DE102007041926B4 - Method for electrical insulation or electrical contacting of unhoused electronic components with structured encapsulation - Google Patents
Method for electrical insulation or electrical contacting of unhoused electronic components with structured encapsulation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur elektrischen Isolierung mindestens eines ungehäusten elektronischen Bauelements (1) mit mindestens einer jeweils auf einer Oberseite (3) und/oder einer Unterseite (5) angeordneten Anschlussfläche (7) zur Befestigung und/oder zur elektrischen Kontaktierung, mit den Schritten – Befestigen und/oder elektrisches Kontaktieren der Anschlussfläche (7) auf der Unterseite (5) mit jeweils einer, der Anschlussfläche (7) gegenüberliegenden, Anschlussfläche (9) auf einem vorstrukturierten Substrat (11), – Erzeugen einer strukturierten Verkapselung des elektronischen Bauelements (1) mittels Ausbildens einer elektrisch isolierenden Masse (13) zwischen der das elektronische Bauelement (1) tragenden Seite des Substrats (11) und einem Formwerkzeug (15), wobei durch das Formwerkzeug (15) in der elektrisch isolierenden Masse (13), auf deren Oberseite, Gräben erzeugt werden, und – Erzeugen von in den Gräben eingeebneten Leiterbahnen (27). Ein planares elektrisches Kontaktieren gemäß der WO 03/30247 A2 wird dadurch erheblich vereinfacht, dass keine dünne Folie auflaminiert und danach darin keine Öffnungen erzeugt werden müssen. Die vorliegende Erfindung eignet sich für Hochleistungsbauelemente, insbesondere für den Hochspannungsbereich größer 1000 V.The invention relates to a method for the electrical insulation of at least one unhoused electronic component (1) with at least one connection surface (7) for fastening and / or for electrical contacting, each arranged on an upper side (3) and / or an underside (5) the steps - fastening and / or electrical contacting of the connection area (7) on the underside (5) with in each case one connection area (9) opposite the connection area (7) on a pre-structured substrate (11), - generating a structured encapsulation of the electronic Component (1) by forming an electrically insulating mass (13) between the side of the substrate (11) carrying the electronic component (1) and a molding tool (15), the molding tool (15) in the electrically insulating mass (13) , on the upper side of which trenches are produced, and - generation of conductor tracks (27) leveled in the trenches. A planar electrical contact according to WO 03/30247 A2 is considerably simplified in that no thin film is laminated on and no openings have to be created in it afterwards. The present invention is suitable for high-performance components, in particular for the high-voltage range greater than 1000 V.
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren gemäß Hauptanspruch.The present invention relates to a method according to the main claim.
Bei der elektrischen Isolierung von einem oder mehreren ungehäusten Chips und/oder passiven Bauelementen, insbesondere in der Leistungselektronik, werden herkömmlicher Weise DCB-Keramiken („direct copper bonding”) als Substrat verwendet. Bei der Erzeugung einer DCB-Keramik werden auf Ober- und Unterseite einer Keramik Kupferbleche aufgelegt und bei ca. 1040°C mit dieser formschlüssig verbunden. Anschließend wird zumindest eine der beiden Kupferseiten nasschemisch strukturiert. Ein bekannter Hersteller derartiger Keramiken heißt „Curamik”.In the electrical insulation of one or more unhoused chips and / or passive components, in particular in power electronics, DCB ceramics ("direct copper bonding") are conventionally used as the substrate. During the production of a DCB ceramic, copper sheets are placed on the top and bottom of a ceramic and are connected to it form-fittingly at approx. 1040 ° C. Subsequently, at least one of the two copper sides is structured wet-chemically. A well-known manufacturer of such ceramics is called "Curamik".
Die Bauelemente sind mit ihrer Rückseite flächig auf der DCB-Keramik-Substratplatte aufgelötet. Das Kontaktieren kann mittels Dickdrahtbonden und Silikonverguss oder alternativ mittels eines sogenannten planaren Kontaktierens gemäß der
Die
Die
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Es ist Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung eine kostengünstige elektrische Isolierung beziehungsweise eine einfache elektrische Kontaktierung mindestens eines ungehäusten elektronischen Bauelements oder passiven elektronischen Bauelements, insbesondere eines Leistungsbauelements oder Halbleiterleistungsbauelements, insbesondere für den Hochspannungsbereich größer als 1000 Volt, mit jeweils mindestens einer Anschlussfläche zur Befestigung und/oder zur elektrischen Kontaktierung auf einer Oberseite und/oder Unterseite bereit zu stellen. Des Weiteren soll eine hohe Zuverlässigkeit bei elektrischer und thermischer Zykelbeanspruchung geschaffen sein. Ebenso sollen thermisch und mechanisch hochstabile Kunststoffe verwendbar sein, die sich nicht in Folien- oder Lackform verarbeiten lassen, wie es PEEK (Polyetheretherketon), LCP (Liquid Crystal Polymer) oder Moldmassen und dergleichen sind.It is an object of the present invention, a low-cost electrical insulation or a simple electrical contacting at least one unhoused electronic component or passive electronic component, in particular a power device or semiconductor power device, especially for the high voltage range greater than 1000 volts, each with at least one connection surface for attachment and / or to provide for electrical contact on a top and / or bottom. Furthermore, a high reliability in electrical and thermal Zykelbeanspruchung should be created. Likewise, thermally and mechanically highly stable plastics should be usable which can not be processed in film or paint form, such as PEEK (polyether ether ketone), LCP (liquid crystal polymer) or molding compositions and the like.
Elektrische Zykelbeanspruchung bedeutet das abwechselnde Aussetzen unter eine niedrige elektrische Leistung und eine hohe elektrische Leistung mit einer bestimmten Anzahl von Lastwechseln. Thermische Zykelbeanspruchung bedeutet das abwechselnde Aussetzen unter eine niedrige Temperatur, beispielsweise –40°C, und eine hohe Temperatur, beispielsweise +125°C, mit einer bestimmten Anzahl von Temperaturwechseln, beispielsweise 100 bis 1000 Zykeln.Electrocycle stress means alternating exposure to low electrical power and high electrical power with a certain number of load changes. Thermal cycle stress means alternating exposure to a low temperature, for example -40 ° C, and a high temperature, for example + 125 ° C, with a certain number of temperature changes, for example 100 to 1000 cycles.
Die Aufgabe wird durch ein Verfahren gemäß dem Hauptanspruch gelöst.The object is achieved by a method according to the main claim.
Mittels der vorgeschlagenen Lösung kann ein kostengünstiges Aufbringen sowie Verdrahten ungehäuster elektronischer Bauelemente auf Substraten, insbesondere auf DCB-Keramiken ausgeführt werden, wobei als Isolationsmaterial ein leicht zu erzeugender spritzgegossener Kunststoff als Isolationsmaterial verwendet werden kann.By means of the proposed solution, cost-effective application and wiring of unhoused electronic components to substrates, in particular to DCB ceramics, can be carried out, it being possible to use an easily produced injection-molded plastic as insulation material as insulation material.
Gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung wird ein kostengünstiger Moldprozess zur Isolierung und Strukturierung von elektronischen Modulen bereitgestellt. Des Weiteren sind große Isolationsdicken an besonderen Schwachstellen, wie Kanten, Ecken von elektronischen Bauelementen und Gräben bereitstellbar. Es ist zudem besonders vorteilhaft möglich, während des Moldprozesses zusätzliche Leiterbahnebenen, beispielsweise Leadframe-Strukturen, in die elektrisch isolierende Masse zu integrieren. Während des Moldprozesses können insbesondere aktive und/oder passive Bauelemente integriert werden. Des Weiteren können während des Moldprozesses Lastanschlusskontakte zur Kontaktierung nach außen in die elektrisch isolierende Masse integriert werden. Es werden besonders vorteilhafte Strukturierprozesse zur Strukturierung der elektrisch isolierenden Masse, beispielsweise mittels Laserablation vermieden. Eine Strukturierung der elektrisch isolierenden Masse erfolgt besonders vorteilhaft mittels des Formwerkzeugs.In accordance with the present invention, a low cost molding process for insulating and patterning electronic modules is provided. Furthermore, large insulation thicknesses can be provided for particular weak points, such as edges, corners of electronic components and trenches. It is also particularly advantageous possible, during the molding process additional interconnect levels, such as leadframe structures, to integrate into the electrically insulating mass. During the molding process in particular active and / or passive components can be integrated. Furthermore, during the molding process, load connection contacts for contacting to the outside can be integrated into the electrically insulating mass. Particularly advantageous patterning processes for structuring the electrically insulating compound, for example by means of laser ablation, are avoided. A structuring of the electrically insulating mass takes place particularly advantageously by means of the molding tool.
Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen finden sich in den Unteransprüchen.Further advantageous embodiments can be found in the subclaims.
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung erfolgt ein Erzeugen der strukturierten Verkapselung mittels Mulden mit einem Moldwerkzeug als Formwerkzeug oder mittels Spritzgießen mit einem Spritzgusswerkzeug als Formwerkzeug. Damit können kostengünstige Mold- und Vergussprozesse genutzt werden.According to an advantageous embodiment, the structured encapsulation is produced by means of depressions with a molding tool as a molding tool or by means of injection molding with an injection molding tool as molding tool. This low-cost molding and casting processes can be used.
Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung können hochbeständige isolierende Kunststoffe, insbesondere PEEK (Polyetheretherketon), LCP (Fluessigkristall-Polymer), Moldmassen und dergleichen als elektrisch isolierende Masse verwendet werden. Besonders vorteilhaft kann thermomechanisch vorteilhaft angepasstes Moldmaterial verwendet werden, wobei dessen Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizient (CTE: coefficient of thermal expansion), an den des elektrisch leidenden Materials angepasst ist.According to a further advantageous embodiment, highly resistant insulating plastics, in particular PEEK (polyether ether ketone), LCP (liquid crystal polymer), molding compounds and the like can be used as an electrically insulating mass. Particularly advantageous thermomechanically advantageous adapted molding material can be used, wherein the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), is adapted to that of the electrically-suffering material.
Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung können mittels des Formwerkzeugs in der elektrisch isolierten Masse Aussparungen zur Bereitstellung von Zugängen zu Anschlussflächen des elektronischen Bauelements, zu auf dem Substrat und/oder in und/oder auf der elektrisch isolierenden Masse ausgebildeten elektrischen Leitern und/oder zur Vereinzelung von Modulen erzeugt werden. Bei auf der elektrisch isolierenden Masse ausgebildeten elektrischen Leitern können mittels des Formwerkzeugs Gräben als Aussparungen auf der Oberseite der elektrisch isolierenden Moldmaterialmasse zur Aufnahme von oben liegenden elektrischen Leitern erzeugt sein. Derartige Gräben sind besonders vorteilhaft. Die auf der elektrisch isolierenden Masse erzeugten Leiter werden erst nach dem Erzeugen der, die erzeugten Zugänge aufweisenden strukturierten, Verkapselung ausgebildet. Die in der elektrisch isolierenden Masse erzeugten Leiter werden während des Erzeugens der strukturierten Verkapselung ausgebildet. Auf dem Substrat erzeugte Leiter werden vor dem Erzeugen der strukturierten Verkapselung ausgebildet. Das heißt, durch den Moldprozess in einer strukturierten Form werden sowohl Durchkontaktierungen von elektronischen Bauelementen und auf dem Substrat liegenden Leiterbahnen, als auch zu im Moldmaterial beziehungsweise der elektrisch isolierenden Masse, eingebetteten Leiterbahnen bereitgestellt. Des Weiteren können auf der Oberseite des Moldmaterials bzw. der elektrisch isolierenden Masse, Gräben zur Aufnahme von oben liegenden Leiterbahnen bereitgestellt werden.According to a further advantageous embodiment, by means of the molding tool in the electrically insulated mass recesses for providing access to pads of the electronic component, to on the substrate and / or in and / or on the electrically insulating material formed electrical conductors and / or for separation of Modules are generated. In electrical conductors formed on the electrically insulating mass, trenches may be produced as recesses on the upper side of the electrically insulating molding material mass for receiving overhead electrical conductors by means of the molding tool. Such trenches are particularly advantageous. The conductors which are produced on the electrically insulating mass are formed only after the generation of the structured encapsulation having the generated accesses. The conductors produced in the electrically insulating material are formed during the formation of the structured encapsulation. Conductors produced on the substrate are formed prior to creating the patterned encapsulant. That is, through the molding process in a structured form, both vias of electronic components and interconnects lying on the substrate as well as interconnects embedded in the molding material or the electrically insulating mass are provided. Furthermore, trenches for receiving top conductor tracks can be provided on the upper side of the molding material or the electrically insulating mass.
Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung soll das Formwerkzeug genau ausgebildet sein und/oder das elektronische Bauelement auf dem Substrat in Bezug zu dem Formwerkzeug genau positioniert werden. Auf diese Weise können genaue Zugänge zu den Anschlussflächen des Bauelements erzeugt werden und ebenso Reste von elektrisch isolierender Masse auf den Anschlussflächen vermieden werden.According to a further advantageous embodiment, the mold should be designed accurately and / or the electronic component on the substrate with respect to the mold accurately positioned. In this way, accurate accesses to the pads of the device can be generated and also residues of electrically insulating material can be avoided on the pads.
Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung werden vorhandene Reste der elektrisch isolierenden Masse auf den Anschlussflächen und/oder elektrischen Leitern in den Zugängen mittels Ablation, insbesondere Laserablation, entfernt.According to a further advantageous embodiment, existing remnants of the electrically insulating compound on the connection surfaces and / or electrical conductors in the access points are removed by means of ablation, in particular laser ablation.
Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung weist die elektrisch isolierende Masse einen an das Substrat angepasstem thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten und/oder ein hoch temperaturfestes Material auf. Es ist also besonders vorteilhaft wenn die thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten von Substrat und elektrisch isolierender Masse gleich sind. Mittels der Anpassung von Ausdehnungskoeffizienten von Substrat und Isolator kann eine hohe thermomechanische und elektrische Zuverlässigkeit geschaffen werden.According to a further advantageous embodiment, the electrically insulating mass has a coefficient of thermal expansion adapted to the substrate and / or a high-temperature-resistant material. It is therefore particularly advantageous if the coefficients of thermal expansion of the substrate and the electrically insulating mass are the same. By adapting coefficients of expansion of substrate and insulator, high thermo-mechanical and electrical reliability can be provided.
Gemäß einer weiteren Vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung wird in die elektrisch isolierenden Masse und/oder auf dem Substrat eine Einrichtung zur Kühlung, insbesondere ein Kühlkanal, eine Wärmesenke und/oder ein Heatpipe, eingegossen und/oder auf dem Substrat positioniert. Auf diese Weise sind besonders wirksame Kühlungsmöglichkeiten beispielsweise mittels Kühlkanäle, Wärmesenken und/oder Heatpipes bereitstellbar.In accordance with a further advantageous embodiment, a device for cooling, in particular a cooling channel, a heat sink and / or a heat pipe, is cast into the electrically insulating compound and / or on the substrate and / or positioned on the substrate. In this way, particularly effective cooling options, for example by means of cooling channels, heat sinks and / or heat pipes can be provided.
Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung wird ein planares elektrisches Kontaktieren von Anschlussflächen auf der Oberseite ausgeführt, wobei die Zugänge aufweisende elektrisch isolierende Masse einer Öffnung aufweisende Folie gemäß der
Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung erfolgt ein Erzeugen der elektrisch leitendes Material aufweisenden Schicht mittels flächigem, insbesondere ganzflächigem, Sputtern und Erzeugen einer flächigen galvanischen Verstärkung oder alternativ mittels Abscheide-Verfahren wie beispielsweise Plasmaspritzen oder Coldspray-Verfahren. Die Kontaktierung der Bauelemente und Leiterbahnen erfolgt insbesondere über einen ganzflächigen Sputterschritt und eine ganzflächige galvanische Verstärkung oder alternativ mittels Abscheide-Verfahren wie Plasmaspritzen oder Coldspray-Verfahren.According to a further advantageous embodiment, the electrically conductive material-containing layer is produced by means of surface, in particular all-surface, sputtering and generating a planar galvanic reinforcement or alternatively by means of deposition methods such as plasma spraying or cold spray method. The contacting of the components and interconnects is carried out in particular via a full-surface sputtering step and a full-area galvanic reinforcement or alternatively by means of deposition methods such as plasma spraying or cold spray method.
Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung erfolgt ein Strukturieren der flächigen elektrisch leitendes Material aufweisenden Schicht mittels von der dem Substrat abgewandten Seite erfolgendes Abtragen der Oberfläche bis zur Ebene der elektrisch isolierenden Masse. Eine Strukturierung der ganzflächig erzeugten Metallisierung beziehungsweise elektrisch leitendes Material aufweisenden Schicht mittels Fototechnikprozesse kann vermieden werden, da durch ein Nachholen des Abschleifens oder Abtragens der Oberfläche bis auf die Moldebene beziehungsweise auf die Ebene der elektrisch isolierenden Masse, eine automatische Trennung der Leiterbahnen erfolgt, das heißt, auf diese Weise werden fototechnische Prozesse zur Strukturierung der elektrisch leitendes Material aufweisenden Schicht vermieden.According to a further advantageous embodiment, structuring of the layer comprising electrically conductive material takes place by means of removal of the surface proceeding from the side facing away from the substrate up to the plane of the electrically insulating mass. A structuring of the entire surface generated metallization or electrically conductive material having layer by means of photo-technology processes can be avoided, since by catching up the Abschleifens or ablation of the surface to the molar plane or to the plane of the electrically insulating material, an automatic separation of the tracks takes place, that is , Phototechnical processes for structuring the electrically conductive material layer are avoided in this way.
Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung erfolgt ein elektrisches Kontaktieren der Anschlussflächen auf der Oberseite mittels Dickdrahtbonden unter Verwendung von Silikonverguss.According to a further advantageous embodiment, an electrical contacting of the pads on the top is done by means of thick wire bonding using Silikonverguss.
Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung weist eine erfindungsgemäß hergestellte Vorrichtung in der elektrisch isolierenden Masse erzeugte Aussparungen zur Bereitstellung von Zugängen zu Anschlussflächen des elektronischen Bauelements, zu auf dem Substrat (
Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung ist die erfindungsgemäß hergestellte Vorrichtung elektrisch planar kontaktiert.According to a further advantageous embodiment, the device produced according to the invention is contacted in an electrically planar manner.
Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung weist mindestens ein elektrischer Leiter ein thermomechanisches Profil derart auf, dass auftretende mechanische Spannungen und Verformungen vorteilhaft beeinflusst werden. Dabei kann der thermische Ausdehnungskoeffizient eines Leiters an den einer elektrisch isolierenden Masse angepasst sein. Leiterbahnen weisen bereits ein thermomechanisch günstiges Profil auf, welches insbesondere auftretende Spannungen und Verformungen vorteilhaft beeinflusst.According to a further advantageous embodiment, at least one electrical conductor has a thermo-mechanical profile such that occurring mechanical stresses and deformations are advantageously influenced. In this case, the thermal expansion coefficient of a conductor can be adapted to that of an electrically insulating material. Conductor tracks already have a thermomechanically favorable profile, which in particular advantageously influences occurring stresses and deformations.
Die vorliegende Erfindung wird anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen in Verbindung mit den Figuren näher beschrieben. Es zeigen:The present invention will be described in more detail by means of exemplary embodiments in conjunction with the figures. Show it:
Bezugszeichen
Mit einem sich daran anschließenden Schritt S2 erfolgt ein Erzeugen einer strukturierten Verkapselung mittels einer elektrisch isolierenden Masse
Mit einem Schritt S3 erfolgt das elektrische Kontaktieren von Anschlussflächen
Grundlage der vorliegenden Erfindung ist die strukturierte Verkapselung von insbesondere auf DCB-Substraten
Dazu wird auf eine mit Chips beziehungsweise mit elektronischen Bauelementen
Der isolierende Kunststoff
Etwaiges dünnstes Restmaterial, welches sich zwischen den Aussparungen und den Kontaktieröffnungen befinden kann, wird mittels Ablation, beispielsweise mittels Laserablation, oder durch Ätzprozesse, beispielsweise mittels Plasmaätzen, entfernt. Je genauer die für diesen Prozess notwendigen Werkzeuge
Bei Bedarf können Funktionsbauteile wie beispielsweise Kühlröhren oder Stabilisatoren in das elektrisch isolierende Material
Die weitere elektrische Kontaktierung der elektronischen Bauteile
Durch das kostengünstige strukturierte Aufbringen von Spritzgegossenem Kunststoff
Mit dem Schritt S2 erfolgt ein Erzeugen einer strukturierten Verkapselung mittels einer elektrisch isolierenden Masse
Mit dem Schritt S3 erfolgt das elektrische Kontaktieren von Anschlussflächen
Bei auf der elektrisch isolierenden Masse
Claims (11)
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EP2830087A1 (en) * | 2013-07-26 | 2015-01-28 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Method for interconnection of electrical components on a substrate |
US9064869B2 (en) * | 2013-08-23 | 2015-06-23 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Semiconductor module and a method for fabrication thereof by extended embedding technologies |
DE102013219992A1 (en) | 2013-10-02 | 2015-04-02 | Conti Temic Microelectronic Gmbh | Circuit device and method for its production |
DE102015112451B4 (en) * | 2015-07-30 | 2021-02-04 | Danfoss Silicon Power Gmbh | Power semiconductor module |
DE102016211479A1 (en) * | 2016-06-27 | 2017-12-28 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | power module |
DE102017117150A1 (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2019-01-31 | Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh | Process for the production of optoelectronic semiconductor components and optoelectronic semiconductor component |
EP3584833B1 (en) * | 2018-06-19 | 2021-09-01 | Mitsubishi Electric R&D Centre Europe B.V. | Power module with improved alignment |
DE102018133456A1 (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2020-06-25 | Rogers Germany Gmbh | Method for encapsulating at least one carrier substrate, electronic module and tool for encapsulating a carrier substrate |
DE102019100896A1 (en) * | 2019-01-15 | 2020-07-16 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Semiconductor devices with adhesion-promoting structures and processes for their production |
DE102020109557B3 (en) | 2020-04-06 | 2021-07-29 | Infineon Technologies Ag | METHOD OF MANUFACTURING A SEMI-CONDUCTOR ENCLOSURE, SEMICONDUCTOR ENCLOSURE AND EMBEDDED PCB MODULE |
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