DE102008013598A1 - Plant for reducing salt and/or mineral content of water such as seawater and/or brackish water for producing fresh water, comprises evaporation device having evaporation elements, condensation device, conveying unit, and atomizing unit - Google Patents

Abstract

The plant comprises an evaporation device (12) intended for salt and/or mineral-rich water and comprising evaporation elements with a large specific surface per unit volume, a condensation device (4) for the evaporated water, a unit for conveying the salt and/or mineral-rich water to the evaporation elements, an atomizing unit or a spraying unit for wetting the evaporation elements, a unit for evacuating the salt and/or mineral-rich water and/or salt and/or mineral residues from a pneumatic structure (2), and a first pneumatic unit for removing salt and/or mineral residues. The plant comprises an evaporation device (12) intended for salt and/or mineral-rich water and comprising evaporation elements with a large specific surface per unit volume, a condensation device (4) for the evaporated water, a unit for conveying the salt and/or mineral-rich water to the evaporation elements, an atomizing unit or a spraying unit for wetting the evaporation elements, a unit for evacuating the salt and/or mineral-rich water and/or salt and/or mineral residues from a pneumatic structure (2), a first pneumatic unit for removing salt and/or mineral residues from the evaporation elements and/or a second pneumatic unit for collecting and transporting crystalline salts and/or minerals fallen away from the evaporation elements or dropped out from the internal atmosphere of the pneumatic structure, a funnel shaped wind-collecting device positionable independent of the remaining plant for compressed-air supply for the pneumatic structure and/or for aeration devices arranged in the pneumatic structure for the salt and/or mineral-rich water, a heat exchanging device between the condensate and the salt and/or mineral-rich water to be treated and/or the pneumatic structure from the externally supplied air for preheating the salt and/or mineral-rich of water to be treated and/or the supplied air, and a unit for producing energy from solar energy, wind energy and/or water flow energy for operating the conveying unit. The evaporation device is limited and/or formed by the pneumatic structure closed against the atmosphere. The pneumatic structure has overpressure and negative pressure against the atmosphere and is permeably formed for sunlight in a partial manner. The condensation device is arranged in an impermeable and/or reflecting area of the pneumatic structure for the sunlight. The evaporation elements are arranged to the shape-stabilizing structures of the pneumatic structure and/or part of the shape-stabilizing structures of the pneumatic structure. The pneumatic structure is closely formed on all sides for discharging the water to the sea, and has an upper covering part (9) and a lower covering part (10), which are connected along an equator line of the pneumatic structure. The lower covering part is filled with the water to be evaporated. The pneumatic structure is rotation-symmetrically formed and lenticularly formed in the cross-section. The upper covering part has a weaker curvature than the lower covering part. The wind-collecting device is formed as pneumatic structure. An independent claim is included for a device for manufacturing covering parts of the pneumatic structure of a water desalination plant.

Description

The The present invention relates to a plant according to the preamble of claim 1 for reducing the salt and / or minerals content of Water, in particular seawater and / or brackish water for extraction of fresh water, with at least one evaporation device for the salt and / or mineral-rich water and with at least one condensation device for the evaporated water.

Farther The present invention relates to a device according to the preamble of claim 19 for producing at least parts of a inventive plant.

Known Installations for reducing the salt and / or minerals content of Water, in particular seawater and / or brackish water for extraction of fresh water (hereinafter referred to in simplified form as "desalination plants"), can be roughly divided into two different ways, namely on the one hand Plants, which on the natural Evaporation of water, especially due to solar radiation and, on the other hand, those which are industrial scale Desalination with the help of techniques such as osmosis, reverse osmosis and the like. While in the former, above all, only the low yield per unit area, this means the low efficiency and the relatively large area consumption are to be criticized, have the latter in addition the disadvantages of immensely high production and maintenance costs, negative environmental impacts, high energy requirements and far-reaching Requirements for the operating personnel.

Opposite this State of the art, the invention is the object of a To create desalination plant, which can be flexibly used locally is and the low production and maintenance costs too by a low qualified staff a relatively high fresh water yield supplies.

Farther to create a device for producing such a system become.

The Invention solves These tasks by means of a system for reducing the salt and / or Mineral content of water with the features of the claim 1 or by a device for producing at least parts Such a system with the features of claim 19.

advantageous Further developments of the subjects of the invention are specified in the subclaims, the text of which is hereby incorporated by express reference into the description is added to unnecessary To avoid repeated text.

According to the invention is a Plant for reducing the salt and / or mineral content of water, in particular of seawater and / or brackish water for the production of Freshwater, with at least one evaporation device for the salt and mineral rich Water and with at least one condensation device for the evaporated Water, characterized in that the evaporation device through one opposite the atmosphere essentially closed pneumatic structure limited or is formed.

A inventive device for producing at least one shell part the pneumatic structure of a desalination plant according to the invention comprises at least one in particular rotationally symmetrical shaped body whose surface substantially corresponds to a corresponding shape of the pneumatic structure, and one in the molding vorgese Henen, in particular central feed chute for supplying Material, in particular automated equipment and / or Staff from the outside to the surface of the molding, starting from the feed chute the pneumatic structure successively, in particular around the central feed chute around circular progressively manufacturable. The production can be continuous or in segments.

pneumatic Structures are lightweight membrane structures that are made by applying a through them defined interior with a positive or negative pressure a desired shape accept; they are the expert, for example in the form of air-inflated halls or the like.

pneumatic Structures are important the German architect Otto Frei, who in 1964 founded the institute for easy Shell Structures at the University Stuttgart founded. He was one of the first to explore biological structures and their uses in the construction and construction sector. Frei designed the roof of the Olympic Stadium in Munich as well a city in the Arctic "under a dome with a diameter of about 1 km.

Farther are the expert pneumatic structures in the form of inflatable Liferafts on board known by ships. Furthermore find pneumatic structures even in aviation application (Airplane with folding and unfolding pneumatic wing structures).

present is now proposed for the first time, a pneumatic structure for Creation of an evaporation device for a desalination plant to use. This is thus lightweight and inexpensive to produce and continue to be flexible both on land and especially on can be used floating in the water.

Basically the pneumatic structure of the present invention or the membrane material, of which it consists, take any form, taking inside the pneumatic structure an overpressure or a negative pressure relative to the environment can be used. at Use on land can be the pneumatic structure which the Evaporating device of the system according to the invention forms, used become, an artificial one or a natural one Spanning basins, which with a supply line for treated water is provided. The pneumatic structure can adapt their shape to the characteristics of the terrain.

at Use at sea may be the pneumatic structure in training the present invention have an upper structure and a lower structure, who do not have to assume the same geometric shape. In In this context, the pneumatic structure can be closed on all sides or alternatively formed open below the sea surface down be as long as above the water surface through said upper Structure an evaporation device in the form of a closed Evaporation room for the water to be treated is created.

As already mentioned, is the at least one membrane of the pneumatic structure either by Negative pressure, by overpressure, by a suitable support structure or by suitable combinations of these possibilities kept in shape.

For shaping or stabilizing the shape of the pneumatic structure, a number of possibilities are proposed in the course of developments of the present invention:
With the pneumatic structure having an upper and a lower shell part closed on all sides, which are connected to one another on a so-called equatorial line, the pneumatic structure in the region of the equatorial line can be materially reinforced, for example by providing a toroidal ring structure, which then applies an overpressure for example, to serve the regulation of the internal climate or to boost the uplift of the plant.

Additionally or Alternatively, the membrane material with shaping, in particular be provided net-like structures, in particular in the Membrane material can be incorporated.

Additionally or alternatively you can special shape stabilization elements, for example any Combinations of cables, rods or the like may be provided about tensile and compressive forces take.

A special variety of the latter alternative provides the provision of three-dimensional, especially organic-looking structures ("trees") within the actual pneumatic structure, which in turn is again can be designed as pneumatic structures and for recording of tensile and / or compressive forces serve to turn the actual pneumatic structure into a desired shape to bring or keep.

in the In the simplest case, the pneumatic structure can assume a spherical shape, if they are having an overpressure is charged. If, on the other hand, there is a negative pressure, come special support structures used, so that the membrane tissue inward Train no more than desired gives way.

Within The pneumatic structure may be present in development of the present Invention a reservoir with seawater or brackish water available which is the extraction of the invention used by drinking or service water.

The pneumatic structure acts as a natural evaporation device, by concentrating in their interior as much heat as possible through the Solar radiation is provided. For this purpose is in the course a special embodiment of the present invention, that the pneumatic structure for Sunlight is at least partially permeable, in particular to their top.

The radiated solar energy is then used to that to heat treated water and to evaporate, for whatever purpose continues evaporation elements with a big one specific surface can be provided per unit volume.

The inside the pneumatic structure produced warm, humid air is cooled at the condenser, so that condensate is formed, which after further, not closer shown treatment can be used as drinking water and / or service water is and according to the invention of the pneumatic Structure dissipated and if necessary saved.

In order to promote the condensation, it is provided in a further development of the system according to the invention that the condensation device cooperates with or is disposed in a region of the pneumatic structure which is substantially opaque or reflective for sunlight. For example, the pneumatic structure may be formed on its outside mirrored, so that it comes in places to increased condensation. In operative connection with the condensation direction can be provided in the course of another development of the system according to the invention at least one heat exchanger device which removes the still relatively warm condensate heat, which can be used for example for preheating the water to be treated or air within the system. The condensate can first be prepared and then fed to a suitable storage device, or vice versa, to use it then as drinking water and / or service water.

at another embodiment of the device according to the invention can for Guarantee the compressed air supply, which among other things for the shaping of the pneumatic Structure is required, conventional Be provided pumping means whose energy supply, as well as the Energy supply of other plant parts, via means for energy production from solar energy, wind energy, wave energy and / or water flow energy can be done.

alternative looks a very favorite Further development of the system according to the invention the application of at least one substantially funnel-shaped and essentially independent positionable by the rest of the plant on the water or in the air Wind collecting device in front, over a flexible pipe connected to the pneumatic structure and while spatially can be arranged away from this. Such wind collecting facilities let anchor properly, so that they are like a sailboat or a captive balloon at any time favorable are aligned to a prevailing wind direction, wherein the inside the wind collecting device by the wind generated overpressure said lines and corresponding lock and valve systems is introduced into the pneumatic structure.

Appropriate Further developments of the system according to the invention provide the compressed air lines between wind collector and pneumatic structure on her surface form such that the air guided in them by sunlight heated being and simultaneously facing heat loss to the environment, especially the sea water, is protected.

Also the supplied Compressed air can over a suitable heat exchanger Additionally preheated as above for the supplied, too described treating water.

at Use of the system according to the invention at sea, the feeder takes place of water to be treated preferably from relatively large depths of the sea below the pneumatic structure, so that pollution of the supplied Water is largely excluded. A feeder by a corresponding filter device is provided to the recording of marine organisms or the like. When the pneumatic Structure is formed on all sides substantially closed, can in development of the present invention in the lower area corresponding Evacuation, such as valves, valves or the like provided its still soiled and contaminated into the interior To remove salt and / or mineral residues.

As also already mentioned, is the supplied, water to be treated before spreading within the pneumatic Preheated structure for the purpose of evaporation and then preferably sprayed or atomized using appropriate means. to In addition, evaporation efficiency can be enhanced with special evaporation elements with big ones specific surface per unit volume in the interior of the pneumatic structure provided which, however, may also be formed by suitably formed shape stabilizing structures, like the named "trees", the pneumatic one Structure itself can be formed.

The water to be treated evaporates within the pneumatic structure, which thus as such the evaporation device of the system according to the invention forms, resulting in a crystallized salt and / or minerals collected and transported away, and the salt and mineral content in said water reservoir increases and about that In addition, salt and mineral residues at the Cover of the pneumatic structure or the said evaporation elements remain. The case The pneumatic structure is strong on the outside and inside Beading and dirt-repellent layer provided so that salt or / and minerals do not precipitate or not can fix. The resulting water vapor condenses on the condensation device and is discharged as condensate, as already described.

The form stabilization structures and / or the special Evaporative elements within the pneumatic structure can themselves as pneumatic structures are designed to be controlled by pressure changes to "shake off" the accumulating salt and / or mineral residues. These are preferably collected and transported away.

The enriched with salt and / or minerals water - with closed structure on all sides - then controlled and thus drained or weiterver in an environmentally sound manner are working, especially for salt production.

Further Features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments with reference to FIG Drawing. It shows / shows:

1 a plan view of a schematically illustrated desalination plant according to the invention;

2 a cross-sectional view of the pneumatic structure of the desalination plant according to 1 ;

3 an enlarged detail of the 2 ;

4 an equatorial section through the pneumatic structure according to 1 ;

5 a frontal view of the wind collecting device in 1 ;

6a a cross-sectional view of the wind collecting device according to 5 ;

6b a cross-sectional view of an alternative wind gathering device;

7 a first cross-sectional view of an alternative embodiment of the pneumatic structure;

8th a further cross-sectional view of the alternative embodiment of the pneumatic structure according to 7 ;

9 an embodiment of the device according to the invention for producing at least the pneumatic structure of a desalination plant in plan view;

10 a further embodiment of the device according to 9 in a cross-sectional view;

11 a further embodiment of the device according to the invention for producing at least the pneumatic structure of a desalination plant in plan view; and

12a to 12c the device according to 11 in cross section.

1 shows a schematic plan view of a plant 1 for reducing the salt and / or mineral content of water, in particular of seawater or brackish water for the recovery of fresh water, which is referred to below as simplifying the water desalination plant. The desalination plant 1 is in the exemplary embodiment according to 1 deployed at sea, but not limited thereto according to the invention. It includes a pneumatic structure 2 , which in the present case in the plan view circular and formed by means of suitable anchoring devices 3 , which per se are not the subject of the present application, is arranged stationary, for example by anchoring on the seabed.

The pneumatic structure 2 forms an evaporation device of the system according to the invention 1 for the recovery of fresh water, which will be discussed in more detail below. Furthermore, in 1 at reference numerals 4 nor a particular, substantially impermeable to sunlight and / or reflective area of the pneumatic structure 2 indicated, with a condensation device of the system according to the invention 1 cooperates, which will also be discussed in more detail below.

About a first line 5 is the pneumatic structure 2 or their in 1 Not shown condensation device with a storage device 6 connected for the fresh water won.

The storage device 6 itself is likewise not the subject of the present invention; she can - like the pneumatic structure 2 - be placed in the water (floating) or it may be on land. From the storage device 6 the recovered fresh water is delivered to its place of use, which is also not shown in the drawing.

Furthermore, the pneumatic structure 2 the desalination plant according to the invention 1 over other lines 7.1 - 7.3 with funnel-shaped structures 8.1 - 8.3 which in the present case function as wind collecting devices, via which the pneumatic structure 2 through the pipes 7.1 - 7.3 is supplied with compressed air. The wind collecting facilities 8.1 - 8.3 For this purpose, they are essentially independent of the remaining investment 1 positionable, so that they can - as shown - relative to a prevailing wind direction W align favorably.

On possible concrete embodiments of the wind collecting facilities 8.1 - 8.3 will be discussed in more detail below.

2 shows a cross section of the pneumatic structure 2 in 1 , The pneumatic structure 2 consists of an upper shell part 9 and a lower shell part 10 , so that there is a substantially closed structure on all sides. The upper shell part 9 and the lower shell part 10 are along an only indicated equatorial line 11 together quantity added. The upper sleeve part 9 and the lower shell part 10 the pneumatic structure 2 are formed with any suitable, optionally multi-layered material with suitable reinforcement of (high) strength filaments such as aramid, glass fiber or other materials, and optionally with an insulating layer of air or other suitable "non-conductor" for heat and / or electricity which is known per se to the person skilled in the art. The upper shell part 9 has one opposite the lower shell part 10 weaker curvature, so that in cross section for the pneumatic structure 2 gives a unilaterally flattened, lenticular structure.

The interior 12 the pneumatic structure 2 is at least above the internal water level 13 , which is about the sea level 14 and the equator line 11 coincides, under a pressure which is increased relative to the ambient pressure, so that in particular for the upper shell part 9 gives a convex shape. The reverse case is possible, as further below with reference to 9 and 10 will be explained in more detail.

Along the equator line 11 For example, the pneumatic structure has an internal toroidal structure 15 on, which over the lines 7.1 - 7.3 with the already based on 1 associated wind collecting facilities is connected, which in 2 are not shown. The toroidal structure 15 is pressurized in this way with pressurized air. Furthermore, the toroidal structure 15 on its inside evenly distributed over its circumference air outlet openings 16 on. Below the equatorial plane (compare equatorial line 11 ) is a first ventilation device within the pneumatic structure 17 arranged in the cross-sectional view according to 2 only schematically as dashed lines can be seen. The ventilation device 17 is laterally, that is in the region of the lower shell part 10 with the toroidal structure 15 connected, which will be discussed in more detail below.

For shaping purposes, the pneumatic structure 2 especially in their interior tree and knot-like stabilization structures 18 . 19 of which in the present case only a few are explicitly shown for reasons of clarity. These ensure that the pneumatic structure 2 even when compressed air takes their desired, lenticular shape or retains. Above the internal water level 13 have the stabilization structures 18 an additional feature, which will be discussed in more detail below.

Along the central axis of symmetry of the pneumatic structure 2 runs a supply line 20 for (sea) water to be treated, at its lower end a water absorption and filter element 21 , For example, of porous ceramic material is arranged. The administration 20 can extend into great depths of the sea, as in 2 is suggested to the pneumatic structure 2 always fresh and clean water supply.

In its upper part, the line runs 20 together with and parallel to the line 5 (see. 1 ) for the recovered fresh water and is coupled in this area with the latter via a (not shown) heat exchanger. Since the functional principle for the recovery of fresh water within the water desalination plant according to the invention is based on solar evaporation and subsequent condensation, this can occur in the line 5 guided, relatively warm condensate by means of said heat exchanger for preheating the water to be treated in the line 20 be used.

In the upper part of the pipe 20 and above said heat exchanger is a first conveying means in the form of a pump 22 for that in the line 20 provided guided water to be treated. From the pump 22 The water to be treated is either over other lines 23 in the interior 12 the pneumatic structure 2 applied, for example by atomization, or it will be over even more lines 24 to auxiliary funding 25 distributed, which in the area of the said stabilization structures 18 above the internal water level 13 are provided. The subsidies 25 provide for a discharge of the water to be treated directly in the area or on the tree-like stabilization structures 18 , which will also be discussed in more detail below. The particular electrical supply of the funding 22 . 23 takes place by means of a in the lower part of the pneumatic structure 2 on the supply line 20 arranged generator 26 that has a propeller or a screw 27 is driven by a sea res S flow. Related electrical storage, conversion and control devices are in 2 not explicitly shown.

The casing material of the pneumatic structure 2 is at least in the area of the upper shell part 9 at least partially permeable to sunlight, so that the air inside 12 the pneumatic structure 2 is heated by solar energy input and there is an evaporation of the discharged in this area to be treated water. On the one hand, the atomization of the water to be treated in the area of the lines contributes to increasing the evaporation effect 23 at, as described above. On the other hand, in the pneumatic structure 2 according to 2 An increased evaporation rate also causes the water to be treated by the auxiliary conveying means 25 directly on or on the tree-like stabilization structures 18 is applied, resulting in increased evaporation due to the large wetted surface. For the same purpose are in the interior 12 the pneumatic structure 2 even more evaporation elements 28 arranged, for reasons of clarity in 2 only a single one is explicitly shown in area A.

The 3 represents an enlarged area in the area A in 2 Shown is an exemplary embodiment of such an evaporation element, which generally represents a geometric structure with the largest possible specific evaporation surface per unit volume. According to the exemplary embodiment in 3 consists of the evaporation element 28 from a number of regularly arranged truncated cone elements 29 . 29 ' arranged in pairs opposite to each other oriented and with further corresponding arrangements via rod-shaped connecting elements 30 . 30 ' are connected, so that there is a grid-like structure having a relatively large surface area.

As the skilled person realizes, is the specific design of the evaporation elements 28 however, not limited to the above-described geometric structure as long as the desired effect of a large evaporation surface occurs.

Next up was based on the 2 already on the compressed air outlet openings 16 as well as on the aeration device 17 pointed out, which now with reference to the representation in 4 be explained in more detail.

The 4 shows a section along the equatorial line 11 in 2 , Accordingly, the ventilation device 17 executed in the manner of a substantially flat grid, which covers a large part of the surface of the pneumatic structure 2 covers. Said grid has distributed over its entire extent a plurality of (not shown) compressed air outlet openings, so that within the lower shell part 10 (see. 2 ) accumulating, treated water is aerated and kept in motion, which on the one hand counteracts decay processes and on the other hand facilitates the evaporation. A similar purpose is served by the 4 shown further ventilation devices 31 , the fan or spring-like design and the compressed air outlet openings 16 (see. 2 ) are connected. In particular, the said other ventilation devices provide 31 for a circulating movement of the water to be treated within the pneumatic structure 2 ,

Referring again to the illustration in FIG 2 is at reference numerals 4 a substantially impermeable and / or reflective portion of the pneumatic structure 2 provided in particular by an outer mirroring of the pneumatic structure 2 or the upper shell part 9 can be formed in this area. Consequently, it is within the pneumatic structure in this area 2 relatively cool, so here inside 12 the pneumatic structure 2 a cup-shaped condensation device 32 is arranged for the evaporated water. Alternatively or additionally, active cooling is also possible in the stated range. As shown, the condenser is located 32 just on the central axis of the pneumatic structure 2 in imaginary extension of the supply line 20 for the water to be treated. The condensation device 2 is piping with the fresh water discharge line 5 which, for its part, are linked to the above-mentioned subsidies 22 can cooperate to that in the condensation device 32 recovered fresh water over the pipe 5 to the storage device 6 (see. 1 ) dissipate.

In the lower part of the lower shell part 10 can continue to evacuate 10a be arranged, for example in the form of flaps or valves, which optionally interact with other, not shown pumping means, in particular strongly enriched with salt and / or minerals water and / or solid salt or mineral residues from the interior of the pneumatic structure 2 to remove.

The inside of the pneumatic structure 2 located stabilization structures 18 and / or the evaporation elements 28 For their part, they can in turn be considered as independent pneumatic structures or as components of the pneumatic structure 2 be formed, which can be acted upon via compressed air not explicitly shown line and conveyor. In this way it is possible to control changes in the shape of the above-mentioned stabilizing structures, for example by alternating, sudden supply and removal of compressed air, in order to remove salt and mineral encrustations, which subsequently, for example, into receptacles 32a for removal or inside the pneumatic structure 2 included water fall and over the mentioned evacuation agent 10a can be removed.

In addition to the purpose of powering the plant 1 (see. 1 ) addressed generator 26 additionally and / or alternatively, means for using the solar, wave and / or wind energy can be provided, which however are not explicitly shown in the present case.

Based on 5 such as 6a and 6b Let's talk briefly about exemplary embodiments the at the plant 1 according to 1 used for wind collecting facilities 8.1 - 8.3 for the primary securing of the compressed air supply for the pneumatic structure 2 received.

The single wind collector is in 6a with the reference number 8th denotes and floats on the water surface 14 , It is - as I said - essentially funnel-shaped and has a first, open end 8a for influx of wind W and a second end 8b on, with which they to the in 1 shown lines 7.1 - 7.3 connected. At the end 8a has the in the wind collecting device 8th a pressurized pneumatic ring structure 8c on which the wind gathering device 8th keeps open in this area. The outer shell 8d the wind collecting device 8th made of a similar material as the pneumatic structure 2 may be formed in cross-section towards the end 8b down and optionally has on its inside spiral-shaped structures 8e as guide structures for the incoming wind W on.

According to 6b she is like a captive balloon with propulsion and taxation 8f and holding means 8g and buoyancy agents 8h provided and is thus by tightening or releasing the holding means 8g horizontally and vertically positionable.

About the 1 and 2 shown lines 7.1 - 7.3 the air "collected" in this way passes under pressure into the toroidal structure 15 (see. 2 ) and is from here for shape stabilization and compressed air supply to the pneumatic structure 2 used. Optionally, in this context, further, not shown compressed air generator (compressors) are used, especially in times of calm. The power supply of such compressed air generator takes place for example via the generator 26 (see. 2 ) or by utilizing solar or wind energy, as already mentioned above.

The wind collecting facilities 8th are essentially independent of the remaining investment 1 horizontally and / or vertically positionable, which is either active using only in 6b shown guiding, buoyancy and / or drive means or passively alone by a changing wind direction W can take place.

In the following, let us briefly mention the general mode of operation of the water desalination plant described above 1 (see. 1 ) received:
The entire complex 1 is in the open sea, advantageously near the coast, but preferably over a water depth of> 500 m, discharged and anchored there floating. The wind collecting facilities 8.1 - 8.3 supply the pneumatic structure 2 with compressed air, so this particular their in 2 takes form shown. Fresh, treated seawater is at reference numerals 21 taken and over the supply line 20 in the interior 12 applied to the pneumatic structure, where it is especially on the large surfaces of the tree-like stabilizing structures 18 and / or the evaporation elements 28 due to solar radiation in the pneumatic structure 2 evaporates. This effect is favored by several factors, namely the spraying of the water to be treated using the funding 22 . 25 , the preheating of the water to be treated and / or the supplied compressed air by means of the above-discussed heat exchanger in the upper region of the supply line 20 and by a greenhouse effect due to the at least partially permeable to sunlight training at least the upper shell part 9 the pneumatic structure 2 ,

Due to the sunlight impermeable and / or reflective design of the pneumatic structure or an active cooling in the area 4 The evaporated water preferably condenses in the region of the condensation device 32 , will then be over the line 5 to the storage device 6 (see. 1 ) and stored there for later use. About the said heat exchanger, the relatively warm condensate also provides for preheating the water to be treated, as already described above, or for preheating the supplied outside air.

The filter device 21 at the lower end of the supply line 20 and the large extraction depth for the water to be treated ensure its greatest possible freshness and purity.

The lower part of the pneumatic structure 2 existing water accumulates over time more and more with salt and minerals and must be removed from time to time or continuously together with the accumulated residual solids on the mentioned evacuation. An alternative embodiment of the pneumatic structure 2 therefore, plans to train these open at the bottom. Another characteristic is to collect and use the salt.

The 7 and 8th show various sectional views of an alternative embodiment of the pneumatic structure 2 , which is designed as a vacuum structure, that is, in the interior 12 the pneumatic structure 2 prevails a relation to the environment reduced air pressure. This results in the outwardly concave shape of the upper shell part 9 according to 8th ,

Nevertheless, a bright interior 12 above the water surface 14 to create, has the pneumatic structure 2 according to the 7 and 8th a pressurized with high internal pressure pneumatic strap structure 33 on which the upper shell part 9 supported. The recovery of the condensate takes place by means of a condensing tube acting as a suction device 34 , which with the already described condensate discharge line 5 interacts.

The other facilities of the pneumatic structure 2 according to 7 and 8th are not explicitly shown there and accordingly as far as those above on the basis of 1 to 6 have been described. Smaller required deviations or modifications do not exceed the expert's ability.

The 9 to 12c show various views and embodiments of a device 35 for producing at least the pneumatic structure, in particular at least of its upper and / or lower shell part, of a water desalination plant according to the invention.

The device 35 according to 9 and 10 comprises a molded body adapted to the desired shape of the shell part to be produced 36 whose surface substantially corresponds to the desired shape of the pneumatic structure. In the molding 36 is one of the 10 apparent central feed shaft 37 for feeding material, working equipment (robots) and / or personnel from the outside to the surface of the molding 36 intended. Starting from the feed chute 37 the pneumatic structure or its shell part is successively progressively manufacturable, as described below with reference to 9 is explained in more detail.

Inside the feed slot 37 can an in 10 only indicated elevator mechanism 38 be provided to ensure said material and equipment supply.

According to the embodiment in 10 is the device 35 by means of a tent roof 39 at least partially covered and thus protected against the weather.

According to the embodiment in the 12a to 12c is above the molding 36 another shaped body 36a arranged, consisting of movable segments 36b can be formed. In this way, working devices (robots) can work on staggered planes at the same time on the pneumatic structure or its individual shell parts. The device 35 according to the 12a to 12c has a solid roof construction 35a on, according to 12b openable to the finished pneumatic structure 2 according to 12c with suitable lifting equipment 35b from the shaped body 36 . 36a withdraw. The second shaped body 36a is collapsed and in the feed chute 37 stored.

Referring to 9 Now, a possible production of the shell of the pneumatic structure will be described by way of example. For this purpose, the device 35 a movable in the direction of arrow B working or cutting table 40 on, which is in the form of a circle segment. On the cutting table 40 becomes cover material to be cut 41 filed for the pneumatic structure, which through the feed shaft 37 is supplied. The material 41 is cut and then on the molding 36 filed as with reference numerals 42 shown. Then this is at 42 filed, cut material with further, already cut and deposited material 43 along the seam line 44 sewn, for example, by automated equipment, such as robots or the like.

Along the seam line 44 followed by a seal, as in the present case at reference numerals 45 is shown. reference numeral 46 denotes the already finished shell of the pneumatic structure.

The above-described operations are in the direction of arrow B with appropriate movement of the work table 40 executed successively until the entire shell of the pneumatic structure is completed.

Advantageously, the shaped body 36 formed hollow in its interior and thus serves as a space for storage of material to be processed, equipment, etc.

11 shows again in detail the example of the lower molding 36 the operation of the basis of 12a to 12c already explained structurally higher development stage of the device according to 9 , The trained as a hollow body segment 36 serves as a shaped body for a lamination process. On the lower platform 47 of the retractable and extendable central tower 48 there is a multi-armed robot 49 , about whose arms 50 liquid laminate 51 on the molding 36 applied, (high) solid threads 52 laid in accordance with predetermined force lines and in turn laminate 53 is sprayed. Depending on the casing material, this procedure can be adapted. About this first molding 36 can a second 36a be formed flexible, as already mentioned. An unillustrated connector between the two moldings 36 . 36a is coated in this process with shell material such that the whole shell or pneumatic structure 2 with upper and lower part 9 . 10 seamlessly in a "cast" herge is presented.

After completion and drying, the upper molding 36a removed again - as described - and the shell 2 is deducted at the top.

Claims (24)

Investment ( 1 ) for reducing the salt and / or mineral content of water, in particular of seawater and / or brackish water for the recovery of fresh water, with at least one evaporation device ( 12 . 18 . 28 ) for the salt and / or mineral-rich water and with at least one condensation device ( 4 . 32 ) for the evaporated water, characterized in that the evaporation device ( 12 . 18 . 28 ) by a relative to the atmosphere substantially completed pneumatic structure ( 2 ) is limited or formed. Investment ( 1 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the pneumatic structure ( 2 ) has an overpressure relative to the atmosphere. Investment ( 1 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the pneumatic structure ( 2 ) has a negative pressure relative to the atmosphere. Investment ( 1 ) according to at least one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the pneumatic structure ( 2 ) is formed at least partially permeable to sunlight. Investment ( 1 ) according to at least one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the condensation device ( 32 ) in a sunlight-substantially impermeable and / or reflective area ( 4 ) of the pneumatic structure ( 2 ) is arranged. Investment ( 1 ) according to at least one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the evaporation device ( 12 ) Evaporation elements ( 18 . 28 ) having a large specific surface area per unit volume. Investment ( 1 ) according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by conveying means ( 22 . 25 ) for conveying the salt and / or mineral-rich water to the evaporation device ( 12 ), in particular to the evaporation elements ( 18 . 28 ). Investment ( 1 ) according to at least one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by atomizing or atomising agent ( 22 . 23 . 25 ) for the salt and / or mineral-rich water in the evaporation device ( 12 ), in particular for wetting the evaporation elements ( 18 . 28 ). Investment ( 1 ) according to at least claim 6, characterized in that the evaporation elements ( 28 ) at shape stabilization structures ( 18 ) of the pneumatic structure ( 2 ) and / or part of the shape stabilizing structures ( 18 ) of the pneumatic structure ( 2 ) are. Investment ( 1 ) according to at least one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the pneumatic structure ( 2 ) for application in the water, in particular at sea, is formed on all sides substantially closed. Investment ( 1 ) according to at least one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the pneumatic structure at least one upper shell part ( 9 ) and at least one lower shell part ( 10 ) along an equatorial line ( 11 ) of the pneumatic structure ( 2 ), wherein the lower shell part ( 10 ) is substantially filled with the water to be evaporated. Investment ( 1 ) according to claim 11, characterized in that the pneumatic structure ( 2 ) is rotationally symmetrical and approximately lenticular in cross-section, wherein the upper shell part ( 9 ) has a different, in particular weaker, curvature than the lower shell part ( 10 ). Investment ( 1 ) according to at least one of claims 10 to 12, characterized by means ( 10a . 32a ) for evacuating salt and / or mineral-rich water and / or salt and / or mineral residues from the pneumatic structure ( 2 ). Investment ( 1 ) according to at least claim 6, characterized by means, in particular pneumatic means for detaching salt and / or mineral residues from the evaporation elements ( 18 . 28 ), and / or by means ( 28a ), in particular pneumatic means for collecting and removing the evaporation elements ( 18 . 28 ) or from the internal atmosphere of the pneumatic structure ( 2 ) precipitated crystalline salts and / or minerals. Investment ( 1 ) according to at least one of claims 1 to 14, characterized by at least one substantially funnel-shaped and substantially independent of the remaining plant ( 1 ) positionable wind collecting device ( 8th . 8.1 . 8.2 . 8.3 ) to the compressed air supply for the pneumatic structure ( 2 ) and / or in the pneumatic structure ( 2 ) arranged ventilation devices ( 17 . 31 ) for the salt and / or mineral-rich water. Investment ( 1 ) according to at least claim 15, characterized in that the wind collecting device ( 8th . 8.1 . 8.2 . 8.3 ) as a pneumatic structure is trained. Investment ( 1 ) according to at least one of claims 1 to 16, characterized by at least one heat exchanger means between the condensate and the salt and / or mineral-rich water to be treated and / or the pneumatic structure from outside supplied air for preheating the salt and / or mineral rich to be treated Water or the supplied air. Investment ( 1 ) according to at least one of claims 1 to 17, characterized by means for generating energy from solar energy, wind energy and / or water flow energy for operating the system, in particular the conveying means ( 22 . 25 ). Contraption ( 35 ) for producing at least one shell part ( 9 . 10 ) of the pneumatic structure ( 2 ) of a desalination plant ( 1 ) according to at least one of the preceding claims, with at least one in particular rotationally symmetrical shaped body ( 36 ) whose surface is essentially a corresponding shape of the pneumatic structure ( 2 ) and with one in the molded body ( 36 ), in particular central feed chute ( 37 ) for feeding material ( 41 ), in particular automated tools and / or personnel from the outside to the surface of the molding ( 36 ), starting from the feed chute ( 37 ) the pneumatic structure ( 2 ) successively, in particular around the central feed shaft ( 37 ) is circularly or progressively progressible in segments. Contraption ( 35 ) according to claim 19, characterized by a on the surface of the shaped body ( 36 ) in particular around the feed chute ( 37 ) mobile working platform ( 40 ), in particular in the form of a cutting table for cutting material ( 41 ) for the pneumatic structure ( 2 ). Contraption ( 35 ) according to claim 19 or 20, characterized by a shaped body ( 36 ) in particular partially covering protective cover ( 39 ), in particular in the form of a tent roof or the like. Contraption ( 35 ) according to at least one of claims 19 to 21, characterized in that the shaped body ( 36 ) is formed substantially hollow and as a storage and / or manufacturing preparation hall in the production of the pneumatic structure ( 2 ) serves. Contraption ( 35 ) according to at least one of claims 19 to 22, characterized in that above the shaped body ( 36 ) at least one further, hollow shaped body ( 36a ) is arranged whose surface of another form of the pneumatic structure ( 2 ), so that several parts ( 9 . 10 ) of the pneumatic structure ( 2 ) are substantially synchronously manufacturable. Contraption ( 35 ) according to at least claim 23, characterized in that the further shaped body ( 36a ) of movable molded body segments ( 36b ) is formed, which together form a shaped body with a closed surface.