DE102007029444A1 - Porous diaphragm for separating particles, liquid drop or mixture of both from gas or liquid, has pores with diameter depending on distance of one of two diaphragm surfaces - Google Patents
Porous diaphragm for separating particles, liquid drop or mixture of both from gas or liquid, has pores with diameter depending on distance of one of two diaphragm surfaces Download PDFInfo
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- DE102007029444A1 DE102007029444A1 DE102007029444A DE102007029444A DE102007029444A1 DE 102007029444 A1 DE102007029444 A1 DE 102007029444A1 DE 102007029444 A DE102007029444 A DE 102007029444A DE 102007029444 A DE102007029444 A DE 102007029444A DE 102007029444 A1 DE102007029444 A1 DE 102007029444A1
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 138
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims description 25
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 19
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 113
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 64
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011146 sterile filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004887 air purification Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009295 crossflow filtration Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims 1
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- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
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- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004017 vitrification Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 210000004379 membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 64
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 5
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- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012982 microporous membrane Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKKRPWIIYQTPQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC(CC)(COC(=O)C(C)=C)COC(=O)C(C)=C OKKRPWIIYQTPQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
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- KQWWVLVLVYYYDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 3-oxohexanoate Chemical compound CCCC(=O)CC(=O)OCC KQWWVLVLVYYYDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- BUHVIAUBTBOHAG-FOYDDCNASA-N (2r,3r,4s,5r)-2-[6-[[2-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methylphenyl)ethyl]amino]purin-9-yl]-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol Chemical compound COC1=CC(OC)=CC(C(CNC=2C=3N=CN(C=3N=CN=2)[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)C=2C(=CC=CC=2)C)=C1 BUHVIAUBTBOHAG-FOYDDCNASA-N 0.000 description 1
- DKEGCUDAFWNSSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,8-dibromooctane Chemical compound BrCCCCCCCCBr DKEGCUDAFWNSSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDLMVUHYZWKMMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical class CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C XDLMVUHYZWKMMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001023 inorganic pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006249 magnetic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008385 outer phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011049 pearl Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- AVYKQOAMZCAHRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-tridecafluorooctyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F AVYKQOAMZCAHRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/02—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/02—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using physical phenomena
- A61L2/022—Filtration
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L9/00—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
- A61L9/16—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using physical phenomena
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/54—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using ultra-fine filter sheets or diaphragms
- B01D46/543—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using ultra-fine filter sheets or diaphragms using membranes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0002—Organic membrane manufacture
- B01D67/0004—Organic membrane manufacture by agglomeration of particles
- B01D67/00041—Organic membrane manufacture by agglomeration of particles by sintering
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0002—Organic membrane manufacture
- B01D67/0006—Organic membrane manufacture by chemical reactions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0002—Organic membrane manufacture
- B01D67/0009—Organic membrane manufacture by phase separation, sol-gel transition, evaporation or solvent quenching
- B01D67/00091—Organic membrane manufacture by phase separation, sol-gel transition, evaporation or solvent quenching by evaporation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2315/00—Details relating to the membrane module operation
- B01D2315/10—Cross-flow filtration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2323/00—Details relating to membrane preparation
- B01D2323/34—Use of radiation
- B01D2323/345—UV-treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/02—Details relating to pores or porosity of the membranes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/02—Details relating to pores or porosity of the membranes
- B01D2325/022—Asymmetric membranes
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
In der technischen Industrie findet man ein breites Spektrum an Einsatzmöglichkeiten für poröse Membranen wieder, wobei die Filtration, Sterilfiltration und Ultrafiltration grundlegende Anwendungsgebiete darstellen.1 Durch die oben genannte Erfindung und dessen Herstellungsverfahren wird eine wesentliche Ausweitung dieser Einsatzbereiche ermöglicht.In the technical industry, a wide range of applications for porous membranes can be found again, with filtration, sterile filtration and ultrafiltration are fundamental applications. 1 The above-mentioned invention and its production method enable a substantial expansion of these areas of use.
Stand der Technik:State of the art:
Die Erzeugung poröse Membranen kann auf verschiedenen Weg erfolgen, hier ist zu einem die Herstellung durch Verweben, Verkleben, Versintern oder Verfilzen von Fasern, die Herstellung durch kontrollierte Fällung eines Feststoffes aus einer Lösung2 und durch mechanische Deformation zu nennen.3 Des Weiteren lassen sie sich durch selektives Herauslösen von Komponenten eines phasenseparierten Materials4 und durch Entfernung von Partikeln aus einer Matrix, welche zuvor in diese eingebettet wurden5-12 herstellen. Andere Möglichkeiten zur Erzeugung poröser Membrane sind z. B. das Beschießen von Membranen mit Schwerionen und das anschließende Entfernen strahlengeschädigter Rereiche13, die anodische Oxidation von Metalloberflächen14, die Strukturierung einer homogenen Fläche über Photolithographie15,16 oder aber das Nachformen einer entsprechenden strukturierten Matrize.17 The production of porous membranes can be done in various ways, here one to mention the production by interweaving, gluing, sintering or felting of fibers, the production by controlled precipitation of a solid from a solution 2 and by mechanical deformation. 3 Furthermore, they can be prepared by the selective removal of components of a phase-separated material 4 and by removal of particles from a matrix which have previously been embedded in this 5-12. Other possibilities for the production of porous membranes are, for. As the bombardment of membranes with heavy ions and the subsequent removal of radiation-damaged areas 13 , the anodic oxidation of metal surfaces 14 , the structuring of a homogeneous surface via photolithography 15,16 or the reshaping of a corresponding patterned template. 17
Sowohl konventionelle Filtermembranen, wie z. B. Papier, als auch Membranen mit einheitlicher Porengröße wie z. B. Kernspurmembranen haben eine Dicke weit über ihrer Porengröße. Dies bewirkt einen unnötig hohen Filtrationswiderstand. Zum Absenken dieses Filtrationswiderstandes kann man die Membrandicke verringern, günstigstenfalls bis hinunter zu Dicken, die der Porengröße entsprechen. Derartig dünne poröse Membranen werden in der Literatur häufig Mikrosiebe genannt.15 Both conventional filter membranes, such as. As paper, as well as membranes with uniform pore size such. B. nuclear track membranes have a thickness far beyond their pore size. This causes an unnecessarily high filtration resistance. To lower this filtration resistance, one can reduce the membrane thickness, at best down to thicknesses that correspond to the pore size. Such thin porous membranes are often called microsieves in the literature. 15
Das Hauptproblem, welches bei porösen Membranen mit geringer Dicke auftritt, ist deren geringe mechanische Stabilität, die bei Membranen deren Dicke dem Porendurchmesser entspricht mit abnehmender Porengröße abnimmt. Aus diesem Grund, ist es unumgänglich poröse Membranen mit einer geringen Dicke zumindest nach ihrer Herstellung auf Stützstrukturen zuüberführen.1 The main problem which occurs with porous membranes with a small thickness is their low mechanical stability, which decreases with membranes whose thickness corresponds to the pore diameter with decreasing pore size. For this reason, it is inevitable to transfer porous membranes with a small thickness at least after their preparation on support structures. 1
Die Notwenigkeit derartiger Stützstrukturen zeigt sich sehr deutlich bei der Erzeugung von Membranen mit submikroskopischen Poren.The The need for such support structures is very evident clearly in the generation of membranes with submicroscopic Pores.
Dünne poröse Membranen und deren Stützstrukturen lassen sich über Photolithographie herstellen,18,19 was zwar den Vorteil hat, dass man die notwendige Stützstruktur während der Herstellung zwanglos miterzeugen kann, aber nachteilig mit einen großen Zeitaufwand verbunden ist.Thin porous membranes and their support structures can be prepared by photolithography, 18,19 although it has the advantage that you can co-create the necessary support structure during production, but is disadvantageously associated with a large amount of time.
Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass man mikrosiebartige Membranen vorteilhaft auch ohne den Einsatz von Photolithographie durch Aufbringen von Partikeln und einer aushärtbaren Flüssigkeit auf einer Wassroberfläche, Aushärten der Flüssigkeit und Entfernen der Partikel herstellen kann.20-23 Dieses Verfahren erzeugte aber zunächst nur die poröse Membran ohne eine Stützstruktur. Die nach der Herstellung anschließende Überführung einer solchen porösen Membran auf eine Stützstruktur, wie z. B. auf ein Lochblech, Drahtgitternetz, Gewebe oder Vlies erweist sich jedoch als sehr schwierig, da allein die Prozedur des Übertragens schon eine hohe Belastung darstellt, die Membran häufig unzureichend an der Stützstruktur anhaftet und sie einen von der Stützstruktur abweichenden thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizient besitzt. Das Problem der Anhaftung, kann man zwar durch Verkleben oder Versintern der Membran mit der Stützstruktur unterbinden, jedoch kann ein Großteil der Poren durch den Kleber verschlossen oder deformiert werden. Es gibt Herstellungsverfahren, bei denen eine i. d. R. nicht poröse Membran und eine poröse Stützstruktur z. B. in einer kontrollierten Fällung oder Phaseninversion erzeugt werden. Derartige Membranen werden auch als asymmetrische Membranen bezeichnet. Membranen einheitlicher Porengröße sind in diesem Verfahren jedoch nicht zugänglich.It has been shown that microsieve-like membranes can advantageously also be produced without the use of photolithography by applying particles and a curable liquid to a water surface, curing the liquid and removing the particles. 20-23 However, this process initially produced only the porous membrane without a support structure. The post-production subsequent transfer of such a porous membrane to a support structure such. As to a perforated plate, wire mesh, fabric or nonwoven, however, proves to be very difficult, since only the procedure of transfer is already a high load, the membrane often adheres insufficiently to the support structure and it has a deviating from the support structure thermal expansion coefficient. Although the adhesion problem can be prevented by gluing or sintering the membrane to the support structure, most of the pores can be closed or deformed by the adhesive. There are manufacturing processes in which a generally non-porous membrane and a porous support structure z. B. in a controlled precipitation or phase inversion can be generated. Such membranes are also referred to as asymmetric membranes. However, membranes of uniform pore size are not accessible in this process.
Weitere
die Erfindung betreffende Patentliteratur ist im folgenden zusammengefasst,
ermöglicht aber ebenfalls nicht die Herstellung dünner
Membranen mit asymmetrischer Struktur in einem Schritt:
Somit stellt sich die Aufgabe ein poröse Membran über das Aufbringen von Mischungen aus Partikeln und aushärtbarer Flüssigkeit auf eine Flüssigkeitsoberfläche so herzustellen, dass eine asymmetrische Membran entsteht in der eine sofort mit erzeugte Stützstruktur enthalten ist.Consequently the task turns into a porous membrane the application of mixtures of particles and hardenable Liquid on a liquid surface in such a way that an asymmetric membrane arises in the an immediately generated with support structure is included.
Erfindungsgemäß wird die Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, dass man Erkenntnis aus der Publikation von A. Ding ausnutzt. Aus der Publikation von A. Ding wird ersichtlicht, dass man Partikel einer Sorte an eine bevorzugte Seite einer Ölschicht anbringen kann, wenn man sie geeignet beschichtet.23-24 Bei diesen Arbeiten wurde jeweils eine Partikelsorte zusammen mit einem Öl auf eine Wasseroberfläche aufgebracht, wobei sich eine Ölschicht bildete, deren Dicke weit über dem Partikeldurchmesser lag. Je nach Beschichtung dieser Partikel lagerten sie sich auf einer Seite einer Ölschicht an. Die Erzeugung poröser Membranen wurde von A. Ding nicht betrachtet.According to the invention the object is achieved by exploiting knowledge from the publication of A. Ding. From the publication of A. Ding, it is seen that particles of one kind can be attached to a preferred side of an oil layer, if properly coated. 23-24 In this work, one type of particle was applied to a water surface together with an oil, forming an oil layer whose thickness was far above the particle diameter. Depending on the coating of these particles, they deposited on one side of an oil layer. The production of porous membranes was not considered by A. Ding.
Die Neuigkeit der hier dargelegten Erfindung besteht darin, dass zwei Partikelsorten unterschiedlicher Größe so unterschiedlich beschichtet werden, dass sich die Partikel an den jeweils gegenüberliegenden Oberflächen einer Schicht aus einer Flüssigkeit z. B. aus einer polymerisierbaren organischen Flüssigkeit anlagern, und das Volumen der Schicht dabei so gewählt wird, dass sich die Partikel innerhalb dieser Schicht berühren. Die Zwischenräume zwischen den Partikeln werden mit einer festen Substanz gefüllt, bzw. eine die Zwischenräume ausfüllende flüssige Substanz wird verfestigt, die Partikel anschließend wieder entfernt, so dass zuletzt eine Membran mit asymmetrischer Struktur zurückbleibt.The Novelty of the invention set forth here is that two Particle species of different sizes so different be coated so that the particles on the opposite Surfaces of a layer of a liquid z. B. from a polymerizable organic liquid attach, and the volume of the layer thereby chosen will cause the particles to touch within this layer. The spaces between the particles are with a filled solid substance, or one of the spaces filling liquid substance is solidified, then remove the particles again, leaving them last a membrane with asymmetric structure remains.
Erfindungsgemäß wird die poröse Membran mit asymmetrischer Struktur nach folgenden Schritten hergestellt:
- 1) Herstellung einer Mischung aus Partikeln unterschiedlicher Größe und unterschiedlichen Oberflächeneigenschaften, einer nichtflüchtigen verfestigbaren Substanz und/oder einem Lösungsmittel.
- 2) Auftragen der Mischung auf eine Flüssigkeitsoberfläche (z. B. eine Wasseroberfläche).
- 3) ggf. Verdunsten des Lösungsmittels,
- 4) ggf. Ausfüllen der Zwischenräume zwischen den Partikeln durch eine feste oder verfestigbare Substanz
- 5) Aushärtet der verfestigbaren Substanz.
- 6) Übertragen der erhaltenen Membran auf ein beliebiges Substrat.
- 7) Entfernen der Partikel.
- 1) Preparation of a mixture of particles of different size and surface properties, a nonvolatile solidifiable substance and / or a solvent.
- 2) Apply the mixture to a liquid surface (eg a water surface).
- 3) if necessary, evaporation of the solvent,
- 4) optionally filling the spaces between the particles by a solid or solidifiable substance
- 5) Curing of the solidifiable substance.
- 6) Transferring the resulting membrane to any substrate.
- 7) Remove the particles.
Durch die richtige Wahl der Partikelbeschichtung, bildet die Mischung aus Lösungsmittel und verfestigbarer Substanz, bzw. nach dem Verdunsten des Lösungsmittels die verfestigbare Substanz eine Schicht aus. Die kleinen Partikeln, die z. B. eine hydrophobere Beschichtung aufweisen, reichern sich an einer Grenzfläche, bzw. innerhalb einer Zone nahe dieser Grenzfläche an und ragen zumindest teilweise in die an diese Grenzfläche angrenzende Phase (z. B. Luft) hinein. Die größeren Partikeln, welche z. B. eine hydrophilere Beschichtung aufweisen, reichern sich bevorzug an der gegenüberliegende Grenzfläche, bzw. innerhalb einer an diese Grenzfläche angrenzende Zone an, und ragen in die an dieser Seite angrenzende äußere Phase (z. B. Wasser) hinein.By the right choice of particle coating, forms the mixture from solvent and solidifiable substance, or after the evaporation of the solvent, the solidifiable substance a layer off. The small particles that z. B. a hydrophobic Coated, accumulate at an interface, or within a zone near this interface and project at least partially into the adjacent to this interface phase (eg air) into it. The larger particles, which z. B. have a more hydrophilic coating, accumulate Favor at the opposite interface, or within an adjacent to this interface zone, and protrude into the outer phase adjacent to this side (eg water) into it.
Des Weiteren wird das Volumen des verfestigbaren oder festen Substanz, die die Zwischenräume zwischen den Partikeln ausfüllt, so gewählt, dass beide Partikelsorten die an den gegenüberliegenden Grenzflächen, bzw. in den jeweils daran angrenzenden Zone angereichert sind, sich zusätzlich innerhalb der verfestigbaren Schicht berühren. Nach dem Aushärten der verfestigbaren Schicht und dem anschließende Entfernen der Partikel erhält man an der Oberseite kleine Poren und an der Unterseite große Poren. Innerhalb der Membran sind die kleinen Poren mit den großen Poren durch "Fenster" mit Durchmessern von ca. 1/10 des Durchmessers der kleinen Poren durchgängig miteinander verbunden.Of Further, the volume of the solidifiable or solid substance, which fills in the spaces between the particles, chosen so that both particle types at the opposite interfaces, or enriched in each adjacent thereto zone, itself additionally within the solidifiable layer. After curing of the solidifiable layer and the subsequent Removing the particles gives you small at the top Pores and large pores at the bottom. Within the Membrane are the small pores with the big pores through "Window" with diameters of about 1/10 of the diameter of the small Pores consistently connected.
Der Vorteil dieser erzeugten asymmetrischen Membran ist, dass die poröse Membran (kleine Poren) sofort von der grobporigen Stützstruktur (große Poren) mechanisch stabilisiert wird. Weiterhin wird die Erzeugung der asymmetrischen Membran in einem einzigen Schritt zusammengefasst und somit wertvolle Zeit gespart.Of the Advantage of this generated asymmetric membrane is that the porous Membrane (small pores) immediately from the coarse-pored support structure (large Pores) is mechanically stabilized. Furthermore, the generation the asymmetric membrane in a single step and saved valuable time.
Ebenso können die Poren der porösen Membran, die sich auf der Stützstruktur befindet, sehr klein gewählt werden, da die Stützstruktur sofort stabilisierend wirkt.As well Can the pores of the porous membrane, which is located on the support structure, chosen very small be, because the support structure has an immediate stabilizing effect.
Literatur:Literature:
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- 2 K. H. Maier, E. A. Scheuermann, „Über die Bildungsweise teildurchlässiger Membrane", Kolloid-Zeitschrift 1968, 171, 122–135. 2 KH Maier, EA Scheuermann, "On the mode of formation of semipermeable membranes", Colloid Journal 1968, 171, 122-135.
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- 4 G. Liu, J. Ding, T. Hashimoto, K. Kimishima, F. M. Winnik, S. Nigam, "Thin Films with Densely, Regularly Packed Nanochannels: Preparation, Characterization, and Applications", Chem. Mater. 1999, 11, 2233–2240. 4 G. Liu, J. Ding, T. Hashimoto, K. Kimishima, FM Winnik, S. Nigam, "Thin Films with Densely, Regularly Packed Nanochannels: Preparation, Characterization, and Applications," Chem. Mater. 1999, 11, 2233-2240.
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- 6 Raman, N. K., Anderson, M. T. & Brinker, C. J.: "Templated-based approaches to the preparation of amorphous, nanoporous silicas", Chem. Mater., 1996, 8, 1682–1701. 6 Raman, NK, Anderson, MT & Brinker, CJ: "Templated-based approaches to the preparation of amorphous, nanoporous silicas", Chem. Mater., 1996, 8, 1682-1701.
- 7 O. D. Velev, T. A. Jede, R. F. Lobo, A. M. Lenhoff, "Porous silica via colloidal crystallization" Nature, 1997, 389, 447. 7 OD Velev, TA Any, RF Lobo, AM Lenhoff, "Porous silica via colloidal crystallization" Nature, 1997, 389, 447.
- 8 B. T. Holland, C. F. Blanford, A. Stein, "Synthesis of macroporous minerals with highly ordered three-dimensional arrays of spheroidal voids", Science, 1998, 281, 538–540. 8 BT Holland, CF Blanford, A. Stein, "Synthesis of macroporous minerals with highly ordered three-dimensional arrays of spheroidal voids", Science, 1998, 281, 538-540.
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- 11 P Jiang, K. S. Hwang, D. M. Mittleman, J. F. Bertone, V. L. Colvin, "Template-directed preparation of macroporous polymers with oriented and crystalline arrays of voids". J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1999, 121, 11630–11637. 11 P Jiang, KS Hwang, DM Mittleman, JF Bertone, VL Colvin, "Template-directed preparation of macroporous polymers with oriented and crystalline arrays of voids". J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1999, 121, 11630-11637.
- 12 O. D. Velev, A. M. Lenhoff, "Colloidal crystals as templates for porous materials", Curr. Opin. Coll. Interf. Sci., 2000, 5, 56–63. 12 OD Velev, AM Lenhoff, "Colloidal crystals as templates for porous materials", Curr. Opin. Coll. Interf. Sci., 2000, 5, 56-63.
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- 18 C. v. Rijn, G. Veldhuis, S. Kuiper, "Nanosieves with microsystem technology for microfiltration applications", Nanotechnology 1998, 9, 343–345. 18 C. v. Rijn, G. Veldhuis, S. Kuiper, "Nanosieves with microsystem technology for microfiltration applications", Nanotechnology 1998, 9, 343-345.
- 19 C. van. Rijn, M. van der Wekken, W. Nijdam, M. Elwenspoek, "Deflection and Maximum Load of Microfiltration Membrane Sieves Made with Silicon Micromachining", J. Microelectromech Systems, 1997, 6, 48–54. 19 C. van. Rijn, M. van der Wekken, W. Nijdam, M. Elwenspoek, "Deflection and Maximum Load of Microfiltration Membrane Sieves Made with Silicon Micromachining", J. Microelectromech Systems, 1997, 6, 48-54.
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Membranen, deren Herstellung und Verwendung",
DE 10058258A1 DE 10058258A1 - 21 H. Xu, W. A. Goedel, „Von partikelassistierter Benetzung zu freitragenden porösen Membranen", Angewandte Chemie, 2003, 115, 4842–4844. 21 H. Xu, WA Goedel, "From Particle-Assisted Wetting to Self-supporting Porous Membranes", Angewandte Chemie, 2003, 115, 4842-4844.
- 22 F. Van W. A. Goedel, "A simple and effective method for the preparation of porous membranes with three-dimensionally arranged pores", Adv. Mater. 2004, 16, 911. 22 F. Van WA Goedel, "A simple and effective method for the preparation of porous membranes with three-dimensionally arranged pores," Adv. Mater. 2004, 16, 911.
- 23 H. Xu, F. Van, A. Ding, D. Marczewski, W. A. Goedel, „Von partikelassistierter Benetzung zu freitragenden porösen Membranen", Nach. Chem. 2006, 54, 740–745. 23 H. Xu, F. Van, A. Ding, D. Marczewski, WA Goedel, "From Particle-Assisted Wetting to Self-supporting Porous Membranes", Nach. Chem. 2006, 54, 740-745.
- 24 Ailin Ding, Werner A. Goedel, "Experimental Investigation of Particle Assistet Wetting" Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2006, 128, 4930–493 24 Ailin Ding, Werner A. Goedel, "Experimental Investigation of Particle Assisted Wetting" Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2006, 128, 4930-493
Anhand
von
Ausführungsbeispiel:Embodiment:
Eine Mischung aus kleinen Kieselgelpartikeln (synthetisiert nach Stöber Fink Bohn, J. Coll. Interf. Sci. 1968, 26, 62 und beschichtet mit 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane nach der Vorschrift von Philipse & Vrij J. Coll. Interf. Sci. 1989, 128, 121, Partikeldurchmesser im Bereich 235–245 nm, Massenbruch dieser Partikel in der Mischung = 0,0017), größeren Kieselgelpartikeln (beschichtet mit [3-(Methacryloyloxy)propyl]trimethoxysilane nach der Vorschrift von Philipse & Vrij, Partikeldurchmesser 470–480 nm, Massenbruch dieser Partikel in der Mischung = 0,0034), Photoinitiator (Benzoinisobutylether, Massenbruch in der Mischung = 0,0005) und ein Öl (Trimethylolpropantrimethacrylat TMPTMA, Massenbruch in der Mischung = 0,0016), Ethanol (Massenbruch in der Mischung = 0,126), Chloroform (Massenbruch in der Mischung = 0,829), und Ethylbutyrylacetat (Massenbruch in der Mischung = 0,0405) wurde auf einer Wasseroberfläche aufgetragen (199,2140 g/m2). Die Komponente Ethylbutyrylacetat bewirkt, aufgrund ihrer geringeren Flüchtigkeit, dass die Partikel genügend Zeit haben, überwiegend dichte Packungen zubilden.A mixture of small silica gel particles (synthesized according to Stöber Fink Bohn, J. Coll., Interf. Sci., 1968, 26, 62 and coated with 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane according to the instructions of Philipse & Vrij J. Coll. Sci. 1989, 128, 121, particle diameter in the range 235-245 nm, mass fraction of these particles in the mixture = 0.0017), larger silica gel particles (coated with [3- (methacryloyloxy) propyl] trimethoxysilanes according to the instructions of Philipse & Vrij, Particle diameter 470-480 nm, mass fraction of these particles in the mixture = 0.0034), photoinitiator (benzoin isobutyl ether, mass fraction in the mixture = 0.0005) and an oil (trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate TMPTMA, mass fraction in the mixture = 0.0016), ethanol ( Mass fraction in the mixture = 0.126), chloroform (mass fraction in the mixture = 0.829), and ethyl butyryl acetate (mass fraction in the mixture = 0.0405) was applied to a water surface (199.2140 g / m 2 ). The component ethyl butyryl acetate, due to its lower volatility, causes the particles to have sufficient time to form predominantly dense packs.
Somit erfolgte das Abdampfen der flüchtigen und geringeren flüchtigen Komponenten über einen Zeitraum von ca. 12 Stunde.Consequently the evaporation of the volatile and lower volatiles took place Components over a period of about 12 hours.
Anschließend härtete man das nichtflüchtige polymerisierbare organische Öl (TMPTMA) mit einer UV-Lampe (Dauer 15 Minuten, Abstand ca. 4 cm, Quecksilberniederdruckstrahler, Umex, Dresden, primäre Wellenlänge, 254 nm, Strahlungsintensität 0,0798 W/cm2) aus. Während des Aushärtungsprozess wird eine Argon-Schutzgasatmosphäre erzeugt. Die erhaltene Membran, wird danach auf ein beliebiges Substrat z. B. ein Gitter, bzw. für elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen ein Silizium-Wafer überführt.Thereafter, the nonvolatile polymerisable organic oil (TMPTMA) was cured with a UV lamp (duration 15 minutes, distance ca. 4 cm, mercury low-pressure radiator, Umex, Dresden, primary wavelength, 254 nm, radiation intensity 0.0798 W / cm 2 ). During the curing process, an argon blanket gas atmosphere is created. The membrane obtained is then applied to any substrate z. As a grid, or transferred for electron microscopic investigations of a silicon wafer.
Zuletzt behandelt man die Membran mit Flusssäure, um die Partikel zu entfernt [Einwirken von Dampfen, die einer wässrigen Flusssäurelösung (40 gew%) entweichen über die Gasphase in einem geschlossenen Kunststoffgefäß].Finally, treat the membrane with Hydrofluoric acid to remove the particles [exposure to vapors which escape an aqueous hydrofluoric acid solution (40% by weight) via the gas phase in a closed plastic vessel].
ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNGQUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION
Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.
Zitierte PatentliteraturCited patent literature
- - DE 142656 [0008] - DE 142656 [0008]
- - DE 153580 [0009] - DE 153580 [0009]
- - DE 296637 [0010] DE 296637 [0010]
- - DE 69012925 T2 [0011] - DE 69012925 T2 [0011]
- - DE 69233584 T2 [0011] - DE 69233584 T2 [0011]
- - DE 69534208 T2 [0012] - DE 69534208 T2 [0012]
- - DE 3809523 A1 [0013] - DE 3809523 A1 [0013]
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- - DE 102005011544 A1 [0016] DE 102005011544 A1 [0016]
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- - EP 0077509 B1 [0018] EP 0077509 B1 [0018]
- - EP 0241995 B1 [0019] EP 0241995 B1 [0019]
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- - WO 93/23153 A1 [0021] WO 93/23153 A1 [0021]
- - WO 02/18038 A1 [0022] WO 02/18038 A1 [0022]
- - WO 2005/063365 A1 [0023] WO 2005/063365 A1 [0023]
Claims (66)
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DE102007029444A DE102007029444A1 (en) | 2007-06-22 | 2007-06-22 | Porous diaphragm for separating particles, liquid drop or mixture of both from gas or liquid, has pores with diameter depending on distance of one of two diaphragm surfaces |
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