank in cross-section and

in 4 an evaporator in cross section.

1 shows a tubular sorber container 1 to which a tubular evaporator 2 and a vacuum pump 3 via bayonet-type connecting elements 8th are coupled. The vacuum pump 3 is via a flexible hose line 4 and a connection 5 with the sorber tank 1 connected.

In 2 are the tubular sorber tank 1 and the evaporator 2 out 1 shown cut. The upper sorber opening 9 is with a lock 6 that has a chain 7 at the sorber tank 1 is attached, covered. The lower sorber opening 9 is still open. This can be connected to the evaporator opening 10 be docked. An annular seal 11 This is done on a flat surface 12 in the sorber opening 9 pressed and by means of the connecting element 8th fixed like a bayonet.

Both evaporator 2 as well as Sorber tanks 1 contain inside an axially extending working medium vapor channel 13 from a perforated metal channel 14 is wrapped. Between perforated plate channel 14 and evaporator outer tube is absorbent mineral wool 15 that is soaked in water. Between perforated plate channel 14 and the sorbent container outer tube is the sorbent 16 , It contains desorbed zeolite granules.

3 shows the sorber tank 1 in cross section. In the area of the sorbent 16 run in the axial direction of heat conduction fins 17 , These are connected to the sorber tank outer tube good thermal conductivity and point radially towards Lochlechmantel 14 of the working fluid steam channel 13 forms.

4 finally shows the evaporator 2 in cross section. Between outer tube and inner perforated metal jacket 14 is the absorbent mineral wool 15 , It can be flooded with water and keeps after dumping the excess water back to the necessary amount of water for the process. During the sorption process flows over the working medium vapor channel 13 Water vapor.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• EP 0368111 [0003, 0004]
• - DE 3425419 [0003]
• - DE 19748362 [0005]
• - DE 10104972 [0005]
• - DE 4243816 [0006]
• - DE 4304786 [0006]
• - DE 19504081 [0007]

Claims (26)

Heating and cooling arrangement with a working medium absorbable evaporator ( 2 ), a sorber container ( 1 ) with a sorption agent adsorbable in vapor form ( 16 ) and a vacuum pump ( 3 ), characterized in that the evaporator ( 2 ) an evaporator opening ( 10 ) containing it to a sorber opening ( 9 ) of the sorbent container ( 1 ) is vacuum-tight coupling and that the sorber container ( 1 ) has a second pump port to which the vacuum pump ( 3 ) is vacuum-tight coupled and that a working medium vapor channel ( 13 ) from the evaporator ( 2 ), into the sorber container ( 1 ) runs. Heating and cooling arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the working fluid is water and the sorbent ( 16 ) Contains zeolite. Heating and cooling arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the evaporator ( 2 ) an absorbent material ( 15 ), which can bind the working fluid. Heating and cooling arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sorbent container ( 1 ) is designed so that the maximum heat conduction in the sorbent ( 16 ) to the heat exchanger surface of the sorber tank ( 1 ) is less than 3 cm. Heating and cooling arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the working medium steam channel ( 13 ) within the sorber tank ( 1 ) in front of the pump opening and the pump opening sorbent ( 16 ) is upstream. Heating and cooling arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the working medium steam channel ( 13 ) of the sorbent container ( 1 ) an electric heater can be inserted. Heating and cooling arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sorbent container ( 1 ) is covered with an electric heater. Heating and cooling arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sorbent container ( 1 ) consists essentially of a tube whose inner diameter is smaller than 120 mm. Heating and cooling arrangement according to claim 8, characterized in that the tube geometry in the interior of Wärmeleitlamellen ( 17 ) which extend substantially in the axial direction. Heating and cooling arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the two openings of the sorber container ( 1 ) over closures ( 6 ) are closable to minimize the influx of moist air after desorption. Heating and cooling arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the vacuum pump ( 3 ) is manually or electrically operable. Heating and cooling arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the evaporator opening ( 10 ) a seal ( 11 ), which the vacuum-tight connection with the Sorber container ( 1 ). Heating and cooling arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the connection ( 5 ) of the vacuum pump ( 3 ) is arranged a seal which the vacuum-tight connection with the sorber container ( 1 ). Heating and cooling arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the seals ( 11 ) on the evaporator ( 2 ) and subsequently ( 5 ) of the vacuum pump ( 3 ) are identical and by means of the same fasteners on the sorber container ( 1 ) are fixable. Method using a heating and cooling arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at the beginning of the sorption phase in the evaporator ( 2 ) possibly missing water is added, evaporator ( 2 ) and vacuum pump ( 3 ) by means of the seals ( 11 ) to the desorbed sorber container ( 1 ), with the vacuum pump ( 3 ) is then created and maintained a vacuum and during or after the sorbent container ( 1 ) and the water in the evaporator ( 2 ) are frozen, the heat and the cold are transferred to other media. A method using a heating and cooling arrangement according to claim 15, characterized in that for the transfer of heat from the sorbent container ( 1 ) and the cold from the evaporator ( 2 ) are separated from each other and moved to different locations. Method using a heating and cooling arrangement according to claim 15, characterized in that the evaporator ( 2 ) for cooling a cold room, z. B. a refrigerator, is inserted into each space to be cooled. Method using a heating and cooling arrangement according to claim 15, characterized in that the evaporator ( 2 ) is spent for air conditioning in an air stream. Method using a heating and cooling arrangement according to claim 15, characterized in that the sorbent container ( 1 ) heated cold water by z. B. gives off heat to the cold water inlet of a hot water tank. Method using a heating and cooling arrangement according to claim 15, characterized in that the sorbent container ( 1 ) is used to heat an air stream. Method using a heating and cooling arrangement according to claim 15, characterized in that the separated sorber container ( 1 ) for desorbing the water from the sorbent ( 16 ) is coupled with a hot heat source. Method using a heating and cooling arrangement according to claim 21, characterized in that the heat source is a hot exhaust stream. Method using a heating and cooling arrangement according to claim 21, characterized in that as a heat source an electrical resistance heating element is used. Method using a heating and cooling arrangement according to claim 23, characterized in that the electrical Resistance heating element to the power generator of a stationary Hometrainers or a wind turbine is connected. Method using a heating and cooling arrangement according to claim 21, characterized in that as a heat source a solar panel is used. Method using a heating and cooling arrangement according to claim 21, characterized in that the sorbent container ( 1 ) without the vacuum pump ( 3 ) and the evaporator ( 2 ) transported to a remote heat source, regenerated there and with the closures ( 6 ) and together with other sorber containers ( 1 ) is transported back in a collective transport.